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environment on Novell¨ NetWare¨ 6

Apache/Tomcatas a Java development

Apache/Tomcat as a Javadevelopment environment on Novell NetWare 6

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I N F R A S T R U C T U R E S U P P O RT F O RW E B - B A S E D S E RV I C E S

C O N F I G U R I N G A PA C H E / TO M C AT A S A J AVA D E V E L O P M E N TE N V I R O N M E N T O N N E T WA R E 6

S T E P 1 . P R E - I M P L E M E N TAT I O NP L A N N I N G

S T E P 2 . D E T E R M I N E T H EC O N F I G U R AT I O N O F Y O U RN E T WA R E 6 S E RV E R

S T E P 3 . C R E AT E A D E D I C AT E DI N S TA N C E O F A PA C H E I NP R O T E C T E D S PA C E

S T E P 4 . C O N F I G U R E A NA D D I T I O N A L I N S TA N C E O F TO M C AT

A D D I T I O N A L I N F O R M AT I O N

tableof

contents

Configuring Apache/Tomcat onNovell NetWare 6

2

iNfrastructure

servicessupport

for Web-based

C O N F I G U R I N G A PA C H E / TO M C AT A S A

J AVA D E V E L O P M E N T E N V I R O N M E N T

O N N E T WA R E 6

Apache/Tomcat in combination with NetWare 6

provides a reliable and high performance

environment for the development and deployment

of Java applications. This guide provides a

step-by-step procedure for configuring an

Apache/Tomcat development and deployment

environment on a NetWare 6 server.

Novell highly recommends that you configure

the Apache/Tomcat application development and

deployment environment on a NetWare 6 server

that is dedicated to that purpose. By separating

your development and deployment environment,

you minimize the possibility of interference

between your development environment and the

NetWare 6 management infrastructure. In addition,

you donÕt interrupt the production environment

every time you bring down and restart (ÒbounceÓ)

the development environment. Because Apache

has a small memory footprint and is easy on

system resources, running multiple instances

of Apache has only minimal impact on the

NetWare 6 server.

NOTE: Tomcat also works with the Novell

Enterprise Server and the combination

offers a highly efficient Web environment.

ThatÕs because the Novell Enterprise Server

takes full advantage of the multi-processing

capabilities of NetWare 6 and has been optimized

for NetWare 6 in a number of areas including

Novell¨ NetWare¨ 6 includes a combination of the Apache Web Server, and the Tomcat

servlet and JSP container. Tomcat is the official reference implementation for the Java

Servlet and JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology. It brings Java application capability to

the Apache Web Server.

Novell has incorporated Apache/Tomcat into NetWare 6 to provide infrastructure

support for many of the new Novell Web-based services such as iFolder, Web Access and

iManage. NetWare 6 installs four Apache/Tomcat components by default:

¥ Apache 1.3.2.0 for NetWare 6

¥ Tomcat 3.2.2 for NetWare 6

¥ Tomcat 3.3 for NetWare 6

¥ Java Virtual Machine 1.3 for NetWare 6


3

memory caching. This guide, however,

focuses on the Apache/Tomcat combination.

S T E P 1 . P R E - I M P L E M E N TAT I O N

P L A N N I N G

First, you need to decide how to configure your

Java development environment. You have three

configuration options:

¥ Standalone containers

¥ Out-of-process containers

¥ In-process containers

Because of its fast performance and ease of

configuration, Novell recommends configuring your

development and deployment environment in the

in-process containers configuration. As a result,

this guide presents the procedure for configuring

Apache/Tomcat in the in-process containers

configuration only. Descriptions of the other two

configurations are included for completeness.

Standalone Containers

Tomcat works well as a standalone container.

(A standalone servlet container provides Web or

http services in direct response to requests for

Web pages, servlets and Java server pages.)

In this configuration, Tomcat renders all static

html, images and formats as well as business

processes executed through Java services.

The Web server is not involved.

With this configuration, access would be

through a port other than port 80 (typically port

8080). This could result in conflicts with other

services, such as Novell BorderManager services,

that also use Port 8080; however, you will be

implementing the in-process containers

configuration for your development and

deployment environment, and running the

environment in a separate server partition.

So you donÕt have to worry about this potential

port conflict.

