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APA for Health Care & Dental Programs @ TCC 1 APA GUIDE for Health Care and Dental Programs Prepared by Tallahassee Community College Libraries August 2017 Edition

Transcript of APA GUIDE - tcc.fl.edu · APA GUIDE for Health Care and Dental Programs Prepared by Tallahassee...

APA for Health Care & Dental Programs @ TCC

1

APA GUIDE

for

Health Care and Dental Programs

Prepared by Tallahassee Community College Libraries

August 2017 Edition

APA for Health Care & Dental Programs @ TCC

TABLE OF CONTENTS

RESEARCH PAPER: Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

PLAGIARISM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

PARENTHETICAL DOCUMENTATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

BOOKS: General Citation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

CITATION EXAMPLES: Books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Books [Print] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Books [Electronic] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

CITATION EXAMPLES: Articles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Articles [Library Databases]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Articles [Print]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

CITATION EXAMPLES: Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..15

CITATION EXAMPLES: Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

SAMPLE REFERENCES PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

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Title Page Text Format

References Page:

Running head: TITLE 1

Title of Paper

Student Name

Instructor Name

Course

Date

Name of College

[Entire Document Double Spaced]

o All margins are 1” (top, bottom, & sides).

o Always double space.

o Do not ‘right-justify’ margins; use ‘left-justify’.

o Do not divide [hyphenate] words at end of line.

o Indentions are 5-7 spaces from left margin.

o APA recommends Times Roman in 12 pt. font.

o Page numbering begins on title page in upper right corner.

o Capitalize all words in the title on pages following the title page. The words “Running head” are not used after the title page.

TITLE 8

References

Alphabetical list of sources. Lines

that run over are indented.

Double-spaced. No blank lines

between entries.

See the rest of this guide for help

constructing citations.

The “Running head” is the title of the paper at the top of each page, including the title page, and in uppercase letters. Titles should be no more than 10 words.

Do not underline, italicize, use

quotation marks, or all capital

letters for the title on body of the

Title Page itself.

References

o Begin reference list on a page by itself

o Center the word “References” at the top of the

page. Do not bold or underline it.

o The first line of each reference is flush with left

margin and subsequent lines are indented. This is

called a “hanging indent.”

o Alphabetize the list.

o Begin with the book or article title if no author.

o Double-space all entries. Do not leave a blank

line between entries.

o Do not ‘right justify’ margins; use ‘left justify’

o Leave one space after a period.

o No punctuation after a web address [URL]

o See sample on the last page of this guide.

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APA for Healthcare Programs (HCP)

August 2017 edition

At Tallahassee Community College, many courses include written reports, term papers, presentations and/or creative projects that require research. A research paper which is based on facts and opinions derived from sources outside the writer’s experience must be identified with the text and in a bibliography at the end of the paper. These citations give authority to the content of the paper and appear at the end of the paper in a list called “References.” APA style [American Psychological Association] was established to be the format for journals

published by the American Psychological Association but other disciplines have adopted it as

the format for course assignments. APA is the primary style used in healthcare courses. This

guide is designed specifically for programs offered by the Ghazvini Center for Healthcare

Education and Dental programs on Main Campus.

This guide is meant to be a brief introduction to APA style; therefore, the examples represent

only a small sample of all the various information types that could be used. For additional

citation examples or information regarding APA style, consult the Publication Manual of the

American Psychological Association (6th edition). This guide does not preclude using the book.

PLAGIARISM

The stealing of words and/or ideas of another and representing them as your own is plagiarism.

TCC’s “Standards of Conduct” defines plagiarism as “the use, by paraphrase or direct quotation,

of the published or unpublished work of another person without full and clear acknowledgment”

(Student Code of Conduct). Any student found guilty of plagiarism is subject to disciplinary

sanction as defined within the “TCC Student Code of Conduct.”

Paraphrasing means taking another person’s words and restating the information into your own

words as they relate to your thesis. Paraphrased ideas must be attributed by using both a

parenthetical note and a full citation.

Examples:

Direct Quote and Cited: Use “quotation marks” to signal that you are using someone else’s words.

Studies show that “vegetarians live six to ten years longer than meat-eaters because a plant-based diet provides protection against heart disease, cancer, strokes, and obesity” (Robbins, 2009, p.46).

Paraphrased and No Citation = Plagiarism Research clearly shows that a plant-based diet can protect against numerous diseases and increase longevity.

Paraphrased and Cited: Research clearly shows that a plant-based diet can protect against numerous diseases and increase longevity (Robbins, 2009, p. 46).

