“Massage to a Higher level” · Aromatherapy is the systematic use of essential oils in holistic...

London School of Massage 2013 All Rights Reserved: Pre Course Study Material – ITEC Aromatherapy 1

London School of Massage

“Massage to a Higher level”

Aromatherapy Diploma Level 3 (QCF) Self Study Guide

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How to use this Self Study Guide

This is a Self Study Guide to be used in conjunction with the 3 ITEC recommended course books:-

AN INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO AROMATHERAPY - Louise Tucker

An Introductory Guide to Anatomy and Physiology - Louise Tucker

An Introductory Guide to Massage - Louise Tucker

IMPORTANT STUDY AIDS AND POINTS TO REMEMBER

1. ENJOY YOURSELF – Do not view learning as a task but as fun. You will learn more this way!

2. Key cards - Use these as a revision method for when you are revising for your exams and learning the topics.

3. Different coloured highlighter pens on notes - Colour helps you to remember things.

4. Mind mapping - Tony Buzan - This is a book worth looking at, focusing on a form of brainstorming technique.

5. Recording information on a tape - Listen to in the car, on the train, tube on the way to work?

6. Networking - Discussion with other students in the group.

7. Research - Internet, library, journals, magazines.

8. Informal tests and quizzes.

9. Revision of notes in 40 mins sessions - lots of breaks keep you fresh.

10. Use memory retentive essential oils such as rosemary and/or peppermint. 11. Use a study timetable. Plan your study time! 12. Continual review of topics will aid memory retentiveness.

DO NOT LEAVE THE STUDY UNTIL THE LAST MINUTE. THE MORE YOU LEARN PRIOR TO THE START OF THE COURSE, THE MORE YOU WILL BENEFIT AND

ENJOY THE FORMAL LECTURES.

IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT YOU COMPLETE THE WHOLE SELF STUDY GUIDE BEFORE YOU ATTEND THE COURSE, INCLUDING ANY QUESTIONS THAT HAVE BEEN SET. This will mean that you will have a basic understanding of some of the topics that will be

covered in the formal lectures.


My Personal Study Timetable

Topic Dates topic to be completed

Quick Revision Date

15 minute session

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15


The History of Aromatherapy

The History and definition of aromatherapy.

Pages 8-10 + The Aromatherapy Consortium definition of Aromatherapy

The history of Aromatherapy is covered on pages 8-10. Once you’ve read the chapter you can the complete the following crossword quiz.

The Aromatherapy Consortium Definition

Aromatherapy is the systematic use of essential oils in holistic treatments to improve physical and emotional well-being. Essential oils, extracted from plants, possess distinctive therapeutic properties, which can be utilised to improve health and prevent disease. These natural plant oils are applied in a variety of ways: Massage (most used method) Baths (add a few drops to warm water) Inhalations (not for asthmatics) Aromatherapy is an especially effective treatment for stress-related problems and a variety of chronic conditions. Essential Oils - An essential oil is an aromatic, volatile substance extracted from a single botanical source by distillation or expression. Essential oils have been utilised in fragrances, flavours and medicines for thousands of years. There are some 400 essential oils extracted from plants all over the world. Some of the popular oils used in aromatherapy today include chamomile, lavender, rosemary and tea tree. Is there any evidence? - Research has shown that when they are applied to the skin or inhaled, essential oils are absorbed into the bloodstream and metabolised in the body, similar to other substances. Many essential oils possess significant anti-microbial properties, in both liquid and vapour form. Clinical trials have shown that tea tree oil is highly effective in treating thrush. Another study has shown that aromatherapy massage with lavender oil was significantly more effective than both plain oil massage and a control group, in reducing heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and pain in patients in a hospital intensive care unit. There are many studies that demonstrate how essential oils can positively affect mood and the sense of well-being. (Wolfsan, A & Hewitt, D (1992) Intensive Aromacare, International Journal of Aromatherapy 4(2) pp.12-13). What happens in a typical aromatherapy session? - The Aromatherapist will ask questions about your medical history, general health and lifestyle. This will help him or her decide which essential oils are most appropriate for you as an individual. The Aromatherapist may wish to contact your GP, with your permission, to inform him or her that you are receiving aromatherapy treatments. After selecting and blending appropriate essential oils, the Aromatherapist will usually apply the oils in combination with massage. A session normally lasts for 60 to 90 minutes, and usually costs between £20 and £40 (cost only a guide. Areas like London price will be higher).