Out-of-process Containers

This configuration option involves the utilization

of two memory spaces. The first memory space

supports the Web server and the Java Plug-in.

The second memory space supports the Java

Virtual Machine (JVM) and the servlet container.

In this configuration, the Web server(s)

could be running on another platform that

may be NetWare or another operating system

such as Solaris, AIX or Linux. By running Tomcat

and the JVM on NetWare 6, you leverage the

multi-processing capabilities of NetWare 6.

Communication between the plug-in and the

container usually occurs over TCP/IP. In some

Java application servers, however, communication

may use another protocol such as IIOP or a

proprietary protocol.

There is both an advantage and a disadvantage

to the out-of-process containers configuration.

Advantage: By separating the presentation task

from the business logic and running the

business logic elsewhere, you off-load much

of the processing that would otherwise

be performed by your servlet container.

This increases scalability and reliability.

Disadvantage: The servlets must use an

external protocol to communicate between

the two memory spaces. This could negatively

impact performance.

Server, you will have one instance of Apache

running in kernel space, the Novell Enterprise

server also running in kernel space, and one

instance of Apache running in protected space.

NOTE: If your goal is a simple uncluttered

development environment, Novell recommends

that you select Express Install.

You can use the NetWare server console to

determine the configuration of your NetWare 6

server. You can access the console either directly

from the server, or you can access it remotely

through your Web browser using the NetWare

Web Manager utility. To use this utility, you must

either have rights to it or be logged in as NetWare

Admin. You must also use the secure socket mode

or you will be denied access.

To access the NetWare 6 server console from

your Web browser, perform the following steps:

1. Enter https://[hostname] or https://[IP

address]:2200. You will be prompted for a

user name and password.

2. Enter your user name and password.

In response, the browser will display the

NetWare Web Manager opening screen.

The access options displayed will vary

depending on the installation choices you

made during the NetWare 6 setup.

3. Click on NetWare Remote Manager.

The browser will display the Remote

Manager screen.

4. Select the Console option under the Manage

Server heading on the left side of the screen.

The browser will display on the right side of

4


In-process Containers

In this configuration, the servlet container runs

in the same memory space as the Web server,

so they both run on the same physical hardware

under NetWare 6. The Tomcat plug-in negotiates

the interaction between the two processes.

Performance is fast because this configuration takes

full advantage of the highly efficient NetWare 6

operating system. This guide assumes you have

selected the in-process containers configuration.

S T E P 2 . D E T E R M I N E T H E

C O N F I G U R AT I O N O F Y O U R

N E T WA R E 6 S E RV E R

Before configuring a new instance of

Apache/Tomcat running in protected space,

you should determine the instances of Apache

currently running on your NetWare 6 server.

This is because you need to ensure that the new

instance of Apache/Tomcat that you implement

does not conflict with existing instances.

To determine the instances of Apache

currently running on your NetWare 6 server,

you need to determine the configuration of the

server. The configuration will vary depending on

the options you selected when you originally

installed NetWare 6.

If you selected the Express Install option,

you will have one instance of Apache running in

kernel space and one instance of Tomcat configured

to run with the Java Virtual Machine 1.3 for

NetWare 6. If you did not select Express Install,

the configuration will vary depending on the

product options you chose. For example, if you

chose iFolder and the Novell Enterprise Web

5

the screen all currently running programs.

You should see, at a minimum, that Tomcat is

running. You may or may not see the Apache

or Novell Web Server running.

5. Click on Console Screens on the right side

of the window. That opens a remote display

of the NetWare server console on your

browser. From this point on, you operate

just as if you were sitting at the local

NetWare server console.

To determine the configuration of your server:

¥ Enter the command [m apache] at the

command prompt on the local or remote

NetWare server console. The console displays

a screen that indicates all the instances of

Apache running on the server in both kernel

and protected space. You will probably see

one instance of Apache running in Kernel

space. You may also see one or more instances

of Apache running in protected space.

NOTE: If you enter [ctrl Ð escape] instead of

[m apache], the console will display a

selection of open screens. This, however,

may or may not represent the complete

story in that the instance of Apache

configured for kernel space by default

is not displayed.

S T E P 3 . C R E AT E A D E D I C AT E D

I N S TA N C E O F A PA C H E I N

P R O T E C T E D S PA C E

To simplify the process of loading the new instance

of Apache in protected space, Novell recommends

that you create two ncf files: one for starting the

Apache server and one for stopping it. You can

create these files using almost any text editor,

including the NetWare console editor and the

GUI editor included with NetWare 6.

