AP European History Course Syllabus

Introduction:

The course teaches students relevant, factual knowledge about European History from 1450 through 2001. The course focuses

on three components of European History: intellectual and cultural history, political and diplomatic history, and social and economic

history. For much of the course, political topics (internal to specific countries) will receive somewhat more attention than diplomatic

(international relations) topics. However, connections can be made between domestic and international politics: e.g., the international

nature of conservatism in the early 19th century, and of Socialist and Communist movements in the 19th and 20th centuries. Students

explore social history with an emphasis on the experiences of different social classes, genders, and religious/ethnic groups, of which

economic activity is one part. The textbook and additional primary and secondary written, pictoral, and graphic sources will be used to

address these components throughout the course. Students will be expected to analyze and interpret historical evidence and

demonstrate understanding through written essays both based on documents (DBQs) and in response to prompts (FRQs).

Goals:

Students will be able to “chunk” European History according to defined periods of thought and action.

Students will be able to understand and cite the cause or multiple causes of historical events.

Students will be able to define important historical phenomena and experiences and compare them to similar events.

Students will learn to read, analyze, interpret, and evaluate primary and secondary sources for point of view and bias.

Students will understand that one’s historical experience is based on one’s group such as class, race, or gender.

Students will better understand who they are in relation to past and current events in order to make informed decisions.

Students will develop good writing skills based on understanding what is being asked, developing proper mechanics, and

developing a clear thesis for the question.

Text

Title: A History of the Modern World

Author: Palmer, Colton, and Kramer

Publisher: McGraw-Hill

Edition: Tenth

Copyright: 2002

Supplemental Source Readings

Title: Readings in World History Title: The Concord Review Volume 14 #2 Title: Sources of the Western Tradition Volume II

Publisher: Allyn and Bacon Publisher: Will Fitzhugh Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Company

Copyright: 1970 Copyright: 2003 Copyright: 1991

Title: The Social Dimension of Western Civilization Vol. 2 Title: Louis XIV and Absolutism- A Brief Study with Documents

Author: Richard Golden Author: William Beik

Edition: 5 Copyright: 2000

Copyright: 2003

Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin

Course Outline

Unit (Time Period) Key Concepts Activities (Readings, Maps,

Works of Art)

Time Frame

Foundations of Modern

European History

(500 BC-1300 AD)

Chapter 1

Greek contributions:

architecture, art, governments

Roman contributions:

Roman law

Religion- Roman Catholic and

Eastern Orthodox

upheaval caused by the fall of Rome

Medieval contributions:

Feudalism

Guilds

architecture (Romanesque and Gothic

Cathedrals)

Hundred Years War

spread of Christianity

corruption of the Catholic Church

Thomas Aquinas vs. St. Augustine

Biographical Sketches

Vocabulary

Art History Thumbnail

Assignment – Theme –

Portraits

2 Days

Renaissance and

Reformation

Secularization:

Humanism Biographical Sketches

6 Days

(1300-1648)

Chapters 2,3

Renaissance (rebirth of what?)

Problems faced by the Catholic Church-

Babylonian Captivity

lay religions

early reformers

Italian and Northern Humanists:

Machiavelli (Political Theory),

Erasmus

More

Castiglione

Petrarch

Renaissance Popes and their impact

Patrons:

Medici family and Church

Family and marriage patterns of the time

period

Gutenberg printing press and importance to

the Renaissance and Reformation

New Monarchs:

Tudors

Valois

Ferdinand and Isabella (Aragon &

Castile)

Habsburgs

Reconquista

Protestant Reformation:

religious, social, political, and

economic factors leading to the

reformation

Luther:

doctrinal differences

political rebellion

Calvin:

Vocabulary

FRQ: Contrast Renaissance

Florence with Reformation

Geneva with respect to

religion, government, and

everyday life.

Maps: Europe around 1600

and Europe after the Peace of

Westphalia

Readings:

“The Prince” by Niccolo

Machiavelli (Sources of the

Western Tradition Volume

II)

“On Papal Power,

Justification by Faith, and

the Interpretation of the

Bible.” (Sources of the

Western Tradition Volume

II)

predestination

religion not subject to state

Huguenots, Presbyterians, Puritans

Pope Leo X and Charles V

Counterreformation:

inquisition

council of Trent

Exploration and Settlement

Portuguese - Eastern Route to the Indies

Diaz and da Gama

Spain - Western Route to the Indies –

Columbus, Balboa, Magellan

Conquistadores - Cortes and Pizarro

Slave Trade

England, France, Dutch: Reasons they

were late in exploring

Commercial Revolution Entrepreneurs - Development of Middle

Class (bourgeois)

Domestic System/ Mercantilism -Guilds

Difference between E. and W. Europe

economically

Crusade of Catholic Spain

Phillip II – Century of Gold –

Political/religious unity

Netherlands Revolt:

Political,

economic,

religious (Council of Blood)

Intervention of England - Spanish

Armada

Civil/Religious War in France

Catholics vs. Huguenots –

nobility vs. king

St. Bartholomew Day Massacre

(Catherine de Medici)

Henry of Navare (IV)

Edict of Nantes

Louis XIII - Cardinal Richelieu

Social Change:

Forming of social classes – differences

between E. & W. Europe

Educational opportunities broaden

Thirty Years War:

German Civil War –

Austria and S. Germanic States vs.

