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Investigating Words

Word Bank

August 2011Contents

PageIntroduction 4Linguistic Phonics Mapping Progression 5Yearly Planners 6-8

Stage 1 satpin 9 mocfrudhgkb 9 jevxlnwyz 9

Stage 2 vcc words 10 cvcc words 10 ccvc words 10 ccvcc words 11 cccvcc words 11

Stage 3 Multi-syllabic words 12 Compound words 12

Stage 4 double letters –ff, ll, zz, ss 13 ck 13 sh 13 ch 13 th 14 ng 14 qu 14 ar 14 Multi syllabic word list 15

Stages 5 & 6 ‘oa’ as in boat, grow, old, toe, home, though 16 ‘ow’ as in now, cloud, drought 17 ‘er’ as in faster, colour, collar, hurt, shirt, work 18 ‘ee’ as in he, eat, sleep, Pete, money, funny, chief, ski

19

‘ay’ as in play, pain, make, baby, they, break, eight, vein

20

‘e’ as in get, said, head, many, friend 21 ‘air’ as in pair, wear, care, where, their (optional)

22

‘oo’ as in do, too, full, could, glue, flute, fruit, through

23

‘igh’ as in night, find, ride, pie, cry, neither 24 ‘oy’ as in toy, oil 25 ‘u-e’ as in tune, tissue, few, menu, Europe 26 ‘aw’ as in saw, ball, sauce, taught, doll, bought 27 ‘u’ as in sun, touch, won, flood 28 ‘i’ as in slit, build, mystery, pretty, busy, sieve 29 ‘ar as in car, heart 30 ‘or’ as in for, war, wore 30

Stages 5 & 6 ‘s’ as in sit, miss, science, mouse, cycle, mice, listen

31

‘r’ as in rat, cherry, write, rhino 32 ‘l’ as in lips, bells, hospital, camel, pencil, handle

33

‘d’ as in dog, ladder, hugged 34 ‘k’ as in cat, kid, folk, Christmas, account, 35

2

acquire ‘ch’ as in church, watch 36 ‘f’ as in fish, coffee, dolphin, calf, laugh 37 ‘g’ as in gate, egg, ghost, guess 38 ‘h’ as in house, who 38 ‘j’ as in jam, giant, orange, bridge 39 ‘m’ as in mask, lamb, hymn, hammer, calm 39 ‘n’ as in nut, dinner, knee, gnome, pneumonia 40 ‘sh’ as in ship, sugar, chef, ocean 40 ‘t’ as in tent, butter, jumped, private, debt, cassette

41

‘w’ as in web, wheel 42 ‘ve’ as in van, sleeve 42 ‘z’ as in zip, buzz, sneeze, cheese, laser, scissors

43

Separated sound 43 Overlap lesson 44 ‘ible’/’able’ 45 ‘ture’/’sure’ 45 ‘ary’/’ery’/ ‘ory’ 46 ‘ant’/’ent’ 47 ‘ance/ence’ 48 ‘ious’/ ‘ous’ 49 ‘tial’/’cial’ 50 ‘tion’/’cian’/’sion’/’ssion’ 51 Words for Syllable Identifcation 52 Tricky words 52 Schwa vowels 53 Odd Bods 54

Introduction

This booklet has been compiled to support a linguistic phonics approach.

At Stages 1-3 sample words are given that may be used for word building lessons. There is an expectation that once children are familiar with the most common sound-letter correspondences, they will be able to read and spell any words in the word-bank. Children should not be given words to spell at stages 1-3.

At Stage 4 children will encounter some variations, e.g. double consonants and alternative spellings, for example ‘ch’ as in ‘chip’ and ‘tch’ as in ‘witch’. It is

3

important that they recognise the variation in the code at this stage, so encourage them to use words containing different spelling of the same sound.

At Stages 5 and 6 a selection of words is provided for each target sound including Latin endings. These words are arranged in phases for investigation. Children should be working comfortably at phase 3 before being given targeted spellings to learn. Choose words from each bank which are appropriate to age or interest, ensuring that a range of spellings for each target sound is presented at one time. Add other words to the word-bank that are of particular relevance or interest to your children.

Remember that the word-bank is providing words for investigation rather than a list of words to learn.

You may choose specific words from different phases which particular children or groups of children may find difficult to spell independently. Ensure children have a range of strategies to help them commit these words to long term memory. Words will be repeated in some phases to allow children to build on previous knowledge, helping them to make connections between familiar words and words they are currently learning.

The recommended teaching order is outlined in the yearly planner but do not miss valuable teaching opportunities by sticking rigidly to this – if children draw attention to words, containing unfamiliar spelling, in texts or their own writing, encourage investigation. As children begin to understand orthographic diversity they will begin to work out most of the code themselves. They will make connections and learn new spellings of particular sounds before they are explicitly introduced. This is what we really want to see happening!

As a linguistic phonics approach is based on how sounds in speech are represented in print, it is important that account is taken of local dialect and pronunciation. It may be necessary to move words into different categories if children’s pronunciation differs from that presented in the following pages, e.g. some children may not hear ‘ay’ in ‘cake’.

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Linguistic Phonics- mapping progression

Phase 1

During this phase children:

learn and consistently apply code knowledge from Stage 1-3

internalise the concepts that the same sound can be represented in different ways and that the same symbol may represent different sounds.

Phase 2


internalise the most common representations and apply these in independent writing

demonstrate awareness of orthographic tendencies, using the ‘most likely’ option, e.g. ‘y’ at the end of a word to represent ‘ee’.

Phase 3


begin to memorise the spelling of Stage 5 high-frequency words, where the spelling is unpredictable e.g. ‘street’.

(Stage 6 Lesson 3 “See it Right” is particularly important for pupils working in the third phase and beyond.)

develop awareness of the effect of grammar on spelling at a basic level, e.g. when changing tense: doubling letters hop – hopping /hopped changing letters y’– ‘ ie’ cry- cries; changing word functions: help – helpful – helpfully: fun - funny -funniest

homophones and homographs

e.g. road /rode lie/ lie

Phase 4

Once children have: investigated the

main orthographic patterns in English

internalised the spellings of most high-frequency words

can readily apply their knowledge when generating unfamiliar words

they are ready to explore more closely the impact of grammar on spelling and less common graphemes.

Children will become familiar with the impact of grammar on spelling and memorise words that do not follow any conventional spelling patterns, i.e. odd-bods such as ‘sword’ or ‘dungeon’

Children will be familiar with:

*Latin endings in more complex words *unusual plurals: antennae, formulae, stimuli *origins of spellings, root words *meanings of prefixes and suffixes, e.g. auto /bi /ness etc.

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Sept-Oct Nov-Dec Jan-Feb March-April May-JuneP2 Stage 1 6

weeks2wks sat pin2 wks mocfrudhgkb2 wks jevxlnwyz

Begin stage 2 1 wk CVCC and VCC1 wk CCVC

Complete stage 21 wk CCVCC, CCCVC

1 wk Stage 3 multisyllablic words

Stage 4 2 -3 wks, beginning with some doubles e.g. ff ,ll, ss, zz etc.Introduce ck, sh, th, ch, qu, ar, ng.

Stage 5 One week for each of the sounds below: (order optional)

ee, er, oa, igh, ow, ay, v/ve,

Stage 5 One week for each of the sounds below :(order optional)

oo, aw, w, e, or, oy

Revision of codeie, aw, ee, oaer, ay, oo

Children discover some additional consonant variations throughout the year e.g. s/ss/se, f/ff/ph, c/k/ck, w/wh, d/ed. Take the opportunity to investigate them as they arise.P3 Stage 1 & 2

1 week(Provide scaffolded support for those children experiencing difficulty.)

