AP Human Geography 2011 - Islam
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Transcript of AP Human Geography 2011 - Islam
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A STUDY ON ISLAM
By Zack Hubbard and Connor Crump
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ORIGIN
Islam is an universalizing religion
Islam was founded by Muhammad but traces back to
Abraham and other prophets
Muhammad was a trade merchant in Arabia who
claimed to
be visited by the angel Gabriel
He was met with persecution as he began to preach
He fled from Mecca to Yathrib where had followers
This event is called the Hijira by the Muslims
Muhammad gained much recognition and created an
army to fight the Meccans
He defeated the Meccans in 630 and died in 632 after
conquering most of Arabia
After his death, Islam continued to spread because of
the caliphs
Connor Crump
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WHO IS MAN?
Man was created by Allah from a clot
of blood
Qur'an includes the fall of Adam but
does not affirm the idea of original sin
Everyone is born in a state of
submission to Allah
Repentance from sin allows one to
return to this state
Main sin is pride and the main virtue is
islam, which means submissionConnor Crump
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WHY IS MAN HERE?
Man is to submit to Allah
Five Pillars of Islam:
1. Shahada: reciting the Muslim
profession of faith
2. Salat: praying five times a day
3. Zakat: giving money to the poor
4. Sawm: Fasting during the month of
Ramadam
5. Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca
The pillars demonstrates putting faith
first in their lives
Connor Crump
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WHERE IS MAN GOING?
Islam teaches that there is life after death either
in paradise or in hell
Last Day: world will be destroyed and Allah will
raise the dead for judgment
Dead people wait in their graves until the Last
Day
Two exceptions
1. Those who die fighting for Allah are
immediately sent to paradise
2. Enemies of Islam are immediately sent to Hell
Judgment is based on deedsConnor Crump
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HOLY PLACES
Holy cities in Islam include Mecca,
Medina, Jerusalem, Karbala, and Najaf
Mecca is by far the most sacred
The fifth pillar of Islam (Hajj) requires a
Muslim to make a pilgrimage to Mecca
They perform many rituals including
circling the Kaaba seven times, throwing
stones at pillar that symbolizes the devil,
and drinking from the well of Zamzam
Connor Crump
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The major holiday for the Islamic
faith is Ramadan, a month of
obligatory daily fasting.
Fasting lasts from dawn until
sunset.
The entire Quran is recited in
Mosques.
This holiday allows Followers of
Islam to grow close to Allah.
Ramadan ends with a day-long
celebration called Eidul-
HOLIDAYS
Zack
Hubbard
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A mosque is the house of prayer in Islam.
There is no specific way for a Mosque to
be built, accept a few key points: an
indication to the direction Mecca, a
mihrab (a niche on the wall). A mosque
must have a roofed area in front of the
mihrab and there cannot be any doors on
the wall where the mihrab is placed, but
for other walls, there can be as many as
they want.
There are two types of mosques: The main
mosque is called jamaca and the other type
of mosque is called a masjid.
PLACES OF WORSHIP
Zack
Hubbard
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When a Muslim is near death, those
around him or her are called upon to
give comfort. They may recite verses
from the Qur'an, give physical comfort,
and encourage the dying one to recite
words of remembrance and prayer.
The family or other members of the
community will wash and shroud the
body.
Only the men of the community
accompany the body to the gravesite.
The deceased is laid in the grave facing
Mecca.
BURIAL PRACTICES
Zack
Hubbard
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The Crusades were a series of Holy
Wars launched by the Christian states
of Europe against the Muslims.
The reason for the crusades was a war
between Christians and Moslems which
centered around the city of Jerusalem.
The City of Jerusalem held a Holy
significance to the Christian religion.
In recent history, Muslims have faced
the United States in conflicts due to the
terrorists attacks on September 11th.
CONFLICTS
Zack
Hubbard
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Sufism (Sufism) may be best described
as a mystical practice that emphasizes
certain unique rituals for guiding
spiritual seekers into a direct encounter
with God. Muhammad is considered
their chief prophet and many consider
Sufism to be a mystical brand of Islam.
Bishr ibn al–Harith has said that, “the
sufi is he whose heart is sincere
towards God.” Thus, one of the words
from which Sufism is supposed to have
derived is safa meaning pure -- this due
to the purity of the sufis’ heart.
SYNCRETISM
Zack
Hubbard
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http://www.islam101.com/r
amadan
/
http://
worldreligions2.tripod.com
/id14.html
http://
islam.about.com/cs/elderly/
a/funerals.htm
http://
www.middle-ages.org.uk/th
e-crusades.htm
http://www.allaboutreligion
.org/sufism.htm
SOURCES