Peace of Westphalia (sovereignty and

religious choice of Princes)

Absolutism in Europe

(1640-1763)

Chapters 4,5,7

France

Louis XIV - "Sun King" -

Universal Monarch - Balance of power/

William of Orange

Versailles

Centralized Gov't

Colbert - Financial Policies

Netherlands - Dutch

Stadholders

Center of Europe

Economically

Bank of Amsterdam – Carriers –

British Navigation Acts

Artistically

Baroque artists (Rembrandt, Hals,

Vermeer)

England

Biographical Sketches

Vocabulary

Readings:

“Charles Perrault on

Colbert’s plans to glorify the

King” (Louis XIV &

Absolutism)

“Excerpts from Louis XIV’s

Memoires for the Instruction

of the Dauphin” (Louis XIV

and Absolutism)

Essay: Compare the

governments of France &

8 Days

Queen Elizabeth

British Civil War

Stuart Line (James I and Charles I)

Cromwell

Prides Purge, Rump Parliament, Regime

of the Major Generals

Restoration: Church of England

(Dissenters) , Parliament, King

Stuart Line (Charles II and James II)

Test Act

Glorious Revolution

William and Mary - Bill of Rights –

Act of Settlement

Balance of Power established

War of Spanish Succession - Cause &

Effects

Failures of the Ottoman Empire, Holy Roman Empire,

and the Republic of

Poland

Ottoman Empire

Religious differences

Republic of Poland

Weaknesses of Central Gov't

Holy Roman Empire

Germanic Liberties

Rise of Austria Empire (Austria, Hungary, Bohemia)

Prince Eugene of Savoy

modernization of army

defeat of Turks

Charles VI - Pragmatic Sanction

Maria Theresa - Division of Poland

Rise of Prussia (Brandenburg/Prussia)

England during the 17th

Century.

Art History Thumbnails– Architecture

Fredrick William (The Great Elector)

Militarism - Junkers

Fredrick the Great

Division of Poland

Enlightened Despot

Rise of Russia

Secluded (E. Orthodox, Controlled by

the Mongols, Lack of Warm Water

Ports)

Ivan III and Ivan IV (The Terrible)

Romanov Dynasty

Michael (ends the Time of Trouble)

Peter the Great

Great Northern War

Warm water Port (St Petersburg)

Westernization

Catherine the Great –

Warm Water Port on the Black Sea

Division of Poland

Enlightened Despot

Economy of 18th Century

Global Economy established

Domestic System expanded

Contributions of the Dutch, French and

British to the Global Economy

Contributions of Asia, Africa, and

America to the Global Economy

Widening gap between rich and poor

Parliaments gain power

England

Hanover Dynasty

George I

France

Louis XV

Advisor to Louis

Duke of Orleans

Economic Disasters of the 18th Century

South Seas/Mississippi Bubbles

Joint Stock Companies created

Gov't gives monopolies

Cause of collapse and how each was

handled

John Law

Cardinal Fluery

Robert Walpole

Economic Wars of the 18th century

War of the Austrian Succession

Prussia invades Selicia

Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

Seven Years War/French and Indian War

Results: English dominance on sea

and exchange of Canada

Scientific Revolution and

Enlightenment

(1500-1783)

Chapters 6,8

Scientific Method

Bacon

Inductive method

“true knowledge”

Descartes

Analytical Geometry

Deductive Method

Systematic Doubt

importance of Math

Cartesian Dualism

Biographical Sketches

Vocabulary

Reading:

“Science in the Modern

World” (Readings in

World History)

6 Days

Medical Advances

Vesalius

Anatomy

replaced much of Galen's work from

Rome

Harvey

circulation of blood

Leeuwenhoek

discovery of bacteria

Astronomy 1500's

Copernicus

Heliocentric Theory

contradicts Ptolemy’s theory

Kepler

Law of Planetary motion

(elliptical orbits)

Galileo

Six times telescope and importance

Math and Physics

Newton

Calculus

Law of Gravity

Skepticism

no absolute truths

everything is relative

Baruch Spinoza

Religious views

"There are no just gov'ts"

Chronology

common dating system

Gregorian Calendar

Paleontography

deciphering, authenticating, and dating

DBQ Essay Format (1day)

DBQ Essay Writing (1day)

DBQ: How did political,

religious, and social factors

affected the work of

scientists in the 16th and 17th

centuries?

ancient documents

Political Theory

Thomas Hobbes

-absolutism

-"man is quarrelsome and if left alone

will fight"

-Man gives up individual rights and

freedoms and gov't protects the people

John Locke

-Constitutional

-"man is basically good but still needs

a gov't"

-Man agrees to obey the law and the

gov't protects their natural rights

-Man is obligated to overthrow gov't if

gov't doesn’t protect their natural rights

Philosophes

Diderot - "Encyclopedia"

Montesquieu

Aristocrat

"Spirit of the Laws"

Separation and Balance of Power

Gov't based on climate and

circumstance

Voltaire (Francois-Marie Arouet) –

Bourgeois

"Crush the infamous thing"

"I do not agree with a word you say

but will defend to my death your right

to say it"

Any gov't is okay if it is enlightened

Rousseau

"Social Contract" and "Emile"

Individual will must give in to the

general Will

"Man is born free and everywhere is in

chains"

Forerunner of Democracy and

Romanticism

Physiocrats

Adam Smith - "Wealth of Nations" -

move from Mercantilism to Free trade

Enlightened Despots

France: Louis XV and XVI

Why enlightenment was least successful

in France

England: sought Democratic reforms -

Already had a workable form of gov't

Prussia:

