AP* Biology: Endocrine and Cell...

Name:____________________________Period___________________

Version A

(1)Test Questions are Copyright © 1984-2002 by College Entrance Examination Board, Prenceton, NJ. All rights reserved. For face-to-fact teaching purposes, classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Web or Mass distribution prohibited. (2) AP ® is registered traemark of the College Entrance Examination Borard. The College Entrance Examination Board was not involved in the production of and does not endorse this product. Permissionis granted of individual classroom teahcers to reproduce the activity sheets and illustation for their own classroom use. Any other type of reproduction of these material is strictly prohibited.

1

AP* Biology: Endocrine and Cell Communication

Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by four suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and enter the appropriate letter in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.

1. The term steroid describes both hormones produced by the body and artificially produced medications that duplicate the action for the naturally occurring steroids. All of the following describe steroid hormones EXCEPT?

A) They bind with receptor proteins in the plasma membrane to trigger cellular responses.

B) They are derived from cholesterol and are lipid soluble.

C) They serve as ligands in signal transduction pathways.

D) They are exemplified by testosterone, estrogen and progesterone.

2. All of the following statements about ligand-receptor complexes are true EXCEPT

A) Most receptors exhibit ligand specificity.B) Ligand-receptor interactions are reversible.C) Many drugs that alter human behavior prevent

the binding of receptors’ specific ligands.D) Ligand-receptor complexes are most often

formed in cell communication pathways in which participating cells are in direct contact.

3. Cell signaling involves converting extracellular signals to specific responses inside the target cell. Which of the following best describes how a cell initially responds to a signal?

A) The cell experiences a change in receptor conformation.

B) The cell experiences an influx of ions.C) The cell experiences an increase in protein

kinase activity.D) The cell experiences G protein activation.

4.

The dashed arrows indicate the pathway taken by chemical signals. Which of the following

statements best describes this type of cell communication?

A) Cells communicate with distant cells using hormones.

B) Cells communicate with each other through direct contact.

C) Nerve cells communicate with other nerve cells using neurotransmitter.

D) Cells use quorum sensing to communicate density levels.

Version A

2

Quesitons 5-9

Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline or adrenalin) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. The model for the action of epinephrine is shown below.

5. Which of the following molecules act as a second messenger in the cascade by which epinephrine stimulates the activation of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase?

A) AdenosineB) Adenylyl cyclaseC) Citric acidD) Cyclic AMP

6. Which of the following represents the correct ordering of the molecules that are activated by a single molecule of epinephrine, from highest number of molecules to lowest number ofmolecules? A) cAMP, protein kinase A, phosphorylase kinase,

glycogen phosphorylaseB) Glycogen phosphorylase, phosphorylasekinase,

protein kinase A, cAMPC) cAMP, phosphorylase kinase,

glycogenphosphorylase, protein kinase AD) Glycogen phosphorylase, cAMP, protein kinase

A, phosphorylase kinase

7. Which of the following would likely not be observed in a person injected with epinephrine?

A) Decreased production of cAMP in liver cellsB) Inactivation of glycogen synthaseC) Increased glucose mobilizationD) Activation of G proteins

8. Which of the following best describes a benefit of the many steps involved in a protein kinasecascade?

A) It allows for the activation or inhibition of many enzymes.

B) It allows for the amplification of the signal.C) It allows for the distribution of the signal

throughout the inside of the cell.D) All of the above.

9. All of the following are enzymes involved in the signal transduction pathway shown EXCEPT

A) adenyl cyclaseB) protein kinase AC) phosphorylase kinaseD) epinephrine

Version A

3

Quesiton 10-11

G proteins are a family of proteins involved in transmitting chemical signals originating from outside a cell into the inside of the cell. G proteins function as molecular switches.

10. Investigations into the causes behind symptoms in Alzheimer’s patients have led to the hypothesis that the disease maybe caused by excessive activity of IP3 second messengers in brain cells. When comparing cell samples of Alzheimer’s patients to those taken from the control group, which of the following pieces of evidence would support this hypothesis?

A) A lower number of receptor proteins in the Alzheimer cell samples.

B) A greater volume of endoplasmic reticulum membrane in the control group cell samples.

C) A higher concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol of the Alzheimer cell samples.

D) A lower number of activated proteins in the cytosol of the Alzheimer cell samples.

11. Which of the following best describes the role in which the G protein is most intimately involved in the process shown above?

A) Production of the ligand molecule.B) Reception of the signal.C) Transduction of the signal.D) Production of response to signal.

