Anthropology
description
Transcript of Anthropology
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Anthropology
Unit 1
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What is Anthropology?• Study of human beings and their relatives
everywhere, throughout time.• There are many ways in which to do so
• What are some goals?• What could go wrong?• Do people like Indiana Jones exist?
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What’s up with this picture?
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Better???
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Bestest????
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Perspectives• Anthropology as a distinct science
o Focus on interconnectedness and interdependence of all aspects of the human experience in all places and in all times
o Both biological and cultural, past and present
o Holistic Perspective: the various parts of human culture and biology MUST be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to understand their interconnections and interdependence.
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Holistic ApproachThis helps anthropologists reach their goals in the following ways:
o Welcome contributions from other professionals (how?)
o Stay aware of ways that their own cultural ideas and values may impact their research (how?)….try to avoid ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism: the belief that the ways of one’s own culture are the only proper ones.
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Physical Anthro• The systematic study of humans as biological
organisms; also known as biological anthropology
• Concentration on:o Molecularo Human evolutiono Primatologyo Growth and developmento Human adaptationo forensics
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Molecular• Study of genes and genetic relationships
• Comparisons among groups separated by time, geography, or the frequency of a gene can reveal how humans have adapted and where they have migrated.
• Experts of: anatomy, bones and body tissues• Employment: Labs, public health, criminal
investigations
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Paleoanthropology• Study of the origins and predecessors of the present
human species; the study of human evolution. Great time spans (long history)
• We share common ancestry with other primates (apes specifically), therefore PA’s look back at earliest (65mya) or even to earliest mammals (215mya) to reconstruct evolution path
• Takes bio cultural approach (focusing on biology and culture)
• Genetic analysis: human line originated 5-8 mya
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Primatology• The study of living and fossil primates• Primates: Asian and African apes, monkeys,
lemurs, lorises, tarsiers
• Biologically, humans are members of Ape family
• Studies offer scientifically grounded perspectives on our ancestors as well as greater appreciation and respect for our closest living relatives
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Jane Goodall• Goodall is best known for her 45-year study of
social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees
• I have met her.
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Human growth, Adaptation, Variation
• Focuses on the capacity of humans to adapt or adjust to their material environment (comparative approach as we live in a variety of enviros)
• We are the only large orgs to inhabit the entire planet (remarkable adaptations)
• Adaptations: Heat, Cold, Altitude• Therefore:• Variations: Height, skin colour, body build, blood
type, and susceptibility to certain diseases
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Forensic• Specializes in the identification of human skeletal
remains for legal purposes
• Called upon for: murder victims, genocides, human rights abuses, terrorism, and war crimes
• Specialists in human anatomy to determine: sex, age, right or left handed, population affiliation, or experienced trauma of any kind
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Cultural• Cultural Anthro: Study of the patterns of human
behaviour, thought, and feelings• Focuses on humans as culture-producing and
culture-reproducing creatures.
• Culture: Society’s shared and socially transmitted ideas, values, and perceptions, which are used to make sense of experience and generate behaviour and are reflected in that behaviour.o Archaeologyo Ethnologyo Linguistics
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Archaeology• Study of human cultures through the recovery
and analysis of material remains and environmental data
• Tools, pottery, hearths, enclosures, human, plant, marine remains, some of which date back to 2.5mya
• Is also within Physical Anthropology realm. Have to understand biology, and a lot of facets of the phys side of anthro.
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Ethnology• Study of different cultures from a comparative or
historical point of view. Why are certain cultures different or similar among all humans
• Concerned with scientific explanations concerning the function and operation of social practices and features in all times in all places.
• Employment: business, education, healthcare, government humanitarian aid
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Linguistics• The study of human languages - looking at their
structure, history, and relation to social cultural contexts
• Language is a technology that we have learned