The Physics B Exam

Ap® Physics B Exam- -

. SECTIQ:N I: Multrple-Choice Questions

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

20 9

Ata GlanceTotalTime

1 hour, 30 minutesNumber of Questions

70Percent otTotal Grade

50%Writing Instrument

Pencil requiredElectronic Device

None allowed

InstructionsSection I of this exam contains 70 multiple-choice questions. For these questions, fill inonly the ovals for numbers 1 through 70 on your answer sheet. Also, fill in the ovals fornumbers 101 through 106 when answering the survey questions. A table of informationthat may be helpful is found on page 2. Rulers and straightedges may be used in thissection.

Indicate all of your answers to the multiple-choice questions on the answer sheet. Nocredit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet, but you may use the bookletfor notes or scratch work. After you have decided which of the suggested answers is best,completely fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Give only one answer toeach question. If you change an answer, be sure that the previous mark is erasedcompletely. Here is a sample question and answer.

Sample Question Sample Answer

Chicago is a(A) state(B) city(C) country(D) continent(E) village

Use your time effectively, working as quickly as you can without losing accuracy. Do notspend too much time on anyone question. Go on to other questions and come back tothe ones you have not answered if you have time. It is not expected that everyone willknow the answers to all of the multiple-choice questions.

About GuessingMany students wonder whether or not to guess the answers to questions about which theyare not certain. In this section of the exam, as a correction for random guessing,one-fourth of the number of questions you answer incorrectly will be subtracted from thenumber of questions you answer correctly. If you are not sure of the best answer but havesome knowledge of the question and are able to eliminate one or more of the answerchoices, your chance of answering correctly is improved, and it may be to your advantageto answer such a question.

17

Physics B

TABLE OF INFORMATION FOR 2008 and 2009

CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

Proton mass, mp =1.67 X 10-27 kg Electron charge magnitude, e =1.60 X 10- 19 C

Neutron mass, mn = 1.67 x 10-27 kg I electron volt, 1 eV =1.60 x 10- 19 J

Electron mass, me =9.11 X 10-31 kg Speed of light, c = 3.00 X 108 m/s

Avogadro's number, No =6.02 X 1023 mol"Universal gravitational

G =6.67 X 10-11 m3/ kg.s2constant,

Universal gas constant, R =8.31 J/ (mo1.K) Acceleration due to gravityg = 9.8 m/s2

at Earth's surface,

Boltzmann ' s constant, kB =1.38 X 10-23 J/K

1 unified atomic mass unit , 1 u =1.66 X 10-27 kg = 93 1 MeV/c2

Planck's constant, h = 6.63 X 10-34 J.s = 4.14 X 10- 15 eV.s

he =1.99 X 10- 25 Lm = 1.24 x 103 ev-nm

Vacuum permittivity, EO=8.85 X 10- 12 C2/N.m2

Coulomb' s law constant, k = 1/ 4trEo =9.0 X 109 N.m 2/C2

Vacu um permeability, /10 = 4tr X 10-7 (T.m)/A

Mag netic constant, k' = /10/4tr =10-7 (T.m)/A

1 atmosphere pressure, 1 atm =1.0 x 105 N/m2 =1.0 x 105 Pa

meter, m mole, mol watt, W farad, Fkilogram, kg hertz, Hz coulomb, C tesla, T

UNITSYMBOLS

second, s newton, N volt , V degree Celsius , °Campere, A pascal, Pa ohm, n electron-volt, eVkelvin, K joule, J henry, H

18

PREFIXES

Factor Prefix Symbol

109 giga G

106 mega M

103 kilo k

10-2 centi c

10-3 milli m

10-6 micro Il

10-9 nano n

10- 12 pico p

VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES

e 0° 30° 37° 45° 53° 60° 90°

sine 0 1/2 3/5 ../2/2 4/5 J3/2 1

cose 1 J3/2 4/5 ../2/2 3/5 1/2 0

tane 0 J3/3 3/4 1 4/3 J3 00

The following conventions are used in this exam.I. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem is

assumed to be inertial.II. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positive

charge (conventional current).m. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero at

an infinite distance from the charge.IV. For mechanics and thermodynamics equations, W represents the work

done on a system.

