Antenna Measurements: Radiated Emissions/Immunity NASA ...

Antenna Measurements:

Radiated Emissions/Immunity NASA/Orion Mars/Moon Capsule

John Norgard

Robert Scully

NASA/JSC

Houston, TX USA

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

EMC/Europe2012~Roma/17SEP12

Overview

• Space Exploration (NASA New Role/Mission)

– International Space Station (ISS)

• Space HQ

– (Old) Space Shuttle (Glider)

– (New) Space Ship “Orion” ~ Capsule (Crew Module / Service Module)

• Blunt Body / Parachute Reentry

– EMI Compliance Tests

• NASA/JSC Anechoic Chamber Tests (1m) Un-Shielded Components

– Radiated Emissions/Immunity (MIL-STD)

• Army/YGP Hanger Tests

– Near-Field Tests (NF->1m) Build-Up Shielded Parts

• Sled

• DART

– Far-Field Tests (FF->1m) Full System Integration

• Capsule

2

IEEE/EMC-Brazil PoliUSP 120426

Outline

• Introduction

– Space Exploration [NASA (New) Role/Mission]

• (New) Space Ship ~ “Orion” Capsule (Space Ship)

• (Old) Space Shuttle Replacement (Glider)

• Orion Parachute Reentry ~ High-Altitude A/C Drop Tests

– EMI Tests

• SoF (A/C Extraction ~ Orion Prototype)

• RE/RI (RS/RV) ~ MIL-STDs

– NASA/JSC-Houston(SAC)

• (1) Components/(1m) (Un-Shielded )

– Army/YPG-Yuma(Hanger)

• (2) Parts Build-Up (Shielded Components/NF->1m) Sled/DART

• (3) Full System Integration ~ Test Vehicle (Shielded Parts/FF->1m) Capsule (CM/SM)

– EMC Results

• Conclusions

3


Outline

• Introduction


• (New) Space Ship ~ “Orion” Capsule (Space Ship)

• (Old) Space Shuttle Replacement (Glider)


– EMI Tests

• SoF (AC ~ Orion Prototype)





• (2) Parts Build-Up (Shielded Components/NF->1m) Sled/DART

• (3) Full System Integration ~ Test Vehicle (Shielded Parts/FF->1m) Capsule

– EMC Results

• Conclusions

4


Intro: Space Exploration

• NASA

– US Space Exploration

– Sites

• JPL ~ Unmanned Missions (Pasadena, CA)

• JSC ~ Manned Missions (Houston, TX)

• KSC ~ Launch Site (Cape Canaveral, FL)

5


Intro: NASA/JPL

• Unmanned Robotic Planetary Exploration

• Fly-By/Probes (Inner/Outer Planets)

• Landers/Rovers (Mars)

– Deep Space Network

6


Intro: NASA/JSC

• Manned Missions

– Moon/Mars ~ Asteroids

• Lunar Habitat

– Live in Space

– Mine Moon’s Minerals

• Plasma Engine

• Launch to Mars

7


Intro: Space Station

• International Space Station (ISS) ~ $150B

– HQ / Space Operations

• Research Lab

– Space Environment

– Microgravity

• Observatory

• Factory

• Staging Base

– Moon/Mars

– Orbit

• LEO (~370km/7.7km/s)

• Ionosphere (F Layer)

• Orbits (15.7/day)

8


Intro: Past Launch Vehicle (Space Shuttle)

• Space Shuttle

– (Taxi) Terminated

• Cost (~1/2$B/Launch=$65K/Kg)

• Safety/Reliability (~30y)

• Maintenance

• Utility (135)

– Design Limitations (~80%)

• LEO

• Equatorial Orbits

• <22,700 Kg (Payload)

• Satellite Launch Platform •

9

Intro: Proposed Launch Vehicles

• Short Haul: Earth2LEO(ISS)

– Russian

• Proton

• Soyuz

– Commercial

• SpaceX ~ Dragon Supply Ship

• Long Haul: Earth2GEO

– NASA ---> Moon/Mars(Asteroids)

• Orion ~ Space Ship

• Deep Space Exploration

10 IEEE/EMC-Brazil PoliUSP 120426


Intro: Proposed Launch Vehicles

• Orion

– Launch Abort System (LAS)

– Crew Module (Blunt Body Capsule)

– Service Module

– (Adapter) •

11

Space Power Facility: Plumbrook E3 System Test (Reverberation)


