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Autonomic Nervous System

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1. The autonomic N.S. dif fers from the somatic N.S in having:

(A) A connector neuron which comes outside the CNS (preganglionic

neuron) and a postganglionic neuron which supplies the organ.

(B) Origin from all segments of the spinal cord.

(C) A double innervation to every organ.

(D) A complete control on skeletal muscles.(E) Origin from the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord

2. The foll owing r ef lexes are all autonomic except:

(A) Salivary secretion.

(B) Micturition.

(C) Flexion of the arm following a painful stimulus.

(D) Acceleration of the heart after haemorrhage.

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3. The autonomic gangl ia all are true except:

(A) Are 5 types. (B) Are the site of relay of afferent neurons.

(C) Function as distributing centres. (D) Are located inside the CNS.

(E) Are relay stations for all preganglionic fibres passing through them.

4. Concern ing the autonomic gangl ia, all the foll owing is true except :

(A) They act as distributing centers. (B) They are 3 types.

(C) Their chemical transmitter is acetylcholine.

(D) Their receptors are specifically blocked by atropine.

(E) The preganglionic fibres may pass through them without relay.




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5. The sympathetic pregangli oni c nerve fibr es:

(A) Leave the spinal cord in the grey rami

commumicantes.

(B) Originate at the autonomic ganglia.

(C) Are myelinated nerve fibres belonging to the B group of nerve fibres.

(D) Show minimal divergence in the autonomic ganglia.

(E) Which supply the abdominal viscera relay in the sympathetic chain.

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6. A lesion in the cervical sympathetic chain (Horner’s syndrome) causes:

(A) Increased sweating.

(B) Drooping of the upper eyelid.

(C) V.C. of the skin blood vessels (leading to pallor).

(D) Mydriasis.

(E) Inhibition of salivary glands secretion.

7. Stimulation of the sympathetic causes :

(A) contraction of the ciliary muscle for near vision.

(B) Generalized actions affecting many systems.

(C) Bronchoconstriction.

(D) Decreased glycogenolysis and lipolysis.

(E) Increased gastric HCl and pepsin secretion.

8. Stimul ation of the cervical sympatheti c nerves causes :

(A) Drooping of the upper eyelid.

(B) A small-sized pupil.

(C) Enophthalmos

(D) Inhibition of salivary gland secretion.

(E) Relaxation of the ciliary muscle of the eye.




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13. Paral ysis of the sympathetic to the head causes al l the fol lowing except:

(A) Lack of sweating in the face.

(B) Drooping of the upper eyelids (ptosis).

(C) Constriction of the pupils (miosis).

(D) Inability of the eyes to accommodate.

(E) Arteriolar V.D.

14. The sympathetic system cannot be responsibl e for:

(A) Constriction of the pupil.

(B) Erection of hair.

(C) Secretion of sweat glands.

(D) Dilatation of skeletal muscle blood vessels.

(E) Spleen contraction.

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15. About the vagus nerve, all the fol lowing is true except:

(A) It contains afferent and efferent fibres.

(B) It contains parasympathetic pregang fibres.

(C) It has no direct effect on ventricular contraction.

(D) It causes increased peristaltic movement of the intestinal wall.

(E) It produces micturition.

16. Stimulation of greater splanchn ic nerve produces:

(A) Increased motility of the plain muscles of the stomach.

(B) Excessive secretion of the gastric juice by the stomach.

(C) Decreased blood levels of both glucose and free fatty acids.

(D) Secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine by the adrenal medulla.

(E) Inhibition of micturition.




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17. Stimulation of the pelvic nerve (sacral autonomic) produces :

(A) Relaxation of the wall of rectum and contraction of the internal anal

sphincter.

(B) V.C. of the blood vessels in the external genitalia causing erection of

penis.

(C) Contraction of the bladder wall and relaxation of the internal urethral

sphincter.

(D) Contraction of smooth muscles in the male sexual passages causing

ejaculation.

(E) Relaxation of the external urethral and anal sphincters.

18. Concern ing the pelvic nerve, all the fol lowing is true except:

(A) It is the nerve of erection (= nervus erigenes).

(B) It is motor to the urinary bladder and distal half of the large

intestine.

(C) It is inhibitory to both the internal anal and urethral sphincters.

(D) It has no postganglionic nerve fibres.

19. Stimulation of the greater splanchni c nerve produces :

(A) Increased motility of the stomach and upper half of the small

intestine.

