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LIBRANZA, Alexander Ken

2 BSABE

ANSC 10 – Laboratory

December 6, 2012

Laboratory Assignment No. 1

1.  Report: Differentiate of male from female animals.

Male Female

Turkey

Mature

The presence of a spur (alittle spike, or hook, on the

leg above the foot) on the

feet of the male.

the male, or gobbler, has amore brightly colored head,

often with a lot of red

Female turkeys called hens.smaller-sized, shorter-legged

and dull-colored turkeys in

the flock 

Female, or hens, will havegrayish blue heads

Chicks

Male turkeys have brightly

colored heads with nofeathers

A male's snood (dew bill

which hangs from the beak)

is much larger and plumperin appearance than a

female's

male turkeys have a fanununiformed tail

females have a few feathers

and are dully colored andbetter camouflaged in the

wild

Ducks

MatureA drake (or male) hasbetween 1 and 3 curly

feathers on his tail

The female is lacking in this

feather

Chicksmales have color(red,

yellow, white, orange)

Females are usually drab in

color.

Geese

Mature

Their heads tend to be bigger

and broader. They also tendto hold themselves taller

than the female, and their

necks tend to be longer and

more masculine

A female goose will show

less protective behaviors

than the gander. She also has

a deeper natural tone of voice. The biggest indicator

of a female goose is herability to lay eggs.

Chicks

They both have identical plumage. Sex determination can

only be done by observing reproductive structures or

internal organs. It is also said that boys are heavier than girls

Chicken MatureThe male's has much larger

comb and wattles than the

The female has a little bit of 

feathers on the head and

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female's male doesn’t.

Chicks

Look inside the vent. If you see a transparent bulb poking

out toward the vent opening, the chick is male. If you onlysee a shallow depression where the bulb would be, the chick 

is female.

Ostrich

Mature

The male has a height of about 2.5 m

At night, the black maleguards the eggs.

The female is comparativelysmaller.

The female ostrich is dullbrown in color. They use

this color difference very

effectively as they take turnsin guarding their eggs. The

female sits over the eggs

during the day time so that

its feathers blend in to thesurrounding environment.

ChicksThe male has a white tip at

the end of his tail.

You know the difference bythe width of their pelvic

bone.

Females being wider

Rabbit

Maturemales tend to be more

blocky in their heads and

bodies than females do

Females, or does, of medium

to large-sized breeds developa dewlap (a flap of skin

under their chins) as they get

older

Chicks Present of male genitals(testicles)

Not present

2.  Difference between a geese and a duck.

There has been confusion between ducks and geese for years. They do have several

similarities but they also have several differences. If you know all the differences they are

easy to tell apart. First you need to know the basic things about each bird. Then you willbe able to tell the difference.

Geese are larger than ducks, but smaller than swans. Almost all breeds of goose are

native to water. Most species in the east are migratory. They breed in the north and flysouth for the winter. All geese are vegetarians. Geese are lifetime maters but sometimes

they will "divorce" and remate. They usually lay fewer eggs than ducks but both parents

protect the eggs. (Sibylle Faye) 

The main difference between ducks and geese are that geese are bigger. Ducks alsousually lay more eggs than geese. Ducks may be found in fresh or salt water. Ducks make

a sound called a "quack". Male ducks molt in the summer so that they look like females.

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They cannot fly during this time so they hide. Most breeds of duck are migratory. In

many places ducks are hunted for food or sport. (Netrikon Designs) 

3.  Characteristics of ostrich and its meat

The ostrich is the largest of all birds and weighs about 150 kg. It also has a record of 

laying the largest eggs which are about 120 cm. long and 15 cm. in diameter. The ostrich

is a flight-less bird. However, it is the fastest bird on legs with a speed of 80 kmph. It has

a peculiar habit of running round in circles.

The ostrich is a native of Africa. The legs, which are two-toed, are long and strong and its

large body seems precariously balanced on them. Its neck is lengthy and at the end of it is

a small head with a short break. Its eyes are large with long eyelashes.

The brain of the ostrich is smaller than its eyes but that does not mean it is a stupid bird.

In fact, it is quite intelligent. Scientists no longer believe in the myth that the ostrich

buries its head in the sand in times of danger. Instead it sits and stretches its neck along

the sand.

Ostriches are being farmed for their meat and beautiful feathers. Even their hide is used

to make good quality leather. In some places they are also trained to pull carts. However

domesticating the ostrich is very difficult as it is a very aggressive bird. It attacks with a

very powerful kick which can easily break ones bones. So farmers have to be very careful

when approaching it.

Ostrich Meat is a red meat that is low in fat that can be used in any traditional red meatrecipe to produce great tasting dishes. Ostrich meat is a "red meat" similar in colour and

taste to beef. However, it is lower in fat grams per serving compared to chicken and

turkey, and much lower in fat and cholesterol than beef. Most all of the meat from an

Ostrich comes from the leg, thigh, and back. An Ostrich has NO breast meat like the

chicken and turkey.

Even though Ostrich meat tastes like beef, the Ostrich does not have fat marbling in the

meat like beef. Ostriches have fat, but it collects outside the muscles and is easily

removed during processing. Therefore, the cuts of meat are very lean with very low fat

content. Ideal for weight watchers who love red meat. (British Domesticated Ostrich

 Association) 

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4.  Differentiate temperate and tropical livestock in terms of physical attributes

Weather and climate influence farm animal in many ways; some obvious and

some subtle, in such way animals respond directly and indirectly to given environments.

Animals living in deserts and extremely dry environments must have an efficientprotection against the loss of water vapor and the intense solar radiation; those living in

cold regions must be protected against the loss of body heat; those in tropical regions

must be able to dissipate heat excess through the skin and from the respiratory surfaces,

and at the same time they must avoid incoming thermal energy from the environment.

Such protective properties depend on the morphological characteristics of the skin (color,

thickness, sweat glands, and so on) and of the hair coat (especially the thickness of the

coat, number of hairs per unit area, diameter of the hairs, length of the hairs and angle of 

the hairs to the skin surface), which allow the animal to exchange heat with the

environment through the four transfer modes

Common adaptive behaviors to heat stress by tropical livestock include sluggish

movement to reduce muscular heat production, raising of the wings among poultry to

allow for air circulation and heat loss; tendency of livestock to graze at night and more

often seek to stay under shade in the hot day; drinking of large volume of water; slow rate

and reduced consumption of feed; pigs walloons in water ponds or moist environment

and often stretch themselves in lying position.

Sources:

Sibylle Faye. "Geese," avianweb.com. Accessed May 6, 2010 athttp://www.avianweb.com/geese.htm.

Netrikon Designs. "Duck Information," junglewalk.com. Accessed May 7, 2010 at

http://www.junglewalk.com/info/Duck-information.htm.

Ehow.com., “Steps on…” http://www.ehow.com/how_7737883_tell-male-turkey-

female-turkey.html 

Ehow.com., “Steps on…” http://www.ehow.com/how_5810985_tell-between-male-

female-turkeys.html 

Hartung, J., 2003: Contribution of animal husbandry to climatic changes. In:

 Interactions between Climate and Animal Production. EAAP Technical Series No. 7.Wageningen, Wageningen Academic Publishers.

Hillman, P.E., C.N. Lee, J.R. Carpenter, K.S. Back and A. Parkhurst, 2001:  Impact of 

 Hair Color on Thermoregulation of Dairy Cows to Direct Sunlight . Paper No. 014031.

St Joseph, ASAE.