Physics B

PHYSICSBSECTION I

Time-90 minutes70 Questions

Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers orcompletions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.

Note: To simplify calculations, you may use g = 10 m/s2 in all problems.

1. A person throws a marble straight up into the air, releasing ita short height above the ground and catching it at that sameheight. If air resistance is negligible, which of the followinggraphs of position y versus time ( is correct for the motion ofthe marble as it goes up and then comes down?

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page Is Illegal.

(A) Y

o

(C) y

0 '---- ----(

(E) y

o

(B) Y

o

(D) Y

o

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20

2. A rocket lifts a payload upward from the surface

of Earth. The radius of Earth is R, and the weight

of the payload on the surface of Earth is W. The

force of Earth's gravity on the payload is ~

when the rocket's distance from the center of

Earth is

(A) R(B) ,fiR(C) 2R(D) 2,fiR

(E) 4R

Questions 3-4

An object is thrown with an initial speed v nearthe surface of Earth. Assume that air resistance isnegligible and the gravitational field is constant.

3. If the object is thrown vertically upward, thedirection and magnitude of its acceleration whileit is in the air is

(A) upward and decreasing(B) upward and constant(C) downward and decreasing(D) downward and increasing(E) downward and constant

4. If the object is thrown horizontally, the directionand magnitude of its acceleration while it is inthe air is

(A) upward and decreasing(B) upward and constant(C) downward and decreasing(D) downward and increasing(E) downward and constant

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Physics B

5. An object weighing 120 N is set on a rigid beamof negligible mass at a distance of 3 m from apivot, as shown above. A vertical force is to beapplied to the other end of the beam a distance of4 m from the pivot to keep the beam at rest andhorizontal. What is the magnitude F of the forcerequired?

(A) ION(B) 30 N(C) 90N(D) 120 N(E) 160 N

6. Inertia can be best described as the

(A) force that keeps an object in motion withconstant velocity

(B) force that keeps an object at rest(C) force that overcomes friction(D) property responsible for an object's resistance

to changes in motion(E) property responsible for slowing down an

object

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Physics B

Questions 7-9 Questions 10-11

0.5 1.0o'------+--+---v (m3)

P (Fa)

A block released from rest at position A slideswith negligible friction down an inclined track,around a vertical loop, and then along a horizontalportion of the track, as shown above . The block neverleaves the track.

A sample of an ideal gas is taken through the cycleabea, as shown in the PV diagram above.

10. What is the change in internal energy of the gasfor the process be ?

7. After the block is released, in which of thefollowing sequences of positions is the speedof the block ordered from fastest to slowest?

(A) BCD E(B) BEe D(C) DeE B(D) E BCD(E) ED C B

(A) -1500 J(B) -500 J(C) OJ(D) +500 J(E) +1500 J

11. If 1000 J of heat is added to the gas duringprocess ab, what is the change in internalenergy of the gas for process ab ?

8. Which of the following is true of the net forceon the block when it is at position C ?

(A) It is directed vertically downward only.(B) It is directed vertically upward only.(C) It is directed to the left only.(D) It is directed to the right only.(E) It has components both to the left

and vertically downward.

9. The gravitational potential energy and the kineticenergy of the block are most nearly equal at whichposition? (Consider the potential energy to bezero at position B.)