Stage 3 & 4 1 week

Stage 5 One week for each sound below:(order optional) ee, ow, er, oa, ay, oo

Stage 5 continued

One week for each of the sounds Below: (order optional):

igh, aw, e, oy, d, w/wh

Stage 5-6 continued

il/le/ll, se/ss/ce, v/ve, c/ck/ch

ee, igh, aw, ay (Emphasise ‘separated sound’ with igh and ‘ay’)

Revision of the code:

er ow oa oo

Stage 5-6 continued

t, kn, j/g, h/wh,* (*Link with fractions: half-whole)

Revision of the codeSelect the stage 5/6 sounds with which children are experiencing difficulty.

Sentence and Word level:word endings – plurals, past tense, present tense

Sentence and Word level:verb tenses, plurals, contractions

Sentence and Word level:verb tenses, plurals, contractions

Children discover some additional consonant variations throughout the year e.g. f/ph,ch/tch, kn, mb, h/wh, j/g, g/gh, sh/s, z, t

Take the opportunity to investigate them as they arise.

Sept-Oct Nov-Dec Jan-Feb March-April May-JuneP4 Stage 2 lesson

3 1 week: nonsense words(Provide

Stages 5/6

One week for each sound:

Stages 5/6

One week for each of the sounds

Revision of the code:

igh, aw, e, ay,

Stage 5/6 Variations

gh/g; or/ar;

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scaffolded support for those children experiencing difficulty.)

Stage 3- 4 1 week Stage 5One week for each of the sounds below: (order optional)oa, ow, er, ee, ay, oo,

(order optional)

igh , aw, e, ew d

Consonant Variations

il/le/ll se/ss/ce

below(Order optional) i, u, oy, (air)

Consonant Variationsr/wr; kn/n/nn; m/mm/mb/; j/g; h/wh

ee, oa,

Consonant Variationsch/tch; ph/f/ff

z/zz/s/se;

tt/t/ed; c/ck/ch:

sh/s; w/wh

Select the stage 5 sounds children are experiencing difficulty with and use for investigation with these variations.

Sentence and Word level:verb tenses-present, past, future, prefixes and antonyms

Sentence and Word level:plurals, verbs, suffixes

Sentence and Word level:pronouns, prefixes –antonyms

P5Stage 2 lesson 3:nonsense words-1 week (Provide scaffolded support for those children experiencing difficulty.)

Stage 3- 4 1 week

Stage 5/6 VariationsOne week for each of the sounds below:(order optional) oa, ow, er, ee, ay, oo

Stage 5 /6 VariationsOne week for each of the sounds below:(order optional)

igh; aw; e*; ew; d/dd/ed; t /tt/ed; se/ss/ce;

*ending – ant/ent

Stage 5 /6 Variations

kn/n/ nn/gn; i*; u; (air)

w/wh; ch/tch; f/ph; m/mm/mb; r/wr/rr/rh

*ending - ist/est

Endings2 weeks tion/sion* ible/ableture/sure*

Stage 5-6 Variationsc/ck/ch; gh/g; sh/s*; l/il/le/ll; oy; j/g/dge/ge

*These phonemes may be investigated at the same time.

Revision of the code

Ending - ory/ery/ary

Select the stage 5/6 sounds with which children are experiencing difficulty.

Sentence and Word level:verb tenses, adverbs, homographs, homophones, suffixes

Sentence and Word level:adjectives, suffixes, plurals

Sentence and Word level:pronouns, common roots, prefixes, suffixes, homographs

Sept-Oct Nov-Dec Jan-Feb March-April May-JuneP6

Stage 2 lesson 3 1 week (nonsense words)

Stages 3 & 4 1 week

Stage 5One week for each of the sounds below: (order optional) oa, ow, er, ee. igh, Special Endings Stage 61 week (shun) tion/cian/sion/ssion

Stages 5/6

One week for each of the sounds below: (order optional)ay, e, oo, aw

Special Endings: 4 weeks ible/able, ent/antence/ance, us/ous

Stages 5/6

One week for each of the sounds;(order optional)u, se, le, i

Special Endings: 4 weeks ory/ery/arycious/tious/scious/xioustial/cial/si sure/ture

Schwa vowel: mountain, luggage

Stages 5/6

One week for each of the sounds;(order optional)ue, ph, kn/n, wr, j, g , t (air)

Some of these may only take ½ a week tch, sh, g /gh, z, ck, oy



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Sentence and Word level:adverbs, plurals, prefixes, suffixes, word roots

Sentence and Word level:homophones, homographs, antonyms, pluralisation of nouns

Sentence and Word level:apostrophe, prefixes, suffixes, words from other languages, word origins

P7

Stage 2 lesson 3 1 week(nonsense words)

Stage 3 & 4: 1 week Stage 5One week for each of the sounds below:(order optional) oa, ow, er, ee igh

Special Endings: Stage 6

1 weektion/cian/sion/ssion

Stage 5/6

One week for each of the sounds below:(order optional)

ay, e, oo, aw

Special Endings: 4 weeks ible/able ent/antence/ance us/ous

Stage 5/6

One week for each of the sounds:(order optional)

u, se, le, i,

Special Endings: 4 weeks ory/ery/arycious/tious/scious/xioustial/cial/sialsure/ture

Stage 5/6

ue, ph, kn/n, wr , j, t (air)

Some of these may only take ½ a week tch, sh, g, ck, oy



Sentence and Word level:prefixes, suffixes, words from other languages, word origins

Sentence and Word level:Plurals, prefixes, suffixes, origins of words, e.g. Latin roots

Sentence and Word level:suffixes, adjacent consonants, adjacent vowels, schwa vowel, adjectives/adverbs, comparatives and superlatives

Stage 1 One letter / one sound (cvc, vc )

First 100 HFW Next 200 HFW

an sat tip patat tap panit nap pininis*as*

nantantin

pitpatsat

First 100 HFW First 100 HFW Next 200 HFW

had it hat did copdad on man dog mopcan big ran hot mapup him cat top cap

m o c f r u d h g k b

s a t p i n

8

but his* has us cupmum did am fun cutif not sat run cubis*in

gotof*

bad sun cabfab

First 100 HFW

Next 200 HFW

get yes dip yes bopred did yet topbed lip vet totfox zip jet notbox zap jot net

lad wit wet

* Not pure stage 1 words but children should be able to read them using Stage 1 knowledge (normalisation strategy)

Stage 2One letter / one sound - longer and more complex words

(vcc, cvcc, ccvc, ccvcc)


and end antalp

askact

elkelf

amp opt asp


went can’t rust nest deskhelp fast lump sand milkjust last silk rest damp

gran jump rent campnext lent bulk fistlet’s test bent lampbest west mask sentwind soft felt lendstop golf gift sandlots limp task landmust sulk dump pest

j e v x l w y z

vcc words

cvcc words

9

First 100 HFW

from* stopcrab

tripdrop

drumslot

twintrot

plotclan

snip snap spit spot trimswat crop plot glen slipblot flap stab grip planglad frog clap swim slabspat step pram clam swamtrap slap bled grit plopplop plum slug flop grin

grand craft twist spendcramp gland stamp blaststump slump stand blenddrift trend blunt crispglint brand crest printgrunt clump frost crust

clankclinkplankdrunk

flankdrinkslinktrunk

drankblinkblankstunk

skunkspankstink

Next 200 HFW

plants splat prompt scriptdidn’t strap strict scrum

strip splits crispssplit strips splint

cccvc, cccvc, ccvccc, cccvcc words

ccvc wordsvc words

ccvcc words

n/ng words words

10

sprat struts strand

*These words will present more difficulty for spelling than for reading. Children should be encouraged to use the context to help them normalise the pronunciation of these words when reading.