Aromatherapy History Crossword

1 1 2

2 3 4

3 5 4 6 7

5 8 6

7 9 10

8 9

11 10

11

12 12 13 14

15 16

13

17 18 14 15 16

17 19 20

21 22

ACROSS 1. and 5. What were used as protection against the Great Plague? 6 & 8

2. What ancient places of worship burn incense? 7

3. What flower oil is the most prized and expensive in perfumery? 4

4. What is the nationality of Marguerite Maury? 8

5. See 1 across. 5, 8

6. and 13. down What are the first names of Prof. Gattefosse? 4

7. and 4. down What is the literal translation of FRANKINCENSE? 4

8. Greek soldiers took an ointment to war – what is the main ingredient? 5

9. A herb commonly used during the middle ages in Europe? 4

10. See 9. down. 9

11. and 12. The Nile Valley in Egypt was known as the – of - ? 6 & 8

13. What is the term given to the 3 levels of an aroma? 4

14. What was the profession of Marguerite Maury? 10

15. Who was the important Greek that wrote about plant medicine? 11

16. In Medieval Europe herbs were regularly used to ward of what? 4

17. Which oil’s healing properties did Prof. Gattefosse accidentally discover? 8

18. Wounded soldiers of which modern war were treated with aromatic oils? 5

19. What is the name of the 1928 scientific research paper? 13

20. Who is responsible for bringing aromatherapy to Britain? 5


21. Which country has a 4000yr. old publication on Internal Medicine? 5

22. and 16. down The now retired Beauty Therapist who created products using Essential Oils for the specific use of skin care and beauty (premises in Knightsbridge). Who is she? 9 & 6

DOWN 1. What wound did Prof. Gattefosse suffer from? 4

2. The Arab who invented distillation? 8

3. What type of oil is modern science able to produce? 9

4. See 7. across. 7

5. What ancient civilization used aromatics to preserve their dead? 9

6. What is the Traditional Medicine System of India? 9

7. Distillation uses what to produce floral water and essential oil? 5

8. Dr Valnet explored the properties of Essential Oils – who’s work inspired this research? 10

9. and 10. across. Who created Clinical (medical) Aromatherapy? 6

10. An ingredient used in the embalming process? 12

11. An essential what is produced by distillation? 3

12. In which form did Ancient civilizations used Myrrh and Frankincense? 5

13. See 6. across. 7

14. What nationality are Prof. Gattefosse and Dr Valnet? 6

15. What ancient civilization used aromatics in public baths? 6

16. See 22. across. 6

17. Another word for fragrance? 5


Essential Oils - Extraction

Methods of essential oil extraction.

Adulterated and Synthetic oils

The formation of essential oils within the original plant.

Pages 12-18 The above topics are covered on pages 12-18. Once you’ve read the chapter you can the complete the diagrams.

Steam Distillation

Below is a diagram of the main form of Essential Oil production. Distillation is an age old process of obtaining drinking alcohols like scotch whiskey, vodka etc. You need to understand this process and how essential oils and floral waters are obtained.


Steam Distillation

Label the diagram below.

Name 5 Essential Oil that are obtained by the distillation process.

1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ 4. ____________________________________ 5. ____________________________________


Solvent Extraction

Below is a diagram of the second most common form of Essential Oil production. You need to understand this process and how absolutes are obtained.


Solvent Extraction


Name 2 Absolutes that are obtained by the solvent extraction process.

1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________


Methods of Extraction

Below is a diagram showing methods of extraction, resulting in various end products.

Aromatic Material of

Natural Origin

Essential Oils obtained

by

Distillation

The majority of Essential

Oils

Expression

Citrus Oils

Maceration with

Alcohol

Tinctures

Boiling

Decoctions

Infusions

Teas

Aromatic Extracts

obtained by

Solvent Extraction

Concretes

Absolutes

e.g.Rose & Jasmine

Resinoids

e.g.Benzoin

Enfleurage

Pomades

Enfleurage Absolutes

e.g.Jasmine


Essential Oils - Absorption

Understanding different skin types and the importance of patch testing.

How essential oils are absorbed and processed by the body.

Pages 19-29 The above topics are covered on pages 12-18. Once you’ve read the chapter you can then complete the diagrams. You will need to have knowledge of the systems of the body and how they work. You should have covered this in your Anatomy and Physiology course. The systems covered are:- The Olfactory Tract – diagrams included The Skin – diagrams included The Vascular Muscular Skeletal Lymphatic Nervous Endocrine Reproductive Digestive Respiratory Urinary Immune Essential Oils affect every bodily system as well as our emotional and mental well being.


The Olfactory Tract

The Olfactory Tract is the sense of smell, which is very important in Aromatherapy! We will be using our Olfactory for testing, assessing and understanding Essential Oils. It is important that you know how our sense of smell works.


The Olfactory Tract



The Skin Def: The SKIN is the largest organ. It covers the body entirely and is water resistant.

The Skin is made up of 2 layers: 1. Epidermis

2. Dermis

Diagram of the Skin The functions of the skin are:

Functions

1. Secretion Secretes sebum - oil

2. Heat Regulation Cools and warms body

3. Absorption Absorbs drugs or essential oils

4. Protection Protection - acts as a barrier against bacteria and the sun

5. Elimination Elimination of waste products - sweat

6. Sensation Skin has receptors for sensation of touch

7. Vitamin D

production

Chemical reaction from the absorption of sunlight produces vitamin. D

8. Melanin production This is a skin pigment which gives it colour


The Skin Give a definition for SKIN

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Draw LARGE diagram of SKIN indicating as many structures as you can.