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Any information used within a research paper, whether quoted or paraphrased, must include a

parenthetical citation which will correspond to a citation on the References page. The

parenthetical citation is a brief reference to the original source.

If you paraphrase information, only the author’s last name and publication year are

needed.

Planning the care of patients requires the ability to assess patients, diagnose problems,

plan goals and interventions, and evaluate progress (Barrett, 2012).

If you are citing a direct quote, you need to include a page number or paragraph number

that shows the exact location within the source.

Nursing care for all core clinical areas must include “the ability to assess patients,

diagnose problems, plan goals and interventions, and evaluate progress” (Barrett, 2012,

p. 67).

Placement of Author’s Name and Year of Publication

If the last name of the author is in your paper’s text, put the year of publication after it.

Osborne (2011) noted the relationship between diet and dental caries among

If your paper’s text does not include the name of the author, put the last name and year of

publication in the same parentheses at the end of the sentence.

New therapeutic opportunities offer better respiratory care (Zimmer, 2009).

One Work by Two Authors

Cite both last names each time the source is cited in your text. Join the names with ‘and’ if they

are in your text. If the names are used parenthetically, use ‘&’ between them.

Morgan and Johnson (2010) recommended reducing the item size of food as a

prevention strategy for countering obesity-promoting eating behaviors.

countering obesity-promoting eating behaviors (Morgan & Johnson, 2010).

One Work by Three, Four, or Five Authors

Cite all of the authors’ names the first time in the text but if cited again, include only the last name

of the first author followed by “et al.” and the publication year separated by a comma.

PARENTHETICAL DOCUMENTATION

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First citation:

Substance misuse may be diagnosed in geriatric patients (Boltz, Klein, Metress, & Levin,

2012). OR Boltz, Klein, Metress, and Levin (2012) recognized

Subsequent citation:

Interventions to prevent functional decline may be needed (Boltz et al., 2012). OR Boltz et al. (2012) urged that interventions be used to prevent functional decline.

One Work by Six or More Authors

Cite only the last name of the first author followed by “et al.” and year of publication in the text

for the first and all subsequent parenthetical citations.

information on CPR and portable defibrillators (Adler, et al., 2011).

Work with No Author

Cite the first 2-3 words of the title and year. Use “double quotation marks” around article or

chapter titles

on essentials of imaging technology (“Study Finds,” 2013)

but italicize the shortened title of a book, video, journal or magazine

the book Learning Pediatric Imaging (2011)

Organization or Institution as Author

Names of corporate authors are usually spelled out each time they appear in the text citation. If

the name of a corporate author is long and readily recognizable, you may abbreviate the name

in the second and subsequent citations in the text. Use initials in brackets with the full name in

the first citation and the initials in subsequent citations.

1st citation: Increasing disease rates demand the use of proven strategies to improve

population health (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2011).

2nd citation: Public health practitioners must be ready to implement health goals (CDC, 2011).

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Direct Quotations

A short quotation (fewer than 40 words) may be incorporated into your text. Enclose the

quotation with double quotation marks. You must include a page number or paragraph number

that shows the exact location within the source.

Nursing care for all core clinical areas must include “the ability to assess patients,

diagnose problems, plan goals and interventions, and evaluate progress” (Barrett, 2012,

p. 67). OR

Barrett (2012) stresses that nursing care for all core clinical areas must include “the

ability to assess patients, diagnose problems, plan goals and interventions, and evaluate

progress” (p. 67).

Block Quotation

For more than 40 words, display this quotation in a free standing block of typewritten lines and

omit the quotation marks. Begin a block quotation on a new line, indented 5 spaces from the

left margin. Double-space the entire quotation. A block quotation is usually introduced with a

colon, and the parenthetical citation is given after the end punctuation of the quotation.

Barrett (2012) revealed the following concerning nursing care plans:

A care plan is based on assessment of the patient’s medical condition, the

nursing diagnosis, understanding of his personality and his family, and

knowledge of the facility’s resources. The plan may include two types of goals,

long-term and short-term, which allow a nurse to objectively evaluate progress

toward a goal and how the plan is being used. Objectively is the key word here.

(p. 134)

Web Site Citation in Text

To cite an entire web site (not a specific document on the site), give the address of the site in

the text.

KidsHealth provides unbiased, reliable information to help parents pursue good health

and wellness for their families (http://www.kidshealth.org).

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THE REFERENCES PAGE

At the end of your paper, list all of the sources, alphabetically, that were used for your research

paper. Each entry in the References list must have a corresponding in-text citation. Double-

space between each line. If the citation extends to another line, the second and any other lines

should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. See sample References on page 16.