(A) A(B) B(C) C(D) D(E) E

(A) -2000 J(B) -1000 J(C) 0 J(D) +1000 J(E) +2000 J

12. At room temperature and one atmosphereof pressure, which of the following materialsis the best conductor of heat?

(A) Air(B) Helium(C) Silver(D) Water(E) Wood

13. What is the acceleration of an object of mass

4.5 x 10-5 kg with a charge of 9 x 10-9 C under

the influence of an electric field of magnitude

5000 V1m, assuming gravity is negligible?

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(A) 0.05 rn/s2

(B) 0.5 rn/s2

(C) 0.9 rn/s2

(D) 1.0 rn/s2

(E) 5.0 rn/s2

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..E

I

IIIII

-----~

0 rR

14. A conducting spherical shell of radius R has charge quniformly distributed on its outer surface. The graph aboverepresents electric field strength E versus distance r fromthe center of the spherical shelL Which of the followinggraphs best represents E versus r when the charge onthe spherical shell is doubled to 2q?

Physics B

o L.-__..l.-__• r

(A) EI

IIIII

-----~

R

(B)E

o L..-__-L- r

R

(C) E (D) EI I

-----~ -----~

0 r 0 rR R

(E) E

0 '-- --'-- -_,R

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Physics B

~X Y

15. A charged particle is in a region that containsboth an electric and a magnetic field. The kineticenergy of the particle is 9 ul at point X and 11 ~at point Y in the figure above. If the only forcespresent are electromagnetic, what is the workdone by the electric force on the particle as itmoves from X to Y along the path shown?

(A) O~

(B) 1~(C) 2~

(D) 11~(E) 20 ~

Questions 18-19

c Hollow/ metal

sphere

Charge +Q is located at the center of the hollowmetal sphere shown in cross section above. The netcharge on the sphere is zero.

18. What are the induced charges , if any, on the innerand outer surfaces of the sphere?

Inner Surface Outer Surface

19. If the potential of the inner surface is V, what isthe potential of the outer surface?

(A) Less than zero(B) Zero(C) Between zero and V(D) V(E) Greater than V

P~--------~- - --------- -----~

16. Two point charges of unknown magnitudes ql

and q2 are placed as shown above. The electricfield intensity is zero at point P, which is closerto ql than to q2" Which of the following is trueof the signs of the charges and their magnitudes?

Signs Magnitudes

(A) Opposite Equal(B) Opposite ql > q2(C) Same Equal(D) Same ql > q2

(E) Same ql < q2

17. A 60 W, 120 V lightbulb has a resistance of

(A) 0.5 n(B) 2.0 n(C) 120 n(D) 240 n(E) 480 n

(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)

Zero-Q-Q+Q+Q

ZeroZero

+Q

-Q+Q

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24

100 V

5nt +1111- 1"J;H 10QtJlO Q

------20. In the circuit shown above, what is the current in

the 5 Q resistor?

(A) 40A(B) 25 A(C) 20 A(D) 10 A(E) 4A

21. Balls 1 and 2 are each thrown horizontally fromthe same height above level ground, but ball 2has a greater initial velocity after leaving thethrower's hand. If air resistance is negligible, howdo the accelerations of the balls and the timesit takes them to hit the ground compare?

Acceleration a Time to Hit Ground

(A) Greater for ball 2 Greater for ball 2(B) Greater for ball 2 Equal(C) Equal Greater for ball 2(D) Equal Less for ball 2(E) Equal Equal

22. Two objects, X and Y, accelerate from rest withthe same constant acceleration. Object X accel­erates for twice the time as object Y. Which of thefollowing is true of these objects at the end oftheir respective periods of acceleration?

(A) Object X is moving at the same speed asobject Y.

(B) Object X is moving four times faster thanobject Y.

(C) Object X has traveled the same distance asobject Y.

(D) Object X has traveled twice as far asobject Y.

(E) Object X has traveled four times as far asobject Y.

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Physics B

23. A builder is replacing a concrete wall with awooden one and wants the new wall to havethe same area and rate of heat flow through it asthe old wall. The thermal conductivities of woodand concrete are 0.1 W/m·K and 0.8 W/m·K,respectively. If the concrete wall is 40 cm thickand the temperature difference across the twowalls is the same, what thickness of wooden wallis needed?