Stage 3 Multi-syllabic wordsWords at this stage contain sounds introduced at Stages 1 and 2.

Two syllable wordsNext 200 HFWgrandad exit rapid conduct content extinct

contest intend contact solid expelnapkin consist public disgust examsunset frantic construct tonsil excelkidnap infect static contract extendDublin picnic exist handstand compelsplendid admit hectic satin conflictBrazil pilgrim transmit unplug metricunjust expand album suspend Scotlanddenim credit subject nostril transfixBelfast panic robin gremlin zigzaginsect comic pumpkin plastic dentist

dragon* canal* London* ransom* petal* seldom*magic* salad* atlas* vandal* absent* dismal*

hundred*

lemon* distant* rascal* seven*

trumpet*

problem* canvas* second* medal*

pedal* velvet* victim* landed* (*These words contain schwa vowels (stage 6). Children would not be expected to spell them at stage 3, but should be able to use existing knowledge to read them.)

Three + syllable words animals* Atlantic cabinet develop disposal*banana plentiful atomic embankment elegant*fantastic compliment abracadabra contradict consultant*hospital* benefit habitat tropical*(*These words contain schwa vowels (stage 6). Children would not be expected to spell them at stage 3, but should be able to use existing knowledge to read them.)

compound wordsblindfold handbag handstand humdrum upondustpan handcraft humbug inset himself

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**Prefixes and suffixes can be introduced, e.g. helpful/unhelpful; extend/expel

Stage 4Sounds represented by more than one letter

First 100 HFW

Next 200 HFW

off eggs bluff well mess fuzz mittrabbit coffin tell kiss jazz kitten

cuff pull press fizz bottomtraffic hill pass whizz mittensniff will toss buzz cottonfluff still stress razzmataz

zattic

First 100 HFW

Next 200 HFW

back duck sock Jack unpack muckkick sick deck packluck stuck brick stickneckblackpick

locklickbrick

kicksucksack

trickattackstuck

Next 200 HFW

wish shot crash shrug punishfish ash flash shrub vanish

shed gash gosh Spanishcash lash posh selfishdish shrink fresh unselfishship shred blush fleshshopshut

shiftrush

flashshin

lash

Stage 4

Double Consonants ff ll ss zz tt

sh

ck

12

Next 200 HFW

much chug such bench check chickenchum chip clench fetch childrenlunch chill pinch match stretchchamp chin hunch drench thatchbunch punch branch patch chisel


this than maths thick thrush monthwith that’s bath think froth Odd-bodthem cloth width hundredth thethe

Next 200 HFW king stung strong sitting stockinglong bring hang singing lickingalong string bang thrilling wettingthings strung hung swimming ringing

wing ring song bringing

quick squid quench quest quitquiz squint squat quack quinquilt squish quell quill quest

‘qu’ is actually 2 separate phonemes but are usually encountered together in English

Stage 4

carfarmmarket

parkbarstar

harmartcart

partsmartshark

sharparchmarch

ng

qu

ar Odd-bod

ch Variations – ‘ch’/’tch’ – ‘chip’/’catch’; ‘wh’/’w’ – when, ‘which’/’witch’

Odd bod: areOdd-bod

th

13

armjar

darkcard

hardyard

sparbarn

scarfchart


when which whipwhizzwhack

whiskwhamwhiff

Multisyllabic words

(These words contain only sounds introduced at Stages 1, 2 and 4)

bandstandbackdrop

acting comment fossil publishadmit complex insult punish

Batman axis consent invent rabbitbedbug backing convict jackpot radishcatnap bandit correct mimic rubbishdesktop banish cosmic nomad shoppingdustbin bankrupt costing non-stop sluggisheggshell bashful credit nutmeg spellingflagship blinking dandruff object splendidfrogman cabin discuss obstruct stockinglunchbox candid dismiss ostrich suspectsandbag cannot distress padlock tripletsandbank check-up exempt polish upsetsandpit chopstick fabric profit vanishwindmill collect fishing project wigwam

Stages 5 and 6(Same sound represented different ways/same symbol representing different

sounds)

‘oa’ The old boat can go slowly.

oa boatow growo oldoe toe

o-e homeou soulough though

Phase 2 Phase 3a

Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c

no slow clothes sown soul/ sole chorego home know doe/dough arrow potion

wh

14

so know hope thrown oboe depotdon't more throw woe pillow gloatold door* glow though elbow chateau oh only soap wrote boast gateaux going told phone coach cargo ozone cold before both yolk /yoke ghost localboat window

snowowe joey mould flora

show

mostyellowoveralsotoe/towgoesbowrowcoatboneopencroak

going loaf/ loaves scold decodegoattoe

closegrowfloatopenedgroantoastrosenosegoatwokewon’theroesfoesshowed

brokemoanedsmokewon’tspokenfollowedthroatclothesnoticesupposetomorrowtomatoessore/soarsew

radioapproachshoulderdoughnutforebodecrocusmomentalthoughmicro-chipporeloatheshoalcourse/coarsebrooch

rodentbungalowcoaxingpotatoesharrowingpromotionannotatexylophonepromotehypnosismicrophonestethoscopeexplosionsword

*** Stage 5 Lesson 2 - Introduce overlap for ‘o’, e.g. ‘go’ and ‘hop’Consonant Variations Prefixes and Suffixes

ph phone kn know gh ghost pro pronoun

scope

microscope

f fat n no g go protest telescopeff puff gn gnom

egg jogging propoe stethoscop

e

Stages 5 and 6‘ow’

The clown is in the brown house.ow nowou cloudough drought

Phase 2 Phase 3a


now how brow noun bow ouncedown our foul bounce bough chowderout round fowl allow pouch insurmountabl

e house shoute

dgown shower towel lounge

about mouse power cloud aloud grout

N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.

15

brown found south vowel allowed prowlershout town mouth aloud drought scoundrelcow around pound miscount wound encounterowl howl trout drown vowels bountifulloud sound flour amount account scowling

sow flower powder astound towellingcrowd scout plough surround cowardlyclown about proudest discount floundercount frown blouse disallow doubtlesscounting

outing prowl fountain powerless

shouting counted thousand rebound throughoutoutside ground frowned doubted empoweredgrowl loudly thousandth bounced thousandth

grouch without allowance dumbfoundedcrown crowded mountainous announcemen

tpout grounded background mispronounceeyebrow trousers roundabout counselling

*** Stage 5 Lesson 2 - Introduce overlap for ‘ow’, e.g. cow and snow.Consonant Variations

se mouse ss pass c cents sit sc scent st listen

N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list. .

