AP Psychology Sample Student Responses and Scoring ... · Question 2 (continued) General...

2018

AP PsychologySample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary

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Free Response Question 2

R Scoring Guideline

R Student Samples

R Scoring Commentary

AP® PSYCHOLOGY 2018 SCORING GUIDELINES

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Question 2 A survey was conducted to determine the state of the physical and psychological health of high school students.

Part A

Some of the survey questions related to student stress levels and student absences due to illness. The data on these variables are displayed below.

• What is the most appropriate conclusion that can be drawn based on the figure above?

• Explain how the data depicted in the graph are consistent with the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

• A researcher wants to conduct another study using the same variables, but wants to set it up as an experiment. Explain one reason that an institutional review board (IRB) might not approve this new study.

Part B

Some of the survey questions related to risky behaviors. The results indicated that 90 percent of high school students’ risky behaviors were influenced by social factors.

Explain how each of the following may contribute to an increase in risky behaviors.

• Deindividuation

• Normative social influence

Part C

Explain how each of the following may contribute to good physical or psychological health of high school students.

• Cognitive restructuring

• Incentive motivation



Question 2 (continued) General Considerations

1. Answers should be presented in sentences and be cogent enough for the meaning of the response to come through. Spelling and grammatical mistakes do not reduce the score of a response, but spelling must be close enough that the reader is convinced of the word.

2. Do not score any notes made on the question section of the booklet. Score only what has been written in the blanks provided in the booklet.

3. Definitions alone will not score, but they may be used to enhance the application. 4. Within a point, a student will not be penalized for misinformation unless it directly contradicts correct

information that would otherwise have scored a point. A correct application with an incorrect definition is not considered a direct contradiction and should score the point.

5. Rubric examples provided for each point are not to be considered exhaustive. 6. Responses that simply parrot or repeat the terms from the question will not score. 7. A response can score a point only if it clearly conveys what part of the question is being answered. It is

possible to infer what part of the question is being answered if it is consistent with the order of the question.

Part A Point 1

The response must indicate that (1) stress level positively predicts the number of absences due to illness OR (2) there is a positive (direct) correlation between stress level and number of absences OR (3) as stress levels increase, the number of absences tends to increase OR (4) as stress levels decrease, the number of absences tends to decrease.

• Score: “We can positively predict number of student absences due to illness from students’ stress levels.” • Score: “There is a positive correlation between stress level and number of absences.” • Score: “As stress levels increase, the number of absences tends to increase.” • Do NOT score anything to do with stress causing absences. Phrases such as “leads to, due to, results

from” without clear description of correlation will not score, as they imply causation. • Do NOT score reference to negative (inverse, indirect) correlation.

Note: Because these are correlational data, it would also be correct to use the number of absences as the predictor of stress level.

Note: Responses may substitute synonyms for correlation, such as association or relationship. Point 2

The response must reference the study and indicate vulnerability to illness or depletion of the immune system.

• Score: “The research findings are consistent with the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome (GAS), in which our body’s immune system is depleted and we get sick.”

• Do NOT score alarm or resistance stages of GAS.

Note: Response does not need to mention that exhaustion is the third/final stage of GAS.



Question 2 (continued) Point 3

The response must indicate that the manipulation of stress, absences, or illness would be unethical or harmful.

• Score: “It is unethical to randomly assign people to stress levels because it might cause undue harm to participants.”

• Score: “It is harmful to induce stress in the participants.” • Do NOT score references to harm without specific mention of stress, absences, or illness.

Note: Manipulation of stress, absences, or illness can be described with synonyms such as influence, cause, induce.

Part B

The response to Points 4–5 must indicate that the concept facilitates/increases risky behaviors.

The response does not have to relate to the original survey, as the directions in Part B do not say anything about risky “health” behaviors, only risky behavior in general.

Risky behavior can be indicated as any behavior with a potentially negative consequence.

Point 4

The response must include that the presence of other people diminishes one’s sense of self-awareness OR increases feelings of anonymity OR diminishes one’s sense of individual responsibility or inhibition. This increases one’s engagement in risky behavior.

• Score: “A person feels anonymous in large groups, so they do irresponsible things.” • Score: “Drew is at a concert with 100,000 other people, so he loses his sense of self-awareness and tosses

his empty soda can on the field instead of throwing it in the recycle bin like he normally would do.” • Do NOT score other group-related phenomena such as groupthink, group polarization, social facilitation,

social loafing, bystander effect.