(A) 2cm(B) 4 ern(C) 5 em(D) 20cm(E) 32 cm

24. A series of measurements are made of thepressure P and the volume V of a sample of .nitrogen gas kept at a constant temperature. It IS

desired to represent the data graphically so thatthe graph will be a straight line if the behaviorof the gas is ideal. Accordingly, which of thefollowing should be plotted?

(A) P as a function of V(B) VIP as a function of V

(C) PIV as a function of V

(D) P as a function of ljv(E) 1/P as a function of ljv

25. An object is placed 12 em in front of a concavemirror. The mirror forms a real inverted imagethat is the same size as the object, also at 12 em infront of the mirror. The focal length of the mirrorIS

(A) 3.0cm(B) 4.0 em(C) 6.0 cm(D) 12 em(E) 24 em

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Physics B

26. At a point of observation, the time betweensuccessive crests of a passing wave is 0.2 s.Which of the following must be true of thewave?

(A) Its wavelength is 0.2 m.(B) Its wavelength is 5 m.(C) Its period is 5 s.(D) Its frequency is 5 Hz.(E) Its velocity of propagation is 5 mls.

x Y

28. Which of the following experimental observationsprovides the best support for the statement, "Lightbehaves like a wave" ?

(A) Light can be reflected by a mirror.(B) Light is scattered when passing through

smoke.(C) Monochromatic light forms bright and dark

bands after passing through two narrow slits.(D) White light can be broken into component

colors by a prism.(E) Light is bent by a gravitational field.

27. The two wave pulses, X and Y, shown aboveare moving toward each other in the samemedium. Which of the following interferencepatterns could result at some instant as thepulses pass through each other?

1.

II. _

29. When a light wave passes from air into glass,quantities that remain constant include whichof the following?

1. FrequencyII. Wavelength

III. Speed

(A) I only(B) II only(C) I and III only(D) II and III only(E) I, II, and III

III.

(A) I only(B) II only(C) I and III only(D) II and III only(E) I, II, and III

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Physics B

32. A deuterium nucleus iH interacts with a lithium

nucleus j Li. Which of the following could NOT

possibly occur as the end products of this reactionbecause of violation of conservation of charge ormass number?

III~

Energyn ineV

3 ------ -,-- -r--- 12.1

2 102

l-- ---L...--.L-----O

31. 2~~ U undergoes a series of reactions in which it

emits eight iHe nuclei and six electrons . What is

the isotope that results from this series ofreactions?

30. The figure above shows a portion of the energylevel diagram for hydrogen. Possible transitionsamong the energy levels are represented byarrows I, II, and III. Which of the followinglists the transitions in order of their associatedwavelengths of light, from shortest wavelengthto longest wavelength?

(A) I, II, III(B) I, III, II(C) II, I, III(D) II, III, I(E) III, I, II

(A) 222Dy66

(B) 206TI81

(C) 206 Pb82

(D) 207 Pb82

(E) 2I4Ra88

I II(A) 4He+3H+2H2 1 1

(B) 2 3H + lH+ 2 In1 1 0

(C) 2 4He + In2 0

(D) 7Li + 2H3 1

(E) 8Li + IH3 1

vIII

J)() m mJ la, 3m mJ_33. A railroad car of mass m is moving with speed v

when it collides with and connects to a secondrailroad car of mass 3m, initially at rest, as shownabove. How do the speed and kinetic energy ofthe connected cars compare to those of the singlecar of mass m before the collision?

Speed Kinetic Energy

(A) Less Less(B) Less The same(C) The same Less(D) The same The same(E) Greater The same

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(B)

Physics B

34. A ball of mass m and momentum p has kineticenergy equal to which of the following?

2(A) IL

2 m

p2

m2

(C) 2 Lm

35. A simple pendulum consisting of a small objectof mass m attached to a string of length I.hasa period T. A pendulum with which of thefollowing combinations of object mass andstring length will also have period T?

Object StringMass Length

(A) m/2 I.

(B) m 1./4

(C) .J2m .e/.J2(D) 2m 4£(E) 4m U

Item 36 was not scored.

