Anual Report of the OIC 1934

7/28/2019 Anual Report of the OIC 1934

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BURIEDHISTORY

PUBLICATIONS OF THEORIENTAL INSTITUTE

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The books in th is ca ta logue a re a l l fo r sa le in Eng landb y th e C a m b r id g e U n i v e rs i t y P re ss e xce p t " T h e T e m p leo f K ing Se thos I , " wh ich i s so ld in Eng land by i t s jo in tp u b l i sh e r, t h e E g yp t E xp lo ra t i o n S o c ie t y , L o n d o n .

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BURIED HISTORYP U B L I C A T I O N S O F

T H E O R I E N T A L I N S T I T U T EOF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

1 9 3 4

T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F C H I C A G O P R E S S

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The prices in this announcement supersede allprevious quotations and are subject

to change without notice.

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TABLE OF CONTENTSP AG E

T H E O R I E N T A L I N S T IT U T E A N D I TS W O R K . 1E x p e d i t i o n s 2

E g y p t 2T h e P r e h i s t o r i c S u r v e y 2T h e S a k k a r a h E x p e d i t i o n 4T h e Coffin Te xts Pro ject 4T h e L u x o r E x p e d i t i o n 6E g y p t i a n P a i n t i n g s 1 1T h e A b y d o s E x p e d i t i o n 1 2

W es t e rn As i a 14T h e M e g i d d o E x p e d i t i o n 1 4T h e A n a t o l i a n E x p e d i t i o n 17T h e S y r i a n E x p e d i t i o n 1 9T h e P e r s ia n E x p e d i t i o n 2 1T h e I r a q E x p e d i t i o n 2 2Researches 24

E g y p t i a n 2 4Cune i fo rm 27A n a t o l i a n ( i n c l u d i n g H i t t i t e ) 3 0S yr i ac and Ar ab i c 32A r c h e o l o g i c a l 3 2

B O O K S A B O U T T H E O R I E N T A L I N S T I T U T E 3 5T H E F I V E O R I E N T A L I N S TI T U T E S E RI ES 3 7

O r i e n t a l I n s t i t u t e C o m m u n i c a t i o n s 3 7O r i e n t a l I n s t i t u t e P u b l i c a t i o n s 3 8An c ien t Record s 39Assy r io log i ca l S tud i es 40S tud i es i n An c i en t O r i en t a l C iv i l i za t i on 40

J O I N T P U B L I C A T IO N S O F T H E E G Y P T E X P L O R A T I O N S O C IE T Y A N D T H EO R I E N T A L I N S T I T U T E 4 1

O R D E R B L A N K 43

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F I G . 1.MAP S H O W I N G T H E L O C A T I O N S O F T H E O R I E N T A L I N S T I T U T E ' S EX P E D I T I O N S I N T H E N E A R E A S T

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THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE AND ITS WORK

THE Oriental Institute is a research laboratory for the investigationof the early hum an career. It seeks especially to trace the trans itionfrom savagery to enlightened life, the emergence of civilized societies, and the oriental background of European and American civilization. To understand human life we must have a full knowledge of theprocesses and stages of the long development by which we have becomewhat we are. To this end the Oriental Institute has set itself the task ofthrowing further light upon a great group of lost civilizations of the NearEast, the region which contributed the fundamentals of culture to theWestern W orld. As shown by the accompanying map (Fig . 1), its expeditions occupy strategic points in both Egypt and Western Asia. In Egyptthey extend from Cairo southward to Luxor, while the Prehistoric Surveyhas studied the Nile Valley from the Mediterranean as far southward asthe Second Cataract. In Asia they reach from Megiddo in Palestine, atthe west end of the Fertile Crescent, northward through Syria to AsiaM inor, eastward to Ninev eh, and southeastward t hrou gh and beyond Mesopotamia to the ancient Persian palaces of Persepolis. The original monuments and documents brought from the field are housed and studied in theOriental Institute 's administrative headquarters building at the Universityof Chicago, where also home research projects are carried on.The results of the Orienta l In stit ute 's far-flung researches are being madeavailable, both to the scientific world and to the general public interestedin the study of humankind, through its five series of publications. Theseare edited by the D irector, Dr. James Hen ry Breasted, wi th Dr. T. GeorgeAllen as associate editor, and are published by the University of ChicagoPress. They are"Oriental Institute Communications" (abbreviated to OIC)Thoroughly illustrated preliminary reports describing for the generalreader the progress and results of Institute activities."Oriental Institute Publications" (abbreviated to OIP^

Scientific presentations of documents and other source materials onwhich may be based further studies by the historian, the archeolo-gist, the philologist, the student of the Bible, and other specialists."Ancient Records"

English translations of historical documents of the ancient Near East,based on the original sources and edited with introductions and explanatory notes for the use of students of history and related fields.1

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2 T H E O R I E N T A L I N S T I T U T E"Assyriological Stu dies" (abbreviated to AS)