BOOKS

Alphabetize the prefixes Mc and Mac as they are spelled: MacArthur before McAllister

Author(s):

Use the last name (comma) followed by only the initials of the first and middle names List names of all authors up to and including seven authors

Omit titles (Mr., Ms., Dr.), affiliations and degrees

Use commas to separate names and initials and use the ampersand (&) before the last

author. Insert one space between initials in names (R. W. Wise)

If there are 8 or more authors, name the first 6 authors and insert 3 ellipses (. . .), and

add last author’s name

If different authors have the same last name, arrange the names alphabetically by the

first initial: Mueller, E. C. before Mueller, M. L.

Insert one space after a comma and period with author names

Titles:

Italicize book titles using the italics button in your word processor Capitalize only the first word and any proper nouns in the title of a book. If there is a

subtitle, indicated by a colon (:), then capitalize the first word of the subtitle

Insert one space after a comma, colon, and period

If there is no author, begin with the title. If it begins with A or An or The, use the next

word in the title when alphabetizing in the References list

Publication Information:

Use n.d. if no date of publication is given.

o Smith, J. A. (n.d.)

Use a colon (:) between the state and publisher

Use only the first city if several are listed

Use the two letter postal abbreviation without periods for the state (FL)

Name of publisher should be in a brief form; omit terms such as Inc. and Co. but keep

the word Press (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill) (Urbana: University of Illinois Press)

Do not use the state abbreviation after the city if the state is part of the university press

name. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press)

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CITATION EXAMPLES

BOOKS [Print]

Basic Format

Author, A. A. (copyright date). Title of book: Note capitalization rules. City where published:

Publisher.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

One Author

Torres, L. S. (2010). Patient care in imaging technology. Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby.

Two Authors

Drake, E., & Haveles, B. C. (2011). The prevention of medical errors: Focus on nursing

pharmacology. University of Chicago Press.

Three to Seven Authors

Kee, J. L., Wilson, D., Santulli, R. B., & Barrow, G. K. (2012). Pharmacology: A nursing

process approach. Boston, MA: Pearson.

Eight or More Authors (list first six authors, . . . last author)

Thomas, A. N., Chang, M. B., Holland, L. L., Baylor, C., Convey, P. Q., Taylor, B., . . . Rowland,

H. A. (2011). Pulmonary pathophysiology: The essentials. Lanham, MD: Rowman.

Organization or Institution as Author

American Medical Association. (2012). Mastering ACLS. Chicago, IL: Author.

[When author and publisher are the same, use “Author” as the publisher.]

American Academy of Emergency Medicine. (2011). Toxicology handbook. Philadelphia, PA:

Elsevier Saunders.

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Edition of an Author’s Work

DeLaet, R. (2012). Introduction to health care & careers (3rd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Bartlett.

Editor as Author

Tobin, M. J. (Ed.). (2006). Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation. New York, NY:

McGraw-Hill.

Muse, L. M., & Jones, B. (Eds.). (2011). Respiratory disease. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Author and Editor in a Book

Leeson, A. C. (2011). Creating the digital image. In J. K. Andolina (Ed.), Mammographic

imaging: A practical guide (pp. 213-301). New York, NY: Churchill Livingston.

New or Revised Edition

Workman, M. L. (2013). Medical-surgical nursing (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders.

Allen, E. C. (2009). Netter’s radiologic anatomy (Rev. ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders.

Chapter in a Book

Cook, P. W. (1997). Is it real? The evidence for a significant social problem. In Abused men:

The hidden side of domestic violence (pp. 1-42). Westport, Conn: Praeger.

Encyclopedia

Bachman, J. G. (2007). Epilepsy. In S. L. Chamberlin & B. Narins (Eds.), The Gale

encyclopedia of neurological disorders (Vol. 2, pp. 118-126). Detroit, MI: Thomson Gale.

Textbook

Adams, M. P., & Urban, C. (2012). Pharmacology: Connections to nursing practice (2nd ed.).

Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

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ELECTRONIC BOOK (Library)

eBook Collection (EBSCO)

Chapman, L., & Durham, R. F. (2010). Maternal-newborn nursing: The critical components of

nursing care. Retrieved from EBSCOhost eBook Collection.

