AP Biology Review
description
Transcript of AP Biology Review
![Page 1: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AP Biology Review
Chapters 7 & 8
![Page 2: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Q
• What part of the cell membrane enables the membrane to remain liquidy?
![Page 3: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
A
• Cholesterol
![Page 4: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Q
• Which of the following molecules pass through the cell membrane easily?
A. Small hydrophobic molecules B. Large and hydrophobic molecules C. Polar molecules
![Page 5: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
A
• Small hydrophobic molecules
![Page 6: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Q
• Which type of proteins in the cell membrane are considered transmembrane proteins, because they go through the membrane.
![Page 7: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
A
• Integral Proteins
![Page 8: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Q
• What is the function of the aquaporins in the cell membrane?
![Page 9: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
A
• Allows water to pass through easily
![Page 10: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Q
• Which type of proteins of the cell membrane are NOT embedded?
![Page 11: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
A
• Peripheral proteins
![Page 12: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Q
• What is the function of glycoproteins and glycolipids in the cell membrane?
![Page 13: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
A
• Cell-Cell recognition
![Page 14: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Q
• 10% potassium chloride is _______ to 10% potassium chloride.A. HypertonicB. HypotonicC. Isotonic
![Page 15: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
A
• Isotonic
![Page 16: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Q
• Cells that live in a hypertonic solution are always fighting dehydration (the loss of water).
TrueFalse
![Page 17: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• True
![Page 18: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Q
• Facilitated diffusion is a form of active transport?
TrueFalse
![Page 19: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
A
• False-Passive transport
![Page 20: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Q
• Active transport allows a cell to move molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
TrueFalse
![Page 21: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
A
• True
![Page 22: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Q
• Name the 3 types of Passive transport & explain the types of molecules that they transport.
![Page 23: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Osmosis• Diffusion (Simple)• Diffusion (Facilitated)
![Page 24: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Q
• Name this structure & show the hydrophillic and hydrophobic regions
![Page 25: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
A
![Page 26: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Q
• Name 2 differences between Active & Passive Transport
![Page 27: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
A
• Active– Uses Energy from cell– Allows larger molecules to pass through
• Passive– No Energy required– Small molecules and water can pass through
![Page 28: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Q
• _______________ is the movement of materials from a higher to a lower concentration
![Page 29: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
A
• Passive transport
![Page 30: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Q
• The diagram below shows what cell process?
![Page 31: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
A
• Exocytosis
![Page 32: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Q
The diagram below is composed of __________________.
![Page 33: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
A
• Phospholipids
![Page 34: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Q
• Describe Endocytosis, name the 2 types of Endocytosis & explain the differences.
![Page 35: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
A
• Endocytosis-– Active transport– Materials are engulfed into cell– 2 types
• Pinocytosis-Ingests liquids• Phagocytosis- Ingests solids
![Page 36: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Q
• _______________ transport is the movement of materials from lower concentration to higher concentration as in the processes of phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
![Page 37: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
A
• Active transport is the movement of materials from lower concentration to higher concentration as in the processes of phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
![Page 38: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Q
Which cellular process is illustrated in the diagram below? The material is a liquid
![Page 39: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
A
• Pinocytosis-Type of Endocytosis
![Page 40: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Q• The diagram represents a cell in water. Formulas of molecules that
can move freely across the membrane are shown. Some molecules are located inside the cell and others are in the water outside the cell. Based on the diagram of molecules below, what would most likely happen to these molecules after a few hours?
![Page 41: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
A
• The concentration of CO2 will increase outside the cell
![Page 42: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Q
• The cell or plasma membrane is composed chiefly of two layers of ______________ with globular ______________ floating in these layers
![Page 43: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
A
• The cell or plasma membrane is composed chiefly of two layers of lipids with globular proteins floating in these layers
![Page 44: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Q
• Describe Turgor Pressure
![Page 45: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
A
• Pressure in plant cells from cell membrane exerting pressure on cell wall
![Page 46: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Q
• What is the function of structure E?
![Page 47: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
• Supports cell membrane
![Page 48: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Q
• Identify structure D
![Page 49: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
• Phospholipid bilayer
![Page 50: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Q
• Identify Structure A
![Page 51: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
• Glycoprotein
![Page 52: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Q
• Which of these cannot pass directly through the phospholipids of the plasma membrane?
