Worldview: Apache Indians

Alejandra, Jessica, Qing, Mac, Abd

● Arizona

● Texas

● New Mexico

● Oklahoma

Apaches Migration

Modern Day Reservation Sites

Name and Lifestyle● Name

○ Apache taken from Zuni word ápachu, word for enemy

○ Mapache, Spanish word for raccoon

● Nomadic

○ Weren’t used to settling in one place

● Food

○ Hunting

○ Help of horses

○ Crops

Apache Woman

Apache Woman in the Past Modern Apache Woman

Apache Man

Apache Man in the Past Modern Apache Man

Apache Children

Apache Children in the Past Modern Apache Children

Demographics

● Total Apache Population: 50, 051

○ Apache: 30, 625

○ Jicarilla Apache: 2,615

○ Mescalero Apache: 3, 936

○ San Carlos Apache: 2,2234

○ White Mountain Apache: 9,265

Ontological Belief

● Spirituality

○ Mountain Spirit Dances

Epistemological Beliefs

Religious Faith & Mysticism

Religious/ Spiritual Beliefs

● One main Creator, Ussen

● Ga’ns: Mountain Spirits

● Medicine Men and Women

● Staying Clean

Ethical Teachings

● Pray

● Tolerance

● Be yourself

● Consideration for guests

● Against Larceny

● Coming of Age Ceremony

Core Values

● Faith

● Strength

● Endurance

● Courage

● Community

Social Beliefs

● significance of silence

● code of honor

Apaches and Larger Society

● “Dynamic Inclusivity”

○ Trade

○ Intermarriage - expanding alliance

○ Incorporation of captives

Apaches and Larger Society

1800s

● encroachment by settlers

● reduced hunting ground

● Raid and loot

● War with U.S.

Rituals, Ceremonies,Practices

Marriage and Burial Customs

According to Geronimo:

● respectful mourning for warriors

● widow can remarry

● simple marriage ceremony

Medicine Making - Geronimo

● well trusted

○ taught by Usen in the beginning

● usually 8 men

○ incantations

○ herb preparation

● involved cutting out bullets, arrows, etc.

Coming of Age Ceremony

Mountain Spirit Dance

Cultural Background

● Apaches originally came from regions well north of the border.

● They migrated from Canada.

● In search of buffalo herds.

● Built a new economic and social structure.

Apache Post Agrarian-Pre Urban Industrial

● By 1700 they dominated the western sections of the southern plains.

● Challenged Spaniards for control of the political economy of the Southwest.

● They prospered outside the Spanish colonial system.

● Created new methods of production and expanding or contracting sociopolitical structures to meet economic demands.

Integration within a Wider Society

● Married partners from other tribes.

● Apaches began to allow a social mobility which impacted the

assimilation process.

Apache Influence● Apaches had a great influence on other Nations

○ Several Factors

○ Socio-economic patterns offered by Apaches

● Economic exchange with the Spanish invaders.

● Apaches had needed goods to trade.

● Apaches were not simply the brutal, cruel people of Spanish folklore.

● Used inter-racial marriage to expand alliances.

Apache Wealth

● Nomadic people by nature.

● Roamed plains for buffalo.

● Inhabited large area of western Texas, adjacent New Mexico, and northern Mexico.

● Spanish explorers first recorded encounters in 1581

Nomads

Evolution of Cultural Misperceptions

● Apaches became adept as warriors, desert survivors, courage, and endurance were highly valued.

● They were also a gentle, affectionate people that valued their children and future generations the most.

Apache Oppression Begins

● By mid 1880's the U.S. Military engaged in fierce battles with the Indians.

● U.S. military went to war against many western tribes.

● The intentional killing of women and children infuriated Apache warriors.

War and Instability

● The U.S. military fought the Navajos and Apaches largely for their lands.

● General James Carleton decided to remove the Navajos and Apaches, so that the land could be used for settlement and mining.

● Genocide tactics of starvation and bounties placed upon the Apaches.

Video

Concerns & Problems

● Poverty

● Alienation

● Alcoholism

● Loss of cultural identity

Concerns & Problems

Concerns & Problems

● Reservation segregation

● Reservation isolation

Questions?

Comments?

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