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APAAQUICKGUIDETOREFERENCING

REFERENCINGISNECESSARYTO AVOIDPLAGIARISM,TOVERIFY QUOTATIONSAND TO ENABLE READERS TO IDENTIFY

ANDCON SULTANY ITEM TO FOLLOW- UPA CITED AUTHORS

ARGUMENTS

Thisguideisan int roductionto the APA (AmericanPsychological

Associat ion)referencingsystem.For a morecomprehensive

guidepleasereferto:

AmericanPsychologicalAssociation.(2010). Publicationmanua lofthe AmericanPsychologicalAssoc iation(6th ed.). Washington,DC:Author.

PLEASENOTEBeforeyouw riteyourreferencelist,checkwithyour

lec turer/tutorforthe referencingstylethey pre feryou to use

and referto the instructionsincludedwit hyourassignment.

Theinformationinthisguideisintendedto prov ideyou with

guidanceon usingthe APA referencingstyle,formoredetailed

information,pleasereferto the stylemanual above .

USEFUL TIPSAPA isan AuthorsNameand DateofPub licationSystem.It

consistsofin-textcitationsand a referencelistat the endof

yourdocument

Themostimp ortantprincipleinreferencingisto be consistent

Allsourcesused inassignments,essays, reportsand theses

mustbe acknowledged inthe text ofyourdocument(these

are calledin-textcitations)

Fordirectquotationsofles sthan 40 words,use

double quotationmarks to enclosequotationsintext

Quotat ionsof 40 wordsormoreare indented

(quotationmarks are notrequired).

Pageorparagraphnumbers mustbe givenforall

direct quotations

Creat inga referencelist:

- Thereferencelistincludesallbook s,articles,audiovisual

itemsand websitesthatare citedinthe text.

- Thereferencelistisarrangedalphabeticallybyauthor.

Wherean itemhas no authoritiscitedbyitstitle,and

orderedinthe referencelistalphabeticallybythe first

significantwordof the title.

- Eachreferenceinthe listmusthavea hangingindent.

- Thereferencelistshouldbe double -spaced

Thedetails,orderand pun ctuat ionrequiredfora reference listent ryinitsbasicformare outlinedbe low :

BOOK(PRINT)Thedetailsrequired,inorder,are: nameofauthor(s),editor(s),or the ins titutionresponsib le;pub licationyear;title(italicised,capitalisethe first

wordof the title,subtitleand propernouns);edition;placeofpub licationand pub lisher.Notallof these detailswillbe requiredforeach

reference.

AUTHOR YEAROFPUBLICATION TITLE(Italics) PLACE OF PUBLICATION PUBLISHER

Griggs,R.A.(2006). Psychology:A conciseintroduction.New York,NY:Worth. JOURNAL ARTICLE (PRINT)Thedetailsrequired,inorder,are: nameofauthor(s);pub licationyear; titleof the article;titleof thejourna l(italicised); volumenumber

(italicised); issuenumber(whererequired)and pagenumbers.

AUTHOR YEAROFPUBLICATION TITLEOF ARTICLE TITLEOF JOURNAL(Italics)PAGENUMBERS

Aranda,S. (2008). Designingnursingint ervent ions.Collegian,15(1), 19-25.VOLUME(Italics) ISSUE

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APA A QUICK GUIDE TO REFERENCINGIN-TEXT EXAMP LE REFERENCELIST EXAMPL E

BOOKS

Book single author .. issuesforthe elderly(Arnott, 2005)

ORAccordingtoArnott(2005)

Arnott,G.D.(2005). Workingin aged careanddisabilityservices.Croyd on,Victoria:Tert iaryPress.

Book two authors

EditionSinclairand Dangerfield(1998) discuss

OR

(Sinclair& Dangerfield, 1998)

Citeboth authors each time the reference occurs.

Sinclair,D.,& DangerfieldP.(1998). Hu ma ngrowthafterbi rth(6th ed.). Ox ford:Ox fordUniversit yPress.

Aneditionnumberisplaced after the title of

the work.

Book 3, 4 or 5 authors (Broyles,Reiss,& Evans, 2007)

Citeall of the authors the first time the reference

occurs. Insubsequentcitationsincludeonly thesurname

ofthe

first authorfollowedby et al. and the year.

Broy les,B.E.,Reiss,B.S.,& Evans,M. E.(2007).

Pharmacologicalaspectsofnursin gcare(7th ed.).Albany,NY:ThomsonDelmarLearning.