![Page 53: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
• C-Glucose
![Page 54: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Q
• You know that this cell is in a(n) _____ solution because the cell _____.
![Page 55: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
• Hypotonic solution- Water goes into cell
![Page 56: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Q
Structure B is a _____.
![Page 57: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
• Transport Protein
![Page 58: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Q
• Endocytosis moves materials _____ a cell via _____.
![Page 59: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
• Into cell- via vessicles
![Page 60: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Q
• A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of _____.
![Page 61: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
A
• Endocytosis
![Page 62: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Q
• Describe the differences between Anabolic and Catbolic Rxns. Provide an example of each .
![Page 63: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
• Anabolic-– Builds materials – Ex. Building polymers
• Catabolic– Breaks down materials – Ex. Breaking down polymers into monomers
![Page 64: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Q
• Describe the differences between Exergonic and Endergonic Rxns. Provide an example of each .
![Page 65: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
• Exergonic-– Release Energy – Cellular Respiration
• Endergonic-– Absorb energy – Photosyntheis
![Page 66: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
• Describe the 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermondynamics.
![Page 67: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Q
• When energy is transformed, what effect doe that have on Entropy of the universe?
![Page 69: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
A
• Increases Entropy
![Page 70: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
• Define Enthalpy, Entropy, and Free energy change
![Page 71: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Q
• Every chemical reaction increases the entropy of the universe
TrueFalse
![Page 73: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
A
• True
![Page 74: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Q
• Does hydrolysis increase or decrease entropy within a cell?
![Page 75: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
A
• Increase
![Page 76: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Q
• Does dehydration reactions increase or decrease entropy within a cell?
![Page 77: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
A
• Decrease
![Page 78: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Q
• Do organic compounds (such as Carbohydrates) contain Potential or kinetic energy?
![Page 79: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
A
• Potential (chemical energy)– Stored
![Page 80: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Q
• Give an example of an open and a closed system. Are organisms open or closed systems?
![Page 81: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
A
• Open- exchanges with environment • Closed- does not exchange with environment
• Organisms are Open systems
![Page 82: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Q
• What is the change in free energy of a system at chemical equilibrium?
![Page 83: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
A
• No net change
![Page 84: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Q
• What happens to free energy as monomers form bonds to create polymers?
![Page 85: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
• Increases
![Page 86: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Q
• Which type of reaction has a positive G?Endergonic Exergonic
![Page 87: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
A
• Endergonic
![Page 88: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Q
• What term is used to describe the transfer of free energy from Catabolic to Anabolic pathways?
![Page 89: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
A
• Energy Coupling
![Page 90: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Q
• What happens to the Phosphate that is lost when ATP is converted to ADP?
• What is the process called?
![Page 91: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
A
• It is added to another molecule and activates that molecule.
• Phosphorylation
![Page 92: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Q
• Name the 3 parts of an ATP molecule
![Page 93: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
A
• Adenine-nitrogenous base• 3 Phosphates• Ribose-Sugar
![Page 94: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Q
• What suffix is often used to name enzymes?
![Page 95: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
• “ase”
![Page 96: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Q
• How do enzymes affect the rate of reactions?
![Page 97: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
A
• Catlyze – speed up
![Page 98: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Q
• Where and what is the active site?
![Page 99: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
A
• Region on enzyme that binds to substrate
![Page 100: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Q
• What is the induced fit?
![Page 101: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
A
• Binding of substrate changes shape of enzyme’s active site.
![Page 102: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Q
• What is one way to combat against competitive inhibition of enzymes?
![Page 103: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
A
• Increase substrate concentration
![Page 104: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Q
• How do enzymes affect activation energy?
![Page 105: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
• They lower activation energy
![Page 106: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Q
• Explain the difference between competitive and non- competetive inhibition.
![Page 107: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
A
• Competitive- binds to active site • Non- competetive inhibition-binds to other
part of enzyme
![Page 108: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Q
• What is the relationship between free energy and spontaneous reactions?
![Page 109: AP Biology Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56815f5f550346895dce43d5/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
• It decreases (- G)