Questions 37-38

-f:------------r-­2.00x to-2 m

~--------'--Helium gas is flowing steadily through the pipe

shown above. The diameter of the pipe at the left end

is 2.00 x 10-2 m and at the right is 1.00 X 10-2 m.The flow is slow enough that the density of the gasremains essentially constant. The volume flow rate is

2.00 x 10-3 m3/s .

37. The speed of the gas in the right end of the pipe ishow many times the speed in the left end?

(A) 1/4(B) 1/2(C) 1(D) 2(E) 4

38. What is the speed of the gas in the left end of thepipe?

(A) 4 x 10-5 rnIs

(B) 0.10 rnIs

(C) 0.20 rnIs

(D) 2- rnIs1r

(E) 20 rnIs1r

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.. Physics B

I' '1Rough Section

-3 mls

,----,, ,, II II !

5 mls-B'- ----L..--'---

Questions 42-4339. The pressure exerted on the bottom of a damby the water in the reservoir created by the damdepends on the

(A) shape of the dam(B) area of the dam(C) depth of the water at the dam(D) surface area of the reservoir(E) shape of the bottom of the reservoir

40. A 3.0 kg block hanging from a spring scale issubmerged in a beaker of water until the springscale reads 20 N. What is the buoyant force onthe block?

(A) lON(B) 17 N(C) 37 N(D) 50N(E) It cannot be determined without knowing

the dimensions of the block.

41. A planet of mass m orbits a star of mass M,where m<<M. The orbit is circular, its radius isr, and its period is T. True statements about theplanet's orbit include which of the following?

I. The orbital speed equals 2;r.II. The gravitational force equals G~m.

r

III. If the orbital radius r were greater, T wouldalso be greater.

(A) I only(B) II only(C) I and III only(D) II and III only(E) I, II, and III

A block of mass 3 kg slides along a horizontalsurface that has negligible friction except for onesection, as shown above. The block arrives at therough section with a speed of 5 mls and leaves it0.5 s later with a speed of 3 mls.

42. What is the magnitude of the work done by thefrictional force exerted on the block by the roughsection of the surface?

(A) 24 J(B) 16 J(C) 8 J(D) 6 J(E) 3 J

43. What is the magnitude of the average frictionalforce exerted on the block by the rough section ofthe surface?

(A) 30 N(B) 12 N(C) 4.5 N(D) 4N(E) 3 N

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Physics B

T01====----+-----==. t

Direction ofPositive Current

(Js N~--~-

(A) I

(B) I

47. The magnet shown above is initially far awayfrom the conducting loop and is moved atconstant speed toward and completely throughthe loop. If T is the time at which the magnet ishalfway through the loop, which of the followinggraphs best represents the induced current I inthe loop as a function of time t?

A+B

C+q D1\I \

" \I E\I \

I \I \

I \I \

I \... ------ ..+Q -Q

(A) The object is accelerating as it moves.(B) The object's velocity is the same as its speed.(C) The object does not require a force to keep its

state of circular motion.(D) If the string breaks, the object will keep its

circular motion.(E) If the string breaks, the object will move

radially away from the center of the circle.

44. An object attached to one end of a string moves ina circle at constant speed. Which of the followingis correct?

T

j,-----+------"- t

F------T--~;.- t

oF---~---=- t

01==::----+------==;.- t

(C) I

(D) I

(E) I

45. Three point charges, +q, +Q, and -Q, are fixedat the comers of an isosceles triangle in the planeof the page, as shown above. Which arrow inthe figure represents the direction of the netelectrostatic force on charge +q due to the othertwo equal and opposite charges?

(A) A(B) B(C) C(D) D(E) E

(A) 2 V(B) 3 V(C) 6V(D) 9 V(E) 12 V

46. The magnetic flux for each tum of a 20-tum coildecreases from 0.30 T·m2 to zero in 2 s. The emfinduced in the coil is most nearly

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48. The index of refraction of air increases linearlywith its density. A ray of light passes through aninterface from vacuum into air. Statements thatare true as the air is heated at constant pressureinclude which of the following?

