Anthropogenic Contamination of the Lower Fox River, WI
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Anthropogenic Contamination of the Lower Fox River, WI
Alyssa OffuttUT Austin, EWRE Masters CandidateGIS in Water Resources Section 212/4/2012
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Lower Fox River Watershed
Water Quality Concerns• Total Phosphorus• Total Suspended Solids• Polychlorinated
Biphenyls (PCBs)
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History of Water Quality Degradation
• Paper mills congregate on the Lower Fox River in the 1840s
• In 1954, Appleton Paper begins to discharge PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls)
• 1957-1971 an estimated 250,000 lbs of PCBs are discharged into the Lower Fox River
• 1980s the Lower Fox River is Designated an Great Lakes Area of Concern (AOC)• 11 reported and 2 suspected beneficial use impairments
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Point Sources of PCBs
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USGS Gage Station PCB Loading
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GO INTO THE BAYPCB Loading in Green Bay
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Stream Impairments
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Water Pollutants
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Source: www.fwwa.org (August 2011).
Total Phosphorus Reduction Required
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TSS Reduction Required
Source: www.fwwa.org (August 2011).
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Conclusions
• The Lower Fox River continues to face and environmental and human health hazards
• This has a significant impact on Green Bay and Lake Michigan
• Requires further remediation and reduction actions
• Past contamination and water quality degradation are relevant
Postcard of the Appleton Paper Mill on the Lower Fox River.Source: www.flickr.org (2012).
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Acknowledgments
• Dr. David Maidment, University of Texas at Austin• Dr. David Tarboton, Utah State University• Dr. Ayse Kilic, University of Nebraska-Lincoln• Gonzalo Espinoza, UT Austin Teaching Assistant• Marsha Burynski, WI Department of Natural Resources• James Killian, WI Department of Natural Resources
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Questions?
Alyssa [email protected]
Suspended sediment at the mouth of the Lower Fox River following a rain event.Source: www.foth.com (2012).