ELECTRONIC JOURNAL ARTICLES (Databases)

Scholarly Journal Article

Use the last name, followed by only the initials of the first and middle names

Use commas to separate names and initials and use the ampersand (&) before the last

author. Insert one space between initials in name (R. W. Wise)

List authors in order as shown in the journal article, not in alphabetical order

Omit titles (Mr., Ms., Dr.), affiliations and degrees

List names of all authors up to and including 7 authors

For 8 or more authors, name the first 6 authors and insert 3 ellipses (. . .), and add last

author’s name

Capitalize only the first word and any proper nouns in the title of an article. If there is a

subtitle, indicated by a colon (:), then capitalize the first word of the subtitle

Insert one space after a comma, colon, and period

Capitalize all major words in title of the journal

Italicize journal titles

Do not abbreviate months, and days should be written as April 2, not April 2nd

Use n.d. if no date of publication is given (Smith, J. A. (n.d.)

Give the volume and issue number after the journal title; italicize only the volume number

Do not use Vol. before the volume number: Medical Ethics & Behavior, 31(4), 22-32

No space between the volume and issue numbers: 31(4)

Basic Format

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (date). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue

number), pages. Retrieved from Name of database.

You may have to combine one or more examples if you do not see

one that exactly matches what you need.

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CINAHL Plus Full Text

Supplement

Rouse, C. L., & Harris, L. M. (2010). Research at the bedside: Comparison of blood pressure

measurements. JOGNN: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 39

(Suppl.1), S36-7. Retrieved from CINAHL Plus Full Text database.

Article

Carey, N., & Courtenay, M. L. (2010). An exploration of the continuing professional development

needs of nurse independent prescribers and nurse supplementary prescribers who

prescribe medicines for patients with diabetes. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19(1-2), 208-

216. Retrieved from CINAHL Plus Full Text database.

Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source

Offenbacher, S., Barros, S. P., & Beck, J. B. (2009). Rethinking periodontal inflammation.

Journal of Dental Hygiene, 82(3), 24-32. Retrieved from Dentistry and Oral Sciences

Source database.

Health Reference Center

Browning, B. K. (2007). An aid for pediatric chest exams. Radiologic Technology, 79(2),

193.Retrieved from Health Reference Center database.

Health Source: Nursing Academic Edition

Kelly, D. (2012). Dying in the dark? Strengthening the contribution of palliative care to advanced

dementia care. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 18(4), 159-166. Retrieved

from Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition database.

Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database

Khalil, H. & Chambers, H. (2013). Alcohol and asthma. Retrieved from Joanna Briggs Institute

EBP database.

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MEDLINE with Full Text

McCarville, M., Rogers, Z., Sarnaik, S., Scott, P., Aygun, B., Hilliard, L. B., . . . Ware, R. (2012).

Effects of chronic transfusions on abdominal sonographic abnormalities in children with

sickle cell anemia. Journal of Pediatrics, 160(2), 281-285. Retrieved from MEDLINE

with Full Text database.

Nursing@Ovid

Saccomano, S. J. & DeLuca, D. A. (2012). Living with chronic kidney disease: Related issues

and treatment. Nurse Practitioner, 37(8), 32-38. DOI:

10.1097/01.NPR.0000415873.61843.68 Retrieved from Nursing@Ovid database.

Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR3D)

Brand name of drug (generic name) (sponsor) form. (date). In Name of book. [Version].

Retrieved from database.

Allegra (fexofenadine hydrochloride) (sanofi-aventis) capsules and tablets. (2012, May 2). In

Physician’s desk reference. [Electronic version]. Retrieved from PDR Electronic Library

database.

Primal Pictures

Primal Pictures. (2006). Dentistry: Oral cavity (layer 8, frame 34) [Image]. Retrieved from

anatomy.tv database.

ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source

Roofe, N. (2011). Improving families’ nutrition knowledge through service learning. Journal of

Allied Health, 40(4), 194-198. Retrieved from ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source

database.

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PRINT JOURNAL ARTICLES

Bodner, S. (2008). Stress management in the difficult patient encounter. Dental Clinics of North

America, 52(4), 18-28.

Koller, D., & Gollard, R. D. (2011). Distraction techniques for children undergoing procedures: A

critical review of pediatric research. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 36(4), 189-201.

Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, J. F., Raven, N., Sugai, C., Plath, L. C., Allman, G., . . . Botros, N.

(2012). Effects of quitting smoking on EEG activation. Nursing Forum, 20(1), 71-75.

DOIs: DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIERS

The Digital Object Identifier (or DOI) is an element of an APA formatted citation but

is optional at TCC. You must check with your instructor.

The DOI is like an Internet address linking back to the publisher of the item. If there is

a DOI available (and your instructor says to use them), you should add it to the end of

your citation. If the material came from a TCC database but has no DOI, only put the

name of the database it was retrieved from. If the source came from the Web and

has no DOI, put “Retrieved from” and the Internet address.

