Anthropology Intro

8/10/2019 Anthropology Intro

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McGraw-Hill 2005 The McGraw-Hill Compani

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What Is Anthropology?

Anthropology:The Exploration of Human Diversity


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2 OverviewOverview

How we originated How we have changed

How we are changing still

Anthropology confronts basic questions

of human existence and survival


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3 OverviewOverview

nterested in the whole of the human

conditions !ast" present" and future

#iology

$ociety

%anguage

&ulture

Anthropology is holistic


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' OverviewOverview

Cultural anthropology(study of human

society and culture) describes" analy*es"interprets" and explains social and cultural

similarities and differences

+our subfields

Archaeology(reconstructs behaviorby studying material remains


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, OverviewOverview

Linguistic anthropology(descriptive"

comparative" and historical study of

language and of linguistic similarities and

differences in time" space" and society)considers how speech varies with social

factors and over time

Biological anthropology(study human

fossils" genetics" and bodily growth and

nonhuman primates


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- Human AdaptabilityHuman Adaptability

Anthropologystudy of human

species and its immediate ancestors

&onstantly compares customs of onesociety with others

Humans among the world.s most

adaptable animals


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/ Human AdaptabilityHuman Adaptability

Society(organi*ed life in groups

Culture(traditions and customs thatgovern behavior and beliefs

0istinctly human feature

ransmitted through learning

ot biological" but ability to use culture

rests in hominid biology

Anthropology


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General AnthropologyGeneral Anthropology

&ultural anthropologyArchaeological anthropology

#iological or physical anthropology

%inguistic anthropology

Academic discipline of anthropology

includes4


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5 General AnthropologyGeneral Anthropology

0eveloped in 67$7

8arly American anthropologists studying native peoples of

orth America became interested in exploring origins and

diversity of the groups

$ubdisciplines influence each other

+our9field approach4

$ubdisciplines share similar goal of

exploring variation in time and space toimprove understanding of basics of human

biology" society" and culture


10/31McGraw-Hill 2005 The McGraw-Hill Compani

1: General AnthropologyGeneral Anthropology

$ound conclusions about ;human

nature< cannot be derived from studying

a single nation" society" or culturaltradition




&ulture =ey environmental force in

determining how human bodies grow anddevelop

Biocultural(inclusion and combination >to

solve a common problem? of biological and

cultural perspectives and approaches

&ultural +orces $hape Human #iology

his is one of anthropology.s hallmar=s




#ra*ilian women avoid competitive

swimming because of that sport.s effects

on the body

&ultural standards of attractiveness and

propriety influence participation and

achievement in sports



13 The Subdisciplines oThe Subdisciplines o

AnthropologyAnthropology

!thnography(+ieldwor= in a particular

culture) provides account of that

community" society" or culture

&ultures not isolated from local" regional" national" and

global systems of politics" economics" and information

that expose villagers to external influences

Cultural Anthropology(describes"

analy*es" interprets" and explains social

and cultural similarities and differences



1' The Subdisciplines oThe Subdisciplines o

AnthropologyAnthropology !thnology(cross cultural comparison) thecomparative study of ethnographic data" of

society and of culture



1, The Subdisciplines oThe Subdisciplines o

AnthropologyAnthropology 8thnography and 8thnology(wo0imensions of &ultural Anthropology

nsert able 172



1- The Subdisciplines oThe Subdisciplines o


Artifacts >e7g7" potsherds" @ewelry" and

tools?

arbage

#urials

Bemains of structures

Archaeological Anthropology(study

of human behavior and cultural patterns

and process through the culture.smaterial remains



1/ The Subdisciplines oThe Subdisciplines o


Archaeologists use paleoecological studies

to establish ecological and subsistenceparameters within which given groups lived

Archaeological Anthropology

Archaeological record provides unique opportunity to

loo= at changes in social complexity over thousands

and tens of thousands of years





Historical archaeology combinesarchaeological data and textual data to

reconstruct historically =nown groups

Cilliam [email protected] ;garbology< pro@ect in ucson"

Ari*ona

Archaeologists also study the cultures

of historical and living people




AnthropologyAnthropology Biological Anthropology(study ofhuman biological variation in time and

space

ncludes evolution" genetics" growth and development"

and primatology



2: The Subdisciplines oThe Subdisciplines o


"rimatology

human evolution as

revealed by the fossil

record

#ody.s ability to change as

it copes with stresses such

as heat" cold" and altitude

study of biology" evolution"

behavior" and social life of

primates

$pecial interests

within biological

anthropology4

"aleoanthropology

Human genetics

Human growth and

development

Human biological

plasticity




AnthropologyAnthropology #iological anthropology draws onbiology" *oology" geology" anatomy"

physiology" medicine" public health"osteology" and archaeology




AnthropologyAnthropology Linguistic Anthropology(study oflanguage in its social and culturalcontext across space and time

Historical linguists(reconstruct ancient languages

and study linguistic variation through time

Sociolinguistics(investigates relationships betweensocial and linguistic variation to discover varied

perceptions and patterns of thought in different cultures



23 Applied AnthropologyApplied Anthropology

Applied Anthropology(application of

anthropological data" perspectives"

theory" and methods to identify" assess"and solve contemporary social

problems



2' Applied AnthropologyApplied Anthropology

Theoretical#academic anthropology(includes cultural" archaeological" biological"

and linguistic anthropology

0irected at collecting data to testhypotheses and models created to

advance anthropology

American Anthropological Association

>AAA? recogni*es two dimensions



2, Applied AnthropologyApplied Anthropology

$tandard subdivisions include4

Dedical anthropology 8nvironmental anthropology

+orensic anthropology

0evelopment

"racticing or applied anthropology(

application of anthropological data"

perspectives" theory" and techniques to

identify" assess" and solve contemporarysocial problems



2- Applied AnthropologyApplied Anthropology

Corld #an=

6nited $tates Agency for nternational

0evelopment >6$A0?

Corld Health Ergani*ation >CHE?

6nited ations

Applied anthropologists generally

employed by international development

agencies



2/ Applied AnthropologyApplied Anthropology

Cor= with local communities to identify

specific social conditions that influence the

failure or success of a development pro@ect

Applied Anthropologists4

0evelopment pro@ects often fail when

planners ignore cultural dimensions of

development

Assess social and cultural dimensions of

economic development



2 Anthropology and OtherAnthropology and Other

Academic $ieldsAcademic $ields

Anthropology is a science $ystematic field of study or body of

=nowledge that aims" through experiment"

observation" and deduction" to produce

reliable explanations of phenomena" withreference to the material and physical

world

Anthropology lin=s to interdisciplinary

collaboration


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8ncompasses study of and cross9cultural

comparison of languages" texts"philosophies" arts" music" performances"

and other forms of creative expression

Anthropology also a humanity


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3: Anthropology and OtherAnthropology and Other


$ociologist traditionally used quantitative

research" while cultural anthropologicalused qualitative methodologies

Anthropology and sociology converging

&ultural Anthropology and $ociology


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$tatements about ;human< psychology

cannot be based solely on observations

made in one society or in a single type of

society

&ultural anthropology >psychological

anthropology? studies cross9culturalvariation in psychological traits

Anthropology and !sychology

Anthropology helps us understand ourselves

through its cross9cultural perspective

Anthropology Intro

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