Anthology 1 assagewaysassageways - · PDF fileassagewaysassageways R ... PassagewaysTM Series...

CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES®, Inc.

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CAnthology 1

CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES®, Inc.

Dale Lyle,Project Editor

Lisa Greenleaf Gollihue,Designer & Illustrator

Susan Hawk,Photo Researcher

& Illustrator

Leslie Alfred McGrath,Illustrator

__________

GARE THOMPSONASSOCIATES, Inc.,

Writers

PHOTO CREDITS:

Pages 13, 15–16 Library of Congress, Prints andPhotographs Division, Historic American BuildingsSurvey or Historic American Engineering Record,HABS,DC,WASH, 134–70, 80, 103, 180, 188, 269,306, 437

Page 14 Library of Congress, Prints and PhotographsDivision, Detroit Publishing Company Collection

Pages 20, 29, 36–37, 40, 46–47, 54–56, 61–63, 77,80, 93–96, ©2001 ArtToday.com

Page 38: Anne Frank Fonds-Basel/Anne Frank House-Amsterdam/Hulton Archive Photos

Page 39 Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS

Page 48 Courtesy of Jenny Sorenson

Page 52 Royalty Free/Corbis

Pages 60 & 64 From the Collections of the Henry Form Museum & Greenfield Village

Page 79 Courtesy of The General Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin

Page 92 Courtesy of Dave Miller, U.S. GeologicalSurvey

Pages 100 & 103 Theodore Roosevelt Collection,Harvard College Library

Page 101 Library of Congress, Prints and PhotographsDivision, Historic American Buildings Survey orHistoric American Engineering Record, HABS,ND,8-BISMA,1-2

Page 102 Library of Congress, Prints and PhotographsDivision, LC-USZ62-7626 DLC

Page 104 Library of Congress, Prints and PhotographsDivision LC-USZ62-8672 DLC

Pages 108–111 Ohio Historical Society

ILLUSTRATION CREDITS:

Pages 12, 36–40, 44, 53, 68, 100, 116 Lisa GreenleafGollihue

Pages 5–8, 69, 70, 72, 78, 85–88, 112, 117–120Susan Hawk

Pages 21–24, 28–32 Leslie Alfred McGrath

Passageways is a reading book that has 15 interestingnonfiction selections. These are the kinds of selections that you might read in school books, in library books, in magazines,and in other books.

Each selection is followed by 18 multiple-choice questions.These questions give you practice with key reading strategies.Each selection also has 3 Explorations in Writing questions.These questions ask you to write about what you have read.

Passageways will help you understand and enjoy what youread. You will become a better reader. And you will get themost from your reading!

ISBN 0-7609-1918-6©2002—Curriculum Associates, Inc.

North Billerica, MA 01862No part of this book may be reproduced by any means

without written permission from the publisher.All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA.15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

FOR THE STUDENT

PassagewaysTM Series Anthology 1 Book C—www.curriculumassociates.com—800–225–0248

The Shaggy Bear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

The Most Famous House in the United States . . . . . . 12

The Yeti—Real or Not? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Colonial Williamsburg: A Living-History Museum . . . 28

Showing Courage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Paper, Paper, and More Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Tarantulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Henry Ford and the Automobile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Discovering Pyramids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Chocolate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Becoming a Citizen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

The Mojave Desert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Teddy Roosevelt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

The Underground Railroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Harvest Festivals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Explorations in Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124–128

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PassagewaysTM Series Anthology 1 Book C—CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES®, Inc.—www.curriculumassociates.com—800–225–0248

52

Tarantula! Does the very name scare you?Some people are veryfrightened of tarantulas.Should they be? Readthis selection abouttarantulas to find out.


53

A tarantula is a type of spider. Spiders are different from insects. Insects have six legs. Spiders have eight legs.

There are more than eight hundred kinds of tarantulas.They live in many parts of the world. Tarantulas have long,hairy legs and furry bodies. They come in different colors.Many are black, brown, or gray. Some are blue. Manyhave stripes on their legs. The stripes are black and orangeor black and red. Some are black and have pink “toes”!

Like all spiders, tarantulas have fangs. Fangs are long teeth.

fangs

This is a close-up view of a tarantula’s fangs.


54

Tarantulas hunt at night. They eat crickets,beetles, and other insects. They also eat mice,snakes, and other small animals.

After a tarantula catches an animal, it bitesthe prey with its fangs. The fangs inject, orforce, poison into the prey. The poison usuallykills the prey.

Tarantulas cannot eat solid food. They need to digest it, or break it down, outside their body. The tarantula pumps a special fluidinto the dead prey. The fluid digests the softinsides of the prey. The soft insides turn intoliquid. Finally, the tarantula sucks up its dinner.A large tarantula can turn a mouse into a pileof bones and fur in about thirty-six hours!

Tarantulas can live up to thirty years or longer! But they have manyenemies. Snakes, toads, birds, wasps,and other animals eat tarantulas.

Some tarantulas shoot hairs onto an enemy. Each hair has many tiny barbs. The barbs sink into the enemy and sting and itch.

Sometimes tarantulas bite to protect themselves. Luckily, their bite does not kill people. But it really hurts!

A wasp approaches a tarantula!

One kind of wasp, called thetarantula hawk, is a major

enemy of the tarantula.


55

Tarantulas that live in the United States arefound west of the Mississippi River. Most ofthem like dry areas. Some even live in deserts!

Tarantulas in the United States dig burrows, or holes, for their nests. The burrows makegood homes. The female lays her eggs in asheet of silky webbing. Then she covers theeggs tightly with another sheet of webbing. She guards her eggs for several weeks untilthey hatch. A week or so later, the babies leavethe burrow to look for homes of their own.

