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Transcript of AP GOVERNMENT PUBLIC OPINION Chapter 5 PUBLIC OPINION The aggregate of individual attitudes or...
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AP GOVERNMENT
PUBLIC OPINIONChapter 5
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PUBLIC OPINION
• The aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs by some portion of the adult population
• No ONE public opinion• Consensus Opinion – majority portion
of the public expresses the same view
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• Divisive Opinion - when the public holds widely differing attitudes
• John Q Public – average man or woman on the street
• Middle America – (Kraft, 1968) refers to Americans not in poverty but not yet affluent & hold traditional middle class values
• Silent Majority – people w/traditional values (against counterculture)
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What Shapes Our Public Opinions?
1. FAMILY – the majority of young people identify with their parents’ political party
Most important factor!
– Table 5.1
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• When do we acquire our political knowledge?–Preschool – ideas of authority and
rules–Elementary School – concept of govt
as an institution AND political figures portrayed as honest and benevolent
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–Adolescence – Begin to identify with a political party (can id w/liberal and conservative)
–Adulthood – generally no change in political beliefs• Major life change could change
beliefs
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Other Factors that Shape our PO…
2. Religion – for 2 reasons:1. The social status of a religion
(Catholics and Jews were often poor immigrants and are more liberal)∴
2. Religious Tradition (Protestants emphasize personal salvation are ∴more conservative)
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Other Factors continue…
3. GenderMore women identify with the liberal view (Democratic)
Figure 5.1The gender gap is the difference in political views between men and women (Table 5.3)
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Other Factors continue…
4. Schooling – College students are more liberal than the general populationMore schooling increases the rate at
which people participate in politicsWHY? 3 reasons on page 110
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People more likely to vote…
• Middle age or older
• White• Highly educated• Outside the South• Male
• Married• White Collared
Job• Long time
residents• Wealthy
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SOCIAL CLASS
• Has changed over the decades–EX. Occupation - Professionals –
conservative in 50s but more liberal in 60s
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What has remained constant?
• Unskilled workers tend to be more Democratic
• ↑in higher educational degrees favors Democrats (16 points gained)
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RACE and ETHNICITY
• African Americans – Democratic• Whites – Republican• Are the differences narrowing?
– Younger AAs more likely to be Republican (26%) Table 5.6 (but is that trend changing with the election of Obama?)
– Differing views b/t leaders and AA citizens
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• Most Latinos are Democratic–Except Cubans – Republican–Mexican – most Democratic
• Asians more Republican–Japanese most conservative–Koreans more liberal
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REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
• Southerners more conservative (social issues)–Table 5.8 (only white Protestants)–Pro business (less so to organized
labor)–Less Democratic (Dixiecrats)
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Political Ideology
• Liberal v. Conservative• Either has a patterned of set beliefs
about how govt should operate• TWO MAIN CATEGORIES
–Economics and Personal Conduct
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Measuring Political Ideology…
1. Self labeling2. How accurate your ideology is
based on your views on particular subjects
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• Most Americans are moderates
Then Conservatives
Last Liberals
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Changes in the Definitions…
• Early 1800’s, liberalism meant personal and economic freedom from the state–Conservatives favored restoration of
the state (more govt control)• FDR – liberal referred to active govt
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DEFINE THE FOLLOWING:
• Pure Liberal• Pure Conservative• Libertarian• Populist• Political Elite (activists)
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INCONSISTENCIES in Public Opinions
• 1992-President George Bush• Presidential Approval rating at a low
(<40%)• Disapproval of Congress (about 80%)• Pride in being American over 90%• Belief in democracy over 60%
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Public Opinion Polling
• Sampling must be representative and random
• Complete list of all available people• Selection of a random # to be
interviewed–Equal chance of being chosen
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DIVISION OF U.S.• Division of nation into regions• Regions into subregions• Select several subregions in each
region • Random sample of each subregion
– Random # phone callers– Every X # of houses
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Sampling Error
• Difference between sample and entire population
Margin of Error• Accuracy of poll increases when
the # polled increases
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Other Inaccuracies
• Type of Questions–Emotional-loaded questions (please
the interviewer)–Differences in wording
• Respondents’ truthfulness
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Push Polling
• Given misleading information in the questions
• To vote AGAINST a particular candidate
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Opinions of Various Groups• Gender differences
–Health for women, defense for men• Age differences
–Less military-conscious at younger age
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• Class differences–Education and income gap–Poorer-gov’t assistance–Middle to upper class-support civil
liberties
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• Regional differences–South-strong military–South-prayer in school–White southerners-minimum support
for civil rights
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• Racial differences–Race gap–OJ Simpson (divisive opinions)–Civil Rights support–More than Million Man March–Criticizing the Katrina Efforts–% of AA who voted for Obama v. % of
all Americans who voted for Obama