AP WORLD HISTORY: SETTING THE STAGE - … · AP WORLD HISTORY: SETTING THE STAGE ... o SONG DYNASTY...
Transcript of AP WORLD HISTORY: SETTING THE STAGE - … · AP WORLD HISTORY: SETTING THE STAGE ... o SONG DYNASTY...
AP WORLD HISTORY: SETTING THE STAGE ALL OF AP WORLD HISTORY IS A STAGE… LET’s MEET THE PLAYERS
MIDDLE EAST
EAST ASIA
EUROPE
AFRICA
SOUTH ASIA
LATIN AMER.
NORTH AMER
OCEANIA
S.E. ASIA
SUMERIAN EMPIRE (3000-1700 BCE)
CHAVIN EMPIRE (900-200 BCE)
INDUS RIVER VALLEY (3300-1900 BCE)
YELLOW RIVER VALLEY
(4000-2000 BCE)
PAPA NEW GUINEA
(7000 BCE-?)
HITTITE EMPIRE (1600-1200 BCE)
BABYLON EMPIRE
(1800-1500 BCE)
EGYPTIAN EMPIRE (3000-1000 BCE)
ASSYRIAN EMPIRE (2500-600 BCE)
Greeks: 600-146 BCE Roman Republics: 509-27 Roman Empire: 27 CE-476
Achaemenid: 550-330 BCE Parthian: 247 BCE-224 CE Sasanian: 224 CE-651 CE
HELLENISTIC KINGDOMS (323 BCE-30 BCE)
Qin: 221 BCE-206 BCE Han: 220 BCE-280 CE
Mauryan: 322 BCE-185 BCE Guptan: 400 CE- 600 CE
PHOENICIAN EMPIRE (1200-539 BCE)
SWAHILI CULTURE (200 CE-)
MAYANS: 2000 BCE-250 CE
Sui: 581-618 Yuan: 1272-1368 Tang: 618-907 Ming:1368-1644 Song: 960-1279
Umayyad: 622-750 Abbasid: 750-1258
Cordoba: 929-1031
1206-1526
VIKINGS: 750-1050
POLYNESIAN MIGRATIONS (300 CE-1300 CE)
TOLTECS (800-1000 CE)
SAFAVID EMPIRE (1501-1736 CE)
ITALIAN CITY STATES
U.S.S.R. (1917-1991)
GERMAN EMPIRE (1871-1919 CE)
BRITISH EGYPT (1882-1953 CE)
SIAM (THAILAND) (1782 CE-1932 CE)
CHEROKEE NATION (1794 CE-1907 CE)
COMMUNIST CHINA (1949-PRESENT)
REPUBLIC OF INDIA (1950-PRESENT)
ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN
(1950-PRESENT)
REPUBLIC of GHANA (1957-PRESENT)
VIETNAM (1976-PRESENT)
ISRAEL (1948-PRESENT)
REPUBLIC of GHANA (1957-PRESENT)
RWANDAN GENOCIDE (94)
CAMBODIAN GENOCIDE
KEY CONCEPT 3.1: EXPANSION & INTENSIFICATION OF COMMUNICATION & EXCHANGE NETWORKS
IMPORTANCE/USE OF TRADE ROUTES FROM 2.3 GREW EXPONENTIALLY WITH MASSIVE EFFECTS ON THE EARTH
CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFUSION
DIASPORA
NEW CROPS IN NEW AREAS
DISEASE
BIG FOUR TRADE ROUTES…
…LED TO POWERFUL NEW TRADING CITIES
Silk Road-Trans Saharan-Mediterranean-Indian Ocean
TRADE
Novgorod, Timbuktu, Swahili, Huangzhou, Calicut, Baghdad, Melaka, Venice, (Tenochtitlan, Cahokia)
(**Notice the location of these cities along the trade routes. **)