Stages 5 and 6

‘er’ Bert has dirt on his shirt.

er faster ur hurt our colour ir shirt ar collar or work

Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4chergirlhereotherveryafterever

water world occur armour jurorevery different horror author murmurriver colour serve odour humouranother narrator church acre harbournever nurse verse murder labourletter purse actor dollar martyr

16

overbird

after worm cellar burglar surgeon mother liar sterner sensor surround

faster brother shirt litre thirsty glamoursister motor circle difference surfacefirst bigger

doctor birth

metrethinner

perfectsemicircle

energysurgery

work finger river modern orcharddirt stern collar partner researchword skirt burger perfume purposeturn father colourful furnish modernthird summer adverb permit thirtiethunder butter silver chapter surveywinter enter camera slither interest

there*their*were*where*

sir number monster disturb governmentSaturday upward visitor exercise restaurantThursday verb mystery stranger millilitre

October homework perimeter millimetreNovember return surprised universitySeptember calendar binocular circumferenceDecember computer personal surmount

*** Stage 5 Lesson 2 - Introduce overlap for ‘or’, e.g. doctor and forConsonant Variations Prefixes and suffixes

dge Badger ge large per perfect, permit, personalj Jumper g germ sur surround, surrender

surmountN.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.

Satges 5 and 6

‘ee’Pete is asleep in his seat.

e he ee sleepea eat e-e Peteey money y funnyie chief i ski ei weird

Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4csee keep floppy teeth piece/ peace eager he even suddenly peach early eithershe key people niece seize pulley we sleep thief steep thief/ thieves schemebe feet year scene /seen alley relief me queen heel / heal coffee steel/steal routinetree each eve honey weird similebeen tea many freeze marine deceive

17

sea green bean sneeze demand receiptthese please story angry thirsty achievebegan he’s read/reed speech reason beliefneed we’re east field receive extreme

daddy bleed movie ceiling dieseleat agree stories athlete cuisineeveryone equal empty machine believebaby dream season believe detestmummy taxi toffee entry freedomvery creep frosty shield hygienesixteen treat babies release treasonfifteen cheeky donkey decrease scalenetwenty teacher storey increase retrievethree fifteen chimney journey agreementhappy sixteen beneath complete equilateralseen twenty happily creakily believablestreet ski everybody treatment completely

Consonant Variations Prefixes and suffixes

ve leave anti antiseptic, antidote, antifreezev vet -ly lovely, finally, quietly, friendlyf of

‘ay’Jane is in pain today.

ay play ai paina-e make a babyey they ea breakeigh eight aigh straightei vein et ballet

Phase 2 Phase 3a


they away mail/male weigh display hesitatesaid* again chain vein/vain disarray translationday take ace prey/pray surname exclaimmade way grey stale survey exclamationcame baby sail /sale weight/wait neighbour creationmake gave tail/tale apron raisin hesitateplay may afraid waste/

waistache acquaintanc

esay head* cage claim steak/stake acquaintpain place paint breath ballet availablesame great always railway delayed complaintrain really babies praise phrase disgrace


18

game paper cafe translate entertaineight bake plane/plain convey surveyoreighteen baker relay demonstratio

ndisarray

ate traced sleigh/slay praising indicatepaid snake remain pavement gaugesafe April obey trailer fragrantlate eighty danger remainder crochetage table straight essay betrayalbirthday dismay create dismay croquetyesterday great rain / rein/ mayhem feint/ faintholidays break/brake reign straighten evaporateSunday playground greatest betray operateMonday mistake displayed maintain operationWednesday

later unashamed convey immediate

Thursday Tuesday safety reindeer bouquetSaturday crayons patience portrayal

maintenance

**Stage 5 Lesson 2 -Introduce overlap for ’ea’ as in ‘break’/’tea’; ‘ey’ as in ‘they’ key

Prefixes and suffixesdis display, dismay, displace, disarrayate imitate, demonstrate, hesitateage baggage, manage, average, garage

Stages 5 and 6

‘e’ My friend spread jam on her bread.

e get ai saidea head a many ie friend

Phase 2 Phase 3a


get friend dead heaven leisure edibleyes better health feather dreadful steadfastred eggs ready instead weapons pleasantbed again getting excess energy pheasantwent any seven breath excepted unleadedhelp many spread steady enemy threadnext lend dent already unsettle leisurelylet’s read heavy healthy wealth aestheticend head against weapon breadth centrallybest shed breakfast lead/led entrance deitythen tent chest fetch leopard revvedthem felt spend leather friendship heiferwhen less bend pencil heaviest steadily


19

well eleven friendly slept bellow befriendtell twelve scent sweat pleasant mentorsfell yet bled death unfriendly envioussaid bread dread meant yellow friendliness

left deaf trend depth enviablebelt edit elephant headstrong pleasantlysmell where/

were*letter anyhow befriended

desk there/their* mention centre weatheredfair/fare* weather central energeticbear/bare* whether bury centralisedhair/hare* expect burial deafening

beggar mentioned exceptioncontempt readinessspecial educational

eccentric

* These words may be

investigated under ‘air’ as a separate category. Some children may hear them as ‘er’.Prefixes and suffixes

ex exit excepten enable electro electrocute

Stages 5 and 6

N.B. This phoneme depends on accent. These words can sound like an ‘er’ sound to some children. They can also be taught as ‘e’ - w e re h ai r


‘air’ Clare sat in the chair.

air pairear wearare careere whereeir their

Phase 2 Phase 3a


First 100HFW

Next 200HFW

her where fair /fare rare careless scarcewere bear there stare/stair carefulness aircraftthere there’s where chair fairground thereupontheir air bear/bare mare scare daredevil

air unfair hairdresser scarecrowheard theirs thereby thereaftertheir dairy bareheaded sparinglywere aware barefooted thereaboutsshare fairy staircase silverwarecare repair wearable warehousehair/hare wearing software whereuponsquare careful hardware shareholderchair nowhere anywhere bearerdare everywher

eairway aerodynamic

somewhere wheelchair bewareairport swearaeroplane flairdespair flare

20

Stages 5 and 6‘oo’

He drew a blue shoe on his book.o dooo toou fulloul couldough through

ue glueu-e fluteew flewui fruit

Phase 2 Phase 3a


to good through ruin route taboolook would couldn’t cruel cruise pollutiontoo school should shook recruit foolproofdo soon school flute oozing balloonistcould blue could choose poodle cartoonistlooked looking loose plural movement consumertook shoe poor kangaroo cruelty zoologistsbook pool suit /soot bruise improvement shrewdinto cool flew ooze parachute accruetwo moon balloon smooth mousse ruewho drew shouldn’t tomb moose Zuluyou football today gloomy throughout presumeyour afternoon canoe pollute manoeuvreroom clue prove plural parachutefood truth proof jewel moosezoo ghoul cartoon bruised mousse

childhood goose untrue lampoon~pull~full

broom threw/through

rural jury

shrewdpursuit

~pulled ~pushed neighbourhood

tattoo pursue

~put fluent~push rheumatism

~ depends on accent Stage 5 Lesson 2 - Introduce overlap for ‘u’ as in ‘full’/but’; ‘o’ as in ‘hop’/’to’

Prefixes and suffixeshood childhood, neighbourhood, adulthoodful forgetful, thankful, painful, careful, fully thankfully, cheerfully, joyfully, successfully

21


Stages 5 and 6

‘igh’Mike can fly his kite high in the sky.

