APA Journal STYLE and APA Journal STYLE and FORMATFORMAT

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Lecture by : Dr. M.FAHAD Ullah

How to Write and Publish Scientific Papers ?

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When do a researcher /scientist writes a scientific manuscript (article)

Thinks of an idea /hypothesis

Execute the idea for the research (Experiments)

Obtain the results

Plans to share the results with scientific community

Writes a manuscript

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American Psychological Association American Psychological Association (APA) Style(APA) Style

A set of rules to standardize the writing procedure for scientific publications.

It is designed: To ensure clarity of communication To move idea forward ( minimum of

distraction and maximum of precision)

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Title PageAbstractIntroduction MethodResultsDiscussionReferencesAppendices

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TITLE PAGETITLE PAGE

Title: summarizes the main idea of the paper(10 to 12 words recommended length)

Authors (Persons contributing to the generation of the manuscript)

Affiliation

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ABSTRACTABSTRACT The Problem ( one sentence) Participants(important characteristics) Methods ( Instrumentation, procedures

and techniques) Findings ( Statistical significance) Conclusion and Implication

(application) Must not exceed 120 words

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A Good Abstract:A Good Abstract:

Self-containedConcise and specificCoherent and readable

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Develop the background ( review of related literature)

The purpose and rationale Significance of the study Conceptual and theoretical framework Statement of the problem

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METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGYHow the study was conductedIdentify subsectionsParticipants or subjectsApparatus & MaterialsProcedure

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RESULTSRESULTS

Summarizes the data and statistical analyses

Report data in sufficient detail Mention all relevant results Raw data or individual scores should not be included

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RESULTSRESULTS

Tables and FiguresStatistical PresentationInformationaly adequate statistics (Statistical significance)

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DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION Start the section with clear statement of the support or nonsupport for original hypothesis

Similarities and differences between the results and the work of others should clarify and confirm the conclusion

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DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION

Acknowledge limitationAddress alternative explanation of results

End the discussion with commentary on the importance of the findings

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REFERENCESREFERENCES Arranged alphabetically by family

names of the authors. E.g.Format: Author (year).Title, Journal,

Volume (issue), pages Acheson, K. A. & Gall, M. D. (1997). Techniques

in the clinical supervision of teachers: Preservice and in-service applications. 4th ed. NY: Longman.

Andrews, R & Soder, R. (1987), Principal instructional leadership and school achievement, Educational Leadership, 44 (6), 9-20.

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APPENDICESAPPENDICES

Allows author to provide reader with detailed information

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APPENDICESAPPENDICES

Common kinds of appendices include:

Mathematical proofLarge tableList of wordsA sample of questionnaireOther survey instrumentComputer program

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References:References:

http://www.apastyle.org http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

A_Manual_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers,_Theses,_and_Dissertations http://en.wilkipedia.org/wiki/American Psychological Association http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACS_style http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP_Stylebook http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Elements_of_Style http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Elements_of_Typographic_Style http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_690 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHRA_Style_Guide http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

The_MLA_Handbook_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_MLA_Style_Manual

httpen.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Manual_of_Style_and_ Usage://

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hart%27s_Rules http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_style

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Format. single, unindented, double-spaced paragraph.

Length. must not exceed 120 words.

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Guidelines in ReferencesGuidelines in References

Journal ArticleJournal ArticleMurzynski, J., & Degelman, D. (2008). Body

language of women and judgments of vulnerability to sexual assault. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 117-136.

BookBookPaloutzian, R. F. (2008). Invitation to the

psychology of religion (2nd ed.). Boston: Allen and Bacon.

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Guidelines in ReferencesGuidelines in ReferencesWeb Document on Web SiteWeb Document on Web Site

Degelman, D., & Harris, M. L. (2008). APA style essentials. Retrieved May 18, 2009, from Vanguard University, Department of Psychology Web site: http://vanguard.edu/faculty/ddegelman/index.cfm?doc_id=796

Stand-alone Web document (no date)Stand-alone Web document (no date)

Nielsen, M.E. (n.d.). Notable people in psychology of religion. Retrieved August 3, 2007, from http://www.psywww.com/psyrelig/psyrelpr.html

Stand-alone Web document (no author, no date)Stand-alone Web document (no author, no date)

Gender and Society. (n.d.). Retrieved December 3, 2008, from http://www.trinity.edu/~mkearl/gender.html

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Guidelines in ReferencesGuidelines in ReferencesJournal article from databaseJournal article from database

Hien, D., & Honeyman, T. (2000). A closer look at the drug abuse-maternal aggression link. Journal of interpersonal Violence, 15, 503-522. Retrieved May 20, 2000, from ProQuest database.

Abstract from secondary databaseAbstract from secondary database

Garrity, K., & Degelman, D. (2009). Effect of server introduction on restaurant tipping. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 168-172. Abstract retrieved July 23, 2001 from PsycINFO database.

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Guidelines in ReferencesGuidelines in ReferencesManualManualAmerican Psychiatric Association. (2000).

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: John Lennon.

Unpublished Thesis/DissertationUnpublished Thesis/DissertationCarpio, D. M. (2003). Performance of

productivity of the education graduates of the University of the Assumption. Unpublished Master’s Thesis: University of the Assumption, City of San Fernando.

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Any question?

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