Version A

4

12. Blood calcium plays a role in the processes of blood clot formation, muscle contraction and signal conduction in neurons. Negative feedback mechanisms regulate the release of the paired hormones that maintain the blood calcium levels. Which of the following statements correctly describes this regulatory process?

A) The pituitary gland releases calcium ions when blood calcium levels fall below the set point.

B) Calcitonin, released by the parathyroid gland, stimulates the deposition of calcium from bones into the blood stream when blood calcium levels are high.

C) Thyroxine, secreted by the thyroid gland, stimulates the release of calcium from the parathyroid gland when blood calcium levels fall below the set point.

D) Parathyroid glands release PTH which stimulates the release of calcium from bones when the blood calcium levels are lower than the set point.

Version A

5

13.

Patients with Type 1 diabetes lack the hormone insulin. Injections of commercially produced insulin are used to treat the symptoms of this form of diabetes. Ideally, a relatively steady level of blood glucose is maintained by the body’s regulatory mechanisms. The data shown above was collected during an investigation comparing two insulin therapy medicines, Insulin Glargine and NPH insulin. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data?

A) NPH insulin is most efficient in maintaining a homeostatic blood glucose level during 4 to 7 hours after injection.

C) The rate of glucose uptake produced by Insulin Glargine remains constant for more than 18 hours after injection.

B) NPH and Insulin Glargine produce similar effects on the rate of movement of glucose out of the blood stream.

D) NPH insulin stimulates the rate of insulin production by pancreatic beta cells.

14. In his research on cell signaling involving epinephrine, E.W. Sutherland determined glycogen phosphorylase was activated by epinephrine. Sutherland found that in vitro, in the lab setting, epinephrine was unable to activate phosphorylase. The reaction required live cells. Which of the following best explains why epinephrine reacted only in live cells?

A) Epinephrine is a G-linked protein that reacts with DNA in the signal reaction.

C) Cell membrane proteins and molecules inside the cell must be involved in transmitting the signal.

B) Epinephrine must be directly interacting with glycogen phosphorylase.

D) Glycogen phosphorylase must have an active site with an affinity for epinephrine.

Version A

6

15.

All of the molecules described in the table above could be classified as hormones EXCEPT

A) Molecule 1 C) Molecule 3B) Molecule 2 D) Molecule 4

16. Insulin, epinephrine, testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, and estrogen are all capable of triggering the flow of communication in a signal transduction pathway. Which of the following terms best describes such molecules?

A) ligands C) protein hormonesB) receptors D) steroid hormones

17. A transmembrane protein is a protein that goes from one side of a membrane through to the other side of the membrane. Which model pictured in the image above depicts a membrane protein serving as a ligand receptor in a signal transduction pathway?

A) I only C) I, II and III onlyB) II only D) I, II, III, and IV

Version A

7

18. Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways: I. Response II. AmplificationIII. Reception IV. Transduction

Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?

A) I, II, III, IV C) III, I, IV, IIB) II, III, IV, I D) III, IV, II, I

19.

The data shown above was collected during an experiment designed to test the hypothesis that a second messenger mediates between receptor activation at the plasma membrane and enzyme activation in the cytoplasm. Liver tissue was homogenated and used to make three test solutions: a whole homogenate, a fraction containing plasma membrane, and a fraction containing cytoplasm but no plasma membrane. Which of the following would be a reasonable conclusion based on the data collected?

A) All cells in an organism respond to the presence of epinephrine via second messengers present in the homogenate.

C) Epinephrine is a hormone found bound in the membrane of cells and requires a ligand to stimulate its transduction.

B) A soluble second messenger, produced by hormone-activated membranes,, is present in the solution and activates enzymes in the cytoplasm.

D) An epinephrine signal transduction pathway functions more efficiently at warmer temperatures.

20. I. Induce a rapid response II. Result in a slow change

III. Composed of amino acid monomers IV. Synthesized from cholesterol V. Act as long distance chemical messengers

Which of the characteristics listed above best describe a steroid hormone?

A) I, II, and V only C) II, III, and IV onlyB) I, II, and III only D) II, IV and V only

Version A

8

21.

Adrenalin (epinephrine) is often released in response to environmental dangers and produces the fight or flight response. Which of the following explains why organisms with the adrenal gland arterial arrangement have a selective advantage over those with fewer arteries connected to the adrenal gland?

A) This arrangement allows adrenalin, a steroid hormone with receptors on blood cells found within kidneys, to reach its destination with little energy input.

