Antenna Details for iPhone 5 and iPhone 4G

7th National Radio Administration Experts

Council MeetingBeijing, July 15th

Antenna Technology for Mobile Phone Device

Case Study: iPhone/iPad

Prof. Willie W. Lu

Challenges in Mobile Phone Antenna

• Tradeoff between size and performance• Handheld Interference Analytical Modeling• Human Body Radio Absorbing Modeling• I t b d f I t f M d li• Inter-band frequency Interference Modeling• Intra-band channel Interference Modeling• Multi-band Antenna Optimization TechniqueMulti-band Antenna Optimization Technique• Multi-band Antenna Calibration Technique• Radio Transmission Optimization and Link Budgetp g• Multi-dimensional Handovers Calibration (V+H)

Antenna Performance is Much More Important than Antenna Design

leading wireless innovation™ COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL© Willie W. LU, All Rights Reserved.Prof. Willie W. Lu, Cupertino, CA

Antenna Performance is Much More Important than Antenna Design

Key Antenna Patents of iPhone/iPad – New Design

1. 20100123632 MULTIBAND HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICE SLOT ANTENNA 05-20-20102. 20100060529 ANTENNAS WITH TUNING STRUCTURE FOR HANDHELD DEVICES 03-11-2010

Principal Inventor: Dr. Robert W. Schlub, Sr. Director of Antenna Group, Apple Computer Inc.

3. 20100007564 ANTENNAS FOR HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH CONDUCTIVE BEZELS 01-14-20104. 20090305742 ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH PROXIMITY-BASED RADIO POWER CONTROL 12-10-20095. 20090303139 HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH ISOLATED ANTENNAS 12-10-20096. 20090278753 HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH ISOLATED ANTENNAS 11-12-20097 20090275370 HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH ISOLATED ANTENNAS 11 05 20097. 20090275370 HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH ISOLATED ANTENNAS 11-05-20098. 20090273526 HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH ISOLATED ANTENNAS 11-05-20099. 20090256759 HYBRID ANTENNAS FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICES - PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE IS PROVIDED THAT HAS A HYBRID ANTENNA 10-15-200910. 20090256758 HYBRID ANTENNAS FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICES - PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE IS PROVIDED THAT HAS A HYBRID ANTENNA 10-15-200911. 20090153407 HYBRID ANTENNAS WITH DIRECTLY FED ANTENNA SLOTS FOR HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICES 06-18-200912. 20090051604 MULTIBAND ANTENNA FOR HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICES 02-26-200913. 20090040115 ANTENNAS FOR HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICES 02-12-200913. 20090040115 ANTENNAS FOR HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICES 02 12 200914. 20080316121 WIRELESS HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICE - HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICE MAY BE PROVIDED THAT CONTAINS A CONDUCTIVE HOUSING AND OTHER CONDUCTIVE ELEMENTS 12-25-200815. 20080316117 HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICE ANTENNAS - HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICE MAY BE PROVIDED THAT CONTAINS A CONDUCTIVE HOUSING AND OTHER CONDUCTIVE ELEMENTS 12-25-200816 20080316116 HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH CABLE GROUNDING 12 25 2008


16. 20080316116 HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH CABLE GROUNDING 12-25-200817. 20080316115 ANTENNAS FOR HANDHELD ELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH CONDUCTIVE BEZELS 12-25-2008

Challenge to traditional Antenna Testing

Embedded Antenna Testing Much Difficult than Traditional Testing


Based on Testing with Anritsu, CETECOM, Comarco , LitePoint , RTX Telecom, etc.

