Antibacterial s

8/11/2019 Antibacterial s

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Kill bacteria primarily by inhibiting protein

synthesis Uses: gram negative microorganisms

UTI, meningitis, wound infections, septicemia Amikacin Gentamicin eomycin

!treptomycin Kanamycin


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"toto#icity ephroto#icity


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$otent broad%spectrum antibiotics resistant

to beta%lactamase en&ymes secreted bybacteria

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis


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Imipenem%'ilastatin% an inhibitor of therenal dipeptidase en&yme dehydropeptidaseI(

'ilastatin% no antimicrobial property butprevents the inactivation of imipenem(

Indications: )ower respiratory tract Infection

!evere infections

*oripenem +rtapenem eropenenem


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!evere diarrhea 'onfusion, di&&iness, sei&ure $hlebitis


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Acts by inhibiting the bacterial en&yme thatis necessary for cell wall synthesis(


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!emisynthetic derivatives !tructurally and pharmacologically

related

to penicillins -actericidal action -road spectrum *ivided into groups according to their

antimicrobial activity


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.irst generation !econd generationThird generation

.ourth generation .ifth generation /not yet marketed0


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Good gram%positive coverage !treptococci, staphylococci

$oor gram%negative coverage +( coli, !almonella

$arenteral and $" forms +#amples

cefadro#il

cephradine

cefa&olin

cephale#in


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Used for surgical prophyla#is, and forsusceptible staphylococcal infections cefa&olin /Ancef and Kef&ol0: I1 or I

cephale#in /Ke2e#0: $"


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Good gram%positive coverage -etter gram%negative coverage than

3rst generation +#amples: cefaclor

cefpro&il

cefo#itin

cefuro#ime loracarbef

cefotetan


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cefo#itin /efo#in0: I1 and I

Used prophylactically for abdominal orcolorectal surgeries

Also kills anaerobes cefuro#ime

4inacef is parenteral form5 'eftin is $"

!urgical prophyla#is

*oes not kill anaerobes


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ost potent group against gram%negative bacteria)ess active against gram%positive bacteria+#amples

ceftibuten

cefota#imecefta&idime

cefdinir

cefti&o#ime

ceftria#one

cefta&idime


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ceftria#one /6ocephin0

I1 and I, long half%life, once%a%day dosing

+limination is primarily hepatic +asily passes meninges and di7used into '!.

to treat '! infections


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cefta&idime /'epta&0

I1 and I forms

+#cellent gram%negative coverage

Used for di8cult%to%treat organisms such asPseudomonasspp(

+liminated by renal instead of biliary route

+#cellent spectrum of coverage

6esistance is limiting usefulness


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-roader spectrum of antibacterialactivity than third generation, especiallyagainst gram%positive bacteria

Uncomplicated and complicated UTI

cefepime /a#ipime0


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'eftobipriole /not available0 -roader spectrum of antibacterial

activity +7ective against a wide variety of

organisms 6!A

Pseudomonasspp(


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!imilar to penicillins ild diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rash, pruritus,

redness, edema

$otential cross%sensitivity with penicillins if

allergies e#ist


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*iarrhea !econdary infections 9epatoto#icity

ephroto#icity 9ypoprothrombinemia +lectrolyte imbalanceThrombophlebitis


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demeclocycline /*eclomycin0 o#ytetracycline tetracycline

do#ycycline /*ory#, 1ibramycin0 minocycline tigecycline /Tygacil0


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atural and semisynthetic "btained from cultures of Streptomyces -acteriostaticinhibit bacterial growth

Inhibit protein synthesis !top many essential functions of the

bacteria


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-ind /chelate0 to 'a;


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@ide spectrum Gram%negative and gram%positive organisms,

proto&oa, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, Chlamydia,syphilis, )yme disease, acne, others

*emeclocycline is also used to treat !IA*9by inhibiting the action of A*9


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!trong a8nity for calcium

*iscoloration of permanent teeth and toothenamel in fetuses and children, or nursing

infants if taken by the mother ay retard fetal skeletal development if taken

during pregnancy


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Alteration in intestinal 2ora may result in: !uperinfection /overgrowth of nonsusceptible

organisms such as Candida0 *iarrhea

$seudomembranous colitis


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ay also cause: 1aginal candidiasis

Gastric upset

+nterocolitis

aculopapular rash

"ther e7ects

Antibacterial s

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