(*The two American Cities are built along new American routes. *) NEW LUXURY GOODS SPREAD ALONG THESE ROUTES SILK COTTON PORCELAIN SPICES
GEMS SLAVES EXOTIC ANIMALS
NEW COMMERCIAL TECH. AIDED THIS SPREAD: CARAVANSERAI (Roadside Inns) CAMEL SADDLES (Saddles for Camels) NEW NAVIGATIONAL TECH. AIDED THIS SPREAD: COMPASS (from CHINA) ASTROLABE (from Hellenistic world) LARGER SHIP DESIGNS NEW NAVIGATIONAL TECH. AIDED THIS SPREAD: COMPASS (from CHINA) ASTROLABE (from Hellenistic world) LARGER SHIP DESIGNS NEW ECONOMIC TOOLS FACILITATED THIS SPREAD: BILLS OF EXCHANGE CREDIT/CHECKS/BANKS GOVERNMENT COINS/PAPER MONEY TRADING ORGANIZATIONS (Hanseatic League) GOVERNMENT COMMERCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
o GRAND CANAL (see MAP in CHINA) All of this is EXPEDITED by the SPREAD of LARGE EMPIRES
CROSS-CULTURAL EXCHANGES
ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE & TECHNOLOGICAL ADAPTATION
VIKING LONGSHIPS
ARAB/BERBER CAMELS
CENTRAL ASIAN HORSES
MIGRATIONS BANTU MIGRATIONS
POLYNESIAN MIGRATIONS
LANGUAGES
BANTU (SWAHILI)
TURKIC
ARABIC
ISLAM
INTER-REGIONAL TRAVELLERS
MARO POLO
IBN BATTUTA
XUANZANG
• Based on revelations to MUHAMMAD o Think of it as Judaism 3.0 o Mix of Judaism, Christianity, &
Zoroastrianism with the Arab people of Arabian Peninsula
Spread: Militarily & via Trade
People living away from their HOMELANDS • MUSLIMS in the INDIAN OCEAN • CHINESE in SOUTHEAST ASIA • JEWS in the MEDITERRANEAN
To AFRICA
BANANAS
NEW RICE
To East ASIA
Dar-al-Islam & Mediter. Trade: Sugar, Cotton, & Citrus
ALONG WITH GOODS, INCREASED TRADE BRINGS DISEASE. Ex. The BLACK DEATH
NEOCONFUCIANISM, HINDUISM, & BUDDHISM
SOUTHEAST ASIA
ISLAM
SOUTHEAST ASIA &
SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
PRINTING &
GUNPOWDER FROM EAST ASIA
ISLAMIC EMPIRES &
WESTERN EUROPE
ISLAMIC EMPIRES
GREEK &
INDIAN MATH
GREEK SCIENCE &
PHIL.(Back to Europe)
KEY CONCEPT 3.2: CONTINUITY & INNOVATION OF STATE FORMS & THEIR INTERACTIONS
TWO GROUPS DOMINATE THE POLITICS OF THIS ERA
Islam MONGOLS
Islamic expansion introduced a new concept- The CALIPHATE.
The Pastoral people of Central Asia created the largest empire in the history of the planet that integrated both pastoral & agrarian people.
