AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use...

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AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions ① The following atoms in their neutral form are unstable (don’t have 8 valence electrons): Ca, F, N, and S. Find the charges that they would form to become stable Tell me whether they are To Do & Homework Homework : Complete Nomenclature Problems You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1. In Class Notes 3. Tests/Quizzes/Study Guides 5. Classwork 2. Outlines 4. Problem Sets Binder

Transcript of AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use...

Page 1: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

AP Chem CatalystCatalyst Questions

① The following atoms in their neutral form are unstable (don’t have 8 valence electrons): Ca, F, N, and S. Find the charges that they would form to become stable Tell me whether they are cations or anions.

To Do & Homework

Homework: Complete Nomenclature Problems

You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers)1. In Class Notes 3. Tests/Quizzes/Study Guides 5.

Classwork2. Outlines 4. Problem Sets 6.

Homework(Place In Class Notes in Tab 1)

Bin

der

Page 2: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

1.5 Nomenclature

Page 3: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

Forming Chemical Bonds

• The force that holds two atoms together is called a chemical bond.

• There are three types of bonds:• Ionic bonds (Metal & Nonmetal)• Covalent bonds (Nonmetal &

Nonmetal)• Metallic bonds(Metal & Metal)

Page 4: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

The Formation and Nature of Ionic Bonds

• Cations are atoms with a positive charge.• Anions are atoms with a negative charge.• The electrostatic force holds ions of opposite

charge together, forming an ionic bond.

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Ionic BondsCharacteristics of ionic bonds:

Formed between metals and nonmetalsHigh melting point and boiling point.Able to conduct electricity when dissolved in water.Unable to conduct electricity in the solid phase.The strength of the bond depends on the charges,

and distance between ions Ionic bonds form a lattice structure

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Covalent Bonds• Characteristics of covalent bonds:

o Formed between nonmetal pairso Electrons are shared between atomso Lower melting points, Lower Boiling Pointso Do not conduct electricityo Brittle solids

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Metallic• Properties of metallic bonds:

o Delocalized electronso High electrical conductivityo High luster (shiny)o Remember that transitional metals have a varying

number of valence electrons.

Page 8: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

Predict if the following bonds are ionic or covalent:

a) C-N

b) N-O

c) Na-F

d) Mg-S

e) C-H

f) Ca-F

Page 9: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

The oxidation number of an ion can be

determined with the aid of the periodic

table.

+1

+2 -1-2-3+4+3

0For transitional metals below, charges vary so when naming ionic compounds with these elements, put the charge in parenthesis after the metal.

Page 10: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

ExampleCopper can have a +2 or +3 charge so to know which it is you put parenthesis next to the transitional metal.

Cu (II) means copper with a positive 2 charge Cu2+

Cu (III) means copper with a positive 3 charge Cu3+

Page 11: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

Predict the oxidation number of the

following elements:a) Al

b) Mg

c) Si

d) O

e) Cl

Page 12: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

Predict the oxidation number of the

following elements:

a) Al +3

b) Mg +2

c) Si +4

d) O -2

e) Cl -1

Page 13: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

Nomenclature for Ionic Formula Units

There are over 50 million substances!

We CANNOT have unique names for all these substances, that would be too

much!

That is why we have naming rules.

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Nomenclature• Steps for writing ionic formulas:

1. Determine the symbol and oxidation number of the elements

2. If the charges are not the same, subscripts must be added to achieve equal number of positive and negative ions.

3. Criss-cross, ignore charge, write formula4. Metals always first, then nonmetal 5. NO prefixes needed. 6. Ionic formulas end in -ide

Show on Dry Erase:7. Example 1: calcium chloride8. Example 2: Potassium oxide

Page 15: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

ExamplesWrite the formula of the following ionic compounds:• Magnesium chloride• Aluminum oxide• Iron (III) chloride• Chromium (III) oxide

Page 16: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

You try first, then confirm with partners.

Write the formula of the following ionic compounds:

a) Cesium nitrideb) Barium sulfidec) Calcium oxided) Aluminum fluoridee) Sodium oxide

What if the charges are the same, then just ignore charges, and write the formula, no need for criss- crossing!

