AP European Review The Post-War World. 1. Before 1980, which two countries made serious (but...
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Transcript of AP European Review The Post-War World. 1. Before 1980, which two countries made serious (but...
1. Before 1980, which two countries made serious (but
unsuccessful) attempts to break away from Soviet control?
A. Hungary and Poland
B. Yugoslavia and Poland
C. Poland and Czechoslovakia
D. China and Hungary
E. Hungary and Czechoslovakia
2. The Arab oil embargo of 1973
A. led to the high inflation that undercut the economies of Europe for the remainder of the decade
B. had relatively little impact because fuel reserves throughout Europe remained adequate
C. brought about an East-West rapprochement as the Eastern Bloc provided much needed coal
D. brought about increased tensions among the countries of the European Union
E. led to a dramatic upsurge in the use of alternative energy
3. Following World war II, up to the 1960s,
Europe's population
A. declined due to Cold war conflicts
B. surpassed that of Asia and Africa
C. stagnated with the onset of artificial contraception
D. rose because of an increasing birth rate
E. fluctuated depending on the economy
4. In the immediate post-World War II
period most Western European states A. began to scale back on their more generous
entitlement programsB. expanded social services only for the poor
and elderlyC. continued to limit their spending on social
service programsD. focused on industrial expansion at the
expense of social spending.E. greatly expanded their social service
programs for all their citizens
5. Which Western European power experienced the greatest
degree of conflict in its decolonization efforts after 1945? A. West Germany
B. Belgium
C. Great Britain
D. The Netherlands
E. France
6. How did Gorbachev's policies open the way to
changes in the USSR? A. His perestroika provisions allowed the central economy to
reorganize its power.
B. Glastnost allowed the government to issue its new policies with a clarity that assuaged the public's worries.
C. Glastnost was the first time in 70 years that Soviet society experienced a liberalization of policies.
D. Perestroika underscored the deep problems in the economy and threatened traditional economic power.
E. Perestroika allowed so many western items to come in that the people demanded the same possibilities.
7. At the Second Vatican Council, a major goal for the Catholic Church was to
A. support the overthrow of communism in Eastern Europe
B. modernize the church's position on birth control
C. seek reconciliation for the papacy's actions during the Holocaust
D. open dialogues with other faiths and modernism
E. elect the first non-Italian pope since the fifteenth century
8. The American policy of containment
during the Cold war involved A. easing tension with the Soviet Union
through spheres of influenceB. invading Eastern Europe to liberate that
area from Soviet oppressionC. halting the spread of communism through a
variety of meansD. extending economic aid for humanitarian
relief effortsE. preventing the spread of Western Europe
as a competing power
9. Which issues contributed most to the schism
between China and the Soviet Union?
A. Mao's insistence on a different form of Marxism
B. Chinese stand on Taiwan
C. Soviet repression of the Hungarian revolution
D. Soviet backing of India
E. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
10. Which of the following describes a major
social change in Europe after World War II? A. Birthrates increased, as states encouraged
population growth.B. The standard of living remained at wartime
levels.C. Life expectancy decreased for the next
several decades.D. Extended families became common, to pool
scarce resources.E. The number of workers in scientific fields
decreased.
11. In the 1970s one of the biggest
threats facing the Italian government A. the collapse of the lireB. the increasing strength of the Italian
Communist PartyC. the inability to increase industrial
outputD. the reemergence of fascism as a
political forceE. was the escalation of political terrorism
12. Which of the following is true of the Second Vatican Council?
A. It promoted the ecumenical
movement.
B. It authorized the marriage of priests.
C. It reaffirmed the Syllabus of Errors.
D. It was opposed by Pope John XXIII.
E. It decreed that the Mass be said in Latin.
13. Existentialism is a post-World War II philosophy focusing on
A. opposing the Cold War division of Europe
B. developing a universal code of valuesC. the need for revival of religious beliefD. the importance of human choice and
responsibilityE. a view of humans as determined by
outside forces
14. Which of the following best describes the economic policies of Western European governments after World
War II?
