Anti Feminism, Part 1

8/6/2019 Anti Feminism, Part 1

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Separate, Bitter,

lonely & Unequal An examination of social inequality and

The Feminist Movement

In 1790, Mary Wollstonecraft published a pamphlet called, A

Vindication of the Rights of Men, that spoke against aristocratic

society and advocated that monarchies be abolished in order to form a

republic. In 1792, her follow up pamphlet, A Vindication of theRights of Woman, focused on advocating social and moral equality

for the sexes. Later in 1848, the first women's rights convention was

held in Seneca Falls, New York where sixty eight women and thirtytwo men signed a Declaration of Sentiments, which called attention to

social inequalities and pushed for equal treatment of men and women

under the law and for women to have the right to vote. In the early19th century, American white women excluded black women from their

organizations fearing that they'd lose target audiences in southern

states. In 1913, feminist Alice Paul, denied feminist Ida Wells-Barnettand other women of color from marching in the front of their parade

and were sent to follow behind the demonstration instead. In 1999,

The US Supreme Court ruled in Kolstad v. American Dental

Association that, a woman can sue for punitive for sexdiscrimination if the anti-discrimination law was violated, even if that

conduct was not especially severe. Today, the Google definition andWebsters dictionary definitions of feminism are, the advocacy ofwomen's rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic

equality to men, and,the movement for equality of men and

women.

In 2011, the third wave of feminism that started off in the 1990's has

suddenly produced an attitude hypocritical to their predecessors that

men are potential rapists, are over represented, privileged and can notbe oppressed. At the same time, the movement has also split into

different sections that fight with one another based on the semantics

or skewed realities on certain issues. Due to those imbalances, it notonly weakens any potential or existing unity amongst men and women,

but it also decreases the likelihood of each sex truly being equal.


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Women don't make as much money as men do.

The Wage Gap

While that statement might be true in some cases, gender based discrimination is not the solereason for the wage gap's existence. One should consider that some of those percentagessubtracted from total pay equity could be due to women taking off more time from work thanmen do in their sector or industry. Other factors could be skill and performance level based.Whatever the case, there isn't one answer that applies to every individual.

After almost fifteen years of research and public works based on the matter, author WarrenFarrell discovered that the wage gap exists due to reasons that are much easier to understand.

He reported that it comes down to the fact that men and women mostly participate in fieldsthat pay them differently based on the varying levels of demand in their industries. He alsowants people to note that many wage gap statistics don't make accurate comparisons. They'lltie in the wages of the every day librarian, middle school teacher, secretary and nurse and trycomparing them to wages of lawyers, doctors, engineers and big business CEO's. As a result,77% of a man's dollar becomes a generalization of 77% of a wage earned by a low payingjob compared to a high paying job. The key difference is that opposed to reporting that it'simpossible for a waiter to make as much annually as a lawyer, the statistics will replace thecareer titles with the words men and women. Some statistics will purposely lump the annualincomes of men and women together without mentioning that the pay gap exists becausewages differ by industry.

For example, a distorted, misleading statistic would look like this :

New Hampshire was criticized for having high female/male wage discrepancy :Median earnings for men: $50,837

Median earnings for women: $37,527Women's earnings as a percent of men's earnings: 73.8 percent

Other factors contributing to the wage gap are that men have been steadily losing their jobsand have been getting their income sliced in half because of a fluctuation of women (morequalified or not) going into certain areas of the workforce that were formerly male dominated.A recent study conducted by representatives from the Economics Department of The NewSchool (Jeff Madrick and Nikolaos Papanikolaou) reported that rising wages increased the

rate of women working full time and more educated women were able to replace lesseducated men. Up until 1989, incomes of high school educated men were higher than collegeeducated women. After 1989 to 2005 and beyond, charts on the New School's publicationreveal that college educated women are suddenly making more than high school educatedmen. The study also shows that college educated women are still making less than collegeeducated men. However, incorporating the fact that further research shows that collegeeducated women have a tendency to take hold of jobs and careers thatstillpay them less thanmen, this is no surprise. A look at the popular major choices of female college students helpssupport this.