(B) Inhibition of micturition.

(C) Increased blood level of both glucose and catecholamines.

(D) V.C. of the blood vessels in the erectile tissue of both males and

females.

(E) Increased secretion by both the stomach and pancreas.




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20. The parasympathetic nerves :

(A) Are important in emergency conditions.

(B) Play important functions in the skin and skeletal muscles.

(C) Tend to have longer postganglionic fibres than pregang fibres.

(D) Are catabolic in their actions.

(E) Generally exert opposite effects to those of the sympathetic nerves.

21. An i njur y to the fi rst 4 sacral segments of the spinal cord produces :

(A) Hyperglycaemia.

(B) V.D. in the cutaneous blood vessels.

(C) Disturbance of sweat secretion.

(D) Lack of erection of the penis in males and clitoris in females.

(E) Relaxation of the internal anal and urethral sphincters.

22. Epinephr ine produces all the fol lowing eff ects except :

(A) Cutaneous V.C. (B) Bronchoconstriction.

(C) Coronary V.D. (D) Glycogenolysis.

(E) Erection of penis. (F) Mydriasis.

23. stimulation of the pelvic nerve causes:

(A) Contraction of the bronchial muscle.

(B) relaxation of the internal urethral and rectal (anal) sphincters.

(C) V.D. of the blood vessels in the external genitalia.

(D) Stoppage of prostatic secretion. (E) Urine retention.

24. The functions of Parasympatheti c innervations to the sali vary glands is:

(A) V. C. and secretion. (B) V.D. and secretion.

(C) V.D. and inhibition of secretion.

(D) Secretion of scanty viscous saliva.




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25. Acetylchol ine is secreted at al l the fol lowing sites except :

(A) Postganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals at skeletal muscles.

(B) Postganglionic parasympathetic nerve terminals.

(C) Postganglionic sympathetic noradrenergic nerve terminals.

(D) Myoneural junctions.

(E) Preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve terminals.

26. The eff erent impulses that stimu late sali vary secretion proceed along al l the

foll owing nerves except the :

(A) Chorda tympani. (B) Sympathetic nerves.

(C) Vagus nerve. (D) Glossopharyngeal nerve.

27. Which of the fol lowing may be produced by parasympathetic stimulation:

(A) Acceleration of the heart.

(B) Relaxation of the GIT wall

(C) V.D. of cornary artery.

(D) Dilatation of the pupil.

(E) Contraction of the urinary bladder wall.

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28. About acetylchol ine, all the fol lowing is true except:

(A) It is synthesized & released by some sympath postgang nerve fibres.

(B) It is the chemical transmitter released by all pregang nerve fibres.

(C) It is broken down enzymatically by the cholinesterase enzyme.

(D) It makes reading difficult because of relaxation of the ciliary muscle.

(E) It is liberated by all parasympathetic postganglionic nerve fibres.




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29. An in jection of atropine causes all the foll owing ef fects except :

(A) An increase in the heart rate.

(B) Pupillo-dilatation. (C) Difficult micturition

(D) Diminished intestinal motility. (E) Constriction of the bronchi.

30. About acetylchol ine, all the fol lowing is true except :

(A) Its synthesis is catalyzed by the choline acetyltransferase

enzyme.

(B) It is broken down at a faster rate than noradrenaline.

(C) It is not secreted by any sympathetic postganglionic nerve fibres.

(D) Its nicotinic actions can be blocked by large doses of nicotine.

(E) Its muscarinic actions can be blocked by atropine.

31. Nicotine in small doses stimulates the

(A) Alpha adrenergic receptors.

(B) Receptors at the parasympathetic postganglionic nerve

fibres.

(C) All postganglionic sympathetic.

(D) Beta adrenergic receptors.

(E) Receptors in the neurons present in the sympathetic chain.

32. The ni cotini c action of acetylchol ine:

(A) Is blocked by atropine.

(B) Is excitatory to both intestinal movements and secretion.

(C) Is always stimulatory to the autonomic ganglia.

(D) Is not affected by curare.

(E) Has no effect on the neuromuscular transmission.




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33. Al l the fol lowing drugs increase parasympatheti c activity except :

(A) Diisopropyliluorophosphate (DFP).

(B) Isoproterenol.

(C) Pilocarpine.

(D) Prostigmine.

(E) Muscarine.

