“Characterization of organic food consumers in two large ... · smoking2 graduate college skilled...
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The Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC):Susanne Petersen1, Morten Arendt Rasmussen2
Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson3
Sjurdur Frodi Olsen1
The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa):Anne Lise Brantsæter4
Margaretha Haugen4
Helle Margrete Meltzer4
1 Centre for Fetal Programming, Copenhagen, Denmark2 Department of Food Science/Quality and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark3 Unit for Nutrition Research, landspitali-University Hospital & Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition,
University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland4 The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway5 National Institute of Consumer Research (SIFO), Oslo, NorwaySupported by the Danish Fund for Organic Agriculture and the Research Council of Norway
“Characterization of organic food consumers in two
large pregnancy cohorts: Socio-demographic and lifestyle correlates of organic food consumption”
Hanne Torjusen4,5 in collaboration with:
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Materials and methods
Data: 60 773 pregnant women in DNBC (1998-2003) and 64 873 in Moba (2002-2008) having answered:
• A general health questionnaire at week 15 (MoBa); or week 12 and 30 (DNBC)
• A Food frequency questionnaire at week 18-22 (MoBa) / mid-
pregnancy (≈ week 25) (DNBC)
• Similar questions regarding socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics
• Identical questions about the consumption of organic food in sixfood groups, used for calculating a Sum Index
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Scoring/Sum Index
Have you eaten organic foods since you became pregnant?
Organic food Rarely/never Sometimes Often Mostly
1. Milk 1 2 3 4
2. Bread 1 2 3 4
3. Eggs 1 2 3 4
4. Vegetables 1 2 3 4
5. Fruit 1 2 3 4
6. Meat 1 2 3 4
Range: 6 - 24
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Use of organic food in DNBC and MoBa
1,9%7,5%38,4%52,2%
1,2334,86524,91133,864MoBa
6,8%37,1%37,1%11,8%
4,15422,566 26,8987,155 DNBC
FrequentSum index
19-24
Moderate
Sum index13-18
Rare
Sum index
7-12
Non
Sum index
1-6
Four groups based on frequency of organic food in the diet
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Analysis
Questions:
1. Is the frequent consumption of organic food during pregnancy associated with similar socio-demographic- and lifestyle characteristics in Denmark and Norway?
2. Are lifestyle characteristics in line with health recommendations?
• Comparison between ’non-users’ and ’frequent users’ within the two cohorts, logistic regression, odds ratio
• Principal Component Analysis
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Results
• Characteristics of frequent users of organic food in both countries:– vegetarian diet; engagement in physical activity; lower BMI;
and higher total energy intake
• Denmark only:– urban living area; higher education; higher age; occasional
smoking
• Norway only:– lower age– students, lower levels of education and unemployed
(unadjusted analysis)
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Distribution of age among frequent users of organic food in Denmark and Norway
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Distribution of social groups among frequent users of
organic food in Denmark and Norway
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Hig
h
Medi
um
Skill
ed
Studen
tU
nskill
edU
nemplo
yed
Norway
Denmark
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Distribution of vegetarian diet among frequent users of
organic food in Denmark and Norway
0
20
40
60
80
100
Eating meat Vegetarian
Norway
Denmark
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Distribution of cigarette smoking among frequent users
of organic food in Denmark and Norway
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Nonsmoker occasional daily
Norway
Denmark
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Distribution of Body Mass Index categories among
frequent users of organic food in Denmark and Norway
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
<18,5 18,5-25 25-30 30-35 >35
Norway
Denmark
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Demographic
Health status
Lifestyle
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
vegetarian
suppl
cohab
alcoholsmoking0
smoking1
smoking2
graduatecollege
skilled
student
unskilled unemployed
age1
age2
age3
age4
age5
age6
bmi1
bmi2bmi3
bmi4bmi5
parity0
parity1
parity2
exercise0
exercise1
exercise2
exercise3
urban3urban2
urban1
urban0
PC
2 (
6.7
3%
)
PC 1 (8.44%)
Org-0
Org-3Org-3
Org-0
DK
NO
Denmark Norway
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Conclusions I
• There is no ’one Scandivavian pattern of organic foodconsumption’ among pregnant women: Nationalitywas the primary source of variation in the joint, multivatiate analysis
– Practices (such as eating organic food) take place within a broader context (e.g. food culture; organic food market; perceptions of trust and responsibility). Important to considerin public communication
– Despite the differences: a trend towards more similaritieswith higher organic consumption
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Conclusions II
• Associations between socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics and consumption of organicfood are complex and may not be reduced to onesingle ’healthy lifestyle’ orientation
– Health behaviour is complex: ’Healthy practices’ in one area are not necessarily accompanied by ’healthy practices’ in other areas
– Organic food is not only about health: there is a broad range of consumer characteristics and types of motivationassociated with the use of organic food
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For more results on dietary correlates of organic consumption, please see
Poster no. II-4
• Similar patterns between Danish and Norwegian frequent users of organic food with regard to diet; a tendency towards healthier
diet with more organic food.