Philological researches dealing chiefly with cuneiform grammaticaland lexicographical material and intended primarily for specialistsin Assyriology, philology, and Western Asiatic cultures."Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization'' (abbreviated to SAOC)Monographs dealing with specific phases of the culture of the ancientNear East other than those covered by the "Assyriological Studies."Besides its own five series, the Oriental Institute is participating inanother :"Joint Publications of the Egypt Exploration Society and the OrientalInstitute."In the following pages these publications are grouped by expeditionsand researches. Here will be found a statement not only of the volumeswhich have already been printed but of those which are likely soon toappear. Many fields of science are represented among them. The philolo-gist , the historian, the archeologist , the geologist , the anthropologist ,the student of the Bibleeach w ill find here mu ch grist for his mill. Th esurgeon will discover in The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus (p. 25) theearliest treatise in the history of his calling; and the reproductions of

painting and sculpture, many of them in color, included in the final re-ports (O IP 's) of the expeditions w ill charm th e lover of art. A list of thoseworks which are already in print or in press is placed at the end of thisbooklet .EXPEDITIONS

EGYPTT H E P R E H I S T O R I C S U R V E Y

The traces of prehistoric man in Egypt as found in his earliest cemeteriescarry us back only a few thousand years. But the career of man no doubtbegan hundreds of thousands of years earlier. To forge the link betweenman's earliest appearance in the Nile Valley and his relatively recent pre-historic remains was the task assigned to the Institute's Prehistoric Surveyunder th e directo rship of D r. K. S. Sandford. Th is exped ition ha s studiedthe geology of the valley and has succeeded in dating geologically theappearances of man along the Nile. It has found imbedded in the terraceslaid down over long intervals of time by both the present and the ancientriver flint implements made and used by men of those remote periods.Investigations have been carried on not only within the Nile Valley (Fig.

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B U R I E D H I S T O R Y 32) but across the desert eastward to the Red Sea and far to the west andsouth into the heart of the Sahara.

The Prehistoric Survey has given us a preliminary report (the first titlelisted below) in which the general reader will find a short outline of thegeolog y of Eg yp t and of its contacts w ith the life of early M an as we ll as a

F I G . 2 . G E B E L A B U S I R A T T H E N O R T H E N D O F T H E S E C O N D C A T A R A C T o r T H E N I L E , S T U D I E DB Y T H E P R E H I S T O R I C S U R V E Y .

T he Nubia n sa nds tone ( a t l e f t ) r e s t s on t he m or e a nc i e n t a nd r e s i s t a n t i gne ous r oc ks o f t heCa ta r a c t . Ca m e l s h igh up on the c l i f f a t l e f t g ive t he sc a l e .

vivid account of the expedition's first season in the field. The remainingtitles here listed are intended especially for the geologist and th e arc heolo-gist. Th ey describe section by section th e discoveries made by the exp edit ion in the various parts of Egypt.

First Report of the Prehistoric Survey Expedition. By K. S. Sandfordand W . J. A rkell . x i+ 5 2 pag es, 29 figures, 1 m ap, roya l 8v.o, paper(OIC N o . 3 ). $1-00.Paleolithic Man and the Nile-Faiyum Divide. A Study of the Region

during Pliocene and Pleistocene Times. By K. S. Sandford andW . J. A rkell . x v + 7 7 pages, 25 figures, 11 plates, 1 m ap, 4to, c loth( O I P V o l . X ) . $5.00.

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4 T H E O R I E N T A L I N S T I T U T EPaleolithic Man and the Nile Valley in Nubia and Upper Egypt. AStudy of the Region during Pliocene and Pleistocene Times. ByK. S. Sandford and W . J. A rke ll. x v ii + 9 2 pages, 21 figures, 43 plate s,

1 map, 4to, cloth (OIP Vol . XVII ) . $6.00.Paleolithic Man and the Nile Valley in Upper and Middle Egypt.A Study of the Region during Pliocene and Pleistocene Times. ByK. S. Sandford (OIP Vol. XVIII) . In press.Paleolithic Man in the Cairo District: The Bovier-Lapierre Collections. By K. S. Sandford and Paul Bovier-Lapierre (OIP*). In preparation.Paleolithic Man in the Delta of the Nile and on the Coasts of Egypt.

By K. S. Sandford and W. J. Arkel l (OIP) . In preparat ion.T H E S A K K A R A H E X P E D I T I O N

Paleoli thic man supported himself by the hun t . In the Neolithic periodagriculture and the domestication of animals began to make possible asettled life. The flowering of such a life is revealed in tombs of the Pyramid Age of Egypt, about 3000-2500 B.C. Family and adm inistrative scenesand the various activities of the great landed estatesthe processes ofagriculture and animal husbandry (Fig. 3) and numerous crafts and industries from po ttery-mak ing, metal-w orking, we aving, and leather-workin g to cabinetmaking and shipbuildingall these and many other humanactivities are vividly depicted in painted sculpture on the walls .Since the tombs at Sakkarah in which these revelations of Egypt ianart and life are chiefly to be found still await adequate publication, theOriental Inst i tute has undertaken to record in full detail (partly in color)several of the most notable. Under the directorship of Mr. Prentice Duell,whose work on the Etruscan tomb paintings of I taly is wel l known, atleast five folio volumes of wall scenes may be anticipated. They will probably be entitledPainted Relief Sculptures of Old Kingdom Egyptian Tombs at Sak

karah.THE COFFIN TEXTS PROJECT

The brilliant material civilization of the Old Kingdom was followed bya dark age out of which grew a feudal system of government and a fullerrealization of social responsibility and of the demands of conscience. Thet hough t of moral responsibility beyond the grave becomes especially evident in the texts which were prepared during the Feudal Age (the MiddleKingdom, about 2000 B.C.) to serve the dead in the hereafter. For his con-

