AP Euro Summer 2017 - Edl...92. Enlightened absolutists, aka. despots: how did they want to use...

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AP EUROPEAN HISTORY SUMMER, 2017 ASSIGNMENTS Welcome to AP European History. This sheet contains the Summer Assignments and introduces you to the material we will be studying next year The Textbooks: Spielvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization, since 1300. 9th Edition. Updated AP Edition. Cengage Learning, 2016. ISBN 978-1-305-27229-3. Purchase this edition only; other editions will cause confusion. The text is available through Varsity Books. Do Not buy last year's textbook (Kagan) from some enterprising sophomore. The Princeton Review: Cracking the AP European History Advanced Placement Exam. 2017 Edition. ISBN 978-1-101-91993-4. We used this book last year, so it's around. This book is required for Summer Reading. Summer Assignments are as follows 1) 3-Ring Binder: you are expected to have your binder and be ready-to-go on the first day of class. 1 1/2” three-ring Binder for class. With eight (8) dividers—the divider is placed IN FRONT of each section as follows: —General Materials (for Syllabus, Schedule, Study Skills, Art notes, etc.) —Unit 1 c.1400-c.1648 (Renaissance through Wars of Religion, Ch. 11-13) —Unit 2 c.1648-c.1815 (Monarchical States to Napoleon, Ch. 14-19) —Unit 3 c.1815-c.1914 (Age of Revolutions to WWI, Ch. 20-24) —Unit 4 c.1914-present (Global Wars to Globalization, Ch. 25-30) —Short Answer Questions —DBQs —LEQs 2) Answer the ID TERMS below—from the Cracking the AP book—recording basic information (as best you can from the reading) e.g., "who, what, when, where, why important—things like Book Titles, etc. these are to be hand-written on the sheets that follow. please do them neatly, in dark blue or black ink. 3) Have your parents review and sign the next page, and Bring it into class on the first day of school. 4) NOTE: the optional Summer Book Report assignment for extra credit at the end of this document. (you still must do the other summer assignments)

Transcript of AP Euro Summer 2017 - Edl...92. Enlightened absolutists, aka. despots: how did they want to use...

Page 1: AP Euro Summer 2017 - Edl...92. Enlightened absolutists, aka. despots: how did they want to use ideas about ‘enlightenment’? 93. Frederick the Great Prussian: Leader at height

AP EUROPEAN HISTORY SUMMER, 2017 ASSIGNMENTS

Welcome to AP European History. This sheet contains the Summer Assignments and introduces you to the material we will be studying next year

The Textbooks:

Spielvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization, since 1300. 9th Edition. Updated AP Edition. Cengage Learning, 2016. ISBN 978-1-305-27229-3. Purchase this edition only; other editions will cause confusion. The text is available through Varsity Books.

Do Not buy last year's textbook (Kagan) from some enterprising sophomore.

The Princeton Review: Cracking the AP European History Advanced Placement Exam. 2017 Edition. ISBN 978-1-101-91993-4. We used this book last year, so it's around. This book is required for Summer Reading.

Summer Assignments are as follows

1) 3-Ring Binder: you are expected to have your binder and be ready-to-go on the first day of class.

1 1/2” three-ring Binder for class. With eight (8) dividers—the divider is placed IN FRONT of each section as follows: —General Materials (for Syllabus, Schedule, Study Skills, Art notes, etc.) —Unit 1 c.1400-c.1648 (Renaissance through Wars of Religion, Ch. 11-13) —Unit 2 c.1648-c.1815 (Monarchical States to Napoleon, Ch. 14-19) —Unit 3 c.1815-c.1914 (Age of Revolutions to WWI, Ch. 20-24) —Unit 4 c.1914-present (Global Wars to Globalization, Ch. 25-30) —Short Answer Questions —DBQs —LEQs

2) Answer the ID TERMS below—from the Cracking the AP book—recording basic information (as best you can from the reading)

e.g., "who, what, when, where, why important—things like Book Titles, etc. these are to be hand-written on the sheets that follow. please do them neatly, in dark blue or black ink.

