Anti-Semitism and Anti-Masonry
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Transcript of Anti-Semitism and Anti-Masonry
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Doctors, Medical Professors and Students in Belgium during WWII: the connection of anti-Semitism
and anti-Masonry versus the Resistance
dr. Yves Louis (pediatrician – Secretary-General of the Belgian Association of Medical Trade Unions BVAS)
Marc Verschooris (lecturer Hogeschool Gent)
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Anti-Semitism and Anti-Masonry
• Between two WW and even before• Belgiumstrong influence on extreme right wing movementsanti-Dreyfusards + French Pétainistes
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Eugenism - Racism
• Well spread even in scientific surroundingsfirst insidious then in a more aggressive way
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Doctors
• France: triumvirateCéline (docteur Destouches)Alexis CarrelGeorge Montandon (eugenist)
Brussels 1938, May 3rd
• Belgium: doctors (right wing) + strong conservative and catholic attitude
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Doctors - Belgium
• University of Ghent: professors – doctors in collaborationExclusion of Prof. Handovksy: involvement of Heymans (Nobel Prize) & Daels
• Rex Movement: Ouwerxonly target: attack Jews and FreemasonsJewish-Masonic ConspiracyWartime Order of Medicine
Germans prefer Frans Van Hoof (anti-
Semite)
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Anti in several ways
• Anti-Masonry• Anti-Semitism• Anti-Communism• Anti-Socialism• Anti-Psychanalysissupposed to be Jewish so can also harm the family
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Ouwerx
• Anti-Freemasonry led by Ouwerx → Epuration – Bezem
• Cagoulards (Hiding Hood) → list of presumed Freemasons (1939)will be published in La Libre Belgique and Le Pays Réel
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Ouwerx
• 1940: another booklet(Précurseurs = preceding)
• Already before WWII he had published Trois Impostures: the Imianitoff Affairthe Freemasonry andthe Influence of Communism in Medicine
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The Jewish-Masonic conspiracy in WWII
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Doctor Imianitoff
Frédéric Imianitoff
→ Jewish + Freemason origin→ Bachelor in Medicine (England)→ Founder of preventive medicine → Secretary General of Belgian Preventive Medicine and Eugenism→ with Rene Sand considered as founder of Social Medicine
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René Sand
• Sand 1877-1953• 1900: doctor (ULB)• 1919: involved in
development of social medicine
• 1936: Secretary-General of Public Health
• Imianitoff & Sand chased as Freemasons
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The Imianitoff Scandal
• In 1937 scandal will burst outPaul de Mont (Rex)Edmond van Dieren (VNV)
• 1938-1939 more opponents e.g. Daels (Ghent)
• 1939: 6 months prison for falsifying not for practising medicine
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Result of Imianitoff Affair
• All the hate is gathered in the Affair, all contradictions, all antagonisms of that moment
• Prof. Jacques De Busscher (Psychiatry, Ghent) and Freemason (Septentrion)
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The Ambivalence
• Preventive Medecine• The Eugenism• The Corporatism
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Preventive Medicine
• The Preventive Medicine of Imianitoff & Sandconsidered als Communist and Collectivisteven Jewish-Communist Conspiracy
• Nazi-Germany + France of Pétain inspire Alexis Carrel to introduce an hygienistic and preventive medicinewill led to extermination
• Note: preventive medicine is always depending on political regime
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Eugenism
• Positive eugenism = preventive medicine
• Negative eugenism = sterilisation, euthanasia…
The Nazi-eugenism was ready to kill → T4
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Corporatism
• The Corporatism introduced by Ouwerx was a fascist Order and the opposite of↕
• Democratic Doctor’s Syndicates
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The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
• Ouwerx refers to the Protocols but also to the Bern Trial (1935) where Nazi’s try to prove the authenticityIn 1935, Russia is not a great help remembering the falsifier Mathieu Golovinski who had left the Okhrana, the Tsarist Secret Police and the country.
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Doctors in The Resistance
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Ghent University
• Political « Guard » of the University
- Historian Franz Petri (Kriegsverwaltungsrat)- form a new German intellectual centre
→ political centre of collaboration→ referring to von Bissing-University
- Volksforschung/Germanenkunde → only possible in Ghent (Petri)→ urgent call for German guest professors
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Ghent Faculty of Medicine
• Situation 1940- Frans Daels ↔ Toulouse professors- Daels & Speleers terrorize Faculty
→ opposition Francophone profs (Hautes Etudes)
• Leonardo Conti- Reichsgesundheitsführer- June 23, 1941: invitation by Faculty of Medicine
→ Daels & Speleers: meeting in Marburg
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Leonardo Conti(1900-1945)
Member SA (1923) en SS (1933) – anti-SemiteLeader of the National Socialist German Doctors’ League (NSDAP)Leader of Main Office for the Public Health during Third ReichT-4 Euthanasia Program
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Public Hospital: De Bijloke GhentDe Bijloke Gent
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University of Brussels (ULB)
• Strong liberal-socialist character since 1834• 1940: can continue after replacing 75 radical
professors by reliable Flemish colleagues • Flemish activists Flemish students at ULB• Faculty of Medicine great loss = anti-
Jewish
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University of Brussels (ULB)
• 4 German-minded profs force closing of university on Nov. 25th, 1941 Antoon Jacob: sentenced to death in 1919
• 300 teaching personal + 3600 students• Closed officially by Reeder on August 13th, 1942
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University of Leuven
• Total Belgian students at University: 12.000• 1941: 583 students from the ULB
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Conclusion
• Anti-Semitism and Anti-Masonry existed long before WWII
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Conclusion 2: Nobel Prizes
• Hitler saw himself as the political Robert Koch (Nobel Prize 1905 - who discovered Mycobacterium tuberculosis): Judaism was a Mycobacterium of social decomposition (July 1941)
• 1913: Nobel Prize Richet (La Sélection Humaine) elimination of disabled scandal
• 1935: A. Carrell (Nobel Prize 1912) – L’homme cet inconnu world success till the fifties...
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Conclusion 3: Thirties
• The eugenetic vision: the world can be seen as a human body, difficult to heal what makes that there’s one struggle, one revolt: one of a pathological order
• The ennemy is no longer an antagonist as in the classic conflict. Now it’s an animal, a Mycobacterium. It’s something that should be eliminated by all means.