C) This arrangement allows for adrenalin to be converted to a second messenger within the tissues of the kidneys to remove dangerous chemicals.

B) This arrangement allows adrenalin, a protein hormone, to enter the bloodstream quickly to be distributed throughout the body producing a rapid release of energy.

D) This arrangement allows adrenalin to be quickly absorbed by the kidneys and removed from the body as urine.

Version A

9

22.

At which point on the graph above are insulin receptors on glucose carrier proteins least likely to contain the ligand?

A) QB) RC) SD) T

23. Which kingdoms contain organisms that employ cell-to-cell communication?

I. EubacteriaII. Fungi

III. Animalia IV. Plantae

A) I and II onlyB) II and IV onlyC) III and IV onlyD) I, II, III and IV

24.

Which areas in the diagram above depict the process of transduction in the signal transductionpathway of cell communication?

A) Q and RB) Q and UC) S and TD) T and U

25. When epinephrine binds to cardiac (heart) musclecells, it speeds their contraction. When it binds to muscle cells of the small intestine, it inhibits their contraction. Which of the following best accounts for the fact that the same hormone can have different effects on muscle cells?

A) Cardiac cells have more receptors forepinephrine than do intestinal cells.

B) Epinephrine circulates to the heart first and thus is in higher concentration around cardiac cells.

C) The two types of muscle cells have different signal transduction pathways for epinephrine and thus have different cellular responses.

D) Cardiac muscle is stronger than intestinal muscle and thus has a stronger response to epinephrine.

Version A

10

26. Which of the following best explains the difference between a hormone and a pheromone? A) Pheromones trigger amplification of a signal

transduction pathway and hormones are local regulators.

B) Pheromones are chemical signals between organisms while hormones communicate among the parts within the organism.

C) Hormones travel long within an organism and pheromones travel short distances within an organism.

D) Hormones are large, polar molecules and pheromones area small, non-polar molecules.

Questions 27 and 28

Four different types of signaling mechanisms are listed below.

I. Quorum sensing II. Pheromone signaling

III. Endocrine signaling IV. Paracrine signaling

27. Which signaling mechanism is exemplified by food trail marking behaviors in insects such as ants and termites?

A) IB) IIC) IIID) IV

28. Which signaling mechanism listed above involve chemicals being secreted into the environment?

A) I and IIB) II and IIIC) III and IVD) I, II, III, and IV

Questions 29 and 30

The endocrine system is the system of glands, each of which secretes different types of hormones directly into the bloodstream to maintain homeostasis. Examine the diagram below and use the numbered glands of the human endocrine system to answer the questions.

29. Which of the following indicates the gland that secretes hormones that work together to regulate blood glucose levels?

A) 2B) 3C) 4D) 5

30. Which of the following is often referred to as a “master gland ” since the hormones secreted by this “master gland ”control a multitude of body functions?

A) 1 onlyB) 1 and 2 onlyC) 2 and 3 onlyD) 3 and 4 only

Version A

11

31. Testosterone is a cholesterol containing hormoneproduced by interstitial Leydig cells inside thetestes. Testosterone is circulated by the bloodstreamto a variety of target cells within the body includingthe Sertoli cells responsible for spermatogenesis.Which of the following statements is true regardingtestosterone?

A) Testosterone is a protein hormone involved inparacrine signaling.

B) Testosterone is a protein hormone involved inendocrine signaling

C) Testosterone is a steroid hormone involved inparacrine signaling.

D) Testosterone is a steroid hormone involved inendocrine signaling.

32.

Which of the following statements is supported by the information depicted in the stress hormone feedback loop shown above?

A) A high levels of cortisol stimulates theproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone.

B) The hypothalamus will produce morecorticotropin releasing hormone in the presenceof increased levels of cortisol.

C) Increased cortisol production by the adrenalcortex will result in decreased corticotropinreleasing hormone.

D) A decrease in the levels of cortisol will resultin an decrease in the production ofcorticotropin releasing hormone.