3) Have your parents review and sign the next page, and Bring it into class on the first day of school.

4) NOTE: the optional Summer Book Report assignment for extra credit at the end of this document. (you still must do the other summer assignments)

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Greetings AP Euro Parent/Guardian: IamwritingbecauseyourstudenthasenrolledinourAdvancedPlacementEuropeanHistorycourse.ThepurposeofthisletteristosharesomethoughtsaboutthevalueofAPcourses,myphilosophyofteachingsuchcourses,andthekindofstudentwhoshouldtakethesecourses.This is the fourteenth year Judge has offered AP Euro, and thus far our students haveperformedverywell,and(Ithink)enjoyedthecourse.APcoursespresentcollege-levelmaterialinagenerallycollege-levelway.Myjobistwo-fold:firsttoencouragestudentstobecomebetterthinkers,writers,andhumanbeings.Second,IwanttoenablethemtodoaswellaspossibleontheAPExaminationinthespring(andinthecourseitself).AP Students should focusmore on their learning than on ‘the grade’. If they actuallydeveloptheirabilitytolearn,thegradeshouldtakecareofitself.Morethanthat,Ihopethatwe will not simply be learning about wars, politicians, and social change—we will bestudying how best we can live in this world. One of my challenges as a teacher is to getstudentstoseeaconnectionbetweentheirstudiesandtheirlives.ButAPstudentsneedtoenterthecoursealreadymorematureintheirthinkingandbehaviorthantheirpeers,orreadytobecomeso(immediately).StudentsandparentssometimesworrythatAPclasseswilllowerGPAs.HereIcansaytwothings.First,collegesareawarethatAPcoursesmayimpactgrades.However,theygenerallyprefertoacceptstudentswhohavechallengedthemselvesmorethansomeonewhohasslidthrough a standard curriculum with a perfect ‘4.0’. Second, I do my best to ensure thatstudentsdon’tsufferforhavingtakenamorechallengingcourse.Ifrequentlyre-normgradestoimproveclassaveragessothattheyreflectstudentworkmoreaccurately.Ilookforwardtoteachingyourstudentthisyear,andtomeetingyou.Thebestwaytoreachme is e-mail: [email protected]. During the school year I respond within 24hours;summermayentailalongerdelay.Finally,signthissheet,indicatingthatyou’vereadit,andgiveittoyourstudent.Studentsgetsomepointsforturningitinonthefirstday!Thank-you,PaulSavageStudentname:_________________________________(pleaseprint)ParentSignature:_________________________________________

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AP Euro Summer IDs NAME:__________________ Savage Section I: c.1400-c.1648—The Renaissance to the Wars of Religion

1. Renaissance (Italian: rinascità) Means “rebirth”. It’s how Vasari and others described the period in which

they l ived. Our idea of individualism was born here 2. Humanism A program of study including rhetoric and l iterature based in the classical

world. 3. Petrarch Considered father of Renaissance humanism. Coined phrase “dark ages” for

middle ages. 4. Civic Humanists Wanted to use their classical education for the public good. Worked as

diplomats and in gov’t offices. Studied Greek too 5. Plato/Neoplatonism (in box) Greek philosopher. Renaissance writers fascinated with his thought. Neoplatonism combined Plato and Christian thought — Florentine Platonic

Academy. 6. Pico della Mirandola (in box) Wrote Oration on the Dignity of Man . Had positive, Platonic view of human

potential. 7. Lorenzo Valla Humanist who proved that the Donation of Constantine could not have been

written by Constantine. The Donation supposedly gave the Church control of Papal States to the pope

8. Christine de Pisan Ital ian, woman, humanist author! Wrote City of Ladies = countered idea that women were inferior to men women had to carve out their space in a city of ladies to flourish. 9. What factors drove Renaissance Art?