The trap-door spider is a relative of thetarantula. It has a burrow that can be morethan ten inches deep and over one inch wide.This spider spins silky webbing to line itsburrow. The lining keeps sand and dirt fromfalling into the nest. Then the spider makes atrap door of silk and earth. The trap door islike a lid, which covers the entrance of theburrow. The spider spins more silk to join thetrap door to the lining. The spider closes thetrap door to keep out water and dangerousanimals.

The trap-door spider has a tricky way ofcatching food. It hides behind its door. Whenan insect walks by, the spider quickly opens thedoor. Then it jumps out and grabs the insect.

A Trap-Door Spider

Trap Doors


56

Tarantulas molt as they grow. Molting ishard work. It takes a lot of energy. Sometimestarantulas lose a leg when they shed their skin.The leg breaks off as they are trying to get outof their old skin. But tarantulas are lucky. Theirlegs grow back.

Tarantulas may look scary, but they actuallyare very helpful. They eat harmful insects, likeflies and grasshoppers. These harmful insectseat our food and can make us sick. Withouttarantulas, there would be many more pests in the world.

This tarantula has successfully molted.

The old skin is left behind.


57

Finding Main Idea and Details

The main idea is the most importantidea. The details are the pieces ofinformation that tell more about the main idea.

1. What is the selection mostly about?� tarantulas� trap-door spiders� where spiders live� how tarantulas eat

2. What does a tarantula use to inject poison?� its tail� its legs� its tongue� its fangs

3. What is considered a long life for a tarantula?� three days� thirty months� thirty years� three years

Finding Word Meaning in Context

Use context clues to find the meaningof a new word. Context clues are wordsin a sentence that help you figure outthe meaning of the new word.

4. Look at page 54. Prey is somethingthat a tarantula� hatches.� spins.� feeds.� eats.

5. Look at page 56. The word moltmeans� “shed skin.”� “grow skin.”� “dissolve.”� “digest.”

6. On page 56, the word pests means� “insects that are helpful.”� “spiders that are helpful.”� “insects that cause problems.”� “people that cause problems.”


58

Recognizing Cause and Effect

When one thing causes another thing to happen, it is called cause and effect.The cause is the reason why somethinghappens. The effect is what happens.

7. Some tarantulas live in the desertbecause they like to� drink water.� eat cactus plants.� be in wet areas.� be in dry areas.

8. The trap door on a trap-doorspider’s burrow keeps� hot air inside.� food fresh.� water and dangerous animals

outside.� baby spiders outside.

9. Tarantulas may shoot stinging hairs � when they are building a nest.� when they are laying eggs.� to capture prey.� to protect themselves.

Comparing and Contrasting

Comparing is finding how two or more things are alike. Contrasting is finding how two or more things are different.

10. Tarantulas, like all spiders, have� fangs.� wings.� pink toes.� green stripes.

11. Tarantulas are different from insectsbecause tarantulas� live in the water.� have six legs.� eat flies.� have eight legs.

12. What makes the trap-door spiderunique?� the floor of its burrow� the door of its burrow� its fangs� its legs


59

Understanding Sequence

Sequence is the order in which thingsare done or events happen.

13. What happens last, once a tarantulahas caught its prey?� The tarantula sucks up

its dinner.� The tarantula uses its fangs

to bite the prey.� The tarantula pumps a special

fluid into the prey.� The insides of the prey turn

to liquid.

14. What happens last after a femaletarantula has laid eggs?� She covers the eggs with

a silky web.� She guards the eggs.� The baby spiders settle into

the nest.� The baby spiders leave

the nest.

15. What does the trap-door spider dofirst when it wants to capture prey?� It waits outside its burrow.� It drinks some water.� It hides behind its trap door.� It opens its trap door.

Drawing Conclusions

Drawing conclusions can help youfigure out things that are not writtenin a selection. To draw a conclusion,think about the facts. Then think aboutwhat you know in your own life.

16. If an enemy attacked, one thing a tarantula might do is� shoot hairs into the enemy.� lay eggs.� eat the enemy whole.� molt.

17. The author of this selection is probably� afraid of tarantulas.� bored by tarantulas.� disgusted by tarantulas.� interested in tarantulas.

18. Which part of the tarantula is mostimportant for its survival?� its fangs� its furry body� its eyes� its legs

Go to page 126.

Explorationsin Writing


(pages 52–56)

1. The author tells a lot about tarantulas. What did you find most interesting?Write about it in your own words.

2. A fact can be proved. An opinion is what someone thinks or feels.• Here is a fact from the selection: Spiders have eight legs.• Here is an opinion based on the selection: Tarantulas make awful pets.

Write another fact from the selection. Write another opinion based on the selection. Give at least one reason for the opinion.

3. On page 54, the author tells how a tarantula eats its food. In your own words, write about how a tarantula eats its food.

Henry Ford and the Automobile (pages 60–64)

1. The author writes about Henry Ford. What have you learned? Write a fewsentences telling what Henry Ford was like as a young boy.

2. The author says that the first steam-powered car that Ford saw looked like a funny train. What did that first car look like? Use your own words todescribe it.

3. Ford did many things in his life. Pick three things Ford did. Write about these things.

(pages 68–72)

1. The author tells about building the pyramids. What did you learn about howthe pyramids were built? In your own words, tell how you think the pyramidsin ancient Egypt were built.

2. Look at the pictures of pyramids in this selection. In your own words, tellwhat makes pyramids special. Tell why you think people like to visit thepyramids.

3. In your own words, write about why the pyramids were important to ancient Egyptians.

126

Explorations in WritingWrite your answers on a separate piece of paper.

Explorationsin Writing

PassagewaysTM Series Anthology 1 Book C—CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES®, Inc.—www.curriculumassociates.com —800–225–0248

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