Diagram of the Skin

Functions


Essential Oil Storage etc. Carrier Oils

Essential oil storage, purchase, quality and safety

8 Carrier oils and their advantages and disadvantages.

Pages 32-40 Below are the 8 Carrier Oils we will be learning about in class. You will find them on pages 35-37. Make yourself familiar with them.

LIST of Carrier Oils

Grapeseed (Vitis vinifera) Sweet Almond (Prunus amygdalis var. dulcis) Wheatgerm (Triticum vlugare) Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis) Avocado (Persea Americana) Jojoba (bean) (Simmondsia chinensis) Calendula (Calendula officinalis) Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia or ternifolia) Peach Kernel (Prunus persica)


LIST of 29 Essential Oils required for the Course

29 Essential Oils - their Botanical Name, Country of Origin, Method of Extraction, Therapeutic Effects, Safety Precautions and the 2 main Chemical Constituents.

Safe blending and essential oil synergy.

Pages 42-93 + 5 other oil data sheets not covered in the book The main points to familiarise yourself with are:-

Latin Botanical Name as well as their common name

Country of Origin

Method of Extraction

Therapeutic Effects

Safety Precautions

2 Main Chemical Constituents (will go over this in-depth in class) HOW CAN YOU DESCRIBE THE SMELL OF AN ESSENTIAL OIL? Smells can conjure up many thoughts and evoke memories from your past. E.g., Lavender may remind you of your grandmother, lemon from the sweet shop etc. Here are some useful terms to help you describe essential oils, perfumes or any other smell you encounter. This will help when you start to use the essential oils and remember their scent.

Balsamic - Soft like resin – Like Beeswax

Camphoraceous - Fresh & medicinal

Citrus - Like oranges & lemons

Floral – Sweet, soft and flowery

Fruity – Sharp, fruit like

Forest – Like a wood (Not Pine)

Green – Fresh cut grass.

Herbaceous – Herb like

Leather – Musky, sweet

Powdery – Soft like baby powder

Spicy – Pungent, like ginger, cinnamon, cloves

Sweet – Like vanilla, strawberries, peaches. Almost sickly


AROMATHERAPY ~ 29 ESSENTIAL OILS

1. Basil (Ocimum basilicum) – low methyl chavicol)

2. Benzoin (Styrax benzoin)

3. Bergamot (Citrus bergamia – bergapten free)

4. Black pepper (Piper nigrum)

5. Cedarwood (Cedrus atlantica)

6. Chamomile German (Matricaria recutica or chamomilla)

7. Chamomile Roman

(Chamaemelum nobile or anthemis nobilis)

8. Clary Sage (Salvia sclarea)

9. Cypress (Cupressus sempirverens)

10. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus var.

globulus)

11. Frankincense (Boswellia carteri)

12. Geranium (Pelargonium graveleons or odoratissimum)

13. Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

14. Jasmin (Jasminum officinale)

15. Juniper (Juniperus communis)

16. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia or officinalis – true lavender)

17. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)

18. Neroli (Orange blossom – Citrus aurantium var. amara or neroli bigarade)

19. Patchouli (Pogestemon cablin)

20. Petitgrain (Citrus aurantium var. amara)

21. Rose damask (Rosa damascena)

22. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

23. Sandalwood (Santalum album)

24. Sweet Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce)

25. Sweet Marjoram (Origanum majorana)

26. Tea tree or Ti tree (Melaleuca alternifolia)

27. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)

28. Vetivert (Vetiveria zizanoides)

29. Ylang Ylang (Cananga odorata)


Essential Oil Data Sheet Explained

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW BOTANICAL NAME It is important to know the plant origins of the essential oil, particularly its botanical name. The use of the common name may lead to confusion and mislead the Aromatherapist.

e.g. Lavender Lavender is the common name The Latin genus name is ‘lavendula’ The species which defines the exact type of plant that the essential oil is extracted from:- ‘augustifolia’ ‘Lavendula augustifolia’ is True Lavender however it can also be referred as ‘Lavendula officinalis’ It is absolutely necessary to know the particularly species of plant used to make the essential oil to avoid any confusion or getting the wrong product. As in the case of lavender there are many different varieties eg. vera, spica, stoechas, folgate, hidcote, dentata, munstead, lanata, just to name a few!!! On a final note it is also good to know the Family name for the plant, acting as a further guideline to the origins of the oil. In the case of Lavender it belongs to the Labiatae Family

COUNTRY ORIGIN Where the plant originally came from. Plants from the same species can produce essential oils with very different chemical compositions. Research has revealed that this is not fully understood and therefore the only conclusions which maybe drawn upon are the geographic location, climate, soil quality, rainfall etc. as well genetic factors. PARTS OF PLANT USED Important to know which part of the plant is used, as different parts of the plant will produce different amounts of essential oil yield and possibly different chemical compositions.