Fredrick the Great

Enlightened reforms were limited to

those that didn't interfere with Militarism

Austria:

Joseph II - Enlightened reforms

Leopold II

Russia:

Catherine the Great

Gave Nobles rights

Pugachev's Rebellion

Repression follows

American Revolution

Causes

Declaration and Constitution

French Revolution and

Napoleonic Europe

(1780-1848)

Chapters 9,10

Background and Causes

Old Regime

Debt

Inequality

Eminent Property

Feudal taxes and privileges

American Revolution

Poor Harvests/Inflation

Significant Events

Great Fear

Tennis Court Oath

Storming of the Bastille

Executions of Louis XVI, Marie

Antoinette, and Robespierre

Reign of Terror

Coup d' etat of Fructidor and Brumaire –

Napoleon's plebescites

Governments

Old Regime - Constitutional

Monarch/Elected Legislative Assembly

1st Republic

Commune (revolutionary gov't in Paris)

Committee of Public Safety - Dictatorial

Directory (electors, Council of 500 and

Council of Ancients, 5 Directors)

Consulate (3 consuls - Napoleon is 1st

Consul)

Empire

Documents

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Constitutions –

Declaration of the Rights of Man and

Citizen

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

Biographical Sketches

Vocabulary

Comparison Chart: Declaration of Independence

and Declaration of the Rights

of Man and Citizen

Reading:

“Political Culture and

Female Sociability in the

French Revolution” by

Dominique Godineau (Social

Dimensions)

Maps: Europe in 1812 and

Europe after the Congress of

Vienna

FRQ: Analyze various ways

in which government

policies during the

Revolutionary and

Napoleonic era contributed

to a greater sense of French

national identity in the period

1789 to 1815.

6 Days

(put the Church under the State)

Declaration of Pillnintz (Famous "If" by

Leopold II)

Groups

Jacobins, Ghirondins, Herbitists, Sans

Culottes, Mountains, Royalists,

Refractory Clergy, Constitutional

Clergy, Émigrés, Revolutionaries,

Counterrevolutionaries

People

Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette,

Robespierre, Danton, Marat, Leopold II,

Napoleon

Results of the Revolution

Equality

(civil rights, taxation, no titles of

nobility, under the law),

private property,

constitutions and male suffrage

Control by Napoleon

Grand Empire

(French Empire & Dependent States)

Allied States

Areas not controlled by Napoleon

England

Balkan Peninsula

Portugal

Napoleonic Reforms

Equality

Napoleonic Code

Constitutions

Abolishment of Feudalism

Religious Toleration

Continental System

Purpose & Results

Nationalism develops during this time

Spain - Germanic States - Italy - Poland

Despotism of Napoleon

Secret Police - Dependent states must

send soldiers and money

Europe forced to abide by the continental

system

Constitutions justified his absolute power

Napoleon's Downfall and Defeat

Russia (Alexander I)

Exile

100 Days/ Waterloo

Exile

Congress of Vienna

Metternich

Create balance of Power around France

Restore boundaries and gov'ts

Ignores nationalism

Leads to 50 years of revolution in Europe

Reaction vs. Progress

(1815-1871)

Chapters 11,12,13

Industrial Revolution

Agricultural Revolution

Laissez Faire

"Natural Laws of Market Economy"

Iron Law of Wages

Ricardo & Malthus

"Dismal Science"

Problems associated with workers in the early

factories and mines

Problems associated with the new factory towns

Biographical Sketches

Vocabulary

Isms Chart: Comparison

with twenty isms throughout

History

Reading:

“Factory Discipline in the

10 Days

Creation of the Proletariat

Ways to achieve change:

Unions

Socialism

Realist Writers

Triumph of Bourgeois

Development of "ISMS"

FLOOD Liberalism

Capitalism

Radicalism/Republicanism

Nationalism

Socialism

Chartism

Constitutionalism DIKE

Absolutism

Conservatism

DIKE & FLOOD in Europe

Revolution in France:

Louis XVIII

White Terror

Charles X

July Ordinances

July Revolution

Abdication

Louis Phillipe

"Bourgeois Monarch"

Feb. Revolution

Revolution in Germany:

Burschenschaft

Carlsbad Decrees by Metternich

Revolution in England:

Industrial Revolution” by

Sidney Pollard (Social

Dimensions)

Art History Thumbnails –

Historical, Revolutionary,

Women, & Religious

Reading:

“The Rise of Socialism &

The Rise of Nationalism”

(Readings of World History)

FRQ: “In the second half of

the nineteenth century, most

European governments were

conservative.” To what

extent is this quotation

accurate? Use specific

examples from at least TWO

countries.