How to combat Interference in mobile phone

To combat distortion

FREQ-SELECTIVE DIVERSITY TYPES

To combat Loss in SNRReceiver Diversity

Transmitter DISTORTION•Adaptive Equalization (e.g decision Feedback, ViterbiEqualizer)•Spread Spectrum –DS or FH

•Time (e.g Interleaving)•Frequency (e.g, BW Expansion, Spread Spectrum FH or DH with Rate Receiver)•Spatial (e g Spaced Receive

Power Control

Antenna Calibration

Transmission Spread Spectrum DS or FH

•Orthogonal FDM (OFDM)•Pilot Signal

Spatial (e.g Spaced Receive Antennas)•Polarization

Transmission Optimization

Radio Repeater Installation

FAST-FADING DISTORTION•Robust Modulation•Signal Redundancy to increase

FLAT-FADING AND SLOW-FADING•Some Type of Diversity to get •Signal Redundancy to increase

Signaling Rate•Coding & Interleaving

Additional Uncorrelated Estimates of Signal•Error-Correction Coding


Human Body Radio Absorbing Modeling

• Specific absorption rate distribution of 1 900MHzdistribution of 1,900MHz cell phone held against tilted head model

• Radiation increasing un-linearly when closing to head

• Interference increasing un-linearly as well

• Radio Transmission performance degrading abruptly


abruptly

Reconfigurable Multiband Antennas

• GSM900 (880-960)• DCS1800 (1710-1785)DCS1800 (1710-1785)• PCS1900 (1850-1910)• UMT2000 (1725 to 2055

Simulated and measured results of the experimental design:return loss of quad-band antenna ( ─), measured return loss of quad-band antenna (-o—o-), simulated return loss of Bluetooth antenna ( - - -),


( ),measured return loss of Bluetooth antenna (-+-+-), and measured isolation between quadband and Bluetooth antennas ( -▫-▫-▫-▫-).

Wireless Device Antenna Choices

LoopPIFAPIFA

M lPatch Monopole MLA


Quad-Band PIFA - Example

The Inverted F antenna is a variant of the Monopole antenna• reduce the height• required PCB ground plane length is roughly λ/4• required PCB ground plane length is roughly λ/4• miter-avoid a right angle microstrip bend, which results in a

poor current flow on the stub.• taper -compensate the abrupt step transition between the

microstrip line feed and the antenna.

(1) Main PCB (printed circuited broad), (2) battery, (3)speaker, (4) patches for quad-band antenna, (5) patch for Bluetooth antenna, (6) ground strip (7) feed strip (8)ground strip, (7) feed strip, (8) upper PCB

f = c / 4(W + L)*W -width of each patch


W -width of each patch*L –length of each patch

Switchable Multiband Antennas

- volume reuse

I. Switched Feed: antenna volume i hi d b i hi breuse is achieved by switching between

different feeding locations of the antenna.

IIII. Switched ground: antenna volume reuse is achieved by switching or breaking of y g gthe antenna’s connection to the ground.


Switched Feed

Resonant frequencies:

Mode 0:∆L1 and ∆L2 are the extension lengths due to∆L1 and ∆L2 are the extension lengths due to capacitive or inductive loading effect at the corresponding resonant frequencies

Mode 1:∆L1 and ∆L3 are the extension lengths due to capacitive or inductive loading effect at the corresponding resonant frequencies


Switched Ground

Resonant frequencies:

Mode A:∆L1 and ∆L2 are the extension lengths due to∆L1 and ∆L2 are the extension lengths due to capacitive or inductive loading effect at the corresponding resonant frequencies

Mode B:d3 is slot length whereas ∆L1 and ∆L3 are the extension lengths due to capacitive or inductive loading effect at the corresponding resonant frequencies


Antenna Diversity Methods – Beyond Mobile Phone

To Mitigate These Problems, Diversity Techniques are Being DevelopedDeveloped

- Spatial Diversity is a widespread technique based on the use of an array of sufficiently spaced antennas at either transmitter or receivery p

- Polarization Diversity takes advantage of existence of statistical independence of different polarization states as a wave is scattered in the environment

f- Pattern Diversity uses the antenna itself to select angularly diverse components of the scattered wave to mitigate fading and increase SNR

- Temporal Diversity exploits the multidimensionality of the channel to improve SNRimprove SNR

- MIMO uses antenna arrays at both transmitter and receiver—multipath propagation can actually be exploited to establish multiple parallel channels


Any question ?

Prof. Willie W. Luhttp://Willie.Lu

E-mail: [email protected]


Antenna Details for iPhone 5 and iPhone 4G

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