Essential Oil Data Sheet Explained

EXTRACTION METHOD Useful to know, as solvent extraction leaves residues of the solvent, which may irritate sensitive skin. In addition, factors such as whether the oil was distilled or expressed may effect whether the essential oil is phototoxic. CHEMICAL MAKE UP


This refers to the chemical constituents of the essential oil. Awareness of the types of chemicals that make up the oil will assist in identifying an oil’s properties and help in your choice of essential oil. This will be discussed further in class WHICH CONDITIONS/SYSTEMS BENEFIT FROM ITS USE? These list the conditions that the essential oil has been known to help. However, these are not exclusive. THERAPEUTIC ACTIONS This describes the effects the essential oil will have on the body, be it stimulating, relaxing, calming or uplifting. However, some essential oils may have several different effects and these will be further enhanced by how you blend the essential oils with other oils. CONTRAINDICATIONS (Safety Factors) It is important to know when to use an essential oil and when not to; particularly with regard to pregnancy, epilepsy, and Blood Pressure conditions. OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION - This information is not essential but, handy to know History Anything relevant. Botanical Family The Latin family grouping the plant belongs to. Blends well with A list of other essential oils that blend well, to create a therapeutic synergy. Plant Description A brief description of the plant. Notes Essential oils are often described by their "note". The three categories of classification are top note, middle note and base note, and these terms relate to the rate at which they evaporate - or how long the fragrance will last. By drawing on the different notes of the essential oils i.e. top, middle and base note, this can help to create and enhance a well-balanced blend. Additional Information (If you remember only one thing) Other relevant or interesting information about the oil.


CORIANDER - Coriandrum sativum

History The name is derived from the Latin ‘koros’, meaning ‘bed-bug’. This is because the stinking odour of its fresh leaves apparently resembled the smell of the insect. Coriander is one of the world’s oldest culinary spices. It has been cultivated for over 3000 yrs, it is mentioned in medieval text, by the Greeks, in the Bible and in Sanskrit writings. In Ancient Egypt, it was used to flavour breads and was one of the plants offered to the temple gods. It was thought of as a herb of protection, bringing peace and security to the householders in medieval Europe.

Plant Description Coriander is a hardy annual herb, growing up to 90cms in height. It has delicate bright green leaves and umbels of delicate white flowers (like up side umbrellas) these then form fruit, which darken from green to brown as they dry.

Botanical Family: Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) Country Origin: The Mediterranean, Morrocco, Western Asia Extraction Method: Steam distillation. Parts of plant used: Crushed ripe seeds Odour Profile: Warm spicy, camphoraceous, woody, sweet Note: Top

Blends Well With Bergamot, Clary Sage, Cypress, Frankincense,

Jasmine, Neroli, Petitgrain, Pine,

Sandalwood

Therapeutic Actions: Analgesic Antibacterial Anti-infectious Antispasmodic Aphrodisiac Carminative Digestive Euphoric Laxative Stimulant Stomachic Tonic

Which Conditions/Systems Benefit From Its Use? Muscular – Arthritis, muscular aches and pains Circulatory – Warms and stimulates circulation Digestive – Aids problems with diarrhoea and flatulence, stimulates sluggish digestion IBS, constipation Nervous – Depression, Anxiety, Nervous tension, Stress, Fatigue

Respiratory – Aids colds and influenza General – Assists people with depressed dark moods, helpful for meditation

Main Chemical Components 1. linalol - Alcohol 2. borneol –Alcohol

Main chemical makeup is Alcohol

Contraindications Use in moderation could have a narcotic

effect in large doses.


EUCALYPTUS – Eucalyptus var. globulus

History Eucalyptus is a traditional household remedy in Australia today. Primarily used as a respiratory and muscle aid, but is also a good insect repellent.

Plant Description A beautiful, tall, evergreen tree approx 90m. The young trees have blue-grey oval leaves and as the trees develop the leaves gradually elongate into the narrow leaf we all know.

Botanical Family: Myrtaceae Country Origin: Australian native but, is grown in the Mediterranean countries like Spain and Portugal Extraction Method: Steam distillation

Parts of plant used: Leaves and twigs Odour Profile: Harsh camphoraceous, woody, sweet

Note: Top

Blends Well With Rosemary, lavender,

marjoram, pine, lemon, cypress,

basil, black pepper, ginger,

tea tree, peppermint, lemongrass

Main Chemical Components 1. Cineole - Oxide 2. Pinene, Limonene -Terpene

Main chemical makeup – Oxides

Contraindications Should be used in low dilutions, since it is an irritant to the skin. Epilepsy, high blood pressure.

Therapeutic Actions: Analgesic Antiseptic Antispasmodic Antiviral Depurative Expectorant Haemostatic Stimulant Uplifting

Which Conditions/Systems Benefit From Its Use? Skin – Infections and dull, congested skin, burns, wounds, outbreaks of spots. Skeletal – Eases rheumatism Muscular – Relieves aches and pains. Nervous – Clears the head, cools emotions Respiratory – Effective for all cold and flu symptoms as well as throat infections, catarrh, sinusitis, asthma, infections, coughs (expectorant – clears mucus by encouraging coughs). Urinary – Cystitis

Immune – Stimulates the body’s immunity against infection.