Corn Laws

Peterloo Masacre

Six Acts

Repeal of corn laws - signals shift in power

from aristocracy to bourgeois

Reform Bill - redistribute voting districts to

take in allow for factory towns

Revolution in Belgium:

Sought independence from the Netherlands

Other Congresses (Aix-la-Chappelle, Troppau,

Verona)

Success: Maintained conservatism

Failure: because of individual interests

Revolution in France

Feb. Rev. - Abdication of Louis Philippe

Provisional Gov't - Louis Blanc (Socialist)

Social Workshops - for the Proletariat BUT

paid for by the Bourgeois

Bloody June Days - Class war

(proletariats vs. bourgeois)

Republican Constitution

universal male suffrage

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte elected President

Louis Napoleon maneuvers to become

Napoleon III

Revolution in Austria

Magyars (Hungarians) led by Louis Kossuth

Nationalist movement

Revolution in Germany

Frankfurt Assembly

Purpose: Create a unified Germany

Declaration of the Rights of the German

People excludes Austria

Failure: lack of power or authority

Realpolitik Theory

Development of Marxism

1st and 2nd International –

"Communist Manifesto" by Marx and Engels

Marxist Theory

Crimean War:

Cause: Russia invades Ottoman Empire under the

pretext of protecting the Christians in the area

they really just want land

Sides:

Peace of Paris:

Integrity of Ottoman Empire is guaranteed in

order to maintain the Balance of Power in Europe

Italian Unification

Mazzini - Risorgimento

Cavour (Prime Minister of Piedmont)

intend on unifying Italy

Franco-Austrian Agreement

Garibaldi (Red Shirts)

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies unites with N.

Italy

Victor Emanuel III becomes 1st King of Italy

Venetia is added in 1866

Papal States come into Italy as the Vatican is

created in 1870

German Unification

Prussia - Bismarck

Schleswig-Holstein Question

Austro Prussian War (Seven Weeks War)

Northern German Confederation

Franco Prussian War

German Empire created

Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary

Ausgleich

Slavs left out - later problems

Liberalization of Russia

Alexander II

Emancipation Act

Mir Reforms of the Legal System

Zemstvos

Assassination

Alexander III

Repression

Canada

Lord Durham

Dominion of Canada

Become a member of the British

Commonwealth of Nations

Westernization of Japan - Meiji Dynasty

European World Supremacy

(1871-1914)

Chapters 14,15,16

Zones of Civilization:

Inner, outer, 3rd

World Economy

Free Trade

Economic Barriers

Tariffs

Europe's Balance of Payments

Export of European Capital

Biographical Sketches

Vocabulary

Reading:

“Social Darwinism” by

Linnea N. Meyer (Concord

Review)

9 Days

Big Business: Monopolies and trusts

Advance of Labor Unions

Advance of Democracy

France: 3rd Republic - Dreyfus Affair

England: Constitutional Monarch

Queen Victoria

Liberal Party (Gladstone)

Conservative Party (Disraeli)

Ireland: Home Rule

Suspended (WWI)

Dominion Status

Germany: Bismarck

Kulturkampf - failed

Antisocialist Laws - failed

Overall Democratic Reforms: Extension of

suffrage, relaxation of property qualifications,

mass political parties replaced older parties,

written constitutions (everywhere but Russia),

representative institutions

Advance of Socialism:

1st International: set up socialist philosophy

2nd International: set up socialist parties

Split of socialist parties

Revolutionaries (Bolsheviks) vs.

Revisionists (Fabians and Mensheviks)

Dictatorship of the Proletariat Science:

Darwin -Evolution

"Origin of Species" & "Descent of Man"

Mendel - Genetics

Psychology - Freud & Pavlov

Physics - Radiation/Energy

Albert Einstein (theory of relativity)

Philosophy:

Comparison Chart: Old

Liberalism and New

Liberalism

DBQ – How Russians

perceived the condition of

the Russian peasantry and

how they proposed to change

that condition.

Art History Thumbnails– Genre & Social

Commentaries

Reading:

Europe Turns to Expansion

(Readings in World History)

Cause and Effect of

Imperialism Chart

Nietzsche

"Christian values (humility, patience,

brotherly love, and hope) were a slave

morality concocted by the weak to disarm

the strong - much better qualities were

courage, love of danger, intellectual

excellence, and beauty of character

(classical paganism)

Development of Agnosticism: Herbert Spencer and

Ernst Haeckel

"Anything unknowable to science must

remain unknowable forever – the

acknowledgement of ignorance

Religion:

Protestants: Fundamentalists vs. Modernists

Catholics: Vatican council-Papal Infallibility

Acceptance of the Vatican (1 mile square)

Judaism: anti semitism, zionists,

emancipation vs. assimilation

New Liberalism: more democratic, economic

nationalism, religious freedom

Imperialism: (colonies, protectorates, spheres of

influence)

Causes & Motives

Surplus Capital Theory

Hobson and Lenin

Self Protecting & Self Sustaining Empire –

Chamberlain

White Man's Burden - Rudyard Kipling

Advance empire, raw materials, market for

goods, scientific discoveries, humanitarian,

religious conversion

Positive and Negative results of Imperialism

Africa: Stanley - Dr. Livingston - Leopold II

East/West & North/South Belts

Fashoda Crisis

Boer War

China: Spheres of influence

Problems of Manchu Dynasty

Taiping Rebellion

Boxer Rebellion

Opium War

Japan:

Russo-Japanese War

Effects:

Leads to WWI

Russian Revolution

Revolts in Asia

WWI and Russian

Revolution

(1914-1939)

Chapters 17,18

Causes:

Military buildups / naval race

Alliance:

Triple Alliance & Triple Entente

Balkan Peninsula problems

Extreme Nationalism

Race for Empire - problems caused by

imperialism

Sequence of Events

Assassination of Arch Duke Francis

Ferdinand (Heir to Aust-Hung. Throne)

Blank check given to Austria from Germany

Ultimatum to Serbia

Russian troops begin to mobilize

Biographical Sketches

Vocabulary

Chart:

