Kiran Shila10/31/10Period 6

Unit III Vocab

Concepts of Culture

Acculturation – the exchange of cultural features that results when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first hand contact; the original cultural patterns of either or both groups may be altered, but the groups remain distinct.

Assimilation – the merging of cultural traits from previously distinct cultural groups, not involving biological amalgamation.

Cultural Adaptation – the evolutionary process by which an individual modifies his personal habits and customs to fit in to a particular culture.

Cultural Core/Periphery Pattern – The core-periphery idea that the core houses main economic power of region and the outlying region or periphery houses lesser economic ties

Cultural Ecology – the relationship between a given society and its natural environment as well as the life-forms and ecosystems that support its lifeways

Cultural Identity – the identity of a group or culture or of an individual as far as one is influenced by one's belonging to a group or culture.

Cultural Landscape – the distinct geographical areas or properties uniquely representing the combined work of nature and of man.

Cultural Realm – The entire region throughout which a culture prevails is called a culture realm or culture region.

Culture – the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social groupCultural Region - the geographical area that encompasses or seems to encompass a definite, specific culture or ethnic group.

Formal – Core, Periphery Functional – Node Vernacular – Regional Self-Awareness

Diffusion Types Expansion – Hierarchical, Contagious, Stimulus Relocation – The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to

another.

Innovation Adoption – is how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread through cultures.

Maladaptive Diffusion – of a process with negative side effects or What works well in one region may not in another

Sequent Occupancy – Refers to such cultural succession and its lasting imprint proposed by Derwent Whittlesey

Folk and Popular Culture

Adaptive Strategies – something diffuses to a place and its not valuable to them.

Anglo-American Landscape – an American, especially an inhabitant of the United States, whose language and ancestry are English.

Characteristics – pertaining to, constituting, or indicating the character or peculiar quality of a person or thing; typical; distinctive

Architectural Form – is both the process and product of planning, designing and constructing form, space and ambience that reflect functional, technical, social, and aesthetic considerations

Built Environment – the human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging in scale from personal shelter and buildings to neighborhoods and cites that can often include their supporting infrastructure, such as water supply or energy networks.

Folk Culture – the lifestyle of a culture

Folk Food – the food that a specific culture typically eats

Folk House – the housing that a specific culture typically lives in

Folk Songs – the songs and style of music that is created and performed by a specific culture

Folklore – consists of legends, music, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs,and customs that are the traditions of that culture, subculture, or group.

Material Culture – the artifacts or other concrete things left by past cultures.

Nonmaterial Culture – A component of culture that consists of the abstract or intangible human creations of society (such as attitudes, beliefs, and values) that influence people"s behavior.

Popular Culture – the totality of ideas, perspectives, attitudes, memes, images and other phenomena that are deemed preferred per an informal consensus within the mainstream of a given culture, especially Western culture of the early to mid 20th century and the emerging global mainstream of the late 20th and early 21st century.

Traditional Architecture – the methods of construction which use locally available resources and traditions to address local needs and circumstances.

Language

Creole – a stable language that has originated from a pidgin language that has been nativized (that is, acquired by children).

Dialect – a variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers.Indo-European Languages – are a family (or phylum) of several hundred related languages and dialects including most major languages of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and South Asia, and historically also predominant in Anatolia and Central Asia.

Isogloss – the geographical boundary of a certain linguistic feature, such as the pronunciation of a vowel, the meaning of a word, or use of some syntactic feature.

Language – the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication.

Language Family – a group of languages related by descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language of that family.

Language Group – set of languages with a relatively recent common origin and many similar characteristics

Language Subfamily – subcategories of a larger language structure that is similar to the larger ones

Lingua Franca – a language systematically used to communicate between persons not sharing a mother tongue, in particular when it is a third language, distinct from both persons' mother tongues.

Linguistic Diversity – is simply one which is in wide use as a primary form of communication by a specific group of living people.

Monolingual – the condition of being able to speak only a single language.

Multilingual – the act of using, or promoting the use of, multiple languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers.

Official Language – a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction.

Pidgin – a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common.

Toponymy – the scientific study of place names (toponyms), their origins, meanings, use and typology.

Trade Language – A language, especially a pidgin, used by speakers of different native languages for communication in commercial trade.