AP Biology Endocrine System & Cell Communication Unit Exam

Part B Directions: These three questions require numeric answers. Calculate the correct answer for each question, and enter your answer on the grid following each question. Examples of correct entry for the grid-in questions are shown below. The actual questions for this exam begin on the next page. Integer Answer Integer Answer Decimal Answer Fraction Answer 502 502 −4.13 −2/10

5 0 2 5 0 2 − 4 . 1 3 − 2 / 1 0

1. Globally, as of 2010, an estimated

285 million people had diabetes, with type 2 making up about 90% of the cases. Its incidence is increasing rapidly, and by 2030, this number is estimated to almost double. There are about 25.8 million people with diabetes in the United States. The total population of the US is 312.5 million. Calculate the frequency of diabetes in the US. Give your answer to three decimal places so that it completes the following statement: “The frequency of diabetes in the United States is about one in every ______ persons.”

2. The pancreas functions both as an endocrine and an exocrine gland. The endocrine function consists of 2 million cells called islets of Langerhans which make up 1% of the pancreas by weight. Sixty percent of the islets are involved in producing insulin. Calculate the weight of the insulin producing cells in a pancreas having a mass of 50.0 g. Give your answer to the nearest one tenth of a gram.

The Effect of Age on Testosterone Levels

Average Age (years)

Total Testesterone

(ng/dl) 30 617 40 668 50 608 60 562 70 524 80 471 93 376

3. Examine the data presented above. Calculate the rate of decline in testosterone between the average

age of 40 years and 50 years. Give your answer to the nearest nanogram.

Name:____________________________Period___________________

Version B


1



Quesitons 1-5


1. Which of the following best describes a benefit ofthe many steps involved in a protein kinasecascade?

A) It allows for the activation or inhibition ofmany enzymes.



2. All of the following are enzymes involved in thesignal transduction pathway shown EXCEPT


3. Which of the following represents the correctordering of the molecules that are activated by asingle molecule of epinephrine, from highestnumber of molecules to lowest number ofmolecules?

A) cAMP, protein kinase A, phosphorylase kinase,glycogen phosphorylase

B) Glycogen phosphorylase, phosphorylasekinase,protein kinase A, cAMP

C) cAMP, phosphorylase kinase,glycogenphosphorylase, protein kinase A

D) Glycogen phosphorylase, cAMP, protein kinaseA, phosphorylase kinase

4. Which of the following would likely not beobserved in a person injected with epinephrine?


Version B

2

5. Which of the following molecules act as a secondmessenger in the cascade by which epinephrinestimulates the activation of the enzyme glycogenphosphorylase?


6. When epinephrine binds to cardiac (heart)musclecells, it speeds their contraction. When itbinds to muscle cells of the small intestine, itinhibits their contraction. Which of the followingbest accounts for the fact that the same hormonecan have different effects on muscle cells?


B) Epinephrine circulates to the heart first and thusis in higher concentration around cardiac cells.

C) The two types of muscle cells have differentsignal transduction pathways for epinephrineand thus have different cellular responses.

D) Cardiac muscle is stronger than intestinalmuscle and thus has a stronger response toepinephrine.

7. I. Induce a rapid responseII. Result in a slow change

III. Composed of amino acid monomersIV. Synthesized from cholesterolV. Act as long distance chemical messengers


A) I, II, and V onlyB) I, II, and III onlyC) II, III, and IV onlyD) II, IV and V only

Questions 8 and 9

Four different types of signaling mechanisms are listed below.

I. Quorum sensing II. Pheromone signaling

III. Endocrine signalingIV. Paracrine signaling

8. Which signaling mechanism is exemplified by foodtrail marking behaviors in insects such as ants andtermites?


9. Which signaling mechanism listed above involvechemicals being secreted into the environment?







Version B

3

Quesiton 11 and 12


11. Which of the following best describes the role inwhich the G protein is most intimately involved inthe process shown above?


12. Investigations into the causes behind symptoms inAlzheimer’s patients have led to the hypothesis thatthe disease maybe caused by excessive activity ofIP3 second messengers in brain cells. Whencomparing cell samples of Alzheimer’s patients tothose taken from the control group, which of thefollowing pieces of evidence would support thishypothesis?

A) A lower number of receptor proteins in theAlzheimer cell samples.

B) A greater volume of endoplasmic reticulummembrane in the control group cell samples.

C) A higher concentration of calcium ions in thecytosol of the Alzheimer cell samples.

D) A lower number of activated proteins in thecytosol of the Alzheimer cell samples.

Version B

4

Questions 13 and 14


13. Which of the following is often referred to as a“master gland ” since the hormones secreted by this“master gland ”control a multitude of bodyfunctions?


14. Which of the following indicates the gland thatsecretes hormones that work together to regulateblood glucose levels?

A) 2B) 3C) 4D) 5

Version B

5

15.