Snowballing to War

Maps: Europe in 1914 and in 1918

Reading: “The Price of Glory: Verdun

1916” by Alistair Horne

(Social Dimensions)

6 Days

Germany warns Russia to stop mobilization

Ultimatum is refused by Serbia feeling they

will lose their sovereignty

Austria declares war on Serbia

Germany declares war on Russia & France

Schleifen Plan

Germany invades France through

Netherlands and Belgium

England declares war on Germany

New Weapons used in WWI

Warfare on both Eastern and Western front

Battles of Marne, Somme, & Verdum

Russian Revolution:

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

America enters WWI:

Sinking of the Lusitania

Zimmerman Telegram

Weimar Republic is created

Peace Settlements:

Peace of Paris of 1919

Desires of Countries at peace conference:

Britain (reparations and revenge)

France(revenge and Protection from Germany)

U.S.A. (lasting peace - 14 pts)

Italy (land), Japan (land)

Wilson's 14 pts

Treaty of Versailles

War Quilt Clause

Results of Paris Settlements

Weimar republic is forced to sign treaty

Italy and Japan are upset because they don't

receive the land they wanted

League of Nations is set up without U.S.A.,

Reading: “Bolshevik Revolution and

World Communism”

(Readings in World History)

Comparison Chart: Russian Economy (War

Communism, N.E.P., 5 year

Plans)

Germany, and Soviet Union

Pre Revolution:

Revolutionary Parties

Social Democrats:

Bolsheviks (Revolutionary)

Mensheviks (Revisionists)

Rev. Leaders:

Plekhanov

Axelrod

Lenin (exile)

Stalin (exile)

Trotsky

Revolution of 1905:

Bloody Sunday

Oct. Manifesto

Stolypin Reforms

Stages of the Russian Revolution-March 1917

Russian Rev.

Petrograd Soviets

Duma Committee

Provisional Gov't

Prince Lvov

Alexander Kerensky

Abdication of the Czar

Bolshevik Revolution-Nov. 1917

Provisional Gov't calls for an elect

Constituent Assembly

Lenin: Promises "Peace, Bread, and Land"

Backed by Trotsky who controls the

Petrograd Soviets

Lenin and the Bolsheviks overthrow the

Constituent Assembly

Establish "Dictatorship of the Proletariat"

Civil War:

Reds (Bolsheviks or Communists) vs.

Whites (all other political groups)

Allies of WWI back the Whites in order to

get Russia back into the War

War Communism is established as the

economic policy

Reds defeat the Whites and the U.S.S.R. is

Established

U.S.S.R. (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)

State: Power goes from bottom up (democratic-

people elects their leaders)

Under control of party

Bicameral Parliament: Soviet of Nationalities &

Soviet of the Union

Party:

Power from the top

(Central Committee-Politburo-General

Secretary)

Only 1 political party is allowed

Communist

limited to an elite few

Purges of political party

Party members at all levels of Gov't

N.E.P. (New Economic Program) - Kulaks

Power struggle after death of Lenin

Trotsky "Permanent Revolution" vs. Stalin

5 Year Plans:

Collectivization (Kulaks)

Industry (Heavy Industry & Quotas)

Purges

International Communism:

3rd International (Comintern)

The Interwar Period (1919-

1939)- Chapter 19,20

Social Democracy is advanced everywhere

Central/Eastern Europe Economic Problems

Weimar Republic

Sparticist Rebellion (communist uprising)

Kapp Putsch (put down by workers in the city

shutting everything down)

Dealing with the Versailles Treaty

$35 Billion Reparations

leads to inflation

Ruhr Valley Incident -catastrophic inflation

Dawes Plan:

Responsibility of France, U.S.A., and

Germany

Spirit of Locarno

Asian Revolts:

against foreign control

Turkish Rebellion:

Mustapha Kemal (Ataturk)

Separation of Church and State

Westernization of Customs and Economy

Persia : Iran

India: Gandhi & Nehru (nationalist leaders)

Chinese Revolution:

Dr. Sun yat-sen

"Three People's Principles"

benevolent dictator

Kuomingtang

Ally with communist Russia

Chiang Kai-shek replaces Sun yat-sen

Biographical Sketches

Vocabulary

Readings:

“The Kellogg-Briand Pact”

(Readings in World History)

“The Great Depression”

(Readings in World History)

DBQ- How did Europeans

perceive the role of

organized sport from 1860-

1940?

4 Days

Kuomingtang splits:

Chinese Red Army led by Mao Tse Tung

and Nationalists (Kuomingtang) led by

Chiang Kai-shek

Long March:

Chinese Red Army flees to N. China

Alliance of Kuomingtang and Communists to

fight Japan in WWII

The Great Depression:

Gov't reactions:

Deficit Financing (New Deal) FDR

Retrenchment (Ramsey McDonald)

Economic Nationalism

Ireland:

Irish Republic / Ulster

Sinn Fein Party / IRA

France:

3rd Republic

Diminished effects of the depression

Conservatives - Raymond Poincare

Popular Front - Leon Blum

Radical Socialists - Daladier

Italy:

Mussolini "Duce"

Fascism / Corporate State

March on Rome (protect against communists)

Blackshirts

Germany:

Third Reich

Beer Hall Putsch

Hitler

Brownshirts

Effects of the Great Depression

Adolph Hitler:

Fuhrer

"Mein Kampf"

Extreme Nationalism

President Hindenburg names Hitler Chancellor

Hitler voted Dictatorial Power

Gestapo

Anti-Semitism

Kristallnacht "night of broken glass"

Nuremburg Laws

Totalitarianism:

Only 1 political party

Purges / Secret Police

Censorship and propaganda

glorification of War

State is more important than the individual

Gov't control of economic system

WWII

(1939-1945)

Chapter 21

Weakness of Democracies

Pacifist Gov'ts:

Maginot Line

French Defensive system

Disunity of the World

Isolationism:

U.S.A.