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FIG. 3 .STALL-FEEDING OF SEMI-DOMESTICATED ANIMALSANTELOPES AND HYENASALONG WITH CATTLEAntelopes of five varieties are eating from mangers. Relief scene in the tomb of Mereru ka at Sakka rah, E gypt, 27thcentury B .C TO be published in the Sakkarah series.

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6 T H E O R I E N T A L I N S T I T U T Evenience they were written within the coffins themselves and are thereforecalled by modern writers the "Coffin Texts." These are in large part theancestors of the much better known Egyptian Book of the Dead. The va-ried spells comprised within the latter have, however, suffered so greatlyin transmission that they are in many places unintelligible. The CoffinTexts, then, can contribute much to our understanding not only of thefaith of their own time but of the attitudes which were carried forwardinto later religious beliefs. Under the ed itor ship of Dr. Alan H . Ga rdin er,assisted by Dr. Adriaan de Buck, all the available coffins and other docu-ments containing these Middle Kingdom mortuary texts have been care-fully copied and correlated. They will be published in a series of six ormore volumes entitledEgyptian Coffin Texts of the Middle Kingdom.It is hoped t h at the first volum e of hier ogly phic texts w ill be ready in 1934.Besides the several volumes of original texts there will be an introduction,a translation with notes, and a glossary, each in one volume.

T H E L U X O R E X P E D I T I O NAfter the downfall of the Middle Kingdom, Hyksos invaders from West-ern Asia controlled Egypt for a time. With their expulsion soon after1600 B.C. began an era of foreign conquest which led to the most brilliantperiod of Egypt's history, the Empire. Of that Empire, Thebes in UpperEgypt was the resplendent capital. In and about it lay huge temples andelaborate tombs of the rulers and of their great nobles. Though many ofthese have almost completely perished, some temples still tower above theancient plain. Of these the best preserved is the 20th dynasty mortuarytemple of Ramses III in the district on the west bank of the Nile known asMedinet Habu. Here under the directorship of Dr. Harold H. Nelson theOriental Institute has since 1924 been carrying on an epigraphic expeditionthe purpose of which is to rescue the numerous inscriptions and scenes(e.g., Fig. 4) carved on the walls of this huge structure, before nature andthe han d of man hav e further damaged th em . Th is temple is of special im-portance for the historian, since it bears on its walls the earliest knownrepresentations of European peoples and, together with the cuneiformtablets of Asia Minor, reveals in its inscriptions the earliest recordedchap ter in Europe an hist ory . The studen t of religion wil l learn muc h fromthe pictured processions and cult scenes. The representations as a wholeoffer a fertile field for th e arc heolo gist. Th e tem ple walls are being copiedby a process, developed by the Oriental Institute itself, which combinesthe technical advantages of photography with the epigraphic ability of

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F I G . 4.RAMSES III HUNT ING WI LD B ULLSThis masterpiece of Egyptian artistic composition is full of life and vigor. The huge wild cattle charging into the reed swampsby the river are matched in quality by the fine swing of marching men in the lower register. Reduced from OIP Vol. IX, PI. 117.

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8 T H E O R I E N T A L I N S T I T U T Ethe skilled Egyp tolog ist to give the fullest and most exact reproduction ofthe original .

Besides the wall scenes and inscriptions, the very structure of the Med-inet Habu temple is of importance, for in it we have the best survivingexample of a mortuary temple with its appendages as developed under theEmpire. The architectural study of the site was intrusted to Dr. Uvo Hol-scher, who has carried on around the temple such excavations as werenecessary to reveal the plan of the complex as a whole (Fig. 5)- A palaceadjoining the first court of the temple provided important data on notonly the ground plan but the roof of such a structure. House ruins andothe r remains of later periods overlying the tem ple area have thro w n additional light on those times also. Close by the temple of Ramses III lies asmall temple which was begun under Queen Hatshepsut in the 18th dynasty. M oreover, just outside the M edinet Hab u inclosure w as discovered them ortuary temple of the pharaohs Eye and Ha rm hab , successors of T uten kham on. It contained statues of the la tter w hic h had been usurped by Eyeand Harmhab.The following preliminary reports dealing with both aspects of thework at Medinet Habu are for the benefit of the general reader:M edinet Habu, 1924-28. By Ha rold H . Nelson and Uvo Holscher. xv

+50 pages, 35 figures, royal 8vo, paper (OIC No. 5) . $1-00.A general account of the temple of Ramses III and of his palace whichadjoined it, with a description of the expedition's methods of workand of the methods used by the ancient artists who decorated thetemple. Discussion of some features illustrated in Medinet Habu Volume I (OIP Vol. VIII) will be helpful for those who purchase thelat ter .