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10. Leonardo da Vinci 11. Raphael 12. Michelangelo 13. Northern Renaissance 14. Christian humanism (and its Influence of on the Reformation) 15. Erasmus 16. Thomas More

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17. Gutenberg and Printing Press (important effects) 18. Problems in the Medieval Church (there are 3-4 listed) 19. Martin Luther and the 95 Theses Against Indulgences 20. Note Luther's three works listed (and what they espoused) — — — 21. Diet of Worms 22. Peace of Augsburg, 1555 23. Anabaptists

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24. Ulrich Zwingli 25. John Calvin 26. Henry VIII 27. Catherine of Aragon 28. Anne Boleyn 29. Act of Supremacy 30. Catholic Reformation / Counter-Reformation Today more commonly called the Catholic Reformation. 31. Council of Trent

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32. Jesuits (Society of Jesus) / Ignatius Loyola 33. Prince Henry the Navigator 34. Ferdinand Megellan 35. Hernán Cortés & Aztec Empire 36. Francisco Pizzaro & Incan Empire 37. Describe the three characteristics of the new Monarchical states / nation-

states (in box, p 146) — — — 38. Savonarola

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39. Machiavelli 40. Queen Elizabeth 41. Philip II (the Philip on pp 149-150) 42. Golden Age of Spain (gray box) 43. Holy Roman Empire: how was the Empire NOT that powerful of an area? 44. Peace of Westphalia 45. French Wars of Religion: they were wars between whom?

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46. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 47. Henry of Navarre (later Henry IV) 48. Edict of Nantes

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Section 2: c.1648-c.1815—Monarchical States to Napoleon

49. Cardinal Richelieu (Louis XIII) 50. Cardinal Mazarin (Louis XIV) 51. Divine right of kings & Bossuet 52. Jean-Baptiste Colbert & Mercantilism Note: James VI of Scotland is James I of England 53. James I of England—Stuart Monarchs The Stuarts were the new family of English monarchs, as opposed to the Tudors

(family of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I) 54. Puritans 55. Charles I 56. Short and Long Parliaments

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57. Oliver Cromwell / New Model Army 58. Independents, Presbyterians, Levellers and Diggers Factions within Cromwell’s army: the last two had radical rel igious beliefs and

called for overhaul of English society, l ike all males could vote. They were radical.

59. Charles II 60. James II 61. Glorious Revolution: William and Mary 62. Bill of Rights 63. Act of Toleration 64. Act of Settlement

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65. Act of Union 66. Reasons for the Netherlands' success 67. Dutch Golden Age 68. Jan Vermeer and Rembrandt 69. Population (what happened in 1400s/1500s) and Price Revolution (define/causes) 70 Enclosure

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71. List some characteristics of 15th/16th Century farm life 72. List some important aspects of life in towns in 1600s and 1700s 73. List some ways that the Protestant Reformation changed Family life. 74. Note the events that helped lead to the Scientific Revolution (they are the sub-

titles on pp 178-79) — — — — — 75. Ptolemy and the Medieval universe Ptolomy had the idea that the Earth was the center of the universe. This was

largely believed in the Middle Ages—impact of Aristotle and Aquinas.

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76. Copernicus—heliocentric system 77. Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler (in gray box) 78. Galileo 79. Isaac Newton 80. Francis Bacon 81. Descartes 82. Blaise Pascal

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83. Thomas Hobbes / Absolutism 84. John Locke / constitutional government Note the chart on p. 190, which is helpful for Enlightenment thinkers.... 85. Voltaire 86. Montesquieu 87. Diderot 88. Jean Jacques Rousseau 89. Cesare Beccaria

