“Once expanded to the dimensions of a larger idea, [the mind]...
Transcript of “Once expanded to the dimensions of a larger idea, [the mind]...
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–Oliver Wendell Holmes
“Once expanded to the dimensions of a larger idea, [the mind] never returns to its original size.”
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UNIT 1 PSYCHOLOGY’S HISTORY AND APPROACHES
Module1. Psychology’s Roots and HistoryModule II. Psychology’s Historical Schools and Approaches
Module III. Subfields in Psychology
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HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED?• Have you ever wondered if people are born
smarter than others?
• Have you ever become depressed or anxious and wondered whether you’ll ever feel “normal”?
• Have you ever wondered how the Internet, video games, and social networks affect people?
• Have you ever awakened from a nightmare and wondered why you had such a crazy dream?
Psychology is a science that seeks to answer such questions about us all- how and why we think, feel, and act as we do.
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PSYCHOLOGY: _______________________________________________________________.
- Behavior is anything an organism does- any action we can observe and record. Examples? - Mental processes are the internal, subjective experiences we infer from our behavior. Examples?
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I. ROOTS AND HISTORY • Back to the beginning.
• Many of Psychology’s current questions go back to our earliest thinkers.
• Influences come from philosophy and biology:
• A. Greek Philosophers: quest for knowledge and understanding.
• 1. Socrates believed mind to be separate from body and knowledge is innate (nature), suggested that the brain is the seat of mental processes.
• 2. Aristotle denied the existence of innate ideas (nurture), suggested that the heart is the seat of mental processes.
Module 1
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• B. 16th century philosophy:
• 1.René Descartes: believed behavior was a combination of mind and body(Dualism). However, he believed the brain controlled behavior. Like Plato, knowledge is innate. (Nature)
• 2. John Locke: believed knowledge is not innate and insisted the mind at birth is a “Tabula Rasa” blank slate. Experience is everything. (Nurture)
• 3. Francis Bacon- British who became one of the founders of modern science.
• 4. Locke and Bacon’s ideas, helped form modern empiricism. (the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observation and experimentation)
I. ROOTS AND HISTORY
Module 1
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• C. Charles Darwin
• 1800s
• 1. On the Origin of Species explained species variation and diversity by proposing the evolutionary process of natural selection: From among chance variations, nature selects traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
• 2. Finches in G.I. than those in England
• 3. Theory of Evolution: animals had adapted and changed overtime
• 4. Natural Selection and the Survival of the Fittest
• http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/07/060714-evolution.html
I. ROOTS AND HISTORY Module 1
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