Includeall of the authors inthe reference list.

Book 6 or more authors (Mussenet al., 1973)

Citeonly the surname of the first authorfollowedby et

al. and the year.

Mussen,P.,Rosenzwe ig,M. R.,Aronson,E.,Elk ind,D.,

Feshbach,S.,Geiwitz,P.J.,et al.(1973).Psychology:Anintroduction.Lexington,MA: Heath.

Providesurnamesand initialsup-to andincluding

seven authors.

Book - 8 or more authors (Hutchingset al., 2009)

Citeonly the surname of the first authorfollowedby et

al. and the year forfirst and subsequentcitations.

Hutchings,D.,Poliness,S.,Leggat,I. K.,Nemeth,T.,West,

A.,Ngo,A.,. . . Mascilongo,J. (2009). Howto use a

library. St. Albans,Melbourne:Victoria UniversityPress.

Includethe first six authors' names, followedby

three dots (. . .), then add the last author's

Book no author (TheCCHMac quarie dictionaryof business, 1993)OR

As defined in The CCHMacquarie dictionaryof business (1993).The CCHMa cquariedictionaryofbusiness.(1993).NorthRyde, NewSouth Wales:CCHAustralia.Thetitle isused inthe authorposit ionifthere are

no named authors oreditors.

Book editor(s) (Healey, 2006) Hea ley,J. E.(Ed.).(2006). Australianidentityandvalues.Thirroul,New SouthWales:SpinneyPress.

Use(Eds.)formultipleeditors.

Chapterinan editedbook (Bauman, 2005) Bauman,Z.(2005). Timeand class.In P.Leist yna(Ed.),Cultu ralstudies:Fromtheorytoactio n(pp.56-67). Ma lden,MA:BlackwellPub.

E-Book (Towl, 2007) Towl,G.(2007). PsychologyinPrisons.Ret rievedfrom ht tp://ww w.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/choice/?mode=publiccat alog

If no DOI (digital object identifier) is available include

the URL of the E-Book. If no DOI is available for

E-Books accessed via the Librarydatabases, use the

URL of the publishershomepage.

http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/http://www.public.eblib.com/EBLWeb/

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APA A QUICK GUIDE TO REFERENCINGIN-TEXT EXAMP LE REFERENCELIST EXAMPL E

JOURNALS

Journalarticlesingleauthor (Aranda, 2008) Aranda,S. (2008). Designingnursingint ervent ions.Collegian,15(1), 19-25.

Journalarticle

3, 4 or 5 authors(Aoun, Kristjanson, Oldham & Currow, 2008)

Cite all of the authors the first time the reference occurs.

In subsequent citations include only the surname ofthe first

author followed by et al. and the year.

(Aoun et al., 2008)

Aoun,S.,Kristjanson,L.,Oldham,L.,& Currow,D.

(2008). A qualitativeinvest igationof thepalliative

carenee dsof terminallyillpeoplewholivealone.

Collegian,15(1), 3-9.

Includeall of the authors inthe reference list.

Electronic journalarticle

with DOI (digital object

identifier) assigned

3, 4 or 5 authors

(Stice, Marti,Spoor,Presnell, & Shaw, 2008)

Cite all of the authors the first time the reference occurs.

In subsequent citations include only the surname ofthe first

author followed by et al. and the year:

(Stice et al., 2008)

Stice,E.,Marti,C.,Spoor,S.,Presne ll,K.,& Shaw, H.

(2008). Dissonanceand healthyweighteating

disorderprevent ion programs :Long-termeffects

from a randomizedeffica cytrial .JournalofConsultingandClinicalPsychology,76,329-340.doi :10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.329

If a DOIisavailableit isincludedat the end ofthe

citation.Thedatabase name and URLare not

required.

No retrievaldate isincludedas the contentofthe

article isnot likelyto be changedorupdated.

If no a e numbersare dis la ed ara ra h or

PLEASENOTE:FORMOREDETAILSONHOWTOCITEMULTIPLEAUTHORS,

PLEASEREFERTOEXAMPLESIN'BOOKS'SECTIONONTHEPREVIOUSPAGEOFTHISGUIDE.

Electronic journalarticle

No DOI assigned

(Bowen, 2008)

OR

Bowen (2008) concludes.

Bowen,S. (2008,). Beyondse lf-assessment-

assessing organizat ionalculturalresponsiveness.JournalofCultu ralDiv ersity,15, 7-15.Ret rievedfromhttp://ww w.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htm

If no DOI is available include the URL of the journal

homepage.