Chamber

RF Signal

Generation

RF Sensing and

Measurement

Lifting and

Positioning

Assembly

Control and

Data Recording

RF Pallet,

including:

Safety System

12


Intro: Crew Module Tests NASA/JSC & Army/YPG

• Crew Module (Capsule)

– Designed/Redesigned (Emerging Technologies)

• Earth Reentry

– Blunt Body

– Parachute Decent

– Parachute Drop Tests (C130/C17)

• Capsule Parachute Assembly System (CPAS)

– Components

• Avionic Tray

• Mid-Air Delivery System Tray

– Vehicle

• Sled/Tub

• DART

• Capsule (Prototype)

13


Intro: Blunt Body / Parachute

• Stages

– Extraction

– Staggered Chutes

• Pilot (1)

• Drogue( 2)

• Mains(3)

– Pyrotechnic/Explosives

• Initiators/Cutters

– Mission Critical

• EMI/EMC •

14


Intro: CPAS Capsule Parachute Assembly System

• Parachute Testing

– NASA/JSC

• Components (EMI Chamber)

– Army

• Build-Up (YPG/Hanger)

• System Integration (YPG/Hanger)

– Drop Tests (YPG/Site)

• Test/Simulation (Final Landing Stages)

– Experiments (EMI)

• C130 (Sled/DART)

• C17 (Capsule)

• Analysis

– -20 dB Penalty

15

Space Environmental Test (SET) Project

Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) System/Component Tests



Outline

• Introduction


• (New) Space Ship ~ “Orion”

• (Old) Space Shuttle Replacement


– EMI Tests&Analysis

• SoF (A/C ~ Orion Prototype)





• (2) Parts Build-Up (Shielded Components/NF->1m)

• (3) Full System Integration ~ Test Vehicle (Shielded Parts/FF->1m)

– EMC Results

• Conclusions

17

18

(1) JSC: EMI Tests Capsule/Components

• Test Types (RE/RS)

• Test Setups

– Frequency Bands

– Polarizations

– Positions

• Modes

• Test Limits

• Testing (Components): Semi-Anechoic Chamber

(1m)

• Test Results


19

(1) JSC: MIL-STD Tests

• Radiated/Conducted (Emissions/Immunity)

EMI

Test Description

CE01 30 Hz – 15 kHz

Power Leads

CE03 15 kHz – 50 MHz

Power Leads

CE07

DC Power Leads

Spikes

Time Domain

RE02

14 kHz – 10 GHz

13.5 – 15.5 GHz

Electric Field

CS01 30 Hz – 50 kHz

Power Leads

CS02 50 kHz – 50 MHz

Power Leads

CS06 Spikes

Power Leads

RS03 14 kHz – 20 GHz,

Electric Field

EMI Test Schedule

US Segment

EMI

Test Description

CE

Low

Frequency

20 Hz – 10 kHz

Power Leads

CE

RF

10 kHz – 100 MHz

Power Leads

RE 10 kHz – 1 GHz

Electric Field

CS

Low

Frequency

20 Hz – 10 kHz

Power Leads

CS

RF

10 kHz – 100 MHz

Power Leads

RS 14 kHz – 20 GHz,

Electric Field

EMI Test Schedule

Russian Segment


20

(1) JSC: RE02/ISS

• 14 kHz – 15.5 GHz

RE02 Limit, Narrowband

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Frequency, MHz

Ma

gn

itu

de

, d

Bu

V/m


21

(1) JSC: RE/Ambients


(1) JSC: RE02 Setup (ISS) ~ Bands

IEEE/EMC-Brazil PoliUSP 120426 22

(1) JSC: RE02 Setup (ISS) ~ Positions


(1) JSC: RE102 Limit (SS)


(1) JSC: CPAS/PCDTV RE102 (SS) Test Setup


26

(1) JSC: RE102:CPAS/MDS Test Setup

• Antenna/Spacecraft

– Antenna Placement

– Tests/Measurements


(1) JSC: CPAS RE102 (SS) Test Bands

• 2-30 MHz (VP)

• 30-200 MHz (HP/VP)

• 200-1000 MHz (HP/VP)

• 1-18 GHz (HP/VP)



(1) JSC: CPAS Test/Analysis

• Equipment

– PCDTV Tray (Unshielded)

– MDS Tray (Unshielded)

– Instrumentation Tray (Unshielded)

– A/C Tray (Unshielded)

– Video Tray (Unshielded)

– Cameras (Unshielded)

• Measurements

– RE02

28

(1) JSC: CPAS RE102 (SS) (2–30 MHz)