A) All cells in an organism respond to thepresence of epinephrine via secondmessengers present in the homogenate.

C) Epinephrine is a hormone found bound inthe membrane of cells and requires aligand to stimulate its transduction.

B) A soluble second messenger, producedby hormone-activated membranes,, ispresent in the solution and activatesenzymes in the cytoplasm.

D) An epinephrine signal transductionpathway functions more efficiently atwarmer temperatures.

Version B

6

16.



A) Cells communicate with distant cells usinghormones.

B) Cells communicate with each other throughdirect contact.

C) Nerve cells communicate with other nerve cellsusing neurotransmitter.

D) Cells use quorum sensing to communicatedensity levels.

17.



18. Which kingdoms contain organisms that employcell-to-cell communication?


III. AnimaliaIV. Plantae


Version B

7

19.



Version B

8

20.


A) NPH insulin is most efficient inmaintaining a homeostatic blood glucoselevel during 4 to 7 hours after injection.

C) The rate of glucose uptake produced byInsulin Glargine remains constant formore than 18 hours after injection.

B) NPH and Insulin Glargine producesimilar effects on the rate of movement ofglucose out of the blood stream.

D) NPH insulin stimulates the rate of insulinproduction by pancreatic beta cells.

21. All of the following statements about ligand-receptor complexes are true EXCEPT

A) Most receptors exhibit ligand specificity. C) Many drugs that alter human behaviorprevent the binding of receptors’ specific ligands.

B) Ligand-receptor interactions arereversible.

D) Ligand-receptor complexes are mostoften formed in cell communication pathways in which participating cells are in direct contact.

Version B

9



23. Which of the following best explains the differencebetween a hormone and a pheromone?

A) Pheromones trigger amplification of a signaltransduction pathway and hormones are localregulators.

B) Pheromones are chemical signals betweenorganisms while hormones communicateamong the parts within the organism.

C) Hormones travel long within an organism andpheromones travel short distances within anorganism.

D) Hormones are large, polar molecules andpheromones area small, non-polar molecules.

Version B

10

24.






25. Cell signaling involves converting extracellularsignals to specific responses inside the target cell.Which of the following best describes how a cellinitially responds to a signal?

A) The cell experiences a change in receptorconformation.



26. Blood calcium plays a role in the processes ofblood clot formation, muscle contraction and signalconduction in neurons. Negative feedbackmechanisms regulate the release of the pairedhormones that maintain the blood calcium levels.Which of the following statements correctlydescribes this regulatory process?

A) The pituitary gland releases calcium ions whenblood calcium levels fall below the set point.

B) Calcitonin, released by the parathyroid gland,stimulates the deposition of calcium from bonesinto the blood stream when blood calciumlevels are high.

C) Thyroxine, secreted by the thyroid gland,stimulates the release of calcium from theparathyroid gland when blood calcium levelsfall below the set point.

D) Parathyroid glands release PTH whichstimulates the release of calcium from boneswhen the blood calcium levels are lower thanthe set point.

Version B

11

27.


A) This arrangement allows adrenalin, asteroid hormone with receptors on bloodcells found within kidneys, to reach itsdestination with little energy input.

C) This arrangement allows for adrenalin tobe converted to a second messengerwithin the tissues of the kidneys toremove dangerous chemicals.

B) This arrangement allows adrenalin, aprotein hormone, to enter thebloodstream quickly to be distributedthroughout the body producing a rapidrelease of energy.

D) This arrangement allows adrenalin to bequickly absorbed by the kidneys andremoved from the body as urine.

28. In his research on cell signaling involvingepinephrine, E.W. Sutherland determined glycogenphosphorylase was activated by epinephrine.Sutherland found that in vitro, in the lab setting,epinephrine was unable to activate phosphorylase.The reaction required live cells. Which of thefollowing best explains why epinephrine reactedonly in live cells?

A) Epinephrine is a G-linked protein that reactswith DNA in the signal reaction.

B) Epinephrine must be directly interacting withglycogen phosphorylase.

C) Cell membrane proteins and molecules insidethe cell must be involved in transmitting thesignal.

D) Glycogen phosphorylase must have an activesite with an affinity for epinephrine.

29. Insulin, epinephrine, testosterone, folliclestimulating hormone, and estrogen are all capableof triggering the flow of communication in a signaltransduction pathway. Which of the followingterms best describes such molecules?