Not every source is going to have a DOI number.

Sample citation with DOI:

Thurston, A., Bolin, J., & Chezem, J. C. (2013). Infant Formula Samples: Perinatal

Sources and Breast-Feeding Outcomes at 1 Month Postpartum. Journal of

Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 27(4), 353-358. DOI:

10.1097/JPN.0b013e3182a99e7a. Retrieved from Nursing@Ovid database.

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WEB ARTICLES

Never end the URL with a period

Copy and paste the URL (web address) to avoid errors

Never copy and paste the journal citation from the web page without being sure that it is in correct APA format; journal titles may be abbreviated

Remove the hyperlink: www.tcc.fl.edu www.tcc.fl.edu

Only give page numbers or paragraph numbers if they appear on the web site itself

Use retrieved date when contents is subject to updating

Pubmed Central

Patterson, D. T., Haung, D., Fairbanks, R. J., Simeone, S., Weaver, M., & Wang, H. E.

(2010).Variation in emergency medical services workplace safety culture. Prehospital

Emergency Care, 14(4): 448-460. Retrieved from Pubmed Central:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2935310/?tool=pmcentrez

Mayo Clinic

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2010, August 5). Exercise: A drug-free approach to lowering high blood

pressure. Retrieved May 21, 2012, from

http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/high-blood-pressure/HI00024/METHOD=print

WebMD

Marshall, S. (2010, June 21). Fetal ultrasound. Retrieved July 16, 2012, from

http://www.webmd.com/baby/fetal-ultrasound

American Dental Association

Dental radiographs: Benefits and safety. (2011, September). For the Dental Patient. Retrieved

from the American Dental Association:

http://www.ada.org/sections/scienceAndResearch/pdfs/forthedentalpatient_sept2011.pdf

MedlinePlus

Oxycodone. (n.d.). Retrieved May 21, 2012, from Medical Encyclopedia MedlinePlus:

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

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Media

FMG Streaming Video

No director or producer

Atrial fibrillation. (2012). [Video file]. Retrieved from

http://digital.films.com/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=35052

YouTube Streaming Video

[Author is person or organization who posted the video, APA Style Guide to Electronic

Resources, 2012). Use “available” if video is subject to change sites.

Author, A. A. (year, month day). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from (URL)

American Cancer Society. (2011, October 11). Prostate cancer video for clinicians [Video file].

Available from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ZIz4Fxqio8

Video on the Web

Grandin, T. (2010). Temple Grandin: The world needs all kinds of minds [Video file]. Retrieved

June 13, 2012, from

http://www.ted.com/talks/temple_grandin_the_world_needs_all_kinds_of_minds.html

DVD

Harman, G. (Producer/Director). (2008). Head-to-toe examination of the normal child [DVD].

SAMPLE REFERENCES PAGE

The next page shows how a References page would be written in correct APA format.

This is a list of all of the sources you used, even if you did not quote from them. Be

sure to use alphabetical order by author or title [if no author is available].

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RUNNING HEAD page number

References

American Academy of Emergency Medicine. (2011). Toxicology handbook. Philadelphia, PA:

Elsevier Saunders.

American Cancer Society. (2011, October 11). Prostate cancer video for clinicians [Video file].

Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ZIz4Fxqio8

Bodner, S. (2008). Stress management in the difficult patient encounter. Dental Clinics of North

America, 52(4), 18-28.

Browning, B. K. (2007). An aid for pediatric chest exams. Radiologic Technology, 79(2), 193.

Retrieved from Health Reference Center database.

DeLaet, R. (2012). Introduction to health care & careers (3rd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Bartlett.

Kee, J. L., Wilson, D., Santulli, R. B., & Barrow, G. K. (2012). Pharmacology: A nursing

process approach. Boston, MA: Pearson.

Leeson, A. C. (2011). Creating the digital image. In J. K. Andolina (Ed.), Mammographic

imaging: A practical guide (pp. 213-301). New York, NY: Churchill Livingston.

Marshall, S. (2010, June 21). Fetal ultrasound. Retrieved July 16, 2016, from

http://www.webmd.com/baby/fetal-ultrasound

McCarville, M., Rogers, Z., Sarnaik, S., Scott, P., Aygun, B., Hilliard, L. B., ... Ware, R.

(2012). Effects of chronic transfusions on abdominal sonographic abnormalities in

children with sickle cell anemia. Journal of Pediatrics, 160(2), 281-285. Retrieved from

MEDLINE with Full Text database.