(1) JSC: CPAS RE102 (SS) (30-200 MHz)


(1) JSC: CPAS RE102 (SS) (200-1000 MHz)


(1) JSC: CPAS RE102 (SS) (1-18 GHz)


(1) JSC: RE102 Limit (SS) w/o Shielding


(1) JSC: Shielding


(1) JSC: CPAS RE102 (SS) (30-200 MHz)


(1) JSC: CPAS RE102 (SS) (200-1000 MHz)


(1) JSC: CPAS RE102 (SS) (1-18 GHz)


(1) JSC: CPAS Shielding Interconnections


(1) JSC: CPAS Shielding Remote Control Wires


(1) JSC: RE102 Limit (SS) w/ Shielding



Outline

• Introduction





– EMI Tests








– EMC Results

• Conclusions

45

46

(2) YPG/DART: CPAS Sled/Tub Tests


(2) YPG/DART: DART Tube


(2) YPG/DART: Avionics Tray


(2) YPG/DART: Avionics Tray Metal/Fabric/Mesh Shield


(2) YPG/DART: DART Integration



(2) YPG/DART: Parts Build-Up


(2) YPG/DART: DART Test/Analysis

• Unshielded/Shielded Component Tests

– Apertures (Excitations)

– B-Dot Probe

– Spectrum Analyzer

• Analysis

– Antenna Factor

• Power ~ Voltage/Current (50 Ohms)

• Electric Field

– Magnetic Loop Antenna (Electrically Small)

• Aperture (Uniform)

• Waveguide ~ Dominant Mode (TE10/TE11)

• Extrapolate (NF->1m)

– Near Field

– Far Field

52



• Equipment

– PCDTV Tray (Shielded)

– MDS Tray (Unshielded/Shielded)

– Instrumentation Tray (Unshielded/Shielded)

– A/C Tray

– Video Tray (Unshielded/Shielded)

– Cameras (Unshielded)

• Measurements

– Discrete Spectrum

– SNR

• Ambient Background Noise Floor

• Reference Level

53


(2) YPG/DART: CPAS/PCDTV B-Dot Probe ~ Aperture Shielded

54



55



56



57



58



59



60



61



62



63



64



65



66

“Starboard” Side Apertures

Number Description RE102 Results

DART E1S (5/8"OD)Circular-Hole/Shielded Pass/Pass

DART E2S (1-1/2"OD)Circular-Hole/Shielded Pass/Pass

DART E3S (2-1/4"x5-1/4")SemiCircular-2Holes/Shielded Pass/Pass

DART E4S (12"x3")Hatch-Cover/Shielded Pass/Fail

DART E5S (18"x12")Hatch-Cover/Shielded Fail /Fail

DART E6S (1-1/2"x2")Cable-Coupler/Shielded Pass/Pass

DART E7S (10-1/2"x5-3/4")Hatch-Cover/Shielded Fail /Fail

DART E8S (11-3/4"x3")Hatch-Cover/Pin-Rack/Shielded Fail /Fail



DART E11S (2-1/4"x5-1/4")SemiCircular-2Holes/Shielded Pass/Pass

DART E12S (1-1/2"OD)Circular-Hole/Shielded Pass/Pass

“Port” Side Apertures


DART W1S (1-1/2"OD)Circular-Hole/Shielded Pass/Pass

DART W2S (2-1/4"x5-1/4")SemiCircular-2Holes/Shielded Pass/Pass

DART W3S (10"x10")Hatch-Cover/Shielded Fail/Fail

DART W4S (12"x3")Hatch-Cover/Pin-Rack/Shielded Pass/Fail

DART W5S (3"OD)Circular-Hole/Shielded Pass/Pass

DART W6S (2-1/4"x5-1/4")SemiCircular-2Holes/Shielded Pass/Pass

DART W7S (1-1/2"OD)Circular-Hole/Shielded Pass/Pass


(2) YPG/DART: CPAS/Video Cameras B-Dot Probe ~ Aperture Shielded

67



68



69



70



71



72



73

Video-Cameras AFT/“North” Side Apertures


DART C1E (6”x6”)(1200/Outer-Ring)High-Speed (Unshielded) Fail

DART C2E (6”x6”)(1000/Inner-Ring)High-Speed (Unshielded) Fail

DART C3E (6”x6”)(1100/Inner-Ring)High-Speed (Unshielded) Fail

DART C4E (6”x6”)(0100/Inner-Ring)Low-Speed (Unshielded) Fail




(2) YPG/DART: CPAS/MDS Aperture ~ Primary/Unshielded

74



75



76



77



78



79



80



81



82



83



84



85



86



87



88


(2) YPG/DART: YPG Drop Test C130/Extraction

• NASA

YPG/


(2) YPG/DART: YPG Drop Test Chutes/Landing/Recovery

• NASA


Outline

• Introduction





– EMI Tests








– EMC Results

• Conclusions

91

(3) YPG/Capsule: CPAS RE02 (SS)


