AP World Review

Unit 4

Specifics for Unit 4

• Three Key Concepts– Globalizing Networks of Communication and

Exchange (4.1)– New Forms of Social Organization and Modes of

Production (4.2)– State Consolidation and Imperial Expansion (4.3)

• Represents 20% of total exam

Globalizing Communication and Exchange

• What changed? What stayed the same?– Know the causes…also five examples of early

maritime exploration in course description– Columbian Exchange (Effects)– Global circulation of goods• Role of silver• Atlantic System• Role of Mercantilism

• Cultural Exchanges

Let’s try a multiple choice question…

In the period 1450-1750, which of the following, produced on large plantations by slave labor, were significant commodities in the growing world market?a. Grains such as barley and wheatb. Tropical fruits such as bananas and orangesc. Animal products such as wool and beefd. Cash crops such as sugar and tobacco

Let’s try a multiple choice question…

In the period 1450-1750, which of the following, produced on large plantations by slave labor, were significant commodities in the growing world market?a. Grains such as barley and wheatb. Tropical fruits such as bananas and orangesc. Animal products such as wool and beefd. Cash crops such as sugar and tobacco

The correct answer was d, but why?

A Look at the Question with the Course Description…

In the period 1450-1750, which of the following, produced on large plantations by slave labor, were significant commodities in the growing world market?a. Grains such as barley and

wheatb. Tropical fruits such as

bananas and orangesc. Animal products such as

wool and beefd. Cash crops such as sugar

and tobacco

• Key Concept 5.1.V.B– American foods became

staple crops in various parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Cash crops were grown primarily on plantations with coerced labor and were exported mostly to Europe and the Middle East during this period.

A Look at the Question with the Course Description…

In the period 1450-1750, which of the following, produced on large plantations by slave labor, were significant commodities in the growing world market?a. Grains such as barley and

wheatb. Tropical fruits such as

bananas and orangesc. Animal products such as

wool and beefd. Cash crops such as sugar

and tobacco

• Key Concept 4.1.V.B– American foods became

staple crops in various parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Cash crops were grown primarily on plantations with coerced labor and were exported mostly to Europe and the Middle East during this period.

A Look at the Question with the Course Description…

In the period 1450-1750, which of the following, produced on large plantations by slave labor, were significant commodities in the growing world market?a. Grains such as barley and

wheatb. Tropical fruits such as

bananas and orangesc. Animal products such as

wool and beefd. Cash crops such as sugar

and tobacco

• Key Concept 4.1.V.B– American foods became

staple crops in various parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Cash crops were grown primarily on plantations with coerced labor and were exported mostly to Europe and the Middle East during this period.

A Look at the Question with the Course Description…

In the period 1450-1750, which of the following, produced on large plantations by slave labor, were significant commodities in the growing world market?a. Grains such as barley and

wheatb. Tropical fruits such as

bananas and orangesc. Animal products such as

wool and beefd. Cash crops such as sugar

and tobacco

• Key Concept 4.1.V.B– American foods became

staple crops in various parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Cash crops were grown primarily on plantations with coerced labor and were exported mostly to Europe and the Middle East during this period.

A Look at the Question with the Course Description…

In the period 1450-1750, which of the following, produced on large plantations by slave labor, were significant commodities in the growing world market?a. Grains such as barley and

wheatb. Tropical fruits such as

bananas and orangesc. Animal products such as

wool and beefd. Cash crops such as sugar

and tobacco

• Key Concept 4.1.V.B– American foods became

staple crops in various parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Cash crops were grown primarily on plantations with coerced labor and were exported mostly to Europe and the Middle East during this period.

New Social Organization & Modes of Production

• Coerced Labor– Plantation Slavery in the Americas– Slavery in Africa & the Mediterranean– Other colonial coerced labor systems

• New racial/gender hierarchies– New Elites– Old Elites– Gender and Family– New Racial Classifications

Think about Comparisons• Coerced labor systems around the world• Coerced labor systems in the Americas– Role of race in coercive labor systems

• Comparisons of racial ideologies in Spanish colonies v. British colonies– Was everything monolithic?

• Comparison of Old Imperialism and New Imperialism (19th Century)

State Consolidation and Imperial Expansion

• Legitimacy and Power– How did they do it?

• Gunpowder and Armed Trade– Know the empires in the Course Description– Know the difference between land-based

(Gunpowder) Empires and Maritime Empires

• Competition over trade routes• State Rivalries• Local Resistance

Comparisons are obvious…What about Changes/Continuities?

• The way they acquire legitimacy– Theories make things easier to remember the patterns

• Who ran the show?– How was trade different between 1450 & 1750 as

compared to 1750 to 1900?– How did Indian Ocean trade change?– How did Atlantic Ocean trade change?– Role of China?– Role of Middle East?

Always remember…

• Change and Continuity can stretch over two periods

• Comparisons can be between similar processes in different time periods

• You can’t look at anything in isolation!!!• Think like a historian