Anthelmintics. Effective deworming program- small ruminants Deworm ewes shortly before, or right at,...
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Transcript of Anthelmintics. Effective deworming program- small ruminants Deworm ewes shortly before, or right at,...
Anthelmintics
Effective deworming program- small ruminants
• Deworm ewes shortly before, or right at, lambing.
– best opportunity to disrupt the parasites' cycle in flocks
– ensures a low parasite burden when ewes are turned out on grass
– late lambing ewes should be treated twice with an anthelmintic.
• Deworm on grass. – Larvae in the pasture can overwinter– Deworming sheep or cattle on pasture
is done when moderate to high parasite burdens in the pasture are anticipated
– Deworming is done about three weeks after turnout on grass. It can be continued at intervals, depending on parasite exposure and risk
Effective deworming program- small ruminants
• Reduce pasture contamination. – Reducing the numbers of larvae eaten is a primary goal of any control program– If possible, mechanically harvesting spring grass will eliminate a large
percentage of infective larvae, which die as hay is cured. – Yearly rotation of pasture using other species, such as horses, helps break the
parasitic cycle since there is little infective crossover of worm species. Haemonchus contortus is an exception if cattle and sheep are alternated;
• Treat and move. This approach involves movement sheep and pairs, following worming, to fresh pasture or pastures where risk of exposure is low.
• Fall deworming. – Animals that accumulated parasites during summer months can have their worm
burdens markedly reduced. – spring and early summer preventive program is not used. – Diagnostic assistance such as fecal examination can be done to quantify the
worm burden.
Strategic deworming
• Focus on the pasture– Wet grass– > 55 F– “While the grass is dry without dew or rain, the
cattle do not get worms “– When to deworm
• when larvae are developing in the spring or fall • during inhibition of larvae in the summer before the
larvae emerge in early fall
• Cattle
There are three families of drugs which are used to treat internal
parasites in livestock:1. Benzimidazoles - Fenbendazole, Albendazole, Oxybendazole, Thiabendazole
2. Nicotinics - Levamisole, Pyrantel, Moratel
3. Macrolytic Lactones - Ivermectin, Doramectin, Moxidectin
The Benzimidazoles
• Safeguard®, Panacur®, Valbazen®, Synanthic®, also called "white dewormers"
• broad spectrum and safe to use: ostertagiosis• They are effective against tapeworms• Albendazole is effective against adult liver flukes, but
should not be used in pregnant or lactating females.
Nicotinics
• Levamisole (Tramisol®), also called a "clear dewormer“• broad spectrum and effective against arrested larvae• narrower margin of safety, especially in the injectable form. • Pyrantel (Strongid®) is only effective against adult worms. • Moratel (Rumatel®) is an oral feed additive and is only effective
against adult worms
Macrolytic• The Macrolytic lactones or "avermectins" (Ivomec®, Dectomax®, Quest®,
Cydectin®) • newest family of drugs• broad spectrum and have a wide margin of safety • They are also effective against external (biting) parasites, including nose
bots • Moxidectin is a persistent-activity dewormer that continues to kill worms
after it is administered.
Trade NameDrug
IngredientDrug
Family*!Approved
Species
SpecificityNOT complete- most common
ONLY
Labeled Dosage for approved
species*Goat Dosage is
Higher
Withdrawal time for approved
species
Cydectin® 0.5%pour-on for cattle
Moxidectin MLbeef cattle
non-lactating dairy cattle
roundworms lungworms
external parasites
5 ml/110 lbs.topical
cattle: 0 days slaughter
Cydectin® 1% injectable Moxidectin ML beef cattle
roundworms lungworms
external parasites1 ml/110 lbs.