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90. Adam Smith 91. Mary Wollstonecraft 92. Enlightened absolutists, aka. despots: how did they want to use ideas about ‘enlightenment’? 93. Frederick the Great Prussian: Leader at height of Prussian power. Enlightened Absolutist: palace was intellectual center, Voltaire l ived there for

a while He freed serfs on the royal estates He used Enlightenment ideas as a tool for more royal centralization and

control—not to have individual r ights and polit ical participation. 94 Maria Theresa 95. Pragmatic Sanction and the War of the Austrian Succession 96. Peter the Great

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97. Catherine the Great 98. Robert Walpole (first “prime minister”) 99. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette 100. What was the main problem facing the French monarchy (before the Revolution) 101. Estates-General 102. Third estate (“commons”) 103. National Assembly 104. Great Fear

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105. Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen 106. Olympe de Gouges (The Rights of Women) 107. Edmund Burke (gray box) Wrote Reflections on the French Revolution (now you add more) 108. Reign of Terror 109. Maximilian Robespierre 110. The Directory 111. Napoleon Bonaparte what titles/powers did he take? Etc.

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112. Napoleonic Code 113. Admiral Nelson, Battle of Trafalgar 114. List and describe the three things that led to Napoleon's downfall. — — — 115. Congress of Vienna 116. Klemens von Metternich

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Section 3: c.1815 to c.1914—Age of Revolutions to World War I i.e., The Nineteenth Century

117. Conservatism (Burke, de Maistre, Metternich) 118. Nationalism 119. Grimm Brothers 120. Liberalism 121. Adam Smith 122. Thomas Malthus 123. David Ricardo 124. John Stuart Mill

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125. Charles Fourier (gray box) 126. Robert Owen (gray box) 127. Revolution of 1830 in France: July Ordinances/July Revolution/July

Monarchy 128. Carbonari 129. Nicholas I & the Decembrist Revolt 130. Peterloo Massacre 131. British Reform: Combination Acts & Reform Bill of 1832

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132. British Reform: Poor Law of 1834 / Factory Act of 1833 133. Revolutions of 1848: Louis Blanc & the National Workshops 134. Revolution of 1848: Louis Napoleon > Napoleon III (emperor) 135. 1848, German States: Frankfurt Parliament 136. 1848, Italian states, Roman Republic (background) 137. Chartism = People’s Charter of 1838, popular in 1848 138. Reasons why Britain industrialized first (wow, there's a lot of them!)

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139. Impacts of Industrialization (add what you can to the categories —more urbanization —Working and living conditions —Family Structure 140. Working Calss Responses —Luddites —Unions 141. Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels 142. Crimean War 143. Florence Nightingale 144. Camillo Cavour (where did he unify?)

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145. Giuseppe Mazzini 146. Giuseppe Garibaldi (what area/s did he unify?) 147. Unification of Germany (why so important?) / Otto von Bismarck 148. William I = Wilhelm I 149. Schleswig-Holstein 150. Seven Weeks War (with Austria) 151. Franco-Prussian War (Ems Dispatch) 152. Three Ways German Unification changed direction of European History

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153. Louis Napoleon > Napoleon III 154. Georges Haussmann 155. Paris Commune 156. Great Exhibition of 1851 & the Crystal Palace 157. Benjamin Disraeli (which political party?) & Second Reform Bill of 1867 158. William Gladstone (which party, etc.?) 159. Queen Victoria 160 Alexander II & Emancipation Act of 1861

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Second Industrial Revolution — it's about steel, electricity, transportation, etc.

161. Henry Bessemer 162. 19th Century Transportation changes 163. Marie Curie 164. Rutherford, Planck, and Einstein 165. Friedrich Nietzsche 166. Sigmund Freud 167. Louis Pasteur

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168. Charles Darwin & natural selection 169. Herbert Spencer & Social Darwinism (gray box) 170. What happened regarding the Middle Class in late 19th Century? 171. Victorian Morality (gray box) 172. Edward Bernstein & revisionist socialism 173. Proudhon and Anarchism 174. Syllabus of Errors and papal infallibility 175. Rerum novarum & Catholic social movement