Page 17: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

Write the formula of the following ionic compounds:1. Iron (II) oxide2. Iron (III) oxide3. Copper (II) chloride4. Lead (IV) iodide5. Iron (II) chloride6. Chromium (III) sulfide7. Titanium (II) oxide8. Lead (IV) sulfide9. Copper (I) nitride

Page 18: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

Ionic compounds with polyatomic

ions

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Memorize, will be using all year

• Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms with a charge:

1. Ammonium (NH4) +

2. Hydronium (H3O)+

3. Hydroxide (OH)-

4. Sulfate (SO42-)

5. Nitrate (NO31-)

6. Chromate (CrO42-)

7. Carbonate (CO32-)

8. Phosphate (PO43-)

9. Cyanide (CN-)

Page 20: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

Review Ionic Formulas using polyatomic ions

Write the formula of the following ionic compounds. Use the flashcards:

a) Calcium nitrateb) Sodium sulfatec) Ammonium oxided) Lead (II) phosphatee) Lead (IV) phosphate

Page 21: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

You TryWrite the formula of the following ionic compounds:

a) Chromium (III) hydroxideb) Nickel (II) nitratec) Ammonium sulfated) Silver (I) nitratee) Magnesium chlorate

Page 22: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

You try one more timeWrite the formula of the following ionic compounds:a) Potassium carbonate b) Hydrogen carbonate

c) Iron (III) hydroxided) Ammonium phosphatee) Sodium sulfate

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Now backwards – ionic no prefixes!

Write the names of each of the following formulas:

a) Na2Ob) CuCl2

c) Cr2O3

HINT: Cu and Cr are transitional metals, so they need roman numerals.

Page 24: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

Nomenclature for Covalent Compounds

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Molecules that are made from a combination of

two nonmetals (covalent?) require Greek

prefixes in their names

Mono- 1 Hexa- 6 Di- 2 Hepta- 7Tri- 3 Octa- 8Tetra- 4 Nona- 9Penta- 5 Deca- 10

Page 26: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

ExamplesFind the formula of the following

a) Phosphorus trifluorideb) Nitrogen dioxidec) Carbon trioxide

Mono is not required for the first nonmetal in the covalent compound

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You Trya) Sulfur dibromideb) Sulfur hexachloridec) Phosphorus pentafluoride d) Nitrogen trihydridee) Oxygen difluoride

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Now backwards, you try

Name the following compounds:

a) SF2

b) NI3c) CF4

Page 29: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

Name the following compounds:

a) PCl3b) N2O3

c) PF3

d) NF3

e) SCl2

Page 30: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

Naming Organic Compounds

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Organic Compounds containing carbon and hydrogens

• Hydrocarbons are named by counting the number of carbon atoms:

C1 – meth C6 – hex

C2 – eth C7 – hept

C3 – prop C8 – oct

C4 – but C9 – non

C5 – pent C10 – dec

Page 32: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

3 types of hydrocarbons

• The ending depends on the type of bond formed:oSingle bond: -ane (Alkanes)oDouble bond: -ene (Alkenes)oTriple bond: -yne (Alkynes)

Page 33: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.
Page 34: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.
Page 35: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

Is it a ring or a chain?• The number of carbon atoms in a compound is

calculated by the formulas:• CXH2X+2 for chains

• CXH2X for rings

Page 36: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

ExamplesWrite the formula/name for each of the following:

a) methaneb) butanec) cyclopropaned) C5H12

e) C6H14

f) C10H20

Page 37: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

You tryWrite the formula/name for each of the following:

a) heptaneb) cyclononanec) ethaned) C3H6

e) C5H12

f) C7H14

Page 38: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

Nomenclature for Acids

Page 39: AP Chem Catalyst AP Chem Catalyst Catalyst Questions To Do & Homework You will have 6 tabs: (Use sticky notes if you don’t have dividers) 1.In Class Notes.

Naming Acids• Binary acids are named using the prefix hydro- and

the suffix –ic acid.• No prefixes

• HCl hydrochloric acid• HBr hydrobromic acid• HI hydroiodic acid• H2SO4sulfuric acid (no hydro- needed)

• HCN hydrocyanic acid


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