AP World History (11/26) Do Now: Our next

unit is called “Global Interactions: 1450-1750 CE

What is going on in this picture? How might this help us understand the upcoming unit?

The Gods Must Be Crazy (1980) How do the

tribesmen and women react to the “gift” from the gods?

How does it affect their lives?

How might this clip assist us as we prepare for this unit (global interactions)?

Gunpowder and the lateen sail During unit two, we

discussed key inventions and discoveries like gunpowder and the lateen sail.

How might these two inventions or discoveries impact the time period 1450-1750?

Context for change in Europe Crusades had stimulated trade and contact between

Middle East and Europe Italian city-states like Genoa and Venice had become key

crossroads in this trade By 1450, the Renaissance was already underway in Italy

Renewed interest in Greek culture Importance of Alexander’s conquest and Hellenistic world view

Humanism-interest in the capabilities and accomplishments of individuals Beginning to challenge the authority of the Roman Catholic

Church Renewed interest in secular (of this world) rather than religious

themes Writers use the vernacular language (Italian) rather than Latin

Result of the Renaissance in Italy?

Urbanization had occurred due to importance of trade Wealthy merchants and others become patrons (financial supporters)

of the arts Medici family Artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael Catholic Church also sponsored many

Results? Entrepreneurial spirit

Merchants (banking techniques, profit seeking) City-state leaders (new ways to govern; political power based on individual

ability rather than hereditary/divine connections) Despite emphasis on secular, church still key

Many religious buildings Religious themes in art/sculpture

Renaissance and humanistic ideas permeate entire culture and diffuse from Italy

Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa How is this an example of humanist

values? Wife of wealthy merchant

Only wealthy could afford to commission a portrait

She is facing the viewer We can engage with the subject See who she really is (importance of

individual) An understanding of three

dimensions Perspective

Viewer can better understand relationship of subject and setting

The Creation of Adam (Michelangelo)-Find three examples of humanism

How an example of humanism?

Idealized figures of both god and man God reclining-first time God portrayed this way

Intimate view of God Spark between man and God-note Adam’s nonchalant pose (not one of

fear) Unity of natural and ideal beauty (harmony in human proportions) Man in image/likeness of God

Adam and God are almost mirror images of each other Interesting theories

Others claim that the figures and shapes surrounding the figure of God are an exact drawing of the human brain, in which the frontal lobe, brain stem and pituitary gland, are detectable, along with other parts of the cerebrum.

Still others have speculated that the red cloth surrounding God is in the shape of a human uterus, while the green-colored scarf at the bottom is actually a freshly cut umbilical cord.

http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/famous-paintings/creation-of-adam.htm

Another impact of humanism Johann Gutenberg’s

printing press Humanist ideas now

more widely available to a larger audience

Access to ideas-the individual can more easily think for themselves

Bring on the humanists! For each of the individuals listed on the

next slide, complete the following BRIEF analysis: Identify the individual’s contribution to

humanism Provide a quote from this individual that

connects to humanism Explain how/why this individual had an

impact on the spread of humanism during the Renaissance

The “H” list Martin Luther Niccolo Machiavelli Nicholas Copernicus Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei John Locke (E) Thomas Hobbes (E) Jean Jacques Rousseau (E) Adam Smith (E) Voltaire (E)

Homework for next week Read chapter ten (The Transformation of

Europe) by 12/3 Terms:

Humanism Johan Gutenberg (focus on how important

with this term) Indulgences Scientific Revolution The Enlightenment Mercantilism

AP World History (12/2) Do Now: What differences developed

between Catholics and protestants during the 16th and 17th century? List as many differences as possible.