A) ligandsB) receptorsC) protein hormonesD) steroid hormones

Version B

12

30. Each of the following numbered processes areinvolved in signal transduction pathways:

I. Response II. AmplificationIII. ReceptionIV. Transduction


A) I, II, III, IVB) II, III, IV, IC) III, I, IV, IID) III, IV, II, I

31. The term steroid describes both hormones producedby the body and artificially produced medicationsthat duplicate the action for the naturally occurringsteroids. All of the following describe steroidhormones EXCEPT?

A) They bind with receptor proteins in the plasmamembrane to trigger cellular responses.

B) They are derived from cholesterol and are lipidsoluble.

C) They serve as ligands in signal transductionpathways.

D) They are exemplified by testosterone, estrogenand progesterone.

32.


A) QB) RC) SD) T



5 0 2 5 0 2 − 4 . 1 3 − 2 / 1 0


Average Age (years)

Total Testesterone

(ng/dl) 30 617 40 668 50 608 60 562 70 524 80 471 93 376



Name:____________________________Period___________________

Version C


1



1. In his research on cell signaling involving epinephrine, E.W. Sutherland determined glycogen phosphorylase wasactivated by epinephrine. Sutherland found that in vitro, in the lab setting, epinephrine was unable to activatephosphorylase. The reaction required live cells. Which of the following best explains why epinephrine reacted onlyin live cells?

A) Epinephrine is a G-linked protein thatreacts with DNA in the signal reaction.

C) Cell membrane proteins and moleculesinside the cell must be involved intransmitting the signal.

B) Epinephrine must be directly interactingwith glycogen phosphorylase.

D) Glycogen phosphorylase must have anactive site with an affinity forepinephrine.

Version C

2

2.






Version C

3

3.







Quesitons 4-8







Version C

4











9. All of the following statements aboutligand-receptor complexes are true EXCEPT



formed in cell communication pathways inwhich participating cells are in direct contact.






Version C

5





Version C

6

Questions 13 and 14





A) 2B) 3C) 4D) 5

15.








Version C

7





18.






Version C

8

Quesiton 19 and 20









Version C

9





22.






Version C

10




A) I, II, and V onlyB) I, II, and III onlyC) II, III, and IV onlyD) II, IV and V only











Version C

11

26.








28.


A) QB) RC) SD) T

Version C

12

Questions 29 and 30

Four different types of signaling mechanisms are

listed below.I. Quorum sensing

II. Pheromone signalingIII. Endocrine signaling

IV. Paracrine signaling





31.






Version C

13

32. Which kingdoms contain organisms that employ cell-to-cell communication? I. EubacteriaII. Fungi


A) I and II only C) III and IV onlyB) II and IV only D) I, II, III and IV

Name:____________________________Period___________________

Version D


1



Quesiton 1 and 2







Version D

2









5. In his research on cell signaling involvingepinephrine, E.W. Sutherland determined glycogenphosphorylase was activated by epinephrine.Sutherland found that in vitro, in the lab setting,epinephrine was unable to activate phosphorylase.The reaction required live cells. Which of thefollowing best explains why epinephrine reactedonly in live cells?

A) Epinephrine is a G-linked protein that reactswith DNA in the signal reaction.

B) Epinephrine must be directly interacting withglycogen phosphorylase.

C) Cell membrane proteins and molecules insidethe cell must be involved in transmitting thesignal.

D) Glycogen phosphorylase must have an activesite with an affinity for epinephrine.






Version D

3

Questions 7 and 8



A) 2B) 3C) 4D) 5



Quesitons 9-13




Version D

4



















15. Which kingdoms contain organisms that employcell-to-cell communication?




Version D

5

16.











Version D

6

18.









A) I, II, and V only C) II, III, and IV onlyB) I, II, and III only D) II, IV and V only

Version D

7

20.






Version D

8










23.



Version D

9

Questions 24 and 25

Four different types of signaling mechanisms are

listed below.I. Quorum sensing

II. Pheromone signalingIII. Endocrine signaling

IV. Paracrine signaling





26.



27. All of the following statements aboutligand-receptor complexes are true EXCEPT



formed in cell communication pathways inwhich participating cells are in direct contact.

Version D

10

28.


A) QB) RC) SD) T



Version D

11

30.











Version D

12

32.









5 0 2 5 0 2 − 4 . 1 3 − 2 / 1 0


Average Age (years)

Total Testesterone

(ng/dl) 30 617 40 668 50 608 60 562 70 524 80 471 93 376



AP* Biology: Endocrine and Cell...

Documents

Transcript of AP* Biology: Endocrine and Cell...