Hitler:

Gradual Encroachment

Repudiation of Versailles Treaty

Military expansion

Biographical Sketches

Vocabulary

Reading: “German Killers in the

Holocaust: Behavior and

Motivation: by Christopher

R. Browning (Social

Dimensions)

2 Days

Rearm the Rhineland

Anschluss - peaceful annexation of Austria

Spanish Civil War

supported Fransisco Franco

practiced Blitzkreig

Munich Crisis - appeasement by Daladier &

Chamberlain

Sudetenland given to Hitler

End of Appeasement:

Fall of Czechoslavakia

Nazi-Soviet Pact

Openpart (non aggression pact)

Secret part (divide up Poland)

WWII begins 1939:

Invasion of Poland (W-Germany, E-USSR)

Phony War 1940:

Hitler invades Norway, Sweden,

Denmark, Netherland, Belgium, France

Dunkirk

France Falls:

Occupied in the North and Vichy France

in the South

Mussolini's endeavors

Battle of Britain:

RAF – Churchill

Hitler invades the U.S.S.R.:

Battle of Stalingrad and Leningrad

Hitler invades N. Aftrica (attempts to take the

Suez Canal to join with Japan)

Turning Points in European Theatre

Battle of El Alamein

Battle of Stalingrad

Battle for Sicily

Comparison Chart: Cost and Causalities of WWI

& WWII

Art History Thumbnails– Reflections of Time Periods

In History

FRQ: Considering the

period 1933 to 1945, analyze

the economic, diplomatic,

and military reasons for

Germany’s defeat in the

Second World War.

War in the Pacific Theater

Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941

Japanese Domination

Turning Points in the Pacific Theatre

Battle of Coral Sea

Battle of Midway

Crucial Battles for the Allies in the Pacific

Philippines - Douglas MacArthur

Okinawa, Iwo Jima

Atomic Bombs

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Conferences held during the war:

Atlantic Charter

Teheran

Casablanca

Yalta

Potsdam

Big Three

Holocaust

Final Solution

Camps-Auschwitz, Treblinka, Belzec, Sobibor

War Crimes Trials

Eastern Europe:

Communism

"Iron Curtain has descended"

Germany-Division between France, England, U.S.A.,

and Russia

Postwar Europe

(1945-1955)

Chapter 22

The Cold War

Super Powers :

U.S.A. & U.S.S.R. (Political, Social, &

Economic Differences)

United Nations:

Biographical Sketches

Vocabulary

3 Days

General Assembly and Security Council

(5 permanent members)

NATO / Warsaw Pact

Baruch Plan

Nuclear Arms Race

Truman Doctrine:

"stop the spread of communism"

Cominform

International Communism

Berlin Blockade

Berlin Airlift

Result (E. & W. Berlin and Berlin Wall)

Korean War-UN War???

Economic Reconstruction

Marshall Plan:

Western Europe (accept the Marshall Plan)

Eastern Europe (not allowed to accept the

Marshall Plan)

Political Reconstruction of Western Europe

Britain:

Parliamentary Socialism

Labour / Conservative Parties

France:

4th Republic

Charles de Gaulle

Rally of the French People

French Algerian War

5th Republic

Charles de Gaulle elected President

ends French Algerian War

Germany:

Denazification

GDR

Map: 1945-1989

Readings: “Cold War and The Truman

Doctrine” by Trent

Magruder (Concord Review)

“Prague Spring of 1968” by

Jessica Pfeffer

(Concord Review)

(East Germany - communist)

Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany

- democratic)

Wirtschaftswunder - "economic miracle"

Konrad Adenauer

Willy Brandt

Ostopolitik (openess with E. Europe)

Italy:

Christian Democrats vs. Communists Global

Economy:

Free Market Economies

European Integration

ECSC & EEC (Common Market)

Communist World

U.S.S.R.:

Stalin

Terror

KGB

Khrushchev:

Destalinization

Peaceful Coexistence

Cuban Missile Crisis

Brezhnev:

Brezhnev Doctrine

Eastern Europe

Yugoslavia:

Marshal Tito - goes his own way

Comecon

Soviet Marshall Plan

Repression: E. Germany, Hungary,

Czechoslovakia (Prague Spring), Poland

China:

Civil War:

People's Republic of China (communist –

mainland) & Nationalist China (democratic

Taiwan)

Communist China:

Chairman Mao

Great Leap Forward

Cultural Revolution

Devolution and Nationalism

(1945-2001)

Chapter 23, 24

End of European Empires in Asia

India

Gandhi & Nehru (Nationalist leaders)

Non violent revolution for independence &

greater tolerance within India

1947 - Britain creates India & Pakistan

Mass expulsions & migrations

Gandhi assassinated by a Hindu extremist

Nehru

President

Parliamentary Democracy

Problems:

Religious Differences (Hindu/Muslim)

Huge gap between rich and poor

Caste system

Pakistan Civil War

Creation of Bangladesh (E. Pakistan)

Pakistan and India still fighting over Kashmir

Indochina (French)

Vietnam backed by the communists fought for

independence from France (1946-1953)

Ho Chi Minh

Communist Vietnamese

Viet Minh

U.S.A. aided France financially

Biographical Sketches

Vocabulary

Reading:

“UN Declaration of Human

Rights”

FRQ: Analyze various

factors that contributed to the

process of decolonization in

the period 1914 to 1975.