Make sure your list includes: Sale of indulgences Salvation through faith, not works Church-had become a barrier between

humans and God

Religious Wars France

Calvinists vs. Catholics Ended with Edict of Nantes (1598) granting tolerance to Protestants

Germany 30 years war (1618-1648) Treaty of Westphalia-allows areas/cities to choose own religion

England Division caused by Henry VIII’s daughters

Queen Mary-Catholic Queen Elizabeth I-Protestant (Anglican Church)

What do the paintings on the next slides suggest about the effects of these religious wars? Pay attention to light, color, positioning of objects (foreground/background),

faces (emotions), etc. What story does the picture tell? What themes/big ideas might be suggested by this work?

Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé- the Battle of Lens on August 28, 1648

Diego Velazquez- Surrender of Breda (1634-35)

What does the art historian have to say about this painting and its themes?

Impact of religious wars religious pluralism (acceptance of multiple religions)

Impact of this religious pluralism? Attempts at political consolidation

Hapsburg Family-keep rule in the family Centered around ancestral homeland of Austria Prevented by Protestants- Charles the V abdicates (1556)

Absolute Monarchs Divine right of kings-God’s blessing on their authority

Louis the XIV (the Sun King-France) Ferdinand and Isabella (Spain)

Constitutionalism Great Britain and the Netherlands Sharing power with parliament

Henry VIII needed their support in forming the Anglican Church Queen Elizabeth needed funding for war and exploration Civil War (1642-1651) -king vs. parliament (Charles the I beheaded)

AP World History (12/4) Do Now: What does ACAPS mean? (Check

back in your notes) How can we use this to help us analyze

primary sources? A=Author C=Context A=Audience P=Purpose S=Significance

Chapter 11 terms Treaty of Tordesillas The caravel Columbian Exchange The Great Circuit Joint stock companies Encomienda system

AP World History (12/5) Do Now: Read the two quotes below and record

them in your notes. How are these two quotes similar? What key difference exists between the two

quotes? #1: The most high and absolute power in the

realm consists in the Parliament. English statesman, 1560

#2: Kings are called gods because they sit upon God’s throne on earth. James I, early 1600s

Absolutism The acceptance of

or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.

Impact of this concept on the English Civil War?

English Civil War reset Context Tudor dynasty (1485-1603)

Henry VIII (1509-1547) Elizabeth I (1558-1603)

Tradition of working with Parliament Henry-needed them to approve the Act of

Supremacy (makes him head of Anglican Church)

Parliament often did as instructed, but grew accustomed to being consulted

Let’s get ready to rumble!!!

In this corner… The Stuarts

Elizabeth had no male heir; Stuarts were her relatives

James I-did not work well with Parliament Clashes over money and foreign

policy “I will not be content that my power

be disputed upon.” Dissolves Parliament (1604) Charles I (1625)-also practices

absolutism Reconvenes Parliament because he

needs money Dissolves it in 1629

Supporters called Cavaliers

And in this corner… Puritans/Oliver Cromwell Belief that the king/ruler

NEEDED to consult Parliament on key social, political, and financial decisions

Worried also about religious direction of country Concerned with Anglican

church becoming too Catholic in its practices

Reduce the power of the bishops

Simpler services Supporters called

Roundheads

Time for some action… 1637-Charles I tries to impost

the Anglican prayer book on Scotland Calvinist-they revolt

Charles needs Parliament to fund an army to put down the revolt

Parliament revolts Attempts (and succeeds) in

execution of Charles chief ministers Including archbishop

Charles attempts to arrest the leaders of the revolt in 1642

War is on!!

Effects of English Civil War Lasts from 1642-1649 Charles I executed

Shocking event-a ruling monarch executed by his own people Establishment of the Commonwealth (1649)

A new uprising-Supporters of Charles II (rightful heir) attack England Put down by Cromwell Catholics-exiled in 1652 (by order of Parliament)

Focus-military rule and strict Puritan ways Commonwealth gives way to restoration of the Stuarts

Falls apart after death of Cromwell (1658) Charles II

restores Anglican Church Accept s Petition of Right (Parliament’s rights within the government), but still

practices absolutism James II (1685)

Flaunted his Catholic faith Leads to Glorious Revolution of 1688 (limit of royal power under William and Mary)