AP Scientific Revolution
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Transcript of AP Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution
A New World ViewA New World View
What Was the Scientific Revolution?
What Was the Scientific Revolution?
A revolution in human understanding and knowledge about the physical universe
17th Century Began w/ Copernicus Ended w/ Newton
A revolution in human understanding and knowledge about the physical universe
17th Century Began w/ Copernicus Ended w/ Newton
“Science” Before the SR“Science” Before the SR
Based on reasoning
Experimental method or observation - not used
Medieval Science Alchemy Astrology
Based on reasoning
Experimental method or observation - not used
Medieval Science Alchemy Astrology
Creating a New Worldview Creating a New Worldview
Hallmarks of SR Questioning of old knowledge &
assumptions Gradual replacement of religious &
superstitious presumptions Gradual rise of science & reason
Hallmarks of SR Questioning of old knowledge &
assumptions Gradual replacement of religious &
superstitious presumptions Gradual rise of science & reason
Factors Leading to SRFactors Leading to SR
Rise of universities
Renaissance Reformation Exploration
Rise of universities
Renaissance Reformation Exploration
Astronomy & PhysicsAstronomy & Physics
Work with the person next to you and diagram the Universe as we know it today
Be as accurate as possible You have 2 minutes…
Work with the person next to you and diagram the Universe as we know it today
Be as accurate as possible You have 2 minutes…
How does your
diagram differ?
How does your
diagram differ?
Astronomy & PhysicsAstronomy & Physics
Prior to SR - Ptolemaic System prevailed
Geocentric Universe Earth is at center Remains fixed while the heavens
move around it
Prior to SR - Ptolemaic System prevailed
Geocentric Universe Earth is at center Remains fixed while the heavens
move around it
Nicolaus CopernicusNicolaus Copernicus
1473-1543 Polish Suggested the
universe was heliocentric
1473-1543 Polish Suggested the
universe was heliocentric
Copernicus’ Heliocentric Universe
Copernicus’ Heliocentric Universe
Sun centered Planets revolved around sun Moon, around Earth Earth rotated on an axis
Sun centered Planets revolved around sun Moon, around Earth Earth rotated on an axis
Copernican UniverseCopernican Universe Afraid of the Catholic Church Published theory on his deathbed
Afraid of the Catholic Church Published theory on his deathbed
Tycho BraheTycho Brahe
1546-1601 Danish
mathematician More accurate
positioning of planets
1546-1601 Danish
mathematician More accurate
positioning of planets
Johannes KeplerJohannes Kepler 1571-1630 German mathematician Proved Copernican
theory via math Kepler’s First Law
Earth orbits in an elliptical (egg-shaped) pattern, not circular like Copernicus suggested
1571-1630 German mathematician Proved Copernican
theory via math Kepler’s First Law
Earth orbits in an elliptical (egg-shaped) pattern, not circular like Copernicus suggested
Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei
1564-1642 Italian
mathematician Improved telescope Went public with
heliocentrism
1564-1642 Italian
mathematician Improved telescope Went public with
heliocentrism
Science on TrialScience on Trial
Catholic Church - not happy
Arrested by Inquisition
Tried Condemned Forced to recant
Copernican views House arrest
Catholic Church - not happy
Arrested by Inquisition
Tried Condemned Forced to recant
Copernican views House arrest
Sir Isaac NewtonSir Isaac Newton
1642-1727 British
mathematician Laws of motion
1642-1727 British
mathematician Laws of motion
Universal Law of GravityUniversal Law of Gravity
Explains why planets continue an elliptical orbit around sun
Mathematical in nature States that every object in the
universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity
Explains why planets continue an elliptical orbit around sun
Mathematical in nature States that every object in the
universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity
MedicineMedicine
Better understanding of anatomy & physiology
Microscope invented
Better understanding of anatomy & physiology
Microscope invented
ChemistryChemistry
Robert Boyle Boyle’s Law (properties
of gasses)
Antoine Lavoisier Father of modern
chemistry Invented system for
naming chemical elements still used today (periodic table)
Robert Boyle Boyle’s Law (properties
of gasses)
Antoine Lavoisier Father of modern
chemistry Invented system for
naming chemical elements still used today (periodic table)
RationalismRationalism Reason, not tradition,
is the source of all knowledge
René Descartes (1596-1650)
French philosopher & mathematician
Cogito, ergo sum (“I think, therefore I am”)
Deductive reasoning (general specific)
Reason, not tradition, is the source of all knowledge
René Descartes (1596-1650)
French philosopher & mathematician
Cogito, ergo sum (“I think, therefore I am”)
Deductive reasoning (general specific)
EmpiricismEmpiricism
The belief that experience is the only true source of knowledge
Huge shift toward empiricism in the SR
Led to development of the Scientific Method
The belief that experience is the only true source of knowledge
Huge shift toward empiricism in the SR
Led to development of the Scientific Method
Scientific MethodScientific Method
Francis Bacon (1561-1627)
English philosopher & empiricist
Systematic procedure for collecting & analyzing evidence
Inductive reasoning (specific general)
Francis Bacon (1561-1627)
English philosopher & empiricist
Systematic procedure for collecting & analyzing evidence
Inductive reasoning (specific general)