I. The frequency of refracted light in the airdecreases.

IT. The wavelength of refracted light in the airdecreases.

ill. The speed of light in the air increases.

(A) II only(B) lIT only(C) I and II(D) II and ill(E) I, II, and ill

Region 1

Laser

Region 3

Physics B

30

49. As shown above, two lenses are arranged so that a narrowlaser beam of parallel rays spreads into a wider beam ofparallel rays. If the lenses are interchanged, the light inregion 3 will be a beam of

(A) parallel rays narrower than the beam in region 1(B) parallel rays wider than the beam in region 1(C) parallel rays about the same width as in region 1(D) diverging rays(E) converging rays

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53. In the diagram above , what is the equivalentcapacitance between points P and Q?

Physics B

50. Traveling waves are generated on a string fixedat both ends. The string has a length L, a linearmass density 11, and a tension T. Which of the

following will cause the wave speed to increase?

I. Using the same string but increasing thetension

II. Using a longer string with the same 11 and T

m. Using a string with the same L and T but asmaller 11

p30 J.IF

20 J.IF

Q

(A) I only(B) II only(C) III only(D) lor II(E) lor III

(A) 6 J.lF(B) 24 J.lF(C) 25 J.lF(D) 50 J.lF(E) 100 J.lF

52. When a voltage V is connected across a capacitorof capacitance C, charges of equal magnitude Qand opposite sign are on the plates, and the energystored in the capacitor is U. If C is doubled and Vis not changed, how are Q and U affected?

51. The wavelength of yellow sodium light in vacuumis approximately 6.0 x 10- 7 m. The frequency of

the light is most nearly

(A) 2.0 x 10-15 Hz(B) 1.8 Hz(C) 1.8 x 102 Hz(D) 1.7 x 106 Hz(E) 5.0 x 1014 Hz

Q

(A) Halved(B) Halved(C) Not changed(D) Doubled(E) Doubled

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U

HalvedQuarteredNot changedDoubledQuadrupled

54. Two skaters are initially at rest next to each otheron frictionless ice. Skater A pushes on skater B. Ifskater A has greater mass than skater B, which ofthe following correctly relates the magnitudes oftheir momentums P and their kinetic energies Kafter the push?

(A ) PA = PB and K A < K B

(B) PA = PB and K A = K B

(C) PA = PB and K A > K B

(D) PA < PB and K A < K B

(E) PA < PB and K A = K B

55. Which of the following is true of the conservationof momentum and kinetic energy?

(A) Momentum is conserved only in elasticcollisions.

(B) Momentum is conserved only in inelasticcollisions.

(C) Kinetic energy is conserved only in elasticcollisions.

(D) Kinetic energy is conserved only in inelasticcollisions.

(E) Both require the same conditions in order tobe conserved.

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Physics B

56. Current I flows into and out of the page in twoparallel, long, straight wires that are fixed at twovertices of an equilateral triangle, as shown above.The net magnetic field at the third vertex (point P)due to these currents is in which of the followingdirections?

PI­I \

I "I \I \

I \I \

I \

I @---------@ I(into page) (out of page)

59. A force of constant magnitude F and fixeddirection acts on an object of mass m that isinitially at rest . If the force acts for a time intervaltJ.t over a displacement Llx , what is themagnitude of the resultant change in the linearmomentum of the object?

58. A student wants to determine experimentally,without disconnecting any wires in the circuit,the DC current moving through a copper wire.Which of the following items of laboratoryequipment would be sufficient to make thenecessary measurements for this determination?