To create the startup file, enter the line:

Load address space = apache apache.nlm

into the text editor and save the file to

the Apache directory as startfilename.ncf,

where startfilename is any file name

you choose.

To create the stop file, enter the line:

unload address space = apache apache.nlm

into the text editor and save the file to

the Apache directory as stopfilename.ncf,

where stopfilename is any file name

you choose.

By using these ncf files to start and stop the

additional instance of Apache, you help ensure that

you bring down the correct instance of Apache when

you need to bounce your development Web server.

S T E P 4 . C O N F I G U R E A N A D D I T I O N A L

I N S TA N C E O F TO M C AT

You also need to configure an additional instance

of Tomcat dedicated to your development and

deployment environment. There are three major

reasons to do this:

¥ You minimize the possibility of interference

between your development environment and

the NetWare 6 management infrastructure.

¥ You do not interrupt the production

environment every time you bounce the

development environment.


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¥ You enable servlet and JSP development

to take advantage of auto configuration,

much of which uses the auto-configuration

capabilities of Tomcat and its ability to

deploy Web ARchive (WAR) files. (Tomcat in

NetWare 6 is configured by default to support

the management infrastructure of NetWare 6

utilizing static files.)

To configure an additional instance of Tomcat,

you need to edit a few files.

NOTE: Novell recommends you take a careful look

at the port configuration of the server before

you begin making changes. If at installation

time you elected to install all the product

options available on your NetWare 6 server,

you may have ports configured of which you

are unaware. In addition, if you chose to

use more than one IP address on your server,

you may also have multiple instances of the

same ports associated with different IP

addresses on that server.

You can use the TCPCON utility from the server

console (either local or remote) to determine

which ports are in use on your NetWare 6 server.

To do so, enter the following sequence of

commands at the console command prompt:

1. TCPCON

2. Protocol Information

3. TCP

4. TCP Connections

5. Enter

6. Down arrow

In response, the console displays a screen that

indicates the ports in use on the NetWare 6 server.

Edit the adminserv.conf File

By default, NetWare 6 configures Tomcat to work

in tandem with Apache as a management interface

for the Novell Enterprise Web Server. The ncf file

that brings up the first instance of Apache is

[nvxadmup]. If you type Apache at the NetWare

console to restart Apache after stopping it,

it will invoke a different configuration file for

the first instance of Apache and that will cause

your management interfaces to cease operation.

So remember to use [nvxadmup] when working with

the management instance of Apache. To prevent

potential conflicts, you should create a new ncf

file with a different name. This new file will be

used to bring up the new instance of Tomcat that

will be associated with your second Apache that

you will use for development.

The nvxadmup.ncf (located in the NetWare 6

System directory) invokes the configuration

file adminserv.conf. You need to edit the

adminserv.conf file using the following procedure:

1. Navigate to a drive mapping that gives you

access to the NetWare 6 server. You will see

an Apache directory on the sys: volume.

2. Locate and then navigate to the conf sub

directory from the Apache directory.

3. Using a text editor, open adminserv.conf

and comment out the Port 80 configuration.

(This configuration causes the first instance of

Apache to listen on Port 80.) Commenting out

the configuration frees up Port 80 to permit


7

Edit the workers.properties File

Because you changed the port designations

in server.xml, you will also need to change the

port designations in the workers.properties file:

1. From your network drive mapping,

select the workers.properties file in the

Tomcat\33\conf\jk directory.

NOTE: Be careful not to confuse the

workers.properties file with the

nwworkers.properties file that references

your management configuration.

2. Open the workers.properties file in the

editor and go down approximately 85 lines

into the file.

3. Change the entry located under

#--------DEFAULT ajp12 WORKER DEFINITION

--------# for worker.ajp12 from port 8007

to port 8017.

4. Change the entry located under

#--------DEFAULT ajp13 WORKER DEFINITION

--------# for worker.ajp13 from port 8009

to port 8019. (This is the entry following

the one you modified in the previous step.)

5. Save the file

Edit the tomcat33.ncf File

Next, edit the tomcat33.ncf file:

1. From your network drive mapping,

select the tomcat33.ncf file in the

Tomcat\33\bin directory.