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176. Karl Lueger / Anti-Semitism / Dreyfus Affair 177. Zionism 178. "Cult of Domesticity" — Mary Beeton 179. Suffragists (aka Suffragettes) 180. Emmeline Pankhurst 181. Marie Montessori (the "new woman...") 182. Social Sciences: Anthropology / Sociology / Archaeology

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183. Romanticism (define/some examples) 184. Realists and Realism (define/some examples) 185. Impressionists (define/some examples) 186. New Imperialism—what was it, and what was it built on...? 187. Berlin Conference (gray box)

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Section 4: c.1914-present—Global Wars to Globalization

188. Causes of World War I (just make a mental note of these) —Political/Social Tensions in Europe (book is rather vague on this!) —Entangling Alliances —Increased Militarization —Crisis in Balkans 189. Russo-Japanese War 190. Nicholas II & the Duma 191. Dual Alliance 192. Entente cordiale (aka Triple Entente) 193. Schlieffen Plan & Invasion of Belgium 194. Battle of the Marne

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195. Gallipoli 196. Schlieffen Plan 197. Woodrow Wilson / Fourteen Points 198. Treaty of Versailles and settlement of the War (text and the box, p.296) 199. Middle East and WWI (gray box, p.297) 200. Empress Alexandra & Gregory Rasputin 201. March Revolution, 1917 — Provisional Government

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202. Mensheviks & Bolsheviks 203. Vladimir Lenin 204. Leon Trotsky 205. November Revolution, 1917 (aka October Revolution, 2nd rev.) 206. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 207. Russian civil war (Reds vs. Whites) happened after communists took over in Russia. War between communists

and non-communists (helped by British and Americans) 208. New Economic Policy (NEP) 209. Joseph Stalin

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210. Five-Year Plan 211. Collectivization & the kulaks 212. Great Depression 213. John Maynard Keynes 214. Fascism 215. Benito Mussolini (Il Duce) 216. Adolf Hitler (der Fuhrer) / Beer Hall putsch / Mein Kampf 217. Joseph Goebbels / Propaganda / Hitler Youth Minister of Propaganda: important part of Nazi plan to indoctrinate the youth

and control people’s thought. To create support for Nazis

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218. Labour Party (Britain) 219. Popular Front (France) Polit ical parties in the center and left—they

worked together to stop fascist party victory in France 220. Spanish Civil War (what background led to it? who was on each side...?) 221. General Francisco Franco 222. Anschluss 223. Appeasement / Sudetenland / the Munich Agreement 224. Blitzkrieg 225. Maginot Line & Dunkirk

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226. Charles de Gaulle 227. Battle of Britain 228. Nuremberg Laws 229. Kristallnacht 230. “Final Solution” / Wannsee 231. Auschwitz 232. Erwin Rommel / Battle of El Alamein 233. D-Day

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234. Nuremberg Trial 235. Atlantic Charter & United Nations 236. Cold War (Cracking does not really define it; see if you can find in dictionary or on Internet) A war of ideology, espionage, economic confrontation, and surrogate mil itary

confrontation; Between the USA and the USSR, and their al l ies: NATO and the Warsaw Pact 1945-1991 Note the Three Schools of Thought on the Causes of the Cold War: — — — 237. Yalta Conference 238. Containment / Truman Doctrine

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239. NATO 240. Iron Curtain (gray box 241. Marshall Plan 242. Yugoslavia and Marshal (Josip) Tito 243. End of Imperialism / Decolonization —While I believe the Cracking book overemphasizes the US role, what is the first

major sign of decolonization in terms of the British Empire? —What other two areas did Britain withdraw from ? —What area did the Netherlands fail to hold? —Where did France withdraw from ? 244. Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC)

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245. Treaty of Rome / European Economic Community (EEC) / Common Market 246. Maastricht Treaty / European Union (EU) 247. Clement Attlee / Labour Party / National Health Service 248. Nationalization of Industries (what, by whom?) 249. Bloody Sunday & Irish Republican Army (gray box) 250. Margaret Thatcher 251. Algeria / Fourth Republic > Fifth Republic

