Antebellum Nationalism

Circa 1812-1850Introduction and Overview

Results of The War of 1812 Early Industrialization Advances in Transportation Monroe and The Era of Good Feeling The American System Missouri Compromise Election of 1824 Reform Movements Republican Motherhood & Cult of Domesticity Democracy in the Age of Jackson

Topics

The man The myth The marriage His presidency The New American The Bank The Nullification Crisis Indian Policy Cabinet & Women

(“Petticoat Affair”)

Jackson

Inventions First Industrial Revolution Eli Whitney—interchangeable parts Eli Whitney—cotton gin Steam ship Railroad Cities Immigrants

The Industrial Movement

Transcendentalists Education Health care issues Women Religion Immigrants Anti-Immigration Temperance

Social Movementsand Reform

Cotton Gin The New South South Carolina Slave laws Quaker efforts Abolitionist efforts

Slavery and Abolitionism

Texas Revolution Texas—Republic 1836 Texas—Statehood 1845 Mexican War 1846-1848 New western lands Gold Rush 1849 Exploration and settlement

Manifest Destiny

Songs Poetry Novels Art Essays

A New American Voice

President Monroe President John Quincy Adams Henry Clay John C. Calhoun Webster Boys Andrew Jackson Cherokees Inventors, authors, thinkers, reformers, doers

Names to Know

What defines us as Americans? How does the election of Jackson lead to a new idea of

democracy and democratic leadership? How did Indian issues affect future growth of the U.S.? How and why did slavery spread? Who has more power? States or Federal government? How could America be better for the average person? How did technology affect the growth of this nation? How does manifest destiny shape an American

character?

Nationalism--Conclusions

Monroe1817-1825

The Last of the Virginia Dynasty

One political party—Dem-Rep.

Nationalism

Florida aqcuired by Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819

Missouri Compromise—1820—kept slave state/free state question at bay

Rush-Bagot Treaty—established Canadian Border

I. Era of Good Feeling

Henry Clay of Kentucky

Built roads, turnpikes, canals, bridges (infrastructure)

Began laying RR tracks

Subsidies from the government

Advances in transportation—clipper ship, RR, steamboat

American System

Protective Tariffs

1819—Financial Panic

Sectionalism—North vs. South vs. West (Senators Webster , Calhoun, and Clay)

Purpose: defense against European Empires

Major ideas: no colonization in the Americas, no European interference, No American interference in established European colonies

Results: British support, European respect (?), legacy of isolationism

II. Monroe Doctrine

See class notes on handout and power point on Jacksonian Democracy

“Tell… the Nullifiers for me that they can talk and write resolutions and print threats to their heart’s content. But if one drop of blood be shed in defiance of the laws of the United States, I will hang the first man of them I can get my hands on to the first tree I can find.”

“The Union must and shall be preserved.”

The Age of Jackson

Manifest DestinyThe Westward Movement

James K. Polk and expansionists

Conflicts and Questions

I. Election of 1844

II. Texas Independence, 1836Statehood, 1845(Sam Houston)

III. Oregon Territory“Fifty-four Forty or Fight”Oregon Trail established

Causes: American property in Mexico, Mexico still claimed Texas, boundary disputes

Opposition by Thoreau, Webster, Lincoln

Battles of Buena Vista & Vera Cruz

American occupation of California, New Mexico, South Texas, and Mexico City

IV. War With Mexico, 1846-48

V. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Texas boundary Mexican Cession ($15 million for NM, CA,

Col, Nev, Utah, Wy)

(War was first to use light artillery, photography, and telegraph)

VI. Gadsden Purchase, 1853 Established southern boundary with Mexico

Sutter’s Mill—Sacramento, California

VII. Gold Rush, 1849

Brigham Young and Mormons

VIII. Utah

Native Americans

IX. Issues of the West

Expansion of slavery into western territories?

So…

Children—work and education Women—family and basic rights Temperance (curbing “demon rum”) Help for disadvantaged people Slavery and its extension into the new

territories

What do these issues say about the U.S.?

People were thinking about reform—some issues:

1. Second Great Awakening Read, note2. Public Education and present3. Prison and Sanitarium Reform to class on 4. Utopian Communities Thurs. 5. Liberia6. Seneca Falls Refer to 7. Mormons textbook, 8. Transcendentalists or other 9. Temperance Society valid source10. Child Labor --provide11. Nativists website if12. Lowell System used.13. Stephen Foster & Am. Music14. Abolitionist Societies .

Social Movements—1812-1860

List of 3-5 major societies Leaders of the societies Philosophies of the societies Where they were located Their primary mission

(sample)

14. Abolitionist Societies

In 1839, there was a rebellion of slaves captured from Africa on the Spanish ship, Amistad.

These slaves overtook the ship and killed several Spanish sailors.

An American ship later captured Amistad and brought it to New London, Connecticut with around fifty African men and women.

The Amistad Case

There was a trial to determine if the “property” of Spain should be returned or if these people should be returned to their home of origin.

After the court decided in favor of the rebels, President Martin Van Buren, concerned with Southern anxieties over the decision, appealed the case to the Supreme Court. Out of nine justices, seven were Southern slave holders.

The abolitionist sponsors of the first case appealed to Congressman and Former President John Quincy Adams to speak for the Amistad captives.

View and listen to the film segment and focus on the argument of the defense and the final decision of the highest United States Court.

How did Adams use history for his side?

“Who we are is who we were.”J.Q. Adams

Marshall Court, 1801-1835—led by Chief Justice John Marshall (remember Marbury v. Madison)

Focused on a strong central government

Promoted business

Upheld supremacy of federal legislation over state legislation

Supreme Court

Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 1819—protected contracts from state law

McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819—federal government cannot require states to pay a special tax—called “The Bank of the U.S. Case”

Worcester v. Georgia, 1831—upheld rights of Cherokees in Georgia—led to Jackson’s Indian Removal Act and Trail of Tears

Cases

I. Characteristics—national awareness, romanticism, idealization of nature, good of mankind (reform), democracy, patriotism

II. Major authors—Poe, Emerson Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, Whitman, Longfellow, Emily Dickinson, Margaret Fuller (transcendentalist journal editor)

III. “Who we are, is who we were.” J.Q. Adams

American Renaissance c. 1840-65(“Birth of American Culture”)

Emotional and exaggerated story-telling—often dark and scary

Literature, music and art

Examples: Washington Irving’s Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Hawthorne’s House of Seven Gables, anything by Poe, Melville’s Moby Dick

This style coincided with a growth of spiritualism—an interest in contacting “the other side”—followed in Europe and America

(Mary Todd Lincoln)

Elements of Romanticsm

It was many and many a year ago,In a kingdom by the sea,That a maiden there lived whom you may knowBy the name of Annabel Lee;And this maiden she lived with no other thoughtThan to love and be loved by me.

I was a child and she was a child,In this kingdom by the sea:But we loved with a love that was more than love - I and my Annabel Lee;With a love that the winged seraphs of heavenCoveted her and me.

And this was the reason that, long ago,In this kingdom by the sea,A wind blew out of a cloud, chillingMy beautiful Annabel Lee;So that her high-born kinsmen cameAnd bore her away from me,To shut her up in a sepulchreIn this kingdom by the sea.

Annabel Lee E.A. Poe

The angels, not half so happy in heaven,Went envying her and me - Yes! that was the reason (as all men know,In this kingdom by the sea)That the wind came out of the cloud one night,Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.

But our love it was stronger by far than the loveOf those who were older than we - Of many far wiser than we - And neither the angels in heaven above,Nor the demons down under the sea,Can ever dissever my soul from the soulOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;

For the moon never beams without bringing me dreamsOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyesOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the sideOf my darling -my darling -my life and my bride,In the sepulchre there by the sea - In her tomb by the sounding sea.

The Liberator, 1831 (Garrison’s abolitionist newspaper)

Democracy in America, 1835 (Alexis De Tocqueville’s work on American individualism)

The Hudson River School, mid 1800s (group of artists led by Thomas Cole—America’s beauty through landscapes—1st American school of art)

McGuffey Readers, 1836 (reading instruction book—poems, stories, essays with patriotic themes promoting moral values)

“Civil Disobedience”, 1849 (Thoreau’s essay opposing Mexican War and injustice)

More on The Arts

The Scarlet Letter, 1850 --Hawthorne’s novel on legacy of Puritanism

Leaves of Grass, 1855 --Walt Whitman’s poems glorifying nature over reason

Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852—Stowe’s anti-slavery novel

Walden, 1854—Thoreau’s transcendentalist novel about life in nature

Fiction (on APUSH exam)

A. Identify the section of the document assigned andrewrite it in your own 21st century language.

B. Identify the overall idea or theme of your section.

Read The Declaration of Sentiments from Seneca Falls Convention of 1848

Railroad Erie Canal Cotton gin Kitchen cabinet Spoils system Abolitionists Immigrants Steamship Veto Whigs Clipper Manifest Destiny Temperance

Henry Clay Jackson Calhoun Websters Herman Melville Oregon Know-Nothings Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Seneca Falls Polk Transcendentalism Monroe Doctrine Harrison Mormons

APUSH Nationalism Terms