“Operators, Expressions, and statements”calab.hanyang.ac.kr/courses/ISD_taesoo/C05... ·...
Transcript of “Operators, Expressions, and statements”calab.hanyang.ac.kr/courses/ISD_taesoo/C05... ·...
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“Operators, Expressions, and statements”Using Bloodshed Dev-C++
Heejin Park
Hanyang University
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Introduction
Introducing Loops
Some Additional Operators
Expressions and Statements
Type Conversions and Type casts
Function with Arguments
A Sample Program
Summary
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Introducing Loops
The shoes1.c Program
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Introducing Loops
The shoes1.c Program
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Introducing Loops
The shoes2.c Program
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Introducing Loops
The shoes2.c Program
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Fundamental Operators
Operators
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Assignment =
Addition +
Subtraction -
Sign - and +
Multiplication *
Division /
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Fundamental Operators
Some Terminology
• Data Objects• a region of data storage that can be used to hold values.
• Lvalues• a name or expression that identifies a particular Data object.
– A=3; // A is the lvalue
• Rvalues• quantities that can be assigned to modifiable Lvalues.
– A=3; // 3 is the R value
• Operands• Operands are what operators operate on.
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Fundamental Operators
The golf.c Program
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Fundamental Operators
The golf.c Program
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Fundamental Operators
Unary and binary operators
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Fundamental Operators
The squares.c Program
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Fundamental Operators
The squares.c Program
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Fundamental Operators
The wheat.c Program(1/2)
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Fundamental Operators
The wheat.c Program(2/2)
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Fundamental Operators
The wheat.c Program
• Exponential Growth
…Run until square value is 64
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Fundamental Operators
The divide.c Program
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Fundamental Operators
The divide.c Program
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Fundamental Operators
Operator Precedence
• Expression trees showing operators, operands, and order of evaluation.
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Fundamental Operators
Operator Precedence
• Operators in Order of Decreasing Precedence
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Operator Associativity
() Left to right
+ - (unary) Right to left
* / Left to right
+ - (binary) Left to right
= Right to left
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Fundamental Operators
The rules.c Program
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Fundamental Operators
The rules.c Program
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Some Additional Operators
The sizeof Operator and the size_t Type
• sizeof returns a value of type size_t• Operator returns the size, in bytes, of its operand.
• The operand can be a specific data object or it can be a type.
• Additional Operators
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Modulus %
Increment and Decrement ++ and --
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Some Additional Operators
The sizeof.c Program
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Some Additional Operators
The sizeof.c Program
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Some Additional Operators
The sizeof.c Program
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Some Additional Operators
The sizeof.c Program
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Some Additional Operators
Additional Operators
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Modulus %
Increment and Decrement ++ and --
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Some Additional Operators
The min_sec.c Program
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Some Additional Operators
The min_sec.c Program
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Some Additional Operators
The add_one.c Program
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Some Additional Operators
The add_one.c Program
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Some Additional Operators
Through the loop once
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Some Additional Operators
The post_pre.c Program
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Some Additional Operators
The post_pre.c Program
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Some Additional Operators
Prefix and postfix
• Prefix
• Fist, increment a by 1;
• Then, multiply a by 2 and assign to q
• Postfix
• Fist, multiply a 2, assign to q
• then, increment a by 1
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q = 2*++a;
q = 2*a++;
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Some Additional Operators
The bottles.c Program
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Some Additional Operators
The bottles.c Program
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Some Additional Operators
Quiz
• squares.c program
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Some Additional Operators
Quiz
• Yet another troublesome case is this:
• Guess the result.
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Expressions and Statements
Expressions
• An expression consists of a combination of operators and operands.
• Every expression has a value.
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Expressions and Statements
Statements
• The primary building blocks of a program.
• In C, statements are indicated by a semicolon at the end.
This is a statement
This is just an expression
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num = 2;
num = 2
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Expressions and Statements
The addemup.c Program
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Expressions and Statements
The addemup.c Program
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Expressions and Statements
Statements
• Structure of a simple while loop
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Expressions and Statements
Compound Statements (Blocks)
• Two or more statements grouped together by enclosing them in braces.
• Compare the following program fragments.
• <fragment 1> <fragment 2>
•
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Expressions and Statements
Compound Statements (Blocks)
• Results <Fragment1> <Fragment2>
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Expressions and Statements
Statements
• A while loop with a compound statement.
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Type Conversions and type casts
Automatic type conversions
• When you add values having different data types, • both values are first converted to the same type.
• Type conversions• depend on the specified operator and the type of the operand or operators.
The cast operator
• Explicit type conversions.
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(type) variable
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Type Conversions and type casts
The convert.c Program
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Type Conversions and type casts
The convert.c Program
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Type Conversions and type casts
The Cast Operator
• This is the general form of a cast operator:
• Consider the next two code lines, in which mice is an int variable. • The second line contains two casts to type int.
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Function with Arguments
Using function arguments
• Example program
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Function with Arguments
Using function arguments
• Example program• pound()function: prints a specified number of pound signs (#).
• also illustrates some points about type conversion.
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A Sample Program
A Sample Program
• Example program
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A Sample Program
Using function arguments
• Source code (1/3)
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A Sample Program
A Sample Program
• Source code (2/3)
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A Sample Program
A Sample Program
• Source code (3/3)
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Summary(1/4)
Operators
• = - * / % ++ -- (type)
• Unary operators• minus sign and sizeof
• Binary operators• addition and the multiplication operators
Expressions
• Combinations of operators and operands
• Rules of operator precedence
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Summary(2/4)
Statements
• Complete instructions to the computer and are indicated in C by a terminating semicolon.
• Included within a pair of braces constitute a compound statement, or block.
• Declaration statements
• Assignment statements
• Function call statements
• Control statements
– While loop
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Summary(3/4)
Type Conversions
• The char and short types• promoted to type int whenever they appear in expressions or as function
arguments.
• The float type • promoted to type double when used as a function argument.
• Converted from a larger type to a smaller type• long to short or double to float
• there might be a loss of data.
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Summary(4/4)
Define a function
• When you define a function that takes an argument• Declare a variable, or formal argument, in the function definition.
• Then the value passed in a function call
– assigned to this variable, which can now be used in the function.
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