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252. How was France’s foreign policy independent of NATO in 1960s? 253. François Mitterrand 254. Jacques Chirac 255. What contributed to Italy's "economic miracle" of the 1950s and 1960s? 256. Berlin Blockade and Airlift 257. Berlin Wall (why built / why significant?) 258. Konrad Adenauer (Christian Democratic Union)

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259. Willy Brandt (Social Democrats) and Ostpolitik 260. Helmut Kohl (Christian Democratic Union) 261. Warsaw Pact and COMENCON 262. Nikita Khrushchev & de-Stalinization 263. Prague Spring and the Brezhnev Doctrine 264. Solidarity& Lech Walesa 265. Mikhail Gorbachev

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266. glasnost 267. perestroika 268. Boris Yeltsin 269. Vladimir Putin 270. Slobodan Milosevic / "Ethnic Cleansing" 271. Dayton Accords of 1995 272. War Crimes Tribunal in The Hague

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Optional AP EURO SUMMER READING ASSIGNMENT — Due first day of class I’m hoping that most of you will choose to do this. It is meant to be a way to get you to read an actual book of history—not a textbook, but a well-written, reasonably-sized book about history. (By “reasonably-sized” I mean “not too long”! Though a couple are really large books) The next two pages contain a list of acceptable books for you to read, along with some comments to help you decide on a title. Pick something that you are interested in: there’s war, women’s history, art....

Most of these books are available through the County or City libraries. If I’ve noted that some are hard to find; they may be at the University Library, but it’s hard to check those out.

Remember, this is optional, and therefore EXTRA CREDIT (worth 1-2% to your First Quarter grade). Directions for Assn: read the book and write a two-three page paper

(5-paragraph essay...) in which you address the following questions about the book:

1. What is the Author’s thesis in the book? And what evidence does the author use to defend that thesis? (You can think of this as: what is the author telling us about this period or person? And what kind of evidence is used? Note, authors will often tell you about their sources and method in their introduction.)

2. What is the author’s interpretation of the events in the book, the point of view? Where is he or she coming from, as it were? Is the author arguing a new interpretation? What is behind what the book is about?

3. Did you like the book? Was it interesting, and why, or why not?

Please write the paper as an expository essay (explanatory): that is, do not use first-person except in part three. Use coherent paragraphs to organize what you have to say.

Paper should be done on a word processor, standard sized fonts, margins, etc., double-spaced, or space-and-a-half.

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Extra-credit AP European Summer Reading List: There should be something here for everyone...

Dante (Penguin Lives). R.W.B. Lewis. Very approachable life of the great Italian poet who was heavily involved in politics of his day

Brunelleschi's Dome: How a Renaissance Genius Reinvented Architecture. Ross King. Very cool book about the building of the great cathedral in Renaissance Florence—and about the quest to figure out how to build a dome that big.

Michelangelo and the Pope's Ceiling. Ross King. By the same guy who did Brunelleschi's Dome, this is about the painting of the Sistine Chapel ceiling.

The Pope's Daughter: The Extraordinary Life of Felice della Rovere. Caroline P. Murphy. About the illegitimate daughter of Pope Julius II; a good social history that shows how an especially talented woman could function in Renaissance Italy. (Among other things, Julius II commissioned Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the above book.)

Sofonisba Anguissola. Rizzoli. Another art history book about a compelling woman artist known for portraiture. It’s difficult to find this book.

Niccolo's Smile: A Biography of Machiavelli. Maurizio Viroli. A solid biography of Machiavelli that gives you an excellent idea of Renaissance society and politics. A good read.

The Lost Painting: The Quest for a Caravaggio Masterpiece. Jonathan Harr. A really interesting book; a detective story of sorts about how a painting (not known for over 200 years) by Caravaggio was re-discovered and restored.