2. Open the file in the editor and go to the

last line in the file.

3. Change the end of the last line from

[nwserver.xml] to [server.xml].


the second instance of Apache to listen on it.

(The first instance of Apache also listens

on Port 2200.)

USEFUL TIP: Use double sharps when

commenting so you can distinguish

your comments from those made by

someone else.

4. Save the file

Edit the server.xml file

Next, you must edit the server.xml file located in

the Tomcat/33/conf directory:

1. From the text editor, open the server.xml file

in the Tomcat\33\conf directory.

NOTE: Be careful not to confuse the server.xml

file with the nwserver.xml file that controls

some of the configuration settings for your

management instance of Apache.

2. Do a search on [8009] and replace it with a

port designation of 8019. (Port 8019 should

be available on your server.) NetWare Remote

Manager is configured to run on Port 8009 and

would conflict with one of the Tomcat AJP13

workers when you bring up the second

instance of Tomcat.

NOTE: Although it is probably not in use,

you may also want to change the port

designation 8007 (located a few lines

above 8009) to 8017 just for consistency.

3. Search for ApacheConfig,forward All = ÒtrueÓ

and uncomment this line.

4. Save the file.

8

4. Save the file under a new name.

NOTE: Be careful not to overwrite the

original tomcat33.ncf file.)

Edit the httpd.conf File

Next, edit the httpd.conf file:

1. From your network drive mapping select the

httpd.conf file in the Apache\conf directory,

which is in the Apache directory.

2. Open the file in the editor and go to the

bottom of the file.

3. Add the following line to the bottom of

the file:

Include sys:/tomcat/33/conf/auto/

mod_jk.conf

NOTE: This edit enables Apache to hand off

requests involving servlets and JSP pages

to Tomcat. This requires a plug-in called

mod_JK. The necessary mappings are

created when you start the Tomcat

servlet/JSP engine. The startup process

creates a new file called mod_JK.conf in

the sys:/tomcat/33/conf/auto directory.

4. Save the file.

At this point, you need to stop and restart

both Tomcat and Apache to reinitialize

the system. Restart Tomcat first and then

Apache because Apache needs to read the

configuration information that is created in

the mod_jk.conf file. When the system restarts,

you should see the new mod_JK.conf file that

has been created.

You should now test your configuration:

1. Open your browser and enter either the IP

address of your server or its hostname and

then type /examples after it. This should

bring up the Tomcat servlet/JSP examples

page, which displays two sample categories,

one for servlets and the other for JSPs.

(If the page doesnÕt display, check to make

sure that both Apache and Tomcat are

running, and that you have a mapping to

the examples page that was generated in

the mod_jk.conf file.)

2. Select the jsp/ category. A page that contains

several JSP examples should display. You can

execute a JSP from this page and also see the

source code for the page.

3. Select the date JSP and click execute.

A page should display that shows date

information, including day of month, year,

time, date, day of week, day of year, week

of year, and zone offset.

Congratulations, you have just created a Java development and employment environment that

takes full advantage of the efficiency, fast performance and high reliability of NetWare 6. Now your

developers can work in a protected environment that they can bounce at will, without disturbing any

other services on the server.


9


A D D I T I O N A L I N F O R M AT I O N

For additional information on day-to-day management of Novell NetWare, product features, Q&A, etc.

please see the following links:

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For more information on the Tomcat Plugin for http://jakarta.apache.org/builds/jakarta-tomcat/release/v3.3-rc1/src/Apache on NetWare, please see:

Product Information: http://www.novell.com/products/netware/producinfo.html

NetWare Documentation: http://www.novell.com/documentation/lg/nw51/docui/index.html

Novell Cool Solutions: http://www.novell.com/coolsolutions/netware/

Developer Notes: http://developer.novell.com

App Notes: http://developer.novell.com/research/index.htm

Customer Support Knowledge Base: http://support.novell.com/search/kb_index.jsp

Novell Developer Kit (NDK): http://developer.novell.com/ndk/doc.htm

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Novell Connections Magazine: http://www.nwconnection.com

© 2001 Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.Novell and NetWare are registeredtrademarks of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries.

*All other third-party trademarks arethe property of their respective owners.

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Contact your local

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Last updated October 2, 2001

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