Biochemistry Name: ________________________NDHS Per: ________ Date: ____________

LipidsElements -_________

- mostly ________________ - MOSTLY __________________

NET affect -__________________

Types: _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

Function: 1. _________________________________ 2. _________________________________

3. _________________________________4. _________________________________5. _________________________________

FATS AND OILSStructure - two parts

1. _________ - three carbon chain with 2. _________ - long chain of hydrocabons with a carboxyl head

_________ combines with_________ of glycerol by __________________ so 3 fatty acids combine with the glycerols =__________________

The massive amounts of hydrocarbons in the tail make fats _____________

FATS vs. OILSFATS - __________________ - ___________________________OILS - _________ _________ - ___________________________

crucial difference? ___________________________

- Fats are __________________- Oils are __________________

both have the same basic structure of glycerol plus three fatty acids - fats: fatty acids are ___________________________________________ __________________ __________________________________________

- pack together nicely - ____________________________________ - oils: fatty acids are __________________ due to ___________________

- causes the chains ________________________________________ - don’t pack together very nicely

– ____________________________________

PARTIALLY HYDROGENATED OILS and TRANS FATS

Hydrogenated Oils Unsaturated oils are __________________________________

and a catalyst to break the double bond and add hydrogen ○ - this makes them ______________ ○ Heating the oils can also cause ______________ and

switch the __________________________________________ __________________________________________

○ TRANS fats are not able to be processed by our cells and lead a higher interaction with “bad” cholesterol and can potentially lead to inflammation in the blood vessels exacerbating heart disease

ENERGY Content of Fats and Oils- fats and oils: ______________ - carbs: ____________ - protein: ____________ - alcohol: ____________

PHOSPHOLIPIDS:Function: __________________ - __________________Composition:

______: ____________________________________ _______

- joins with other polar molecules

______ : two chains not _______

Phospholipid is __________________Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Reaction with water:_______________________Forms two possible structures:

1. __________2. __________

- cell membrane – __________________

STEROIDS:__________________

examples: ______________________________________________________ - stabilize cell membranes

- precursor for some hormones

Male lion

Female lion

Testosterone

Estradiol

OHC

H3CH3

O

HO

OHC

H3

Cholesterol:

Understanding Blood Lipid PanelTotal Cholesterol:

- Composite of ___________________________________________- Triglycerides :

- Normal Levels: _________________ - Function: __________ – body converts extra energy to

triglycerides (fat) and stores it - _________________________________________

- “_______” cholesterol- Function: ____________________________________________

____________________________________________________- Normal Levels: Between ___________________- Issues: LDL bind more readily to the __________________ on the

surface of the blood vessel endothelium (cell on the surface of the wall) and become ____________ forms _________________ (_______________________) that can ________ (__________________) to narrow the diameter of the blood vessels and make them ___________________________________

CH3

CH3

H3C

CH3

CH3

HO

- _________________________________________- “_______” cholesterol- Normal Levels: _______________________________

_______________________________ _______________________________

- Function : _________________________________________

______________________________Genetic condition that causes ______________________________ ______________________________________________________

Result in ______________________________________________