Anthraquinone glycosides
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Transcript of Anthraquinone glycosides
Anthraquinone Glycosides
Most of agents are used as laxatives and purgatives.
Cochineal is a dye.
Mechanism:The glycosides are absorbed from the small intestine and re-excreted in the large intestine where they increase the motility so produce laxation.
Aglycons produce griping effect so it is recommended to prescribe antispasmodic with them.
Chemistry:Chemically these are
related to anthracene.
a) Aloe
Botanical origin:Aloe barbadensis
Aloe ferox
Aloe perryi
Aloe vera
Family:Asphodelaceae
Part used:Dried juice of leaves
Collection:Leaves are cut from 9-12 years old plant and placed in v-shaped trough which in turn is placed on incline so that juice can be collected in receiver. It is allowed to evaporate, finally thickened juice is placed in metal box for drying.
Chemistry:Barbaloin is active ingredient.
Upon hydrolysis, it yields;Aloe emodin
Uses:Laxatives and purgatives
Emollient
Ingredient of benzoin tincture
b) CascaraBotanical Origin:
Cascara sagradaRhamnus purshiana
Family:Rhamnaceae
Part used:Dried bark
Collection:Bark is collected from April to August when it can be readily separated from wood. It is dried in shade.
Chemistry :
Cascarosides
Cascarosides A and B (related to Barbaloin)
Cascarosides C and D (related to chrysaloin)
c) RhubarbBotanical Origin:
Rheum officinaleRheum emodi
Family:Polygonaceae
Part used:Dried rhizome and root
Collection:Rhizome and roots are collected from 6-10 years old plant in spring or autumn. These are dried either in sunlight or by artificial heat.
Chemistry: Active constituent is Rhein anthrone.
d) Senna
Botanical Origin:Cassia angustifolia
Cassia acutifolia
Family:Febaceae
Part used:Dried leaflets
Chemistry:It contains;
Sennoside A and B
Sennoside C and D
e) Cochineal
Zoological Origin: Dactylopius coccus
Family: Dactylopidus
Part used: Dried female insects
containing eggs and larvae
Collection: Insects are collected and
killed by steam or hot water. These are dried in oven.
Chemistry: Active constituent is Carminic acid.
In addition it also contains;
10% wax
2% wax
Uses: As a dye in;
Fabrics
Cosmetics
Food
Paints
Colouring agent for pills etc.