Medinet Habu Studies, 1928/29. I. The Architectural Survey. ByUvo Holscher. II. The Language of the Historical Texts Commemorating Ramses III. By Joh n A . Wilson, ix + 3 3 pages, 18 figures, 3 plates, royal 8vo, paper (OIC No. 7 ) . $0.75-A record of additional discoveries in the Pharaoh's palace and of itsrestoration by the expedition. Houses of the temple staff, also somelater chapels, are described. Dr. Wilson discusses entertainingly theliterary style of Ramses Ill 's records on the temple walls.

M edine t Ha bu Reports. I. The Epigraphic Survey, 192 8-3 1. ByHarold H. Nelson. II. The Architectural Survey, 1929/30. ByUvo Holscher. vii+69 pages, 42 figures, 4 plates, royal 8vo, paper(OIC No. 10) . $1.00.

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F I G . 5.THE FORTIFIED TEMPLE AREA OF RAMSES III AT MED INET HAB U. RECONSTRUCTION BY DR. HOLSCHERThe whole complex is seen against the background of the western cliffs. In the foreground a canal from the Nile terminates in a mooring basinconnected by a broad quay with the fortified gate in the center. From OIC No. 15, Fig. 2.

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10 T H E O R I E N T A L I N S T I T U T EOutstanding features of the later historical records of Ramses III aspictured in Medinet Habu Volume II (OIP Vol. IX) are here described.Clearance of Coptic houses which surrounded the temple revealed itsoffices and storehouses. To these topics is added an account of asmaller Medinet Habu temple which was founded earlier (duringthe 18th dynasty).

Excavations at Ancient Thebes, 1930/31. By Uvo Holscher . vi i+65pages, 41 figures, 4 plates, royal 8vo, paper (QIC No. 15) . $1.00.Further clearances permit discussion here of the plan of the MedinetHabu complex as a whole, including its fortifications and the quayby w hic h it could be approached from the N ile. Interp retation of theMedinet Habu situation was aided by supplementary work at thenear-by Ramesseum, the mortuary temple of Ramses II. The findingof a hitherto unknown temple, that of the pharaohs Eye and Harm-h a b , is also mentioned.

Work in W estern T heb es, 1931-33 . I. Th e Calendar of Feasts andOfferings at Medinet Habu. By Harold H. Nelson, with a chapterby Siegfried Schott. II. The Excavations. By Uvo Holscher (OICN o . 18). In press.This report deals chiefly with the calendar of Theban festivals theEgypt ian text of which is contained in Medinet Habu Volume III(OIP Vol. XXIII) and with the conclusion of Dr. Holscher 's excavations . These have revealed a second fortified gate a t Med inet H abu ,some royal chapels west of the walled area, and the plans of thetemple complex of Eye and Harmhab to the north.

Th e final records of the M edinet H abu temple walls are being p ublishedin large folio volumes of plates. These include not only the draftsmen'smeticulously exact facsimiles but also excellent photographic views andplates in color reproducing the best preserved and most attractive paintedsculptures. Hence these volumes will appeal to the art-lover as well as tothe Eg yptolog ist , the historian, and the archeologist. Those already published are:

M edin et Ha bu. I. Earlier Historical Records of Ra m ses III. Bythe Epigrap hic Survey (Ha rold H. Nelson, Field Directo r) , xv ii i + 12pages, 2 figures, 54 plates (2 in colors), large folio, cloth (OIP Vol .VIII ) . $24.00.Medinet Habu. II. Later Historical Records of Ramses III. By the

Epigrap hic Survey (Ha rold H . Nelson, Field Director) , x + 2 pages,6 figures, 16 plates (7 in colors), large folio, cloth (OIP Vol . IX) .$30.00.

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B U R I E D H I S T O R Y 11Medinet Habu. III. The Calendar, the "Slaughterhouse," and MinorRecords of Ramses III. By the Epigraphic Survey (Harold H. Nelson, Field D irecto r), xvi + 2 pages, 5 figures, 62 plates (1 in colors),

large folio, cloth (OIP Vol . XXII I ) . $18.00.Several add ition al folio vo lumes of plates are to follow . Th e first of thesewill be:

Medinet Habu. IV. Graffiti. Facsimiles. Edited by Will iam F. Ed-gerton (OIP).The record will be completed by volumes of descriptive text. Among thesewill be:

Historical Records of R am ses III. Th e T exts in Medinet HabuVolumes I and II Translated with Introduction and ExplanatoryNotes . By W illiam F. Edg erton and Joh n A . Wilson (SAOCNo. 12),In press.M edi ne t Hab u Graffiti. Tra nslation s, Tran sliterations, and Com-mentaries. By Will iam F. Edgerton (SAOC).The Architectural Survey is issuing a large folio volume of basic plansand views:Medinet Habu Architectural Survey. I. General Plans and Views.By Uvo Holscher (OIP Vol . XXI ) . $14.00.