Martin Luther: A Life (Penguin Lives). Martin Marty. I have not read this, but Marty is usually very good. If you’re interested in Luther, the real classic is Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther, by Roland Bainton. It’s a longer book but excellent.

Out of the Flames: The Remarkable Story of a Fearless Scholar, a Fatal Heresy, and One of the Rarest Books in the World. Lawrence and Nancy Goldstone. The story of Micheal Servetus, a Renaissance humanist who was ultimately burned at the stake by John Calvin.

Galileo's Daughter: A Historical Memoir of Science, Faith, and Love. Dava Sobel. Galileo’s daughter was a cloistered nun, and this book examines his life—and hers—through their surviving letters. A very innovative piece of history. Well-written.

Isabella of Castile: The First Renaissance Queen. Nancy Rubin Stuart. Biography of the often misunderstood and largely effective queen of Spain.

The Book Nobody Read: Chasing the Revolutions of Nicolaus Copernicus. Owen Gingerich. A neat introduction to manuscript study by looking at copies of Copernicus’ famous book.

The Pursuit of Glory: The Five Revolutions that Made Modern Europe: 1648-1815. Tim Blanning. I’ve not read this, but it is a highly regarded work about the intellectual, social, and political revolutions that would form the modern world. A longer book, but should be a good read.

Passionate Minds: Emilie du Chatelet, Voltaire, and the Great Love Affair of the Enlightenment. David Bodanis. The story of the relationship, intellectual and otherwise, between Chatelet and Voltaire.

The Days of the French Revolution. Christopher Hibbert. Thorough account of the Revolution with some good stories. You could instead read Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution (by Simon Shamma), but it’s twice as long. Both are quite good.

The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World. Niall Ferguson. An economic history of the world.

Page 45: AP Euro Summer 2017 - Edl...92. Enlightened absolutists, aka. despots: how did they want to use ideas about ‘enlightenment’? 93. Frederick the Great Prussian: Leader at height

Mistress of the Elgin Marbles: A Biography of Mary Nisbet, Countess of Elgin. Susan Nagel. Story of a fascinating and influential woman in 18th/19th century England. The Elgin Marbles are statues that were taken from the Parthenon and are now in the British Museum. The book is good for social history and the nature of domestic life in elite 19th century society.

Bismarck: The Man and the Statesman. A.J.P. Taylor. Standard biography of perhaps the most important statesman of the late 19th century.

The Guns of August. Barbara Tuchman. Probably Tuchman’s best book, but rather long. It’s a classic presentation of the coming of WWI.

A World Undone: The Story of the Great War, 1914 to 1918. G.J. Meyer. Another big book about a big war. It provides more of a social history interpretation. It looks at how the war changed society and the world.

Nicholas and Alexandra. Robert K. Massie. Combined biography of the last Tsar and Tsarina. Often considered one of the most successful biographies of the last 50 years.

The Romanovs: the Final Chapter. Robert K. Massie. Documents the last days of the Tsar’s family, including their murder by the Communists. Also tells the story of how two men from Moscow secretly discovered the family’s bodies decades after everyone had given up. A very compelling read.

The Bravest Battle: The Twenty-eight Days Of The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Dan Kurzman. About the remarkable Jewish resistance to the Nazis in Poland.

Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. Christopher R. Browning. An outstanding interpretation of the atrocities committed by German troops in Russia and Eastern Europe—and the situation that led to them.

Winston Churchill: A Life (Penguin Lives). John Keegan. A very readable biography of the great English statesman, by an important military historian.

Journey into the Whirlwind. Eugenia Ginzburg. A personal account—by a woman who was arrested and imprisoned—of Stalin’s purges in the 1930s, during which illions were murdered.

Yugoslavia: Death of a Nation. Laura Silber and Allan Little. Fairly straight forward account of a very complex situation that occurred near the end of our course.