The State Form to focus on for the Mongols is the KHANATE. o Four Khanates
Golden Horde (Russia/Eastern Europe) Khanate of the Great Khan (China/East Asia) Chagatai (Central Asia) Ilkhanate (Middle East/Persia/The Illest Khanate of them all)
o Each began as an administrative unit ruled by a descendent of Genghis Khan (usually children/grandchildren) After his death, they fought/became independent
“Pax Mongolica” o Era of peace controlled by the Mongol Empire
Transcontinental trade that reconstituted the old Silk Road Disease/Goods/Animals/Spices/Paper/Gunpowder/Banking/Printing
CALIPHATE (“Dominion of the Caliph/Successor”) o New form of government that took hold across North Africa, and West Asia. o Led by a succession of Caliphs until 1258 Islamic groups that you NEED TO KNOW: o Abbasids, Delhi Sultanate, Muslim Iberia (Al-Andalus) As the Islamic Arabs spread their dominance, they took on a great many
PERSIAN influences “The Persians ruled for a thousand years and did not need us Arabs even for a day. We have been ruling them for one or two centuries and cannot do without them for an hour” Ultimately, it was Islamic growth that led to the European Crusades Key cultural transfer: ABBASIDS with TANG CHINA ** There is much more to know here, but the above are listed in the Curricula
1206-1368 CE
661-1258 CE
OTHER MAJOR STATES “DEMONSTRATE REMARKABLE CONTINUITY, INNOVATION & DIVERSITY”
BYZANTINE
CHINA
Italian City-States
Feudal Europe
Feudal Japan
Americas
Eastern Rome Byzantine people
refer to it as the Roman Empire
Person to Know: o Justinian
Briefly rebuilt the Roman Empire to old borders
Justinian Code Administrative
System o Divine, Absolute
Emperor o Elaborate Bureaucr. o Christian Empire
330-1450 CE
589-1279 CE THREE Dynasties o SUI DYNASTY
Reunited Grand Canal
o TANG DYNASTY High Point of
Chinese Civiliz. Silk Road Tribute Buddhist/Confuc. Cultural
Influence over Japan, Korea
Printing o SONG DYNASTY
Paper Money Gunpowder Conquered by the
MONGOLS
New gov’t that replaced the Old Roman Empire Venice, Milan, Genoa, Verona, etc. Dominated Mediterranean trade Key trade between Europe and Asia Later traded with Ottoman Empire
Decentralized Local feudal lords
gained fealty over local people
Highlight: Charlemagne
Mirrored Europe Daimyo=Lord Samurai=Knights
State systems expanded in scope and strength
Similar to Afro-Eur. MAYA o City States AZTEC o Empire based in
Central Mexico o “Mexica” INCA o Andes Mountains
around Peru o Road System o Inheritance System o Quipu
KEY CONCEPT 3.3: INCREASED ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY & ITS CONSEQUENCES
PRODUCTION
POST CLASSICAL INTERACTIONS HAVE MAJOR ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
URBANIZATION SOCIAL
SPR
EA
D O
F R
ELIG
ION
LE
D T
O M
AJO
R C
HA
NG
ES
GE
ND
ER
RE
LA
TIO
NS
FA
MIL
Y S
TR
UC
TU
RE
BUDDHISM CHRISTIANITY ISLAM
CROP YIELDS
INCREASE DUE TO NEW
TECHNOLOGY
CHINAMPAS
CHAMPA RICE (Drought-resistant quick growing rice)
WARU-WARU
TERRACING
HORSE-COLLAR
CROPS TRANSPORTED
TO SIMILAR CLIMATES
ARTISANS & MERCHANTS INCREASED
EXPORTS
INDIA, CHINA
PERSIA
CHINA
(THIS MAY SEEM CONTRADICTORY BUT THEY WANT
YOU TO KNOW THAT CITIES BOTH ROSE & FELL)
GROWTH
DOWNFALL
INVASIONS CEASE
SAFE TRADE/TRAVEL
RISE IN COMMERCE
RISE IN TEMP.
INCREASE IN AGRIC.
MORE PEOPLE/LABOR
INVASIONS
DISEASES
AGRICULTURAL
DECLINE
LITTLE ICE AGE
NOVGOROD
TIMBUKTU HANGZHOU
CALICUT BAGHDAD MALACCA
VENICE
ATHENS
ROME ALEXANDRIA
CHANG’AN PATALIPUTRA
(MUCH OF THIS REMAINS THE SAME FROM THE
LAST ERA… BUT THERE ARE SOME CHANGES)
LABOR MANAGEMENT CHANGES FREE PEASANTS NOMADIC
PASTORIALIST GUILDS COERCED GOV’T LABOR TAXES MILITARY
OBLIGATIONS
Below are some fun new ways the elites
managed the labor of the people.
Not everyone was happy with these new obligations
(specifically the increase in dues/taxes… Special
Note: THESE REVOLTS HAVE LITTLE HISTORICAL
CONSEQUENCE. The successful rebellions are a
few eras away…)
Free Peasant Revolts Religious Revolts (White Lotus)