LIME - Citrus aurantifolia

History Introduced to Europe by the Moors, then to America in the 16th century by the Spanish and Portuguese. Used by the English in the British Navy to combat scurvy (ships called ‘lime juicers’ sailors called Limies). Widely used by the food and drink industry, and in toiletries and cosmetics. Plant Description A small evergreen tree, up to 5 metres. It has oval leaves, with small white flowers and green fruit.

Botanical Family: Rutaceae Country Origin: Southern Asia, now cultivated in Mexico, Italy, Florida, the West Indies and Cuba Extraction Method: Expression/Distillation Parts of plant used: Rind and peel of the fruit Odour Profile: Refreshing almost bittersweet, sharp

Note: Top

Blends Well With Bergamot, Geranium, Grapefruit, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Mandarin, Neroli,

Orange, Palmarosa, Petitgrain, Rose,

Rosemary, Rosewood, Vetivert, Ylang Ylang

Main Chemical Components 1. Limonene – Terpene 2. Pinene - Terpene

Main chemical makeup is Terpenes

Contraindications Distilled oil is not phototoxic Expressed oil is phototoxic If in doubt treat as phototoxic

Therapeutic Actions: Astringent Antiseptic Bacterial Digestive Tonic

Which Conditions/Systems Benefit From Its Use? Skin –antiseptic qualities assist in treating ache, oily skin, cuts, bites, spots Nervous –Emotionally uplifting, helps to reduce, anxiety, fatigue and symptoms of depression, lethargy Digestive – Relieves flatulence, colic and painful digestion, helps to regulate appetite Respiratory – Influenza

Immune –Freshing uplifting and cooling

Additional Information Lime makes an excellent, refreshing foot lotion for hot sticky conditions.


NIAOULI - Melaleuca quinquenervia

History The name Melaleuca comes from the Greek ‘melas’, black and ‘leukos’, white that refers to the contrast between the dark green foliage, which appears black against the contrasting paper, thin white bark. Used in pharmaceutical companies in mouth sprays and gargles Plant Description It is an evergreen tree with a flexible trunk and spongy bark that easily peels off. The leaves are fine and needle like; the flowers are yellow and grow in long spikes.

Botanical Family: Myrtaceae Country Origin: Australia, New Caledonia and French Pacific Islands Extraction Method: Steam distillation

Parts of plant used: Leaves and young twigs Odour Profile: Strong, camphoraceous, balsamic, slightly sweet Note: Top

Blends Well With Basil, Eucalyptus, Fennel, Juniper,

Lavender, Lemon, Lime, Orange,

Peppermint, Tea tree, cypress,

palmarosa

Main Chemical Components 1. Cineole -Oxide 2. Terpeneol - Alcohol

Main chemical makeup is Oxide

Contraindications Pregnancy

Therapeutic Actions: Analgesic Antibacterial Antifungal Anti-infectious Antiseptic Cicatrisant Expectorant Immune-Stimulant Vulnerary

Which Conditions/Systems Benefit From Its Use? Skin –ache, burns, wounds, cuts, bites and stings, Muscular – Muscular aches and pains Nervous –Sciatica, Shingles Respiratory –relieves symptoms of colds, influenza, catarrhal, sinusitis, coughs, bronchitis, laryngitis, coughs Urinary – Cystitis and thrush Immune –Use in Fungal infections such as athlete’s foot

General – Helps lethargy

Additional Information Helps build optimism and self-confidence, therefore making it good for depression and anxiety.


PALMAROSA - Cymbopogon martini var. motia

History Used in Ayurvedic medicine for infectious fevers. Often used in perfume industry as a substitute for Rose Plant Description A tall wild grass up to 3 metres high, with long slender stems, fragrant leaves and bluish white to red flowers.

Botanical Family: Poaceae (Gramineae) Country Origin: Native to India and Pakistan, now cultivated in India, Madagascar, India, Brazil and Comoros Islands Extraction Method: Steam Distillation Parts of plant used: Leaves and stalks Odour Profile: Fresh, dry rose like, sweet Note: Top

Blends Well With Bergamot,

Geranium, Jasmine, Lavender, Lime, Neroli, Orange,

Petitgrain, Rosemary,

Rosewood, Rose, Sandalwood, Ylang

Ylang

Main Chemical Components 1. Geraniol -Alcohol 2. Farnesol - Alcohol

Main chemical makeup is Alcohol

Contraindications None known

Therapeutic Actions: Antibacterial Antifungal Anti-infectious Antiseptic Calmative Cardiotonic Cictrisant Stomachi Hydrating Nervine Sedative

Which Conditions/Systems Benefit From Its Use? Skin – dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, dry flaky skin, ache, skin inflammation Nervous –Panic attacks, Palpitations, Headaches Endocrine – Menopausal Digestive – Stimulates poor appetite Immune –Fungal infections General – Water retention, emotionally supportive for people who find it hard to let go, possessive, jealous types.