cattle: 21 days slaughter
Cydectin® oral drench for sheep 0.1%
Moxidectin MLsheep
Not for lactating dairy sheep
roundworms lungworms
external parasites
1 ml/11 lbs. by mouth
or 1 ml/5 kg
sheep: 7 days slaughter
Dectomax®injectable 1%
Doramectin MLbeef cattle
swine
roundworms lungworms
external parasites
1 ml/110 lbs. (cattle)
1 ml/110 lbs (swine)
Sub Q or IM
cattle: 35 days slaughterswine: 24 days slaughter
Dectomax® pour-on for cattle 0.5%
Doramectin ML cattleroundworms lungworms
external parasites
5 ml/110 lbs.topical
cattle: 45 days slaughter
Ivomec® Eprinex pour-on
Eprinomectin ML cattleroundworms lungworms
external parasites
5 ml/110 lbs. topical
cattle: 0 days slaughter
Ivomec® pour-on for cattle
Ivermectin ML beef cattle roundworms lungworms
external parasites
1 ml/22 lbs.topical
cattle: 48 days slaughter
Ivomec Plus Injection
ClorsulonIvermectin
ML beef cattle
roundworms lungworms
external parasitesAdult liver flukes
1 ml/110 lbs.SQ
cattle: 49 days slaughter
Ivomec® injectable 1%
Ivermectin MLbeef cattle
swine
roundworms lungworms
external parasites
1 ml/110 lbs cattle. 1 ml/75 lbs. swine
Sub-Q
cattle: 35 days slaughterswine: 18 days slaughter
Ivomec® sheep drench 0.08%Primectin™ Drench
Ivermectin ML sheeproundworms lungworms
external parasites
3 ml/26 lbs.by mouth
sheep: 11 days slaughter
Rumatel® Medicated Premix
Morantel Tartrate
TETRcattle goats
mature roundworms
1/10 lb./100 lbs.cattle: 14 days goats: 30 days
Prohibit Drench Powder
Levamisole Hydrochloride
TETRcattlesheep
roundworms intestinal worms
lungworms
Depends on dilution
cattle: 2 dayssheep: 3 days
Quest® 2% equine oral gel
Moxidectin MLhorsesponies
roundworms lungworms
external parasites0.4 mg/2.2 lbs.
not for horses intended for food
Safeguard® Panacur® liquid 10%
Fenbendazole BZDcattle, non-
lactating goats
roundworms lungworms tapeworms
2.3 ml/100 lbs.by mouth
cattle: 8 days slaughter0 milk withdrawalgoats: 6 days slaughter
Safeguard® Panacur® paste
Fenbendazole BZDcattle horses
roundworms lungworms tapeworms
2.3 mg/lb.by mouth
cattle: 8 days slaughter
Tramisol/Levasole® injectable for cattle 13.65%
Levamisole IMID beef cattle roundworms lungworms
2 ml/100 lbs. Sub-Q
cattle: 7 days
Tramisol/Levasole® boluses/oblets
Levamisole IMID sheeproundworms lungworms
1 bolus/50 lbs.by mouth
sheep: 3 days slaughter
Valbazan® drench 11.36%
Albendazole BZDcattle sheep
roundworms lungworms tapeworms
adult liver fluke
3 ml/ 100 lbs. oral
restricted during pregnancy
sheep: 7 days slaughter
Zimecterin-EZ® paste 1.87%
Ivermectin MLhorsesponies
roundworms lungworms
external parasites
1 tube/1250 lbs.oral
not for horses intended for food
Safeguard Pellets
Fenbendazole BZDcattleswine
roundworms lungworms tapeworms
1 lb./100 lbs.by mouth
swine: 14 days slaughter
Strongid® T paste
Pytrantel Pamoate
TETRhorsesponies
mature roundworms
2.27 mg/lb.by mouth
not for horses intended for food
Synanthic® drench 9.06%
Oxfendazole BZDbeef cattle
non-lactating dairy
roundworms lungworms tapeworms
2.5 ml/110 lbs.by mouth
cattle: 7 days slaughter
Tramisol/Levasole® drench
Levamisole IMIDsheep cattle
roundworms intestinal worms
lungworms
1 oz./100 lbs. 1 ml/50 lbs.by mouth
sheep: 3 days slaughter
References
• http://www.sheepandgoat.com/articles/antheltable.html
• http://www.uwyo.edu/vetsci/Courses/PATB_4110/2009_lectures/33_parasites_cattle_sheep/HTML/Class_Notes.htm
• http://extensionvetmed.blogspot.com/2009/04/when-is-right-time-to-deworm-cattle.html