Antibiotics Ch 37. Definition Medications to treat bacterial infections Ideally, culture of suspect...
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Transcript of Antibiotics Ch 37. Definition Medications to treat bacterial infections Ideally, culture of suspect...
![Page 1: Antibiotics Ch 37. Definition Medications to treat bacterial infections Ideally, culture of suspect area should be done BEFORE starting antibiotic.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dbe5503460f94ab2034/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Antibiotics
Ch 37
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Definition
Medications to treat bacterial infections
Ideally, culture of suspect area should be done BEFORE starting antibiotic
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Classifications
Sulfonamides Penicillins Cephalosporins Tetracyclines Macrolides Aminoglycosides Quinolones
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Uses
Treatment of exisiting infection Prevention of infection
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Responses
Therapeutic – decrease in s/s of infection Subtherapeutic – s/s of infection do not
improve Superinfection Antibiotic resistance Allergic reactions
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Actions
Bactericidal = kill bacteria Bacteriostatic – slow or interfere with growth
of bacteria
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Sulfonamides
Bacteriostatic Treat: utis Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) URIs Otitis media Often in combinatiion
Bactrim, Septra, Pediazole, Gantrisin
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Sulfonamide Side Effects
Anemia, thrombocytopenia Photosensitivity
Avoid tanning beds Avoid sunlight
N-V-D uriticaria
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Penicillins
Natural Penicilllin G Penicillin V
Aminopenicillins Amoxicillin Ampicillin
Penicillinase-resistant Oxacillin Nafcillin
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PCN Adverse Effects
Allergy Rash, swelling, itching
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Cephalosporins
Semisynthetic Related to penicillin Bactericidal 4 generations
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Cephalosporin Uses
Surgical prophylaxis URIs Otitis media
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Cephalosporin Examples
Ancef Kefzol Mefoxin Ceftin Rocephin – also used to tx meningitis
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Cephalosporin Side Effects
Similar to PCN
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Macrolides
Erythromycin Zithromax Biaxin
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Macrolide Uses
Strep infections Mild-to-moderate URIs Lyme disease STDs
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Macrolide Side Effects
GI N-V-D Hepatotoxicity Flatulence anorexia
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Tetracyclines
Tetracycline Vibramycin Minocycline
Bacteriostatic action
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Tetracycline Uses
Syphilis Lyme disease Pleural & pericardial effusions
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Tetracyclines
Effectiveness reduced by Dairy products Antacids Iron
Will discolor teeth May slow fetal skeletal development
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Tetracycline Side Effects
N-V-D Superinfection Pseudomembranous colitis
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Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Streptomycin amikin
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Aminoglycosides
Poor oral absorption No oral forms, only IV TOXICITY cautions
Nephro oto
Bactericidal action
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Aminoglycosides
Pseudomonas E.coli Klebsiella
Often used along with other antibiotics
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Quinolones
Cipro Floxin Levaquin Tequin
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Quinolones
Excellent oral absorption Antacids interfere with absorption
bactericidal
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Quinolones
Lower respiratory tract infections Bone & joint infections Infectious diarrhea UTIs Skin infections STDs Anthrax
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Quinolone Side Effects
HA N-V-D Allergic reaction
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Others
Vancomycin Tx of MRSA Must monitor blood levels Caution: oto & nephro-toxic
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Nursing
Instruct pt to take meds for full length of time – do not stop when feeling better
Assess for s/s of superinfection All oral antibiotics are better absorbed if
taken with a minimum of 6 – 8 ounces of water