(3) YPG/Capsule: CPAS RE02 (SS) Open Panels


(3) YPG/Capsule: CPAS RE02 (SS) Closed (0 Deg)


(3) YPG/Capsule: CPAS RE02 (SS) Closed (+30 Deg)


(3) YPG/Capsule: CPAS RE02 (SS) Closed (-30 Deg)


(3) YPG/Capsule: CPAS RE02 (SS) Separation Sled



(3) YPG/Capsule: Test/Analysis

• Test

– Circular Scans

– Probes/Hybrid

• Analysis

– Extrapolated (FF->1m)

– Attenuated

– Antenna Factor

98



• Equipment

– CPSS

• Primary

• Secondary

– PTV

• Open Panels (Unshielded)

• Closed Panels (Shielded)

– Cameras

• Measurements

– Continuous Spectrum

• Ambient Background Noise

• Reference Level

99


(3) YPG/DART: CPSS Test/Analysis HP/3m Secondary (30-1000 MHz)

100

-70

-65

-60

-55

-50

-45

10 100 1000

Po

wer

(Measu

red

vs A

mb

ien

t)

[dB

m]

Frequency [MHz]

CPAS/CPSS ~ 01/HP:3m/SN Raw Measured Data

p_sut[dBmW]

p_amb[dBmW]


(3) YPG/Capsule: CPSS Test/Analysis HP/3m Secondary (30-1000 MHz)

101

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

10 100 1000

|Ele

ctr

ic F

ield

In

ten

sit

y|(

dB

µV

/m)

Frequency (MHz)

CPAS/CPSS ~ 01/HP:3m/SN Converted Measured Data vs 461 RE102 Limit

fs_sut[dBµV/m]

fs_amb[dBµV/m]

461 Limit at 1 meter



102

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

10 100 1000

|Ele

ctr

ic F

ield

In

ten

sit

y|(

dB

µV

/m)

Frequency (MHz)

CPAS/CPSS ~ 01/HP:3m/SN Adjusted Measured Data vs 461 RE102 Limit

fs_sut_adj[dBµV/m]

fs_amb_adj[dBµV/m]

461 Limit at 1 meter



103



104


(3) YPG/Capsule: CPSS Test/Analysis VP/3m Primary (30-1000 MHz)

105


(3) YPG/Capsule: CPSS Test/Analysis HP/3m Cameras (30-1000 MHz)

106


(3) YPG/Capsule: PTV Test/Analysis HP/3m 360/Open (30-1000 MHz)

107


(3) YPG/Capsule: PTV Test/Analysis VP/3m 180/Open (30-1000 MHz)

108


(3) YPG/Capsule: PTV Test/Analysis HP/3m 360/Closed (30-1000 MHz)

109


(3) YPG/Capsule: PTV Test/Analysis VP/3m 180/Closed (30-1000 MHz)

110


(3) YPG: CPSS/PTV Test/Analysis VP/3m Secondary/Closed (30-1000 MHz)

111


(3) YPG: CPSS/PTV Test/Analysis VP/3m Primary/Closed (30-1000 MHz)

112

(3) YPG/Capsule: CPAS C17/Load



(3) YPG/Capsule: YPG Drop Test C17

• Experiments (EMI)

– Avionics

• Position/Velocity/Acceleration

• Temperature/Pressure/Humidity

• Loading(Forces/Torques)

– Delivery System

• Firing Events

– Deploy

– Release

• Mortars/Cutters

– Video

• Cameras

114


(3) YPG/Capsule: YPG Drop Test C17

• SoF


(3) YPG/Capsule: YPG Drop Test

• NASA


(3) YPG/Capsule: YPG Drop Test Recovery/Repair/Refurbish/Reuse

• NASA

Conclusion

• SoF Confirmed

– Components

– Build-Up

– System

• Tests/Apertures

– NF->1m Results

– FF->1m Results

• Successful Drop Test

– No Anomalies

• C130/C17

• CPAS (Shielding)


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