3 Days

1954 - Geneva Conference

Recognized independence of Vietnam,

Cambodia, and Laos

Vietnam partitioned at the 17th parallel until

elections could be held

Civil War breaks out between the N. and S.

Vietnam War:

U.S.A. sides with the South to prevent spread

of communism

Philippines (America)

1946 - Full independence was granted

Ferdinand Marcos (President )

virtually a dictator

1986 forced into exile

Corazon Aquino

replaced Marcos as president

Democracy and civil rights

African Revolutions:

French North Africa;

French-Algerian War (7 years)

Charles de Gaulle (new Pres. of France)

grants Algeria independence

South Africa

Afrikaners

Apartheid

Nelson Mandela

African National Congress International

Sanctions

Pres. F.W. deKlerk

Reforms to end Apartheid

Overall Results of African Revolutions:

Independence from Foreign rule

Problems:

Civil war

Dictators

lack of human and civil rights

famine

"African Socialism"

epidemics (AIDS)

ethnic slaughter

economic stagnation

Middle East:

Arab World:

unified by a common opposition to the

State of Israel

Israel:

Zionism

Balfour Declaration in 1917

Britain terminates mandate of Palestine

1947: UN divided Palestine into Jewish and

Arab Zone

1948: Israel backed by U.S.A. declared the

Republic of Israel

1st Arab/Israeli War:

Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, and Iraq

invade Israel

Results:

Israel gains W. Jerusalem Jordan gained

the W. Bank and control of E.

Jerusalem

Arab states refuse to accept a half

million Palestinian refugees

Israel builds a modern, urban, industrial,

democratic nation

2nd Arab/Israeli War:

"Six Days War" (1956)

Cause: Nasser (Egypt) closed the Suez

canal to Israel and then moved to close

the Gulf of Aqaba which will strangle

Israeli economy

Israel retaliates by striking Egypt

Results:

Israel defeats Egypt, Syria, and Jordan

Israel gains:

W. Bank (Jordan)

Golan Heights (Syria)

Sinai Pen.

Gaza Strip (Egypt)

Israel now 4 times its original size

3rd Arab/Israel War:

"Yon Kippur War" (1973)

Sadat (Egypt) attacks Israel on Yom

Kippur

International intervention

American mediated settlement:

Israel withdrew from W. Bank of Suez

but continued to occupy the Sinai Pen.

1979:

Peace accord between Israel and Egypt

Israel withdrew from Sinai

Egypt allowed Israel to use Suez

1964:

PLO organized under Yasir Arafat

4th Arab/Israel War:

Lebanon was in Civil War (Muslims vs.

Christians)

PLO guerrilla's made raids into Israel and then

retreated and hid in Lebanon

Israel invades Lebanon and forces PLO to

leave

"Territory for Peace -1993:

Israel recognized the PLO

1st step for Palestinian self-gov't in occupied

territories (Jericho on W. Bank and Gaza

Strip)

PLO recognized Israel as a legitimate State

Iran:

Revolution

Islamic Fundamentalists (Shi’ite

Revolutionary Leaders)

Shah flees

Ayatollah Khomeini returns from exile and

assumes leadership of "Islamic Republic"

Islamic Law (as interpreted by the clerics)

took precedence over secular law

Revolutionary students seize the American

Embassy- 15 months

Iran/Iraq War:

Border Dispute

Iraq backed by U.S. and Iran backed by

U.S.S.R.

Persian Gulf War:

Iraq -- to recover losses from war with Iran

invades Kuwait

The Developing World

The End of Empires

Third World Countries

1st world countries led by the U.S. aided the

economic & social development

1960's - known as the "Developmental Decade"

Financed projects for improving agriculture,

building industry, and combating

disease and illiteracy

Advances in 3rd world countries were SLOW

NIC's (Newly Industrialized Countries )

between 3rd world and 1st & 2nd world

Countries that had the potential to turn their

national wealth into modernization of

economies and societies

4th World Countries:

impoverished nations with huge populations

Sub-Saharan African States, Bangladesh, Haiti

Coexistence and

Confrontation

(1955-1989)

Chapter 25,26

Confrontation and Détente from 1955-1975

Khrushchev:

Possibility & necessity for "Peaceful Coexistence"

Eisenhower: Continued Policy of "Containment"

NATO: Adopted a policy of "Massive Retaliation"

Détente:

"Spirit of Geneva"

"Camp David"

Cold War continues:

Eisenhower Doctrine: used to protect our

economic (oil) interests in the Middle East

Nuclear Arms Race

ICBM's

Mutual Deterrence

Space Race (Sputnik and Explorer I)

Cuban Missile Crisis

Vietnam War

U.S.A. fills the vacuum left by French in Vietnam

Brezhnev Doctrine: used to put down revolts in E.