A. a gradual reassertion of laissez-faire economic theory
B. nationalization of most industries to provide full employment
C. provision for welfare programs such as old-age pensions
D. movement toward the command economic model
E. focus on the agricultural sector at the expense of industry
15. The Western European country which stepped back from the process of European economic and military
unity in the late 1950s and 1960s was A. West Germany
B. Italy
C. Great Britain
D. France
E. the Netherlands
16. Which of the following accurately
characterizes a major cause of the Cold War? A. Soviet offers of economic aid to Western
EuropeB. the early Soviet monopoly of nuclear
weaponsC. disagreements over whether to de-Nazify
GermanyD. the superpowers' differing political systemsE. American designs on controlling Eastern
Europe
17. Charles de Gaulle encouraged France to develop its own nuclear force because
A. the conflict in Indochina would hinge on whether the French had nuclear arms.
B. the expense of a nuclear force allowed the French to reduce the size of their conventional forces
C. he doubted America's will to use its nuclear weapons in times of war.
D. he remained concerned about Soviet intentions
E. he wanted France to still be considered a great power
18. Comparing the results of the two world wars, which of the
following had the most influence on the development of a cold war?
A. Global economic power dispersed among many different regions.
B. The first treaties were too unequal to allow the build up of opposing factions.
C. There were few animosities among the winners of the Great War.
D. A successful victory led to an inevitable rebalance of global political power.
E. No powerful coalition can succeed without an opposing group.
19. Which of the following is NOT associated with the
European Union?
A. The European Union standing army
B. immigration issues
C. The European Economic Community
D. The Maastricht Treaty
E. The euro replacing the currency of individual countries
20. The initial reaction of the Russian government to the fighting
that broke out in Chechnya in the 1990s demonstrated that Russia
A. would defend its remaining republics against foreign invasion
B. was unwilling to grant independence to dissenting ethnic groups
C. needed the United States' resources to ensure stability in the region
D. favored re-establishing communismE. had little control over its arsenal of nuclear
weapons
21. the main purpose of the Treaty of
Maastricht was to A. adapt a common immigration policy among
the European Union countriesB. open up the European Union to RussiaC. establish unified military forces to be used
with NATOD. create a common currency system and a
central banking system for the European system
E. negotiate a reduction in tariff with the United States
22. In terms of domestic policy,
Brezhnev A. turned the economy away from heavy
industry to consumer goodsB. expanded Khrushchev's de-
Stalinization programC. reduced military spending.D. partially re-Stalinized RussiaE. gave greater autonomy to the non-
Russian minorities in the Soviet Union
23. All of the following were characteristics of
life during the Brezhnev era EXCEPT
A. lack of consumer goods
B. poor economic production by Soviet industry
C. lack of artistic freedom
D. victory in the war against Afghanistan
E. strict government control by the Soviet bureaucracy
24. Which of the following best characterizes the impact of the 1968 student revolts in France on the government of President
Charles de Gaulle?
A. Political instability forced de Gaulle to
withdraw France from NATO.B. De Gaulle was forced to request American
aid in subduing the revolt.C. The government and students reached a
power-sharing agreement.D. De Gaulle survived the revolt, but growing
unpopularity led to his resignation.E. Radical socialists used the event to
overthrow the Fifth Republic.
25. Milosevic's policy of "ethnic
cleansing" was A. the forced removal of non-Serbian groups
from Serbian-controlled areasB. a way to ensure peace throughout
YugoslaviaC. a treaty with the former Soviet UnionD. a way to unite all Serbs and non-Serbs into
a greater YugoslaviaE. a plan of attack against his neighboring
countries
26. German unification in October 1990
A. was strongly opposed by the FrenchB. occurred with remarkably few problems
since the West Germans had planned for this moment for decades
C. led to renewed calls to redraw the post-war boundaries of Germany and their Eastern European neighbors.
D. was secretly opposed by the United StatesE. was achieved at an economic cost far higher
than expected
27. In the 1990s governments across Western
Europe have begun to reassess A. their commitment to providing cradle-
to-grave social servicesB. their commitment to NATOC. their commitment to the Common
MarketD. their need for economic assistance
from EuropeE. their over-reliance on imported oil