This will be followed by smaller folios of descriptive text and detai ls:The Small Temple of Medinet Habu and the Temple of Eye andHarmhab. By Uvo Holscher (OIP).The Temple Area of Ramses III. By Uvo Holscher (OIP).The Later Structures at Medinet Habu. By Uvo Holscher (OIP').A nothe r temple of Ramses III lies w ith in the dom ain of the great templeof Karnak, the largest temple in Egypt, on the east bank of the Nile atThebes. This temple of Ramses III also falls within the scope of theOriental Institute's activities and will be published in the same style asthe Medinet Habu temple complex.

E G Y P T I A N P A I N T I N G SIn the private tombs, especially those at Thebes, or in wall fragments

which have been removed from them, still survive many gaily paintedscenes illustrating the life of the Egyptian aristocracy under the Empire.

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12 T H E O R I E N T A L I N S T I T U T E

F I G . 6 . H U N T I N G S C E N E FROM A TOMB W A L L OF EMPIRE THEBESThe hunter, using a boomerang, stands in a tiny reed boat accompanied by his wife (be-hind hi m ) and his l i t t le daughter (between h is feet). On the bow of the boat is a decoy duck,and above it in the papyrus thicket is a wild cat (ancestor of our domestic cat) holding threecaptured birds. This scene, now in the British Museum, is one of those that have been copiedin color by Mrs. Davies.

Some of the best of these scenes (e.g., Fig. 6), together with a few illus-trating other periods and other types of Egyptian painting, have been ad-mirably copied in color by an excellent artist, Mrs. N. de G. Davies, andwill appear in two folio volumes entitledAncient Egyptian Paintings. Selected and copied by Nina de GarisDavies and edited by Alan H. Gardiner.

T H E A B Y D O S E X P E D I T I O NNot only in Thebes but in Abydos, the holiest of Egyptian cities be-cause there Osiris the gre at god of the dead was reputed to lie buried , h avegreat Egyptian temples been preserved. Among them that of King Seti I

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B U R I E D H I S T O R Y 13

F I G . 7 . A B A S - R E L I E F T Y P I C A L O F T H E D E L I C A T E SC U L P TU R E S I N T H E A B Y D O S T E M P L E O FK I N G S E T I I . T H E P H A R A O H P R ES E N TS A N I M A G E O F M A A T ( " T R U T H " ) T O T H E G O D S .

(about 1300 B.C.) has long been famous for its delicate sculptures (e.g.,Fig. 7)- These painted bas-reliefs, perhaps the best preserved in Egypt,l ikewise await adequate publication. The Oriental Insti tute has joined

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14 T H E O R I E N T A L I N S T I T U T Eforces with the Egypt Exploration Society of London to produce a worthyand definitive record of this temple, which will require at least eight largefolio volumes. No better draftsmanship has ever been available in theservice of archeology than that provided by the expedition's artists, MissCalverley and Miss Broome. The series is being called "Joint Publicationsof the Egypt Exploration Society and the Oriental Institute." The firstvolume is entitled

The Temple of King Sethos I at Abydos. I. The Chapels of Osiris,Isis, and Horus. Copied by Amice M. Calverley, with the assistanceof M yrtle F. Broome, and edited by Alan H. Gardiner, x i+ 4 2 pages,42 plates (8 in colors), large folio, cloth. $35.00.

WESTERN ASIAT H E M E G I D D O E X P E D I T I O N

Ancient Palestine served as a bridge over which passed traders andarmies from Eg ypt on th e one hand and from Baby lonia and A ssyria on theoth er. Th e main high w ay is interrupted near modern Haifa by the CarmelRidge. The pass across this transverse barrier was commanded by the ancient fortified city of Megiddo. So prominent a part did this city play inthe armed conflicts between Eg yp t and W estern Asia tha t th e write r of theApocalypse has made it famous for all time as Armageddon ("the Mountain of Megiddo"), which he envisions as the site of the final battle of theworld. Excavations undertaken by the Oriental Institute at this strategicpoint, under the direction first of Dr. Fisher and then of Mr. Guy, haveshown that a settlement existed there as early as the Chalcolithic periodpreceding the Early Bronze Age. The period of the Hebrew monarchy hasbeen made especially vivid to us. Numerous stables (Fig. 8) found withinthe city walls were almost certainly used for the horses of King Solomon.To safeguard the city's water supply in time of siege a large shaft was sunkin the native rock, and from its foot a 165-foot horizontal tunnel wasdriven through the rock to a spring in a cave on the hill slope. The shaftand tunnel constitute the most extensive engineering project of its age yetfound in Palestine.Th e w ork of the Megidd o Exped ition is recorded in the following bo ok s:

Th e Excavation of Armageddon. By Clarence S. Fisher, x v + 7 8 pages,53 figures, royal 8vo (QIC No. 4) . $1.00.A popular statemen t of the historical and topograph ical backgroundwhich gives importance to the site of Megiddo, with an account of