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Forbes 10 Most Popular College Majors for Women

No. 1: Business

Degrees awarded to women in 2008: 164,276

Women in the major: 49% of total

Men in the major: 51% of total

Potential career paths: management, sales, consulting, finance

Prediction Specs (what they'd probably go into) :

A) Project Manager, B) Regional Sales Manager, C) Finance Manager

*** (Least) Project Manager : $45,019 - $111,250

(Most) Senior Project Manager IT : $77,926 - $128,885

Percent Female : 27%

Regional Sales Manager : $47,737 - $134,419


Finance Manager : $41,352 - $127,227Percent Female : 43%

No. 2: Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences


Women in the major: 85.4% of total

Men in the major: 14.6% of total

Potential career paths: nursing, physical therapy

Nursing : $44,000 - $90,000

Physical Therapy Manager : $57,976 - $93,534

Percent Female (PTM) : 53%

Percent Female (N) : 80%+

No. 3: Social Sciences and History




Potential career paths: teaching, sales, research

Teaching : $26,000 - $64,000

(Note : Women who want to teach show a tendency to teach elementary to high school children.

The percentage drops from over 80% (elementary)

to 33% of a staff ratio being women who teach college students)

Research : (Too broad of a range. Could be anything from a Market Researcher to a Research Chemist. Use

payscale.com and type in 'Research' to find specifics)

Sociologist : $22,890 - $100,065



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4: Education (Self Explanatory)




Potential career paths: elementary teaching, secondary teaching

No. 5: Psychology




Potential career paths: counseling, teaching, sales

Psychologist : $35,236 - $118,304


No. 6: Visual and Performing Arts




Potential career paths: teaching; design and graphic arts; performance and entertainment

Graphic Designer : $23,690 - $57,629

*Percent Female : 65%

Illustrator : $21,505 - $98,263


Animator : $23,237 - $91,860


Fine Artist : $17,833 - $83,924


Assistant Production Editor : $22,894 - $50,484


No. 7: Communication and Communication Technologies




Potential career paths: sales, public relations, managementPublic Relations Manager : $35,139 - $93,918


Journalist (Broadcasting) : $21,714 - $95,562



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Soo Kyeong Hwang of the Korea Labor Institute and Solomon William Polachek of the StateUniversity of New York at Binghamton Department of Economics released a document thatexamined occupational segregation's role in explaining the wage gap. If women choose tohave children or need to tend to family affairs, they'll most likely apply for a job that allows

them to have flexible hours. Unfortunately, it's usually those particular jobs that offer lowercompensation. Coincidentally, industry stats collected by The National Restaurant Associationshowed that fifty percent of all eateries in the United States are owned by women and that thefood industry is much more likely to hire minority managers than any other industry.

Examples of these low paying jobs in the US include :

1. Amusement and recreation attendants

Mean* hourly earnings: $8.76Mean annual earnings: $18,220

2. BartendersMean hourly earnings: $9.49

Mean annual earnings: $19,740

3. Cafeteria, food concession and coffee-shop counter attendants

Mean hourly earnings: $8.57Mean annual earnings: $17,820

4. Cashiers


5. Child-care workers

Mean hourly earnings: $9.46


6. Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food


7. Dining roomand cafeteria attendantsand bartender helpersMean hourly earnings: $8.36


8. Dishwashers


9. Farm workersand laborers, crop, nursery and greenhouseMean hourly earnings: $8.82


10. Fast-food cooks


11. Food preparation workers



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12. Graders and sorters of agricultural products


13. Maidsand housekeeping cleanersMean hourly earnings: $9.40


14. Manicuristsand pedicuristsMean hourly earnings: $10.59


15. Nonrestaurant food servers


16. Parking lot attendants


17. Restaurant, lounge and coffee-shop hostsand hostessesMean hourly earnings: $8.54


18. Short-order cooks


19. Textile,garmentand related materials pressersMean hourly earnings: $9.27


20. Waitersand waitressesMean hourly earnings: $8.93


Mean wages are calculated by taking all salaries in an occupation and dividing by the number ofworkers to find the overall average. Hourly earnings are based on Bureau of Labor Statistics data.