Additional Information Helps to stabilises the heart and acts as a nerve tonic. Very effective at calming the mind, restlessness and exhaustion


Essential and Carrier Oil Word Search

E B A S I L A E F R A N K I N C E N S E U N I A O U L I O Z X T U B A Q U N N M C S I E V E N I N G P R I M R O S E I I A T O M W D F G B E R M N H C A E P R L L Y V P S A V O C A D O P D N O M L A E Y O F A P A L M A R O S A E H I Y C D M P S P O Y T J U N I P E R M G E T I N O T B B S M R E G T A E H W T S P S L A N U L E S C A T H A S S I L E M A G U M G S A N D A L W O O D A L O T A O R O A R E C Z C R B S K R S W E E T R T A H C A T K O Y R O A E A E R B V Z J L P C A S I P I P O A T R N X P R T S O N E T D S S E N R T T E N G I N G E R R I F A A R T P O E S G K E E P I G J O A A R P M P E P L S E P E L U R L R O S M R U V I R A E T S E P T R Q E O U S E S G I E A O T R M E D G E W M B R S H M U T T T T M R N M U R A R P E A E M I A S I P I O A E H E S I E B A P B N P B R A T U V M N E R U V B N D O P E A C B Y N E F E A C G R G M Y P A N L E R V H E G P D R G H A Y L N R L O R A S S M X A F L E T R A S M P O D J S E E I A E I G M E T A E M Y L A N G Y L A N G R P E N P O N S B O R O S E D A M A S K S O S D T N M N A M A S R I A L U D N E L A C E T B T I E I L E M O N A B O J O J R E D N E V A L L C P D O O W E S O R O S E C A B B A G E Basil Benzoin Bergamot Black Pepper Carrot Seed German Chamomile Roman Chamomile Clary Sage Coriander Cypress Eucalyptus Frankincense Fennel Geranium Ginger Grapefruit Jasmine Juniper Lavender Lemon Lemongrass Lime Mandarin Marjoram Myrrh Neroli Niaouli Orange Palmarosa Patchouli Peppermint Petitgrain Pine Rose Cabbage Rose Damask Rosemary Rosewood Sandalwood Tea Tree Vetivert Ylang Ylang Almond Calendula Evening Primrose Grapeseed Jojoba Kernel Macadamia Peach Sweet Wheatgerm


Essential Oils – other ways of using them

Other ways of using essential oils – baths, compresses, vapourisers, creams, etc.

Pages 95-98 How to Use Essential Oils Air Freshener Add a few drops of essential oil to a spray gun, and spray a room. Baths An excellent way to enjoy a luxuriating rose soak or an invigorating rosemary pick me up. Compress (Hot and Cold) Compresses can be extremely effective both hot and cold when working on a small area of the body. Caution - Do not use on broken skin. Inhalations Eucalyptus steam inhalation - excellent for stuffed and blocked noses. Not suitable for asthmatics. Caution - keep eyes closed when you are inhaling the essential oil, and take care not to scald yourself with the boiling water. Vapourisers Oil Burner – using a candle burner – creates an atmosphere for a dinner party or meditation. Caution - never leave a naked flame unattended and do not allow to burn dry. Aroma Stone - Similar to the Oil burner but electronically heats the oil. Light bulbs – Using a light bulb ring the heat from the light bulb evaporates the essential oils. Caution – Light bulb rings and oils should only be applied when the light bulb is switched off and cool. Radiators - Place 2 drops of essential oils onto a cotton wool ball or a flannel and place it on the radiator. The heat from the radiator will help to evaporate the essential oil. Massage This is the most effective way to use oils and perhaps the most commonly used. The warmth of the hands helps to move the oil around the body and across the skin, however essential oils should not be used neat, therefore a ’carrier’ oil is necessary. Note: we will look further into blending within the course. Creams, lotions and facemasks Many commercial based face products contain a scent and many use essential oils. You can use any unperfumed base products and then mix essential oils with them to make a bespoke product to treat a specific problem or to use as a nice blend. Caution - avoid essential oils that are known to cause skin irritation.


Essential Oils – other ways of using them

Shampoos These are fun things to make up and can be used for different conditions or complaints. You can use Chamomile for fair hair, rosemary for dark hair. You can mix your own blend by using an unperfumed base product . Neat Application It is suggested that the application of neat essential oil is not recommended. However there are two exceptions to this rule:

Tea tree can be used locally on ache and spots to act as an astringent.

Lavender can be used on wounds and burns to promote healing. Floral waters (Hydrolats/Hydrosols) Strictly not an oil but important enough to have an awareness of. Floral Waters or hydrolats/hyrosols are the remaining pure waters of the steam distillation process. They are safe to use neat on the skin and are therefore excellent to use as toners for the skin. They can be used in the bath or even in a spray to use in a room.


The Aromatherapy Treatment

Please familiarise yourself with the following:-

Contraindications to aromatherapy massage.

Possible reactions to an aromatherapy treatment.

