AP EuroAP Euro

Week 2: Renaissance and Week 2: Renaissance and ReformationReformation

Middle Ages: Main IdeasMiddle Ages: Main Ideas

►In general, content with status quo In general, content with status quo (lack of progress)(lack of progress)

►Church is center of lifeChurch is center of life►Feudal system – no large/powerful Feudal system – no large/powerful

govtsgovts

Renaissance: Main IdeasRenaissance: Main Ideas

►““Rebirth” in FrenchRebirth” in French►Began in Italy (specifically Florence)Began in Italy (specifically Florence)

Rich from trade (ie. Medicis)Rich from trade (ie. Medicis) City-statesCity-states

►Secularism & IndividualismSecularism & Individualism Life is more than a preparation for the Life is more than a preparation for the

hereafterhereafter Important to enjoy life and shape own Important to enjoy life and shape own

destinydestiny

Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art

►Religious themes as well as classical Religious themes as well as classical mythologymythology

►Funded by patronage from Pope and Funded by patronage from Pope and merchantsmerchants

►Artists are recognized for their workArtists are recognized for their work

Medieval ArtMedieval Art

Renaissance Art: Perspective Renaissance Art: Perspective

►TrinityTrinity by Masaccio by Masaccio►Use of Perspective Use of Perspective

and depth and depth painting looks 3-Dpainting looks 3-D

Renaissance Art: RealismRenaissance Art: Realism►Virgin of the Virgin of the

RocksRocks by by Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (Renaissance (Renaissance Man)Man)

►Uses light, Uses light, shadow, and shadow, and expression to expression to portray realistic portray realistic human emotionshuman emotions

Renaissance SculptureRenaissance Sculpture

►DavidDavid by by MichelangeloMichelangelo

►Classical StyleClassical Style Free-standing, nudeFree-standing, nude

►ProportionalProportional►Captured power & Captured power &

strength of strength of humanityhumanity

Renaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture

►Greco-Roman Greco-Roman stylestyle SymmetrySymmetry Columns, Columns,

Arches, Arches, DomesDomes

► Cathedral of Santa Maria del Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, designed by BrunelleschiFiore, designed by Brunelleschi

HumanismHumanism

►Literary movement of RenaissanceLiterary movement of Renaissance►Inspired by Ancients (Greeks & Inspired by Ancients (Greeks &

Romans)Romans)►Dante:Dante: Late Middle Ages – wrote Late Middle Ages – wrote

“Divine Comedy” in vernacular“Divine Comedy” in vernacular►Petrarch:Petrarch: “Father of Humanism,” poet “Father of Humanism,” poet►Boccaccio:Boccaccio: Wrote “Decameron” Wrote “Decameron”►Bruni:Bruni: Wrote history of Florence Wrote history of Florence►Machiavelli: Machiavelli: Wrote “The Prince” Wrote “The Prince”

Political theoristPolitical theorist

Northern Renaissance Northern Renaissance HumanismHumanism

►Northern Renaissance occurred in England, Northern Renaissance occurred in England, Germany, etc. after the Italian RenaissanceGermany, etc. after the Italian Renaissance

►Emphasized old religious texts (ie. St. Emphasized old religious texts (ie. St. Augustine) instead of classicsAugustine) instead of classics ““Christian Humanism”Christian Humanism”

►Thomas More:Thomas More: wrote “Utopia,” social wrote “Utopia,” social criticcritic

►Erasmus of Rotterdam:Erasmus of Rotterdam: Wrote “Praise of Wrote “Praise of Folly,” social and relg critic, criticized RCCFolly,” social and relg critic, criticized RCC

New MonarchiesNew Monarchies

►France: Louis XI (Valois) became king France: Louis XI (Valois) became king in 1453in 1453

►England: Henry VII (Tudor) seized England: Henry VII (Tudor) seized throne after War of the Roses (1485)throne after War of the Roses (1485) Established Star ChamberEstablished Star Chamber

►Spain: Ferdinand and Isabella’s Spain: Ferdinand and Isabella’s marriage united Aragon and Castile marriage united Aragon and Castile (1469)(1469)

Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation

►Abuses in ChurchAbuses in Church Pope Leo X allowed sale of indulgences to Pope Leo X allowed sale of indulgences to

fund construction of St. Peter’s Basilicafund construction of St. Peter’s Basilica

►Martin LutherMartin Luther Troubled monkTroubled monk 1517 – wrote 95 Theses and posted them 1517 – wrote 95 Theses and posted them

on door of church at Wittenburgon door of church at Wittenburg 1521 – Diet of Worms: tried for criticizing 1521 – Diet of Worms: tried for criticizing

church, excommunicatedchurch, excommunicated

Luther’s TheologyLuther’s Theology

► ““Justification by Faith”Justification by Faith”► Saved by God’s Grace, not by good works or Saved by God’s Grace, not by good works or

sacramentssacraments Kept only 2 sacraments: baptism and massKept only 2 sacraments: baptism and mass

► ““Sola Scriptura” – Bible is only spiritual Sola Scriptura” – Bible is only spiritual authorityauthority Translated Bible into German so all could read itTranslated Bible into German so all could read it

►His ideas inspired Peasant Revolt of 1524-His ideas inspired Peasant Revolt of 1524-15251525

John Calvin’s TheologyJohn Calvin’s Theology

►Predestination: God decides in Predestination: God decides in advanced who will be savedadvanced who will be saved ““The Elect”The Elect” Church government: TheocracyChurch government: Theocracy

►Set up “ideal” religious city in GenevaSet up “ideal” religious city in Geneva ““Protestant Rome”Protestant Rome”