AP MC Latin America

What do you need to know?

Previous Essays on LA• 2002 CCOT relationship in global trade patterns 1750 –present choosing two

including LA• 2003 DBQ causes and consequences of indentured servitude COMP roles of

women 1750-1914 LA and others• 2004 CCOT Labor Systems 1750-1900 (choice)• 2005 CCOT social and economic transformations Atlantic world• 2006 DBQ Silver trade COMP outcomes of two revolutions Mexico 1910, China

1911 and Russia 1917• 2007 Comp Spanish (can include Americas)Maritime Empire with Ottoman or

Russian 1450-1800• 2009 COMP racial ideologies North America with LA/Carribean• 2010 CCOT changes in cultural beliefs and practices 1450- Present• 2011 CCOT long distance migrations, Comp Aztec with Mongol or Sudanic

Kingdoms

Which of the following was not a characteristic of early settled agricultural communities?

a) A fertility goddess as an important element in religious worship

b) The division of labor and the development of specialized skills

c) Cooperative public works projectsd) Equal status for men and womene) The development of immunity to contagious

diseases over time.

• D- Equal status… Patriarchy was developed as a result of the Neolithic revolution. In order to determine heir legitimacy

Interesting ancient comparison

• Which statement accurately contrasts Olmec and Sumerian civilizations?

• (A) The Sumerians made mathematical advances; the Olmec did not.

• (B) The Olmec had a writing system; the Sumerians did not.

• (C) The Sumerian government was centralized; the Olmec government was not.

• (D) The Sumerians used the wheel for transportation; the Olmec did not.

No wheel in the Americas prior to Columbus

• D in addition to the wheel, iron metallurgy and large animals as well as little East-West contact and developed immunities

Mayan and Mesopotamian political traditions are an example of which of the following?

• A. decentralized democracy• B centralized oligarchy• C. Decentralized monarchy• D.Centralized theocracy• E. Centralized autocracy

C decentralized monarchy

• City-states for both were led by priest kings ruling over polytheistic rituals and ceremonial centers

A general question on Pre-Columbian Americas…

All of the following are true of the major Amerindian civilizations in Central and South America prior to the arrival of Europeans except:

a) economies based on trade.b) monumental building.c) urban centers.d) differentiation of labor.e) social stratification

A. Economies based on trade

• Trade , while regional and limited compared to “old” world trading regions, was carried on by Meso-American and Andean civilizations including foodstuffs, textiles and labor

Impacts of earlier “mother” cultures

The Aztec civilization’s militaristic tone and use of human sacrifice was based on the earlier culture of the:

a) Incab) Mayac) Mound Buildersd) Toltece) Khazars

Toltecs… a “mother culture”

• Like the Olmecs and Maya, the Toltecs served as a mother culture.

• Like the Aztecs, Toltecs started nomadic and established tributary states using militaristic safe trade

• Teotihuacan-major trading hub for nomadic and sedentary groups in MesoAmerica

Aztec and Inca societies were both similar in that

• A. developed from the Mayan civlization• B. Acquired empires by means of military

conquest• C. Independently adapted iron technology• Depended entirely on oral record keeping

Military might: you guessed it!!!

• Most civilizations establish an empire through military conquest and then utilize that military trough safe trade

Colonizing: Columbian Exchange

• Between 1500 and 1800, Europeans were primarily interested in tropical colonies in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and in the Carribean because

• A. large profits could be made from products like sugar coffee and pepper

• B. the major European states were competing with each other for imperial hegemony

• C. these colonies had strategic military importance• D. these areas had small populations and were thus easy to

control• E. many Europeans were interested in getting away from

Europe’s wintry climate

Key word: Tropical

• A. sugar, coffee and pepper were important commodities which thrived in the tropical climates of the Indian Ocean and Carribean and facilitated coercive labor practices

A History Skill Question• Letters written by Franciscan friars• Pictorial records of the Mexica• Statues produced by local artists in New Spain• Histories written in Spanish and Nahuatl• • A historian examining Mesoamerica in the sixteenth century would best

utilize the sources above to analyze which of the following topics?• A The process of introducing the encomienda systemB How Christian ideas were communicated to and understood by AmerindiansC Conflicts between the Jesuits and the FranciscansD The extent of the decline of the Amerindians population

B Introduction of Christianity

• One of the most influential cultures in Iberian colonization of the Americas, missionaries brought schools, treatment of illness and some feudal self-sufficiency to the encomiendas

Comparisons

• Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Inca and Roman empires?

• (A) Both empires required all inhabitants to practice only the state religion.

• (B) Both empires enslaved all conquered populations.

• (C) Both empires relied on an extensive network of maritime trade.

• (D) Both empires were able to integrate distant provinces through extensive roadways.

D all roads lead to…

• Both the Inca and Romans developed extensive road systems linking thousands of miles for trade, government military response and communication

Another skill question

• A historian researching the effects of epidemic disease on the population levels of seventeenth-century colonial Peru would probably find which of the following sources most useful?

• (A) Church records of baptisms and funerals• (B) Accounts by Spanish doctors of cases of miraculous

healings• (C) Transcripts of court cases involving inheritances• (D) Petitions from Amerindian groups to the colonial

government requesting tax relief•

A. the church records

• The Roman Catholic church would be a definitive source of record keeping both in feudal Europe as well as colonial Latin America keeping tabs on populations through sacraments.

Yet another skill question

• Which of the following types of evidence would most strongly support the theory that the Americas were first populated by people migrating across a land bridge that connected Northeast Asia and North America?

• (A) The discovery of pottery from Ming China at a pre-Columbian site in Peru

• (B) American Indians’ lack of immunity to many diseases endemic to Afro-Eurasia

• (C) Data showing a close genetic relationship between American Indians and indigenous peoples of Siberia

• (D) Architectural similarities between the pyramids of Teotihuacán, Mexico, and Giza, Egypt

C its all in the genes

• Genetic DNA serves as some of the strongest data to prove earliest migratory patterns, Some evidence being found know suggest 25% of those earliest settlements may have hailed from Europe. As new evidence is found, newer theories are developed.

Conquest• Which of the following was the most important factor in enabling the

Spanish to defeat the Aztecs• A. Spanish were able to field larger armies• B. Spanish were able to use their understanding of Aztec culture to create

effective propaganda that weakened Aztec resistance• C. Spanish were able to exploit discontent within the Aztec state to trigger

a revolt of the lower classes against Aztec ruling class• D. Spanish were able to form military alliances with other indigenous

poeples who were enemies of the Aztecs• E. Spanish were able to devise effective countermeasures to the horse

cavalry that formed the bulk of the Aztec army

Divide and conquer

• Cortez used the legend of Quetzacoatl, discontent amongst tributary states and the OD nature of Aztec sacrifice to divide and conquer this decentralized Empire

Revolution

• The first successful revolution in the Carribean and South America was launched in

• A. Haiti• B. Argentina• C. Cuba• D. Colombia• E. Jamaica

Haiti

• 1791-1804 led by Tousiaint L’Ouverture, inspired by the American Revolution and taking advantage of the French freeing the enslaved, the first successful slave rebellion took place on this carribean island named after Taino word for mountains

20th Century Revolutions

• Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Chinese and Mexican revolutions during the 20th century?

• A. both promoted imperialism• B. both were supported by Japan• C. both promoted religious education• D. both were supported by an elite group of

landlords• E. both generated land redistribution policies

Meet a much newer boss

• E. the peasant led rebellions of Maosit in China and Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zappata, fought against the corruption and exploitation of the West and their neo-colonialist influence