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Castillo,Mark Bryan T. , BSEE 4-3

Research 1: Technical Definition

Antenna

Antenna is a device or a specialized transducer designed to transmit or receive electromagneticwaves and converts electromagnetic radiation in space into electrical currents in conductors. The

first antenna was built in 1888 by German Physicist Heinrich Hertz to prove the existence of

electromagnetic waves by the theory of James Clerk Maxwell but the origin of the word antenna

relative to wireless apparatus is attributed to Guglielmo Marconi.

Antenna has five basic parameters to determine how it will perform: frequency, gain, bandwidth,

impedance and polarization. Frequency is the cycles per second. An antennas efficiency/gain is a

measure of how much power is radiated relative to its input power. Bandwidth of an antenna is the

frequency range over which the antenna radiates. Antenna Impedance is the ratio of voltage to

current at its terminals. The fundamentals of antenna theory requires that the antenna beimpedance matched to the transmission line or the antenna will not radiate.

There are seven types of antenna: Whip (rod) antennas, dipole antenna, Yagi-Uda array, parabola

antenna, loop antenna, dielectric antenna. Whip(rod) antenna Is used for mobile phones and it is a

non-directional antenna with equal sensitivity in any direction. Dipole antenna is commonly used for

amateur radio. Yagi-Uda array is used for television antennas and it has strong directivity and must

be aligned in the direction of the transmitting station. Parabola antenna is commonly used for

receiving satellite broadcasts and had a very strong directivity and require fine directional

adjustment. Loop antenna captures the changes in the magnetic field of the radio waves. And,

dielectric antenna use high frequency dielectric ceramics to achieve high performance/efficiency.

Antennas are used in systems such as radio broadcasting, broadcast television, two-way radio,

communications receivers, radars, cellphones and satellite communications. Each antenna

configuration has a radiation pattern and design parameters.

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References:

Antenna Fundamentals. Retrieved fromhttp://www.antenna-theory.com/basics/main.html

Cruz-Pol, S. Introduction to Antenna Principles[PDF document]. Retrieved fromhttp://ece.uprm.edu/~pol/pdf/AntennaIntroExtend.pdf

Leopedrini (2011). What is Antenna? Retrieved from

http://www.telecomhall.com/what-is-antenna.aspx

Rouse, M. (2005).Antenna. Retrieved from

http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/antenna

What is an antenna? Retrieved fromhttp://www.cdt21.com/resources/guide3.asp

What is an Antenna? Retrieved fromhttp://www.futureelectronics.com/en/wireless-rf-radio-

frequency/antennas.aspx

http://www.antenna-theory.com/basics/main.htmlhttp://ece.uprm.edu/~pol/pdf/AntennaIntroExtend.pdfhttp://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/http://www.cdt21.com/resources/guide3.asphttp://www.futureelectronics.com/en/wireless-rf-radio-http://www.futureelectronics.com/en/wireless-rf-radio-http://www.cdt21.com/resources/guide3.asphttp://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/http://ece.uprm.edu/~pol/pdf/AntennaIntroExtend.pdfhttp://www.antenna-theory.com/basics/main.html