If no page numbers are displayed, paragraph or section

numbers may be used.

SECONDARYSOURCESWhen you are referringto the

ideas or words of an authorwho has been cited in another

author's work

Benner describes intuition (as cited in Miller and Babcock,

1996)Name the original work in the text of your paper and give a

citation for the secondarysource.

Miller,M. A.,& Babc ock,D.E.(1996). Critica lthinking

app lie dto nursing.St. Louis,MO:Mosby .

Provide a reference for the book or article that you

actually read.

http://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htmhttp://www.tuckerpub.com/jcd.htm

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APA A QUICK GUIDE TO REFERENCINGIN -TEXT EXAMP LE REFERENCELIST EX AMP LE

OTHER ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

Newspaper articleonline (Davidson, 2008) Davidson,K.(2008, Nov ember10). Timeto spendbig on infrast ructure.TheAge. Retrievedfromhttp:

//ww w.thea e.com.au

Internetdocument

organisation as author(The Australian Psychological Society, 2008) TheAustralianPsychologicalSociety.(2008).Understanding

and managing anxiety.RetrievedNovember5, 2008fromht tp://ww w.psychology.org.au/pub lic at ion s/

tip_sheets/anxiety

Include the date an electronic source was retrieved if

the content is likely to be changed orupdated.

Internetdocument -

governmentdepartmentas

author

(Australian Institute of Health a nd Welfare, 2008)

Organisational names may be abbreviated in subsequent

citations where the abbreviation is familiar or readily

understood:(AIHW, 2008)

AustralianInstituteofHealthand Welfare.(2008).

Australia'shealth2008. Retrievedfromhttp://www.aihw.gov.au/

Internetdocument no author

no date(Whatis holistic medicine?, n.d.)

If the author is not identified use the title of the resource.

Whatisholisticmedicine?(n.d.). RetrievedSeptember20, 2006 from http://ww w.holist icmed.com/

whatis.html

Use n.d. (no date) when a publication date is not

available.

Include the date an electronic source was retrieved if

the content is likely to be changed orupdated.

Document on Victoria UniversityE-Reserve (Clancy, 2006)

Clancy,D.(2006).E

ducationin

Aust

r

alia:Week3 lecturenotes. Retrievedfrom VictoriaUniversit y

E-ReserveWeb site:ht tp://library.vu.edu.au/

search/r?SEARCH=Ass1013

Image on the internet (Stanford Prison Experiment, 2007) StanfordPrisonExperiment[Image](2007).RetrievedOctober 16, 2009 from

http://ww w.flick r.com/photos/

futursimple/2435590398/

Includethe retrievaldate only ifthe image is

likel to be chan ed oru d at ed .Photograph on the internet (Caire, 1880) Ca ire,N.J.(1880). Westernentranceto Me lbo urne

InternationalExhibition[PhotographID:AB713-1-8710].Retrievedfrom ht tp://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/

holdingsInfo?bibId=1719334

Include the retrieval date only if the image is likely to

be c hanged or updated.

Videoblog post

(For example, youtube)(Hall, 2007) Hall, A.(2007, December20). StudyingatOxford

Unive rsity.[Videofi le].Videoretrievedfromhttp://

ww w.youtube.com/watch?v=vxAU88LxLis

http://www.theage.com.au/http://www.theage.com.au/http://www.theage.com.au/http://www.theage.com.au/http://www.theage.com.au/http://www.theage.com.au/http://www.theage.com.au/http://www.theage.com.au/http://www.theage.com.au/http://www.theage.com.au/http://www.theage.com.au/http://www.theage.com.au/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.aihw.gov.au/http://www.aihw.gov.au/http://www.aihw.gov.au/http://www.aihw.gov.au/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://www.youtube.com/watchhttp://www.youtube.com/watchhttp://www.youtube.com/watchhttp://www.youtube.com/watchhttp://www.youtube.com/watchhttp://www.youtube.com/watchhttp://www.youtube.com/watchhttp://www.youtube.com/watchhttp://www.youtube.com/watchhttp://www.youtube.com/watchhttp://www.youtube.com/watchhttp://www.youtube.com/watchhttp://catalogue.slv.vic.gov.au/vwebv/http://www.flickr.com/photos/http://library.vu.edu.au/http://www.holisticmed.com/http://www.aihw.gov.au/http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/http://www.theage.com.au/