Europe without Western Interference

Détente: 1970's

Helsinki Conference: pledged to work for a

Biographical Sketches

Vocabulary

Reading:

“Peaceful Coexistence”

(Readings in World History)

2 Days

permanent peace in Europe

Global Economy:

Importance of OPEC controlling oil production

Recession of the 1970's

Stagflation: stagnation combined with inflation

Keynesian philosophy used in USA

Retrenchment in Europe:

England: Margret Thatcher (conservative)

France: Mitterand (socialist)

Germany: Helmut Schmidt (social democrat)

Prosperity returns in the 1980's

Mutual Interdependence:

Annual Economic Summits:

"Group of Seven”

Moving towards an European Union

Return to the Cold War:

1979: Soviets invade Afghanistan to back a weak

Soviet leftist Regime

U.S.A. response

Nuclear Arms Control:

Nations gaining Nuclear capabilities:

U.S.A., Soviet Union, England, France, China,

India, Israel, Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, N. Korea

MAD: Mutually assured destruction - MIRV

China after Chairman Mao:

Deng Xiaoping: Reform program focused on

economic growth

Socialist market economy

restored land to farmers

Opened country to foreign investment

New emphasis on consumer goods

Country enjoyed a huge rise in living standards

Downside

Rapid economic growth fueled High Inflation

Rising levels of consumption strained resources

Corruption became widespread

gov't leaders linked to businesses

Deng calls for retrenchment and stop to reforms

Deng's downfall

Tiananmen Square

Democratic student demonstrations

Deng took a hard line

troops opened fire on the demonstrators

The Changing Modern World

(1989-2001)

Chapter 27

A Crisis in the Soviet Union

Mikhail Gorbachev:

Perestroika & Glasnost

Results:

Economy was far worse than he expected

Gorbachev moved gradually

Many of the new reforms were blocked by the

Communist Party authorities

Agriculture fell short of what was needed

Collectivization remained

Constitutional changes

1985 - Openly contested elections were held

1990 - Gorbachev elected President of the USSR

Split of the country

Old guard (hardliners) - resisted change

Democratic reformers – more change

Ethnic Tensions: between republics

Republics raise demands for Sovereignty (Baltics)

Gorbachev and the West:

"A different road to the Future"

"Highest concern must be universal Human

interests and the universal Human idea"

USSR no longer a military threat

Biographical Sketches

Vocabulary

DBQ: Views concerning

immigration to Europe

during late 20th century

Reading: “Ethnic Cleansing in the

Wars of Yugoslav

Succession” by Norman M.

Naimark (Social Dimension)

3 Days

Collapse of Communism in Central and E. Europe:

Poland:

Lech Walesa (leader of Solidarity) wins the

Nobel Peace Prize

1989: 1st election: Solidarity (Labour Union)

won victory in all contested seats

Coalition gov't with Communists as a minority

Party-State dictatorship ended without bloodshed

Hungary:

1988: Multiparty elections allowed

communist Party dismantled peacefully

Hungary opened border to Austria

GDR (German Democratic Republic)

1989: Honecker eased travel restrictions

Demonstrations forced Honecker to resign

1989 Wall is opened

Communist Party falls

Pressure for reunification begins to build

Four allied powers give approval

Oct. 3, 1990 Germany is united

Czechoslovakia:

Demonstrations and threat of a general strike

caused resignation of gov't and party officials.

Gorbachev removed all Soviet troops

Bulgaria:

Communists resign and rename themselves

"socialists"

Romania:

Ceausescu's security force put down revolts when

army refused to

People overthrow Ceausescu and his wife and put

them on trial --- firing squad

Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union:

1991 Gorbachev turns to hardliners for support

Democratic reformers turned to Boris Yeltsin

Yeltsin elected Pres. of Russia

"Union Treaty": gave more autonomy to Republics

August Coup

Hardliners replaced Gorbachev

Yeltsin supported Gorbachev

Military failed to back hardliners and the Coup

failed

Gorbachev defended "socialism" and the unity of

the U.S.S.R.

Yeltsin came out against the Communist Party and

suspended its activities within the Russian Republic

The Soviet Congress of People's Deputies made the

decree by Yeltsin valid for all the U.S.S.R.

Gorbachev grants Baltic States independence

All Republics pushed for independence

3 Slavic States (Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus)

declare their independence

Gorbachev resigned as President of the crumbling

Soviet Union

Soviet Union is dismantled and becomes The

Commonwealth of Independent States CIS

After Communism:

Czechoslovakia 1993:

Peaceful split - Czech Republic and Slovakia

Yugoslavia:

States within the Nation (Slovenia, Croatia,

Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Kosovo,

Macedonia, and Serbia)

different ethnic background and religions

Slobodan Milosevic (Serbian Leader)

Croatia and Slovenia alarmed - declare themselves

independent Republics

Bosnia-Herzegovina - respond by declaring their

independence

1991 - War breaks out - Serbian Guerrilla army

attacks Croatia and Slovenia

Ethnic cleansing of Muslims by Serbs

Intellectual and Social Currents:

Nuclear Physics

Space Exploration - Space Race -

1980 - International Cooperation

Religion:

Continuing Secularization

Ecumenical Movement in Christianity:

Unite branches of Protestants

Modernists (Protestants)

Fundamentalists (Islamic)

Catholic Church:

Absolved Jews from the charge of Deicide

Mass in the vernacular

Youth Rebellion of the 60's:

Rebelling Youth made heroes of the sworn foes of

the established order (Ho Chi Minh, Mao, Castro)

Women's Liberation

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Women Leaders:

Indira Gandhi (India)

Golda Meir (Israel)

Margret Thatcher (England )

Corazon Aquino (Philippines)