(A) Magnetic field sensor only(B) Magnetic field sensor and meterstick(C) Bar magnet and meterstick(D) Stopwatch and meterstick(E) Voltmeter and ammeter

m

F tJ.t

FLlx

F tJ.t

(A)

(B)

(C)II

j

I

(A)

(C)

(B)

(D) ....--

(E) None of the above(D) F Llx

m

(E) mF tJ.t1-- ---- ---- - -- - - -- - ------ ---- -

X X X X X X X X X

x x x x x x x x x

IX X X X X X X X xB (into page)

x x x x x x x x x- - - - -- -- - - -- - - -- - - - - - -- -- - - - - ~

1..- --1:11:1-+ ---1

60. A ball is thrown with an initial speed of 20 rnls atan angle of 60° to the ground. If air resistance isnegligible, what is the ball's speed at the instant itreaches its maximum height from the ground?

(A) Zero(B) 10 rnls(C) 14 rnls(D) 17 rnls(E) 20 rnls

57. One section of wire in the circuit above lies in aregion containing a magnetic field B directed intothe page . The magnetic force on the section ofwire is directed

(A) into the page(B) toward the right(C) toward the left(D) toward the top of the page(E) toward the bottom of the page

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Physics B

65. A student working with glass objects and silveredmirrors traces light rays in the laboratory. Whichof the following ray tracings is drawn mostcorrectly?

(C)

(Bl&

61. The maximum energy of photoelectrons emittedfrom a metal surface depends on which of thefollowing?

I. The intensity of the incident lightII. The frequency of the incident light

III. The work function of the metal

(A) I only(B) III only(C) I and II only(D) II and III only(E) I, II, and III

62. For the hydrogen atom, how does the potentialenergy U of the atom change as the energylevel n increases?

(A)

I\~ Triangular

~ Glass Prism

GlassSphere

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(A) The potential energy always increases.(B) The potential energy always decreases.(C) The potential energy increases, then

decreases.(D) The potential energy decreases, then

increases.(E) The potential energy does not change.

33

ConvergingLens

ConcaveMirror

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PlaneMirror

(D)

(D) Lnxd

(E) nxdL

(E)

66. Young's double-slit experiment is performed witha pair of slits separated by a distance d. A screenis a distance L away from the slits, and the dis­tance from the central maximum to the nth brightfringe is x. What is the wavelength of this light?

(A) nxdL

(B) xdnL

(C) nLxd

FF

63. The present theory of the nature of light suggeststhat it

(A) is a wave only(B) consists of particles only(C) is a mixture of both waves and particles(D) exhibits either wave or particle properties

depending on the situation(E) exhibits neither wave nor particle properties

64. An object PQ is located to the left of aconverging lens having focal points F, as shownin the figure above. The image formed by thelens is

(A) real, inverted, and smaller than the object(B) real, inverted, and larger than the object(C) real, upright, and larger than the object(D) virtual, upright, and larger than the object(E) virtual, upright, and smaller than the object

67. A box is given a sudden push up a ramp. Frictionbetween the box and the ramp is not negligible.Which of the following diagrams best representsthe directions of the actual forces acting on thebox as it moves upward after the push?

(A)

Physics B

~: : ; : : I : : : : : : : I ·F

68. In a lab, a block weighing 80 N is attached to aspring scale, and both are pulled to the right ona horizontal surface, as shown above. Frictionbetween the block and the surface is negligible.What is the acceleration of the block when thescale reads 32 N?

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(A) 2.0 m/s2

(B) 2.5 m/s2

(C) 4.0 m/s2

(D) 6.0 m/s2

(E) 8.0 m/s2

4.0 kg

69. The system shown above is released from rest.If friction is negligible, the acceleration of the4.0 kg block sliding on the table shown above ismost nearly

(A) 0(B) 1.7 rnIs2

(<:) 3.3 rnIs2

(D) 5.0 rnIs2

(E) 10.0 rnIs2

70. A small car with mass m and speed 2v and alarge car with mass 2m and speed v both travelthe same circular section of an unbanked road. Ifthe frictional force required to keep the small caron the road without skidding is F, then the fric­tional force required to keep the large car on theroad without skidding is

(A) 4F(B) 2F(C) F(D) F/2(E) F/4

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