Point 5

The response must indicate that a person engages in risky behavior in order to fit in/gain social approval or avoid social disapproval.

• Score: “People might do risky things because they think it will make them look cool in the eyes of others.”

• Score: “Susie has never stolen anything, but when she is shopping with friends, she sees them shoplifting, so she steals to fit in with her classmates.”

• Do NOT score references to informational social influence or simply learning by observation or conformity.

Note: A response can use descriptions of fitting in, such as belonging.

Note: Using “normal” alone is not enough to indicate social approval. If a response uses the word “normal,” it must also clearly describe social approval in the eyes of others.



Question 2 (continued) Part C Point 6

The response must indicate that reinterpreting one’s negative thoughts in a positive way leads to better physical or psychological health.

• Score: “When Rik gets a bad grade on his physics test, he is sad. But he tells himself that at least now he has lots of room to improve before the next test and starts to feel better about himself.”

• Score: “Liz is overwhelmed by her pile of homework, but when she decides that it is a challenge that she can conquer, her headache goes away.”

• Score: “Elliot changes his negative thoughts to more positive thoughts, which leads to better psychological health.”

• Do NOT Score “Andi has been dwelling on negative thoughts about school, so she decides instead to start thinking about more positive things like summer vacation, which reduces her stress level.”

Point 7

The response must include an external stimulus that pulls someone towards a behavior that contributes to good physical or psychological health.

• Score: “When Barney saw an ad for a free t-shirt for joining the gym, he signed up for a membership.” • Score: “Kristin meditates for 15 minutes a day so that she will receive extra credit in her health class.” • Do NOT score references to wants and desires without an external stimulus that pulls someone toward a

behavior. • Do NOT score “extrinsic motivation” without description or explicit mention of an external stimulus.

Note: The response may earn a point by using an example of either positive or negative reinforcement as the external incentive.

Note: If the response discusses a behavior that does not obviously contribute to good physical or psychological health, then it must specify how the behavior contributes to good physical or psychological health.

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AP® PSYCHOLOGY 2018 SCORING COMMENTARY


Question 2

Overview This free-response question focuses on three different aspects of psychology: the ability to understand research methodology, knowledge of social processes, and how cognition and behavior are related.

Sample: 2A Score: 7

The response earned point 1 because it draws the appropriate conclusion that there is a positive correlation between stress and absences due to illness. The response earned point 2 because it references the study by mentioning students, and it indicates illness following the body breaking down due to stress. The response earned point 3 because it describes the manipulation of stress as being unethical. The response earned point 4 because it indicates an increase of risky behavior after losing a sense of identity in a group. The response earned point 5 because it indicates an increase of risky behavior with a desire to fit in. The response earned point 6 because it discusses changing negative/bad thoughts into better or more positive thoughts, contributing to good psychological health. The response earned point 7 because it indicates an external incentive of extra credit for exercising, which contributes to good physical health.

Sample: 2B Score: 4 The response earned point 1 because it draws the appropriate conclusion that there is a positive correlation between stress and absences due to illness. The response did not earn point 2 because it does not indicate vulnerability to illness or depletion of the immune system. The response earned point 3 because it discusses the manipulation of stress or illness as being harmful. The response did not earn point 4 because it does not describe the loss of a sense of self awareness, responsibility, or inhibition but instead discussed conformity. The response earned point 5 because it indicates partaking in risky behavior in order to fit in. The response earned point 6 because it discusses going from a negative outlook to a more positive one, thus benefitting psychological health. The response did not earn point 7 because it does not describe any external stimulus that would contribute to good physical or psychological health.

Sample: 2C Score: 1

The response did not earn point 1 because it describes a causal relationship between variables instead of a positive correlation. The response did not earn point 2 because it does not indicate a vulnerability to illness or depletion of the immune system. The response did not earn point 3 because it does not discuss the manipulation of stress, illness, or absences as being unethical or harmful. The response did not earn point 4 because it does not describe a diminished sense of self-awareness, responsibility, or inhibition. The response earned point 5 because it discusses kids’ risky behavior resulting from trying to fit in. The response did not earn point 6 because it does not describe a reinterpreting of negative thinking to more positive thinking. The response did not earn point 7 because it does not indicate a specific external stimulus that would pull someone toward a behavior that would contribute to good health.

AP Psychology Sample Student Responses and Scoring ... · Question 2 (continued) General...

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