Consultation, conduct, consent, client care, referral, legislation and equipment.

Pages 99-108

Please familiarise yourself with this chapter. Aromatherapy contraindications are the same as massage contraindications.

The Holistic approach to aromatherapy.

Stress and its effect on the body – Integral Biology.

Pages 109-114

Please familiarise yourself with this chapter.

Other therapies

Pages 115-118

Please familiarise yourself with other therapies that are available.

The Aromatherapy massage routine

We will go over this thoroughly in class.

Case Studies

Ensure that you include all of these items in your write ups for all your case studies; they are a requirement by ITEC

As part of the Diploma you are required to produce case studies.

1. You must treat 6 clients 6 times each.

2. Each new client should have a Full Consultation using your own form.

The following information is essential and will need to be included

Consultation SHOULD include thorough medical history and general lifestyle.


Client profile (to include any current issues in their life).

Rationale for the choice of carrier oil.

Rationale for the choice of each oil.

Indication of alternative oils that could have been used.

Exact amounts of carrier oil and essential oil blended.

Details of how the therapist conducted the treatment.

Details of how the client felt during and after the treatment.

Details of home care advice given.

Self Reflective Practice – Self refection for EVERY treatment carried out

3. You will need to gain written consent where applicable, from a Doctor if

appropriate.

4. The following SHOULD also be documented for treatments 2 - 4 on the Follow up

Consultation From.

Consultation should be checked and any changes noted

Rationale for the choice of carrier oil

Rationale for the choice of each oil

Indication of alternative oils that could have been used

Exact amounts of carrier oil and essential oil blended

Details of how the therapist conducted the treatment

Details of how the client felt during and after the treatment

Details of home care advice given

5. Overall conclusion of the case should be recorded

6. Write up of 9 other methods where you have used Aroma oils with clients

7. 15 other treatments (in any combination) In order for you to sit your written paper and final Practical examinations you will have to complete ALL 60 CASE STUDIES. Failure to do so will mean you are not eligible to take both the written and practical examination. These are the rules that are provided by ITEC and should therefore be adhered to. All Case Studies need to be handed in ONE FULL WEEK before the designated exam date.


Glossary of Aromatherapy Terms

You will learn a whole new vocabulary when speaking about essential oils, their therapeutic properties, smell and uses. The following is a glossary of terms for you to familiarise yourself with.

Abortifacient/abortive capable of inducing an abortion

Absolute a highly concentrated viscous, semi-solid or sold perfume substance, usually obtained by solvent extraction of plant material.

Adulteration change the purity of an essential oil by various methods of dilution and substitution. Be wary of this when purchasing any essential oil.

Analgesic remedy or agent which deadens pain.

Anaphrodisiac reduces sexual desire.

Anti-acid reduces the effects caused by too much Gastric Acid

Anti-allergic helps prevent allergic conditions.

Antibacterial/bactericidal inhibits and destroys bacteria.

Anti-catarrhal an agent which helps remove excess catarrh from the body.

Antidepressant lifts the mood

Antifungal/fungicidal prevents and inhibits fungal infection.

Anti-inflammatory alleviates inflammation

Antiseptic destroys and prevents the development of microbes.

Antispasmodic prevents and eases spasms or convulsions.

Antiviral a substance which inhibits the growth of a virus.

Aphrodisiac increases or stimulates sexual desire.

Aromatic a substance with a strong aroma or smell.

Astringent causes contraction of organic tissues.

Atoms tiny particles from which everything is made

Balancing creating balance and harmony on an emotional or physical level in the body

Balsam a resinous semi-sold mass or viscous liquid exuded from a plant.

Base Note aromatic material of low volatility, giving an extended persistence of aroma, e.g. Vetiver

Botanical name Each plant has a botanical name and family name in Latin. It is important to be aware of the full name as there may be more than one particular type of plant that the essential oil comes from and it may then have different chemical constituents and hence have a different therapeutic effect.

Calming overall effect of calm

Carminative settles the digestive system, relieves flatulence

Cephalic clears and focuses the mind

Chemical constituents All the different chemical compounds found in the essential oil


Glossary of Aromatherapy Terms cont.

Chemotype the same botanical species occurring in other forms due to different conditions of growth, such as climate, soil, altitude etc.

Cholagogue stimulates the secretion and flow of bile into the duodenum.

Choleretic aids excretion of bile by the lever, so there is a greater flow of bile.

GC/GLC Gas-Liquid Chromatography

a technique for separating volatile samples of mixtures into their components. The sample is vaporised and constituents separate owing to different evaporation rates. The results of the analysis are recorded on a chromatogram made up of a series of peaks, drawn by the pen recording device. Each peak corresponds to a particular constituent. Every essential oil has its own personal chromatogram.

Cicatrisant an agent which promotes healing by the formation of scar tissue.

Cooling cools the area of application, reduces temperature

Compress a lint or substance applied hot or cold to an area of the body, for relief of swelling and pain, or to produce localised pressure.