A detailed analysis conducted by European researchers, professors and coordinators explainedthe sexual division of the European labour market could be defined by horizontal and verticalsegregation. Traditionally, the labour market is divided into three sections : the Primary Sector(agriculture, mining), the Secondary Sector (manufacturing) and the Tertiary Sector(Services). Horizontal segregation occurs when women are concentrated into those sectors. Associeties became post industrial, there have been notable increases in women going into theservice sector.

There is a common criticism that women are underrepresented within the second and primarysectors in multiple countries. Some argue that due to those sectors relying on physicalstrength, businesses are more reluctant to hire women or are more discriminatory in nature.While there are most likely cases where women have sued these businesses on grounds ofprejudice or discrimination in these sectors, there is plenty of evidence that points to womenfavoring the tertiary sector opposed to any requiring hard, manual labor.

The segregation of female employment by sector, E.U. 12, 1990


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(% of women employed in each sector)

Country Agriculture Industry Services Total

Germany (*) 43.9% 25.4% 50.8% 40.4%

Belgium 26.0% 19.4% 46.4% 45.9%

Denmark 23.1% 26.8% 55.6% 45.9%

Spain 27.1% 16.8% 42.1% 31.9%

Finland 32.8% 27.0% 59.8% 48.7%

France 34.4% 24.8% 51.8% 42.5%

Greece 44.5% 23.5% 36.7% 35.2%

Ireland 10.4% 21.8% 45.2% 33.1%

Italy 35.4% 24.5% 39.4% 34.2%

Luxembourg 33.3% 10.9% 45.7% 34.4%

The Netherlands 27.3% 16.0% 47.0% 37.9%

Portugal 49.7% 31.8% 46.6% 42.1%

United Kingdom 22.7% 23.2% 53.9% 43.2%

E12 35.3% 23.6% 48.4% 39.2%

(*) Excluding the new Lnder.

Source: (Bulletin on Women and Employment in the E.U. 1993, N? 2: 3 and for Finland, Statistics Finland, 1995,Women and Men in Finland, Living Conditions 1, Helsinki).

Similarly...

US Bureau of Labor Statistics for Women


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Most Common Non Traditional Occupations for American Women:[Numbers in Thousands]

(Nontraditional occupations are those in which women comprise 25 percent or less of total employed.Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Annual Averages 2008.

Womens BureauApril 2009)

1 Chief Executive :Amount of both sexes employed : 1,655

Amount of females employed : 387Percent Female : 23.4%

2 Laborers / Stock Material Movers :Amount of both sexes employed : 1,889


3 Computer Software Engineers :Amount of both sexes employed : 1,034


4 Security Guards / Gaming Surveillance Officers :Amount of both sexes employed : 867


5 Farmers and Ranchers :


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Amount of both sexes employed : 751Amount of females employed : 183

Percent Female : 24.4%

EMPLOYED WOMEN(a) BY INDUSTRY 1987 and 2004 (Australia)

Even though there are slow and gradual migrations of women going into more physicallydemanding jobs, there is a significantly small amount of them doing so. It isn't a matter of abusiness denying a woman access because they don't see her as capable of doing it. That's evidentbecause there's still percentage of women going into those fields. So at some point, you'llsee a female technician, construction worker or engineer. However, since there's a heavierconcentration of women choosing more service oriented jobs, women are collectively responsiblefor their underrepresentation or overrepresentation in certain industries. Coincidentally, some ofthe industries with the highest representation of women are in areas that pay them less than menin other areas.