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waiiwDen

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- R E M A I N S O F S O M E O F T H E S TA B L E S W H I C H P R O B A B L Y H O U S E D K I N G S O L O M O N ' S H O EReduced f rom OIC N o. 9 , F ig . 27

M E G I D D O

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16 T H E O R I E N T A L I N S T I T U T Ethe expedition's methods, of i ts excavation of early tombs on theeast slope, and of the beginnings of its work on the summit of thefortress mound.New Light from Armageddon. Second Provisional Report (1927-29)on the E xcavations at M egiddo in Palestine. By P. L. O. Guy, wi tha chapter on "An Inscribed Scaraboid" by W. E. Staples, ix+68pages, frontispiece, 61 figures, roy al 8vo, pape r (OZCNo. 9)- $1.00.In this second report the general reader will find described some ofthe stables which were presumably used by King Solomon in hishorse-trading w ith Eg yp t. A large house of his t ime is presented inreco nstruc tion. A scaraboid discussed at leng th show s a m inglin g ofEgyptian designs and Asiatic ideas.Notes on the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Pottery of Megiddo.By Ro bert M. Engberg and Geoffrey M . Shipton. x iv + 9 1 pages, 25figures, 1 ch art , roya l 8v o, pape r (SAOCNo. 10). $1.50.This includes a chart of early pottery forms from the east slope ofthe mound and a discussion of the dating of the periods to whichthey belong.

Final publications of the foregoing and of later material are in preparat ion.

F I G . 9.THE CITADEL OF MARASH, O N E OF THE POINTS VISITED IN THE COURSE OF THE O R IEN TAL INSTITUTE'S EXPLORATIONS OF EASTERN ASIA M I N O R .

From OIC No. 8, Fig. 81

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B U R I E D H I S T O R Y 17T H E A N A T O L I A N E X P E D I T I O N

One of the most puzzling problems of ancient oriental civilization concerns Asia Minor or Anatolia. Here grew up the civil ization which wecall "Hitt i te"a civil ization which at one period ranked in importancewith that of Egypt and the Tigris-Euphrates Valley. But Asia Minor isanother, larger bridge, this time between Asia and Europe. The culture ofthe Hittites, then, itself non-indigenous, was overlaid by many otherssomuch so that uncertainty long persisted as to which remains actually represent the Hittites. The Oriental Institute has tried three approaches inits inves tigation of the cultural backg round of the land. Th e field directorof its Anatolian Expedition, Dr. H. H. von der Osten, has in the first placeexplored in numerous field trips the eastern half of Asia Minor (cf. Fig. 9).Of the early sites discovered, that now called Alishar was chosen for intensive study through excavation (Fig. 10). Campaigns carried on therefor six years represent the most thorough and fundamental piece of workyet done in the Hi ttit e cou ntry. In the third place a detailed survey of allarcheological remains in the Alishar region was undertaken.The Insti tute 's activit ies and the advances thereby brought aboutin our knowledge of the Hittites, their successors, and their predecessorseven back to the Stone Age are reported in the following publications.The first four titles are very readable accounts of exploratory tours whichresulted in the discovery of many hitherto unknown ancient towns andstrongholds. The subject matter of the first (OIC No. 2, now out of print)is given more fully in the second (OIP Vol. V). To the fourth (OIC No. 8)are added a discussion of oriental attitudes of mind and a series of notes onGarstang's recent book, The Hittite Empire. Most of the other titles dealwith the Oriental Inst i tute 's extensive excavations at Alishar. The OICsare preliminary accounts for the general reader; the OIP's contain fullerand more detailed data useful for the specialist.Explorations in H ittite Asia M inor. A Preliminary Report. By H. H.von der Osten . vi ii+ 10 4 p ages, 101 figures, 3 m aps, royal 8vo, paper(OIC No. 2). Out of print .Researches in Anatolia. I. Explorations in Central Anatolia, Seasonof 1926. By H. H. von der Osten. xix+167 pages, 242 figures, 24plates , 1 map, 4to, cloth (OIP Vol . V) . $5.00.Explorations in Hittite Asia Minor, 1927-28. By H. H. von der Os

ten. vi i+ 1 5 3 pages, 160 figures, royal 8vo, paper (OIC No. 6) . $1.50.Explorations in Hittite Asia Minor, 1929. By H. H. von der Osten.vii+ 19 6p ag es, 163 figures, 9m aps, royal 8vo, paper (OICNo. 8). $2.00.

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18 T H E ORIENTAL INSTITUTE

F I G . 10. PART OF THE O U T E R D E F E N S E W A L L OF THE E A R L Y H I T T I T E B U I L D I N G L E V E L ATA L I S H A R , B U I L T A B OV E A C O P P E R A G E W A L L .

In the middle distance part of a Hittite mansion is seen; in the background, the citadelmound. From QIC No. 14, Fig. 38.

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B U R I E D H I S T O R Y 19Anatolia through the Ages . Disco veries at the Alishar M ound , 192 7-29 .By Erich F . Schm idt, x + 1 6 5 pages, 213 figures, royal 8 vo, paper(OICNo. 11). $2.00.Discoveries in Anatolia, 1930-31. By H. H. von der Osten, with thecollaboration of R. A. Martin and J. A . Morrison, xi + 14 9 pages,134 figures, royal 8vo, paper (OIC No. 14) . $2.00.

This num ber includes reports on survey and exp loration as w ell as onexcavations both at Alishar and at Gavur-Kalesi.Researches in Anatolia. IIIII. The Alishar Hiiyiik, Season of 1927.By H. H. von der Osten and Erich F. Schmidt.

Part I. xxii+284 pages, 251 figures, 6 colored plates, 22 maps, 4to,cloth (OIP Vol. VI) . $10.00.

Part II. xi+134 pages, colored frontispiece, 106 figures, 4to, cloth(OIP Vol. VII) . $5.00.Re search es in Anatolia. IV-V . The Alishar Hiiyiik, Sea son s of 1928and 1929. By Erich F. Schmidt.

Part I. xx i+ 2 93 pages, 377 figures, 47 plates (7 in colors), 1 map , 4to,cloth (OIP Vol . XIX) . $12.00.Part II . With a chapter by Wilton Marion Krogman [on the cranial

types found in 1927-31]. xvii+148 pages, colored frontispiece, 198figures, 11 plates, 4 tables, 4to, cloth (OIP Vol . XX) . $7.00.Researches in Anatolia. VI. Inscriptions from Alishar. By I. J. Gelb(OIP}. In preparation.

Chiefly cuneiform, but including also Hittite hieroglyphic, Phrygian, Greek, and Turkish.Researches in Anatolia. VII-IX. The Alishar Hiiyiik, Seasons of1930-32. [Final repo rt.] By H . H. von der Osten. 3 vols. (OIP}. In

preparation.Researches in Anatolia. X. Survey of the Alishar Square. By H. H.von der Osten and others (OIP}. In preparation.The region around Alishar has been carefully surveyed and mapped,place-names and sites m ark ed on earlier maps h av e been identified andcorrelated, and all remains of antiquity have been noted. Inscript ions, ethnography, and other special features are treated in detail.

T H E S Y R I A N E X P E D I T I O NAt the northeast corner of the Mediterranean the Hittite culture ofAsia Minor and the Semitic cultures of Syria, Palestine, and the Tigris-

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B U R I E D H I S T O R Y 21Euph rates region met. Num erous small states formed in N or th Syria showthe resulting mixture. Hence this area can furnish the historian w ith ligh tupon all the various elements concerned. The Oriental Institute has therefore begun excavations at Chatal Hiiyiik, which may prove to be the capi^tal of ancient Hattina, one of the small states above mentioned, the very

F I G . 1 2 . A P A I N T E D P O T T E R Y V A S E F R O M A N E O L I T H I C V I L L A G E N E A R P E R SE P O L IS . S I D E A N DB O T T O M V I E W S .

name of which shows its connection with the Hitti tes. Publication ofresults will follow in due course.T H E P E R S I A N E X P E D I T I O N

Influences from the region which is now Persia intimately affected thelowland civilization of the Tigris-Euphrates Valley and also left theirm ark upon other highla nd cultures far to the nor thw est. Th oug h thePersian Empire of Darius and Xerxes is the most outstanding for the magnificence of its remains, our knowledge of that country has recently beenpushed back into the Stone Age . Th e Orien tal Institute is being perm ittedby the Persian government to excavate the brilliant Empire residence cityof Persepolis. Finds already made ther e under the direc torship of Dr. Herz-feld have nearly doubled the quantity of Old Persian sculptures known tous. The newly discovered sculptures (e.g., Fig. 11) are wrought with unparalleled beauty and refinement of detail and are in large part as freshand uninjured as on the day when the artist left them. New inscriptionstoo are enlarging our historical background, and the architectural plan ofthe residence city is being more clearly revealed.

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22 T H E O R I E N T A L I N S T I T U T EWithin a mile or so of Persepolis an unusually well preserved Neolithicvillage has been found. Its painted pottery (Fig. 12) surpasses in both ageand beauty all previous discoveries of the sort. O ther cultures belongingto the periods between the Stone Age and the Empire will no doubt berevealed at other points within the Institute's concession, especially at

FI G . 13.A KHORSABAD CITY GAT E WH ICH WAS NEV ER USEDInstead of being provided with doors, this gate was left unfinished and was blocked withrubble. The cobble-paved street leads toward us to the city. From OIC No. 16, Fig. 54.

the royal city site now called Istakhr, of which Persepolis was the palacesuburb.The Persian Expedition has published an important new inscription revealing an irregularity in the royal succession from Darius to Xerxes:A New Inscription of Xerxes from Persepolis. By Ernst Herzfeld.

vii i+14 pages, 5 figures, royal 8vo, paper QSAOC No. 5) . $0.50.A preliminary report (OIC) on the discoveries is in preparation. The remarkable sculptures should ultimately fill several large folios (OIP's).

T H E I R A Q E X P E D I T I O NThe Tigris-Euphrates Valley, forming the eastern segment of the FertileCrescent, was a prize for which successive waves of highlanders from thenorth and nomads from the south contended. The two nations of this region whose vicissitudes are best known to history are Babylonia and As

syria. In Assyria the Oriental Insti tu te is w ork ing at Khorsabad (F ig. 13),the transitory capital founded by King Sargpn II and abandoned by hissuccessors. In Babylonian territory the Institute is investigating a group

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B U R I E D H I S T O R Y 23of sites northeast of Baghdad which testify to the early contacts betweenmou ntaineers and plainsmen. A t Tell Asmar indeed, wh ere the In sti tute 'sgeneral headquarters building for Iraq is located and the field director forIraq, Dr. Frankfort, is personally in charge, have been found imports (Fig.14) traceable to the recently discovered civilization of the Indus Valley.

F I G . 1 4. A C Y L I N D E R S EA L I M P O R T E D I N T O T H E T I G R I S - E U P H R A T E S R E G I O N P R O M I N D I A( A B O V E ) , D IS C O V E R E D B Y D R . F R A N K F O R T I N A D A T E D S T R A T U M A T T E L L A S M A R , C O M P A R E D W I T HS T A M P S EA L S ( B E L O W ) F O U N D A T M O H E N J O D A R O I N T H E I N D U S V A L L E Y . F R O M OIC N O . 1 6,FIGS. 3 2 - 3 3 .

Past and prospective pub lications de aling w it h th e w or k in Iraq are listedbelo w. Th e first three are of special interest to th e general reader; the othersare more detailed discussions of specific parts of the expedition's work.Tell Asmar and Khafaje. The First Season's Work in Eshnunna,1930/31 . By Henri Frankfort , Th orkild Jacobsen, and Conrad Preus-ser. ix + 1 1 2 p ages, frontispiece, 54 figures, royal 8 vo, paper (OIC No.

13). $1.50.Tell Asmar, Khafaje, and Khorsabad. Second Preliminary Report ofthe Iraq Expedition. By Henri Frankfort, ix-f-102 pages, frontispiece, 66 figures, royal 8vo, paper (OIC No. 16) . $1.25.Iraq Excavations of the Oriental Institute, 193 2/3 3. Third Prelim inary Report of the Iraq Expedition. By Henri Frankfort (OIC N o .17). In press. $1.50.I. Plano-co nvex Bricks and the M eth od s of Their Em ployment. II.

The Treatment of Clay Tablets in the Field. By P. Delougaz.xi+57 pages, 40 figures, royal 8vo, paper (SAOC No. 7 ) . $1.00.See description on page 35-

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24 T H E O R I E N T A L I N S T I T U T EPhilological Notes on Eshnunna and Its Inscriptions. By Thorki ldJacobsen (AT N o. 6) . In press. $1.00.The Gimilsin Temple and the Palace of the Rulers of Eshnunna.By Henri Frankfort , Seton Lloyd, and Thorkild Jacobsen (OIP^). In

preparat ion.Khorsabad Excavations, 1930-33. By Henri Frankfort and GordonLoud (01P). In prepara tion.Sennacherib's Aqueduct at Jerwan. By Thorkild Jacobsen and SetonLloyd (OIP Vol. XXIV). In press.

RESEARCHESAbandoned Egyptian mines in the peninsula of Sinai have furnishedseveral inscriptions in a hi th er to unk no w n script. These hav e been studiedby various scholars, both Semitists and Egyptologists. With full utilization of their results Dr. Martin Sprengling has succeeded in finding for theproblem offered by this script a solution simpler and fuller than anyreached before. His conclusion is th at t his script is to be dated in the reignof Amenemhet III of Egypt (1849-1801 B.C.) and that its characters form

the earliest alphabet, out of which grew other Semitic alphabets, theGreek and Rom an alphabets, and our own. Dr. Sprengling's w ork isentitledTh e Alphabet: Its R ise and Dev elopm ent from the Sinai Inscriptions.x i + 7 1 pages, 5 figures, 3 maps, facsimiles of 16 inscrip tions, 1 table,royal 8vo, paper (QIC No. 12) . $1.00.

EGYPTIANLong before the Oriental Institute was organized, Dr. Breasted had hadin mind problems in the solving of w hic h it wa s later to par ticipa te. H istorians had been hampered by the lack of dependable translations of original ancient oriental documents. To meet this need, all available historicalrecords of Egypt down to the time of the Persian conquest in 525 B.C werecarefully studied and translated by Dr. Breasted, w h o utilized th e originalswhenever possible as well as all copies made by other scholars. His comprehensive undertaking, which required many years of effort, resulted ina series of five volumes calledAncient Records of Egypt. I-V. Historical Documents. By JamesHe nry Breasted, cx lv+ 1,7 74 pages, 15 figures, roya l 8vo, clo th. Soldonly in sets. $22.00.

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B U R I E D H I S T O R Y 25

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Anual Report of the OIC 1934

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Transcript of Anual Report of the OIC 1934