Concrete a concentrated, waxy, solid or semi-solid material prepared from solvent extraction.

Country of origin some essential oils may come from different countries and hence you may prefer to use an essential oil from a particular country.

Cytophylactic cell regeneration

Decongestant an agent for the relief or reduction of congestion e.g. mucous.

Deodorant removes or masks unpleasant odours smells

Depurative helps combat impurity in the blood and organs; detoxifying.

Detoxifying aids in the lymphatic system in the elimination of lymphatic fluids.

Diuretic aids production of urine.

Emmenagogue induces or assists menstruation.

Enfleurage the method of absorbing essential oils, from fresh flowers into preserved fat over a period of time (now obsolete).

Essential Oil a volatile and aromatic liquid (sometimes semi-solid) which generally constitutes the odorous principles of a plant. It is obtained by a process of expression, distillation or solvent extraction from a single botanical form or species.

Euphoric exaggerates sense of well being.

Expectorant helps promote the removal of mucous from the respiratory system.

Expression a mechanical method using compression and pressure for removing essential oils from the skins of citrus fruits, e.g. lemon.

Febrifuge combats fever.



Galactagogue increases secretion of milk.

Haemostatic stops bleeding.

Hepatic relating to the liver (tones and aids its function).

Hydrolat an aromatic or scented water often the by-product of steam distillation.

Hypertensive raises blood pressure.

Hypotensive lower blood pressure.

Immuno-stimulant stimulates the immune system

Infused Oil prepared by steeping plant material in vegetable oil, often gently heated to release the aromatic properties into the oil. Also called macerated or herbal oil.

Inorganic Compound Non-living (non carbon-based) chemical

Main therapeutic effects these are the effects the essential oils will have on the body. Some essential oils are effective for releasing muscular aches and pains whilst others are useful for respiratory problems. Each essential oil has a different therapeutic effect.

Method of extraction how the essential oil is created

Middle Note aromatic material of intermediate volatility, and lasting power e.g. Black Pepper.

Molecule A group of atoms joined together

Mucolytic dissolving or breaking down mucous.

Nature Identical synthetic oil that contains some organic molecules from cheap essential oils. Be wary of this when purchasing any essential oil.

Nervine strengthening and toning to the nerves and nervous system.

Oestrogenic helps to promote oestrogen production

Organic Compound living

Oxidation when exposed to oxygen (air) they will react with the oxygen and break down.

Phototoxic causes the skin to become sensitive to sunlight and sun beds (UVA/UVB light) which can cause damage, permanent in the extreme.

Pomade a perfume material obtained by the enfleurage process.

Rectification the process of re-distillation applied to essential oils to rid them of certain constituents, e.g. camphor goes through 3 distillations to produce the clear oil.

Refreshing refreshing effect

Regulator an agent that helps balance and regulate the functions of the body.

Relaxant soothing, causing relaxation, relieving strain or tension.

Resinoid a perfumed material from natural resinous matter, such as balsams, gums, resins, by solvent extraction.

Restorative an agent that helps strengthen and revive the body systems.



Rubefacient a substance which causes redness of the skin, possibly irritant.

Safety precautions it is important to have an awareness of contraindications for the use of essential oils. E.g., Some essential oils are not recommended in pregnancy.

Sedative an agent which reduces functional activity; calming.

Solvent Extraction the extraction of aromatic substances from plant material using a solvent e.g. ethanol, creating an absolute.

Steam Distillation a type of distillation in which steam under pressure heats and releases the volatile components from the plant material, e.g. German and Roman Chamomile.

Stimulant has an uplifting effect on the body

Stomachic digestive aid and tonic; improving appetite.

Sudorific an agent which causes sweating.

Synergy combined agents working together harmoniously; producing a different effect to that of each used individually.

Tonic strengthens and enlivens the whole or specific parts of the body.

Top Note aromatic material of high volatility and the first smell to be perceived by the nose, e.g. Lime.

Uplifting helps positive thinking, lifts emotions

Vasoconstrictor an agent which causes narrowing of the blood vessels.

Vasodilator an agent which dilates the blood vessels.

Vermifuge expels intestinal worms.

Viscosity the extent to which a fluid resists flow.

Volatile unstable, evaporates easily in air, as in ‘volatile oil’

Vulnerary an agent which helps heal wounds and sore by external application.

Warming producing a warming effect to an area

To help you on your way to understanding what appears to be quite a daunting list, I have some anagrams – give it a go!!!!


Anagrams of Aromatherapy Terms

TEALBOUS

SLAGANEIC

TARMACIO

PESTIANTIC

NARATIVEMIC

CHICHPEAL

TRIANSCICAT

TRICIDUE

VITAPUREED

TOICYMULC

VINENER

TOPICTOHOX

NOISERID

DASEVITE

MUTANTSIL

YENRGSY

NOICT

LOVETAIL

GERMWIN

PORTEACTEXN

MOPYTEECH

SPECMORS

HOPRICUR

THACTMEASOI

MEATORPYARA

MENEMGOAUGE

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