34. Al l the fol lowing statements are corr ect except :

(A) Stimulation of the greater splanchnic nerve causes adrenomedullary secretion.

(B) Acetylcholine is normally present at low concentrations in the blood.

(C) I.V. injection of acetylcholine does not cause exactly the same effects as

parasympathetic stimulation.

(D) The dilator pupillae muscle contains alpha adrenergic receptors.

(E) stimulation of the postganglionic nerve fibres arising from the collateral

ganglia causes secretion from the adrenal (suprarenal) medulla.

35. Al l the foll owing about acetylchol ine is correct except :

(A) It causes bronchdilataion.

(B) It is released by the parasympathetic nerve endings in the sweat glands.

(C) It is the neurotransmitter in the suprarenal medullae.

(D) It is not affected by the enzyme COMT.

(E) Its synthesis requires the enzyme choline acetylase.

36. The nicotine-li ke action of acetylchol ine is present in :

(A) All preganglionic nerve endings.

(B) The sympathetic postganglionic supply to the blood vessels in skeletal muscles.

(C) The parasympathetic postganglionic supply to the heart.

(D) The sympathetic postganglionic supply to the sweat glands.

(E) The parasympathetic postganglionic supply to the GIT.




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37. The Parasympathetic effects can be stimulated by :

(A) Atropine which exerts similar effects as muscarine.

(B) Ephedrine which stimulates the synthesis of acetylcholine.

(C) Large doses of nicotine which have effects similar to acetylcholine.

(D) Alpha methyl-dopa (aldomet) which increases the release of

acetylcholine.

(E) Physostigmine which inhibits the acetylcholinesterase enzyme.

38. In the autonomic nervous system, all the fol lowing correct except :

(A) The sphenopalatine ganglion is a relay for neurons that supply lacrimal gland

(B) The white rami communicantes contain parasymp. postganglionic nerve fibres.

(C) The hypogastric plexuses contain both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres.

(D) The cardiac plexuses receive fibres from the 3 cervical ganglia.

(E) The vagus nerve contains parasympathetic preganglionic nerve fibres.

39. Injection of atropine is liable to cause :

(A) Constipation.

(B) Diarrhea.

(C) Bronchial constriction.

(D) Bradycardia

(E) No effect on either reading or micturation.

(F) Excessive flow of saliva.

40. Concern ing acetylchol in e :

(A) It can be blocked by atropine at the motor end plates.

(B) It is released at the parasympathetic ganglia only.

(C) It is synthesized from active acetate and the base choline.

(D) It is inactivated by the cholinesterase enzyme of which there are 5 types.

(E) When released as a result of vagal stimulation, it leads to coronary V.D.




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41. The best drug used for the treatment of myasthenia gravis is :

(A) Prostigmine.

(B) Curare.

(C) Eserine.

(D) Atropine.

(E) Hexamethonium.

42. The antidote of eser ine is:

(A) Acetylcholine.

(B) Atropine.

(C) Ergotoxin

(D) Propranolol.

(E) Amphetamine.

43. I t is true to say that ni cotine in small doses has an excitatory inf lu ence on the:

(A) Receptors located in the neurons present in the sympathetic ganglia.

(B) Beta adrenergic receptors.

(C) Alpha adrenergic receptors.

(D) Receptors that are normally responsive to postganglionic parasympathetic

fibres.

(E) Sympathetic collateral ganglia but not on parasympathetic ganglia.

44. Admini strati on of pil ocarpine:

(A) Inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme.

(B) Inhibition of sweat secretion.

(C) Act on nicotinic receptors

(D) A synergistic action with drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase enz.




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45. the substance that block neuromuscular transmission include:

(A) Botulinum toxin.

(B) Curare

(C) Epinephrine.

(D) Neostigmine.

(E) Neomycin

(F) Phentolamine.

46. Atropine blocks actions of acetylchol ine at all the fol lowing sites except at the :

(A) Iris.

(B) Sweat glands.

(C) Cutaneous arterioles.

(D) Salivary glands.

(E) Heart.

(F) GIT.

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47. Epinephr ine is :

(A) Synthesized in the adrenal medulla by methylation of norepinephrine.

(B) The chemical transmitter of most sympathetic postganglionic nervefibres.

(C) More powerful as a pressor agent than norepinephrine.

(D) Hydrolyzed by the cholinesterase enzyme.

(E) Released by the sympathetic cholinