ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS
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Transcript of ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS
ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTSLECTURE 9
PATHOLOGYPHARMACOLOGY
Neoplasia
• New growth• Abnormal mass of tissue the growth of which
exceeds and is uncoordinated in comparison to that of the normal tissue and continues even in the absence of the stimulus that initiated the growth of the tissue in this manner.
• Clinically divided into benign and malignant types
Malignant Neoplasia
• Innocent• Localized• Small, demarcated, well
differentiated• Surgical removal• Can progress to
malignancy• Nomenclature:suffix –oma• Examples: Fibroma,
lipoma, osteoma, meningioma, papilloma (glands), hepatoma, etc
Benign Neoplasia
• Common terms-cancer or crab-due to their strong adherence properties
• Can affect neighboring and far away tissues (metastasis)
• Large, poor demarcation, faster growth, invasive
• Drug treatment plus surgery• No specific nomenclature: • Suffix –sarcoma/ carcinoma for
mesenchymal tissue like fibrosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, HCC, etc• Leukemia, lymphoma, etc
Clinical Characteristics- To decide the candidature of cancer chemotherapy
1. Differentiation and Anaplasia - Benign tumors are well differentiated to perform the normal functions of the tissue. Malignancies are anaplastic (anaplasia-dedifferentiated) and pleomorphic. (Not to be confused with dysplasia – abnormal but non-malignant malfunctioning)
2. Rate of growth
Low risk: Low grade, well differentiated tumour, Gleason score 2–6
Intermediate risk: Intermediate grade, moderately differentiated, Gleason score 7
High risk: High grade, poorly differentiated, Gleason score 8–10
3-10
3. Local invasion (staging)
2-4
4. Metastasis
ETIOLOGY
• Geographical – sun, UV, oxygen deficiency• Environmental – asbestos, benzene, phenol• Age – breast, prostrate• Hereditary – protooncogenes, tumour
suppressor genes, DNA repair• Acquired – hyperplastic, dysplastic, gastritis
induced, leukoplakia (betel leaf)
CELL CYCLE AND CANCER
Apoptosis
Oncogenes
Tumor Suppressor
Inv. and Mets
Angiogenesis
Cell cycle
CURRENT TARGETS
12
MOLECULAR BASIS OF CANCER
POSSIBLE CHECKPOINTS FOR RETARDING CANCER
GROWTH
PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS
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