igh nighti-e ridey cry

i findie pieei neither

Phase 2

Phase 3a

Phase 3b Phase 4a

Phase 4b Phase 4c

I find wise decide qualify tyrantmy I’ll fine sighed crocodile bicepslike right wild driver deny silenceI’m night child fighter reptile nylonby I’ve blind reply quite pylontime why life replied python collidenight cried whitest spider vampire incitepie inside while multiply direction hygienenine eyes write shine stride acquiresky white died spied height combinecry liked die / dye rely insight ryetie giant island isles/aisles decide parasitehide fly flight quiet silent diagrammatic

find shy guide style cyanidehigh slight strike windpipe bienniallight lie divide survive baptisedfight lying polite magnify awrybike kite knife bicycle hyphenkind July delighted resign assignmentfive fried knight realised countersignmice size sign expired felinenineteen pride idea defy pantomimeFriday crime

directtypeguide

appliedsilent

appetitedesigner

trial occupy paradiseOdd-bods

buy/ bye/by eye /dye

Stage 5 Lesson 2 - Introduce overlap for ‘y’ as in ‘my’/’happy’/’yet’; ‘ie’ as in ‘pie’/’chief’; ‘i’ as in ‘find’/’hit’

Stages 5 and 6


22

‘oy’

The hand points to the toy.

oy toyoi oil

Phase 2

Phase 3a

Phase 3b

Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c

boy boy toilet choice loyalty unemployment boil boil enjoy loyal noisiest moisturisetoy toy noise destroy appointment poisejoy joy point moisture choices hoistingoil oil annoy annoyance ointment tabloidcoin coin spoiled destroyed employer boisteroussoil soil noisy annoying poisonous thyroidjoin join joint avoid oysters disjointboys boys royal ploy appoint tannoytoys toys coy overjoyed foiling paranoid

boiled spoilt enjoyable pinpoint rejoicingboiling pointed cowboy alloy annoyancefoil annoyed voice turmoil asteroidjoys void pointless royalty clairvoyantcoil hoist tortoise sirloin rhomboidspoil moist poison employment trapezoidcowboy joiner disloyal oiliness deltoidtoil boiling convoy invoice disloyaltytomboy employ disappointme

ntandroid flamboyant

toyshop joyful voyage toiled flamboyancerecoil adenoidsandroid destroyeradenoid corduroy

Odd bod exploitationbuoy

Stages 5 and 6

u-eThe pupils sang beautiful tunes.

u-e tuneue tissueew few


23

u menueu Europe

Phase 2

Phase 3a

Phase 3b

Phase 4a

Phase 4b Phase 4c

new rescue unusual barbeque use knew continuing skewercube uniform statue amusementsmenu cuboid accuse musicaltube view student populationcute music volume Europeanfew pupil excuse communicationfuel value future avenueJanuary human popular feudJune argue regular renewJuly stupid obtuse accusationtune beautiful unique review newt nephew refuel vacuumstew continue refuse museum

huge united defusefewest fuelled fuselagedew congratulation

sconstrue

amused cue / queue communeamusing queuing demuremule fuse mutant

Odd bod untrue beauty moleculeTuesday Euro Europe revenue

guru


‘aw’ a ball aw sawau sauce o doll augh taughtough bought

Phase 2 Phase 3a

Phase 3b

Phase 4a Phase 4b

Phase 4c

Paul saw the doll fall.

24

was tall thought pause swallow * instalmentall called smallest washed wander * dauntingsaw ball what* caught daughter trawlerwhat small claws wardrobe naughty oughtdraw water August awful laundry applausecall want also drawer Autumnal applauddoll wanted always taught awkward audiencedog walk pond wasp astronaut jauntlong talk thaw crawl slaughter mauveof because hawk almost pauper faultyon along lawn sausage automati

crestaurant *

jaw award recall shawl dawdleoff watched sauce launch awningdawn bought sprawl coleslaw trawlerwash yawn fault* exhaust cauldronstraw brought spawn flawless installupon Autumn alter overdraw

nenthralled

watch haunt saucer squall assault *football author stalk auction authenticodd Santa Claus haunted caution autobiography

tallest saucepan audible awesomechalk already daub somersault

Oddbod although nautical auspiciousdoes cosmonaut

* depends on accent

Stages 5 and 6

‘u’ u sunou toucho won oo flood

Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b


mum other suddenl double roughest crumbled

My cousin and my brother love the sun.


25

ybut another trust thumb husband compassup brother lunch flood trouble floodlightus mother wonder cousin younger hungriestfun jumped sum young country discoveriesrun under some tough enough troublesomesun coming circus rough suddenly troubledjust pulled above dusty discovery tediousmust month funny touching hundredth forumpush won money blood countries industrypull Monday front glove hungry industrialmuch dust summer brush thunder industriousduck stuff supper number umpire fabulousput luck touch tongue chorus countrysideson love bunch bubble tunnel luxury

jump dozen doesn’t smother luxuriousOdd-bods monkey adult floodgate luxuriouslycome dove buckle onion luxuriatesome hundred hungry untouchable poisonousdone hump sponge hungriest encoredoesn’t cover couple smother tussle

musty dumb flooded custodyyoungest dumbfounde

dcustodian

unnerved custodial


Stages 5 and 6

‘i’William will build a pyramid.

i slit ui buildy mystery e prettyu busy ie sieve

Phase 2

Phase 3a

Phase 3b


big did animals crypt pretty rhythmhim it’s different pyramid symbol orchidhis didn’t build family crystal circuitit wind live insect history physical

26

if think gives Egypt biscuit fissurein things its myth sympathy hyphenis fish it’s mystery system flimsywill still rip him division dolphinthis king chip hymn syllable mysteriouswith which whip quick distance cryptinto wish miss busy homonym pyjamaslittle miss chick builder antonym sievechildren

live chicken history synonym electric

lived six fifteen guilty guildsslip sixteen fifty gymnastics handkerchief

kid comic trimmed guillotinegift minute picture abyssgym willing instead mischief cabin intend public guineacity midnight impress chrysalis

biggest interest cylindricaltallestartist

minuteimmature

mysticalcygnet

dentistfastest Odd bod

acquitimmortal

women

Stage 5 Lesson 2 - Revisit overlap for ‘y’ in ‘pyramid’/’happy’


Stages 5 and 6

‘ar’

ar carear heart


Phase 4a Phase 4b

Phase 4c

target partner paramountparsnip remark tarnishdarkness artistic architectheart marvel cardinalalarm heartfelt popular ~heartbeat regular

~charm

~ depends on accent Phase 2-3b word lists have been included with the Stage 4 words as there is no variation to investigate. (P15)

Stage 5 Lesson 2- Introduce overlap for ‘ar’ – ‘car’/’collar/warm

Mark has a smart car.

27

‘or’or forar warore wore


Phase 4a Phase 4b

Phase 4c

for for war snort orchard swarmor or fork warned toward forewarnmorning morning warm passport absorb carnivorehorse horse forgot organ wardrobe thwart

warm ward corner uniform scornfulshort corn cornflakes foreseen lukewarmhorse short award resort assortment

warn acorn forego torturelord moral export forlornstork reward gorilla whereforemorning report transport ornatehorse warp assorted elaboratecork normal dwarf informationstorm correct reinforce

This phoneme is particularly tricky as there can be so much variation with accent! Select words that are most relevant to the children.N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.

Stages 5 and 6

‘s’The mice like strong cheese.

s sit se mousess miss c cyclesc science ce micest listen ps psalm

Phase 2

Phase 3a

Phase 3b

Phase 4a

Phase 4b Phase 4c

sat miss December place ceiling presenceyes house city these descend presentssun faster glass please announce innocentbest some pencil voice wireless innocencestop said space contest science absencelots these prize castle careless translucentjust sleep pass lesson spotless translucencestill inside loss cycle impress magnificentsee sister square circle groceries magnificencesea mouse Spring cylinder cereal transparentslow first sound scene serial transparencyshow kissed princess circus ascend reminiscesay cheese press seasick success confession

Gordon wore his shorts for sport.

28

snow class sorry seventy scissors obtusesell spin bless sentence niece sentimentalspot less south unless possess expresssick nice twice sixteen force mistletoekiss seven sixty cancel thistle bustlesend mice Saturday icy prance fascinatesing seen Sunday useless whistle centimetremess six horse listen stress cinema

dress acid summit sword servanttoss school office choice bicyclechoose mercy decide symmetry fancysister screen cease glisten isoscelessoft distress selfish recessionstick recent psalm muscleface recipe scenery salvage

psychiccircumferenceceaseless


Stages 5 and 6

‘r’

r rat rr cherrywr write rh rhino

Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4ctree great through recount quarrelgreen three around quarry renovategrow right friends wring horrificroom across carrying reflect irresistibledraw children wrong rhombus reactionrob rhino rhubarb berry terrifichurry wreck rainbow robbery shriekcarrot wrote writing terrible rivalryrock ramp squirrel wren wrestleroad marry carries relative rhinocerospurr narrow wrist wreckage registerrent ribbon wrinkle horrible irrelevant

The rhino saw a rainbow in the

29

lorry barrel rhyme wreath rhapsodymerry race rabbit remind remembrancerope tomorrow correct borrow surroundrib worry wrongly ready rhinestonecarry rubber refund realise respondrice write porridge narrator rumourring rack burrow repeat wrenchrich wrap replay remember roundabout

wrapping written rhythm


Stages 5 and 6

‘l’My uncle has several little pencils.

l lips ll bellal hospital el camelil pencil le handle ol symbol

Phase 2

Phase 3a

Phase 3b


lot plants along laughed tonsil tranquiltell live suddenly world hospital vessellet’s little pulled school vandal bramblewell long floppy placed mental severallike call clothes really syllable rambletall still colour tinsel local lopsidedfly pull yellow normal dismal examplecold girl laugh final cymbal royalball look children bundle symbol singlefell only latch devil ample terminalleg handle ankle angel capital quadrupletell tablecloth rival angle shallow civilkill last lovely topical national crystallove wall bundle couple vocal equilateralill loud smell pedal million quadrilateralload table total crumble optional pollute luck full candle equal alley parallelhill lucky twinkle doodle waffle collisionshell riddle fiddle evil kettle propelled

30

spill lock skull swallow ballet invisibilitylumpless

nibblelicklevel

novelpistolskill

kennelpetroluntil

vocalmisspellcholesterol

crystallineprincipleprobability

apple lolly puzzle fossil illusionlunchbible

unclerectangle

listenpupil

dentallollipop

chlorophyllcivilisation

triangle pencil laughter mathematicaldoublescramble

perilfuel

utensiltangle

physicalphenomenal

trial triple gradual


Stages 5 and 6

‘d’The dog liked to dance with daddy.

d dog dd ladder ed hugged

Phase 2

Phase 3a

Phase 3b


duck lived friends dozenhad didn’t children addressliked down different rainedday called lined puddingduck made dined doorneed would digging gazeddid draw blamed suddenlydaddy birds shudder grilledgood fiddle waved dozebad killed dance zoomeddog farmed danced giddyladder saddle dancer paddockdug asked trained dewadd filled dotted freedadding paddle killed muddyadded desk sadden filed

puddle downstairs

daring

joined planned named31

hummed wedding redderdamp daytime daffodildarkodd

debtmeddle

differentmaddening

middle thudded doubtdiesdying

shuddering

definiteadditional


Stages 5 and 6

‘k’The cat and the kitten saw the duck.

c cat k kidck duck lk folkCh Christmas cc account qu mosquito

Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4ckick liked couldn’t stuck kerb complaincat came coming chemist echo kernelduck make colour packet mechanical unluckycold cried clothes kilogram orchestra cabbagelike talk could kangaroo anchor unluckilycall could kennel ticket atomic kidneycan king trick character electric calculateback called bakery cattle chemical kioskcamp key kettle ache chorus acquirekid school rocket carpet scheme weekendcow kite pocket panic cholera chemistrylick quick Christmas shock accuse constantkill kept kitchen tickle choir chroniccup neck check chord acquire kingdomkiss cargo cabin keepsake accept carriagekit kitten kindness folk package accommodatekeep bank schoolbag stalk common technicalluck quit clock correct yolk accustomcot truck comic kilometre cough occupy

picnic backward shrink account occupationcatch blank quay cheque technologylink walked stalk folklore chroniclesock kidnap chorus townsfolk schemed

32

count quiet Christian choral mosquitokeen quite quietly liquid cliquewink chalk company electrical unique

choir kindlequeue

technologicalaccountant

Accent, accident and carthorse contain ‘tricky’ adjacent consonants. Acquire acquit also may present difficulties for spelling.N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.

Stages 5 and 6

‘ch/tch’ The children walk to the church.

ch churchtch watch

Phase 2 Phase 3a

Phase 3b


much which stitch scratch scorch charitychop children cheer stretch mismatch chopstickswitch pitch patchy notch touch enchantmentchat chill inch butcher watchdog cheesecakechip chimp sketch search switchboard purchasedchick hatch lunch choose teacher creaturecatch hitch kitchen change chimney reproachmatch march torch church chipmunk stretcherrich latch ketchup switch future wretchedditch March beach batch cheetah butterscotchitch fetch chicken blotch chunky researcharch chain teach watchfully picture manufacture

child snatch matchboxes

sandwiches handkerchief

cheek such exchange hatchet structurewitch peach satchel orchard chocolatewatch preach spinach puncture

ostrich championcheque moisturearchery churlishcharcoal statureadventure catchphrase

wristwatch


33

Stages 5 and 6

f fish ff coffee ph dolphin lf calf gh laugh

Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c

if laugh muffin enough laughing afflictionfox laughed raffle nephew tougher unofficialfun friends fold telephone fountain physicalfast different suffer graph officer autographfrom floppy dolphin offend coughed draughtfish first fence tough microphone chauffeurfor faster stiff furniture fifth hemispherefell found final orphan affection troughfish gruff February cough phantom buffaloesfrog full calf photograph sufficient triumphantoff face fight rough sphere laughablefat fool office behalf giraffe affectionatel

ycuff puff film paragraph filter fulfilmentfix fizz bluff metaphor telegraph catastrophefog sniff first phrase flimsy ineffective

Friday forty apostrophe pheasant geographyfew half fault offence suffocategolf graph knife different blasphemephone farmer fountain afford offensivebefore photo alphabet effortless laughterstuff food friendship elephant fahrenheit


‘f’The telephone was beside the fridge.

34

Stages 5 and 6

g gate gg egg gh ghost gu guess

Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4cget grandad green ghetto guest guineaegg girl digging juggle guided cataloguedog got ghost ghoul beggar aggressivegoing good wiggle struggle guard gauntgreen goes guess gather disguise dialoguegot hugged stagger dragged gherkin smugglerbigger gone giggle goodbye guilt leaguebig wagged grey wagging guilty guaranteegun gold gate dagger jogging stragglinggap foggy biggest galore goalpost guerrillagoat game ghostly giggle luggage gorilla

gift garden golden garment intriguegang gang goggles guitar gauntletgive hugged guardian wriggled

‘h/wh’ Who is in the house?

h house wh who

Phase 2

Phase 3a


he head heavyhe’s hope whoeverhad whole hospitalhat happy wholesalehim holiday perhapshis hole whollyhelp hundred hedgewho hunt wholemealher horse historyhave house happen

whom wholehearted

g/gh The ghost is by the gate.

35


Stages 5 and 6

j jam g giantge orange dge bridge

Phase 2 Phase 3a

Phase 3b


jam just giant smudge junction jealouscage jump bridge change generalisatio

nnegligence

jet jumped large charge suggestion jewellerypage magic stage digest generate tragedyjig germ edge grudge knowledge justicejust rage ginger jumper generous beveragejug jar fridge general junior jeopardyjob gem danger fudge sausage judgementjoy joke hedge jockey jackpot energeticallygel junk jelly jacket sludge exaggerationjag jeans gentle magical journey knowledgeabl

eJune ledge vegetable dredge acknowledgeJuly garage jungle digestion emergencyjail lodge damage porridge juvenilejigsaw joyful jetty legend registrationjazz gist energy energised legitimate

m mask mb lamb mn hymn lm calmmm hammer

Phase 2

Phase 3a

Phase 3b Phase 4a

Phase 4b Phase 4c

me made madden common inflammable commenceman make numb thumb calmer psalmam small slammed commit command overwhelmmum magic autumn plumber palm qualmmust may lamb gimmick dilemma almondmiss mouse climb bomb comment columnmuch more calm magnetic stammered mischievousmay hammer mill recommen

dhymn gimmick

most mist mother myth marathon microscopemummy dummy comb simmer mummify immediately

drummer dumb mirror immediate symmetrical

‘m’The man hit his thumb with a hammer.

‘j’The giant stood on the bridge.

36

Mr Mrs

n nut nn dinner kn knee gn gnome pn pneumonia

Phase 2 Phase 3a

Phase 3b

Phase 4a Phase 4b

Phase 4c

in plants grandad narrator negative pneumoniacan went dragon nothing nursery campaignman next animals knight unknown nervousran didn’t friends knuckle knowingly pneumaticnot wind children knitting nation assignfun than different thinner announce noveltyrun nice another gnash connect acknowledg

esun then suddenly gnawed disconnect malignand when under beginning gnarled neithercan’t know one novel neglect innocentgran gone once gnat gnu innocenceend snow again foreign gnawing colognenew under began knowledge sovereign nocturnalbeen night window rain / rein/ reign resign connoisseurneed giant around natural mnemonic connivebegan down morning tennis naturally champagnesoon brown no/ know knot conscience noxiousgreeneveninside

runningsunnyknee

wantedgnomeknocks

sign spannerknife/knives

consciousscience

condensationcondescend

‘sh/s’

sh ship s sugarch chef ce ocean



push shop shower machinery brochurefish sure shake shoulder shrivellingwish share machine chalet scheduleshoe sugar chef shameful shortcomingsshould shine brush chateau moustacheshouted shown mushroom shepherd shockingly

push shallow ocean chauffeurselfish shadow oceanic surefootedshirt parachute shudder schedulecrash tissue shredded champagnesurely issue shining conscience

‘n’ The gnome hurt his knee.

‘sh’/’s’ The chef put the sugar in the bowl.

37

Stages 5 and 6‘t’

Thomas jumped into the private tent.

t tent tt butterbt debt te private

ed jumpedtte cassette

Phase 2 Phase 3a


top plants tomorrow attack laughed temperature

at rabbit narrator television attain pterodactylhat better tonight watched debt settlementcat great pretty attach watt subtlesat looked to/too/two teacher flinched thyme/timeget take bottle batter arctic typicalgot better ticket knocked doubt doubtlesshot different walked written pattern frighteninglots jumped tiny finished remarked contentmen

tcan’t talk thanked towel attire mattressesfast little tired attic waste/waist temptationlast tool tapped motto scatter embankme

ntwent putting forgotten tough fettle attainmentnext tank tied iced route/root bastelet’s time bottom litter smoked salutebest tail stamped tyre/tire tattoo curateit’s barked tear washed private parachutedidn’t rattle settle tripped butt brunettestop getting button tooth doubtful arteriesstill today brushed battle indebted pirouettejust locked kettle tongue sett cassettemust torch matter bitten utter mentor


Stages 5 and 6

39

‘w/wh’ w web wh wheel

Phase 2

Phase 3a

Phase 3b

Phase 4a

Phase 4b Phase 4c

what where work whetherwhen away world weatherwhere wanted wave wardrobewhich which wheel whereaswent walk wand weirdwind water whisper whiffwith wash wasp worsewas white wither wheezewish watch wilder worthone whip wide whimwill window whale wisdomwhy while wicked whimperway wise woman woundwere wild weekend whiskerwing whisk worry wolveswind week wheat wonderfulwell witch whack wastewinter woke Wednesda

ywaists

‘ve’ He put on his gloves and got into the van.

v van ve sleeve

Phase 2 Phase 3a

Phase 3b


have livedlive evenever everyvery glovevet haven’tvan givengives velvetvisit ventgive sleevelove river

aboveN.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.

The whales were in the water.

40

‘z’ The zebra in the zoo is very lazy.

z zip ze sneeze s laser

zz buzzse cheesess scissors

Phase 2

Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a

Phase 4b Phase 4c

his please quiz amaze dazzleis buzz legs blouse drizzleas zoo zebra cozy scissorshas fizz busy zone mazewas zoom choose crazy pleasant

fuzz present desert seizezip please zipper presidentzero lazy dizzy possess

zigzag prison chiselwas zest xylophoneprize fizzy guzzlebuzzer jazz zinc


Separated sounds like fine tame spoke spadehome sale fine strike quitecame hole mine smoke stonemake tale side shake chasetime hope cave shine whitecone mule rope throne smiletake pile drive quake globesame plane rule while stagebone tile hate phone chokemale pole woke scene blazebite kite time those primesafe age tune pride whaletide mime wage froze shapemate cage note chime revereeve lute doze grime introducecomparedictatelemonade

wifecompleteinterfere

alikedespiterecite

dosethronealcove

competelonesomealike

Lesson 5 Lesson 3 Overlap lesson

(The same spelling representing more than one sound.)41

Opportunities for overlap lessons will naturally occur as children are generating words, reading texts, investigating and sorting words. Teachers should plan overlap lessons to reinforce prior knowledge, e.g. when children already know ‘o’ as in ‘hot’, introduce overlap for ‘o’ as in ‘hot’ and ‘go’. When overlap is likely to occur it is important to think of a selection of age-appropriate words to investigate. for example:

‘y’My mummy has a yellow yo-yo.

y yes y flyy mummy y hymn

Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4cyes your eighty company country jeopardymummy July yesterday hymn antonym pseudonymyet yellow type magnify pyramid mysterybaby happy yoke/yolk history beauty tyrannyyap yard every rhyme synonym hypnotismdaddy sly yourself classify quality hydrogenyell easy reply geography sympathy pharmacymy year dirty cycle crypt Olympicyo-yo pigsty apply January allergy ecstasycry butterfly hurry terrify hyphen luxurytry young multiply library luxury awry

family yoga satisfy horrify canyonnoisily pyjamas psychology

‘ture’/’sure’These endings are similar and may easily be confused.

ture mixture sure measure

Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4cadventure agriculture composuretreasure assure enclosurenature culture acupunctur

ecapture closure disclosurepleasure fracture architecturemeasure displeasure caricatureculture furniture fissurepressure ensure temperatur

e

‘ible/able’ ible invisible able workablePhase 2

Phase 3a


comfortable admirable fashionableinvisible admissible reasonablepossible edible audibleresponsible adorable impossiblevegetable incredible drinkablesensible reliable invinciblefable forgettable valuablereliable arguable reversiblehorrible divisible excitablecable workable indestructibleprobable flexible permissibleterrible removable understandab

letable avoidable gulliblearguable invincible abominableable irritable accessibleenjoyable likeable susceptibleacceptable unmistakable availableedible believable illegiblecapable considerable inflammableadvisable credible legibleflexible irresistible knowledgeabl

eagreeable payable changeable

42

unsure gesture leisurecreature erasure miniaturefuture venture immaturedeparture exposure signaturefeature torture moisturefixture insure puncture

‘ary’/’ery’/ ‘ory’ary libraryery braveryory category

Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4cscary burglary factorybattery celery mysterymemory category ordinarysalary legendary necessarypottery compulsory stationerylibrary grocery stationarydiary glossary nurserybakery conservator

yjewellery

primary lavatory temporaryslippery recovery imaginarygallery secretary historylottery respiratory dictionaryivory temporary voluntarybravery satisfactory laboratorynecessary vocabulary temporaryevery surgery discoverydelivery anniversary machineryFebruary query extraordinar

ymystery military sceneryhistory solitary cutlery

victory complimentaryhereditaryconfectioneryinvoluntary

Oddbod cemeterydairy advisory

43

‘ant/’ent’ ant distantent absent

Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4cgiant elephant arrogantabsent excitement consequentinstant brilliant blatantadvent experiment restaurantclient elegant efficientpant compliment currantdistant independen

tcurrent

agent ignorant fluorescentplant apparent dependentdent magnificent dependantevent vacant independen

cerant argument urgentfluent obedient descendantslant abundant subsequentintent accent inelegantinvent adamant succulentrodent insolent immigrantevident sufficient consistentattendant constant extravagantdifferent dominant competentmoment patient equivalentimportant pleasant relevantcement irrelevant reluctantfrequent permanent militantexcellent transplant exuberanttyrantpatient

Presidentdeficient

valiantefficient

scent/sentparent

significantancient

transparentproficient

The words from ant/ent list have been used to form words with ance/ence, where appropriate. Several words: frequency, efficiency, etc. were then included as an alternate ending. Extra words have also been added for investigation. Phase 4a words were kept for differentiation purposes.

44

‘ance/’ence ance distanceence absence

Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4cdistance significance arroganceabsence patience consequenc

einstance brilliance fluorescenc

eexcellence insolence dependenceimportance elegance extravaganc

eevidence ignorance competenceattendance independen

ceequivalence

difference dominance relevancemagnificence

reluctance

obedience exuberanceirrelevancepermanenceabundance

subsequenceinelegancesucculenceconsistence

frequency efficiencyconsistency

deficiencysufficiency

entranceconstancytransparencyproficiencyurgency

confidenceresistanceincidenceconsequencerelianceinnocenceviolenceassistance

hindranceremembranceallegianceeloquenceintelligencevengeancedominanceinterferenceperseverance

‘ious’/ ‘ous’ ious precious ous famous45

Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4ccactus fabulous preciousrhombus furious suspiciousabacus glorious obnoxiouschorus curious ambitiouscircusfungus

infamousgenerous

spaciousindustrious

minus humorous infectiousvirus furiously anxiousenormous serious consciousfamous jealous deliciousapparatus hilarious fictitious

marvellous ambidextrous

cautious graciousnervously anonymoustedious mysteriousnumerous consciousseriously luxuriousridiculous venomousdangerous deviousdeciduousnutritiousfictitiousenvious

outrageousravenousreligioussuperstitiousmaliciousambitious

‘tial/’cial’ facial partialPhase 2

Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c

46

initial residentialfacial influentialessential beneficialcrucial provincialracial preferentialpartial financialartificial officialsocial confidentialspecial confidentiallyspecialist commercialespecially commerciallytorrential potentialsubstantial controversial

47

‘tion’/’cian’/’sion’/’ssion’ tion nation cian musiciansion tension ssion mission

Phase 2

Phase 3a


discussion possession physicianfraction magician distributionextension proportion oppressiontelevision electrician translationfiction explosion ambitionconfusion corrosion exclusionsession promotion infusionnon-fiction profession politicianposition opposition transfusionmission percussion reductiondirection repetition distributionattention election pollutiondictation demonstration contributionnation dictionary suspicionstation punctuation communicatio

nfoundation pollination organisationeducation production aggressionquestion corrosion anticipationrevision contribution occasiontensionerosionopticiandictionmentioninventionactionoptionadditionconsiderationrelationcompetition

Martian decisioncompletionconclusionvacationexplanationseparationopticianexaminationomissioncollisionmotionfashionocean

examinationcrucifixioncomplexionbeauticiancorrosionnegotiationindigestionanticipationprofessionpublicationpossessionpensioncushioncrustacean

48

Suggested words for syllable identification

Children need plenty of opportunity to orally identify the number of syllables in words. One syllable words should be included in any list that is used.

fantastic hospital September computercarpenter important anonymous hopefulpillow throat dinner authoritybelt plenty race gruntastonish defendant passenger December

stand consultant materialise intermediateexperience exterminator bombastic inspectorshock slight exaggerate insomniacincoherent refrigerate bump discontinuemarmalade thunder separation indulgentpluck dark calculator splashadministrator sycamore November incorrect

chaircommunicate ridiculous window

mountain aggressive stump porcupinecommittee person scapula investmentavailable unspeakable appropriate challengeterminology lend vocabulary stealfarmer candidate cabinet fingerprintinconsiderate opportunity bold disappointmenthabitat peppermint underpants capital

glass appreciate friend mathematical believable built solicitor inconsiderate

49

Tricky WordsSome words which contain adjacent vowels or consonants may present difficult because the individual letters unexpectedly represent one sound.

Adjacent consonants Adjacent vowelsaccent ideaaccident poemcarthorse poet

createaudiencescienceobedientheroic

Schwa Vowels The schwa vowel is the weak, unstressed vowel sound in some multisyllabic words. Schwa in English sounds like a very weak unstressed /u/. In words of two or more syllables it is often difficult to hear the vowels in the unstressed syllable, therefore, it can be hard to tell how they are spelt. Particular attention should be drawn to the tricky part of the word.

Examples of words containing schwa vowels

oven chicken Englanddozen cabbage traveller

confront dependent meloncurrant balance cardinalbutton permanent opera

mountain homage inferenceluggage control bachelorelephant animal separate

taken open violetdragon gallon weaponticket item harmonysalad circus

purpose sugar

50

Odd-Bods

Some words do not fit into recognisable phonological patterns because of their historical origins, for example, words adopted from other countries or common usage. When reading, children should work many of these out from context, but for spelling they will need to be learned in isolation.

Phase 2-3a Phase 4cPhase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b

one friend biscuit private sergeant

two laugh laughter catalogue mortgage

are any answer leopard fatigue

the many sew tongue cheque

once eye dye marriage antique

Tuesday bye brooch carriage unique

Wednesday buy blood ballet naive

says flood asthma yacht

shoe chocolate Hugh dinghy

does mayor ache sword

come jungle choir glacier

some lough Csar

done buoy Tsar you

51

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