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Most Prevalent Occupations for Men (Canada, 2006)

Top 10 Leading Occupations of Employed Women

1. Secretaries and administrative assistantsMedian weekly earnings: $619 - $657

Annual : $17,517 $40,66Percentage Female : 96.1 - 97%

2. Registered nursesMedian weekly earnings: $1,035

Annual : $44,000 - $90,000

Percentage Female : 89 91.1%

3. Elementary and middle school teachersMedian weekly earnings: $891 - $931

Elementary Annual : $26,212 - $62,725MS Annual : $29,625 - $64,448Percentage Female (E) : 85%

Percentage Female (MS) : 64%


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(Irony) Percentage Female (HS) : 49%+ Percentage Female (Postsecondary / Higher Education) : 33%

4. CashiersMedian weekly earnings: $361

Annual : $14,942 - $22,475

Percent Female : 69 73.7%

5.Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aidesMedian weekly earnings: $430

Home Health Aid Annual : $16,099 - $31,406Percent Female : 88.5%

6. Retail salespersonsMedian weekly earnings: $443

Annual : $15,443 - $30,480


7. First-line supervisors/managersof retail sales workersMedian weekly earnings: $597

R-Supervisor Annual : $18,702 - $40,889R-Manager Annual : $26,701 - $71,456


8. Waiters and WaitressesMedian weekly earnings: $363

Annual : $8,168 - $35,975Percent Female : 71.1 - 75%

9. Maids and housekeeping cleanersPercent of jobs held by women: 89.9%

Median weekly earnings: $371Annual : $15,667 - $49,571Percent Female : 89 - 91%

10. Customer service representativesMedian weekly earnings: $587

Annual : $19,517 - $41,854Percent Female : 66.6 - 73%


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The fight towards 'true' Pay Equity is one that shouldn't be fought without a thoroughunderstanding of trends within occupation selection. In corporate America, childless women earn

nearly as much as men do. Yet, married and single mothers earn much less. Those differences are dueto women choosing low compensating jobs that allow more flexible hours and explain why there aresuch heavy concentrations of women being cashiers, part time nurses, teachers, retail salespeople and

waitresses. Using the same logic, it also explains why women might earn less in a career field than mendo. When women choose jobs that might be labeled as being 'traditionally female oriented,' those areas

are prone to not require as much experience and offer fewer hours. When comparing the popularcollege majors on Forbes.com, women were reported to focus in the arts, social sciences, education,biology, communication and social services. On the other hand, men were reported to focus in more

stress and heavy experience oriented areas, such as engineering, computer software, medicine andprotective services.

In short, women might not earn as much as men collectively do because many don't want to take onmore tedious, demanding and technical jobs and they need extra time to take care of their families. One

could inquire that the occupational differences are due to the natural biological differences betweenmen and women. The biological differences indicate that women are more prone to nurture and are

communicative and expressive while men's aggressive nature gives them a tendency to take on moreleadership oriented roles. Even though one shouldn't ever be quick to say that men and women still

uphold their traditional, generic stereotypes, global statistics show that despite there being theopportunity for diversity, men and women have not ventured far beyond human evolution.

1) http://jobs.aol.com/articles/2011/02/14/according-to-restaurant-industry-statistics-women-and-minoritie/

2) http://www.careerbuilder.com/Article/CB-1073-Job-Search-Strategies-Americas-Low-Paying-Jobs/

3) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-wave_feminism4) http://www.infoplease.com/spot/womenstimeline3.html5) http://www.helsinki.fi/science/xantippa/wee/weea.html6) http://www.statistics.gov.uk/focuson/gender/7) http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/71-222-x/2008001/sectione/e-jobs-professions-eng.htm8) http://www.infoplease.com/us/statistics/leading-occupations-employed-women.html9) http://jobs.aol.com/articles/2010/07/27/where-women-work/

10) http://www.newschool.edu/scepa/publications/policynotes/Madrick_Nicolas.pdf11) http://www.payscale.com12) http://www.forbes.com/2010/08/10/most-popular-college-degrees-for-women-forbes-woman-

leadership-education_slide_2.html13) http://career-advice.monster.com/in-the-office/workplace-issues/more-men-report-sexual-

harassment-at-work-hot-jobs/article.aspx14) http://www.forbes.com/2010/08/10/most-popular-college-degrees-for-men-forbes-woman-

leadership-education_slide_2.html15) http://www.askmen.com/top_10/entertainment/top-10-male-dominated-industries_10.html


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16) http://www.economist.com/node/1517441817) http://eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/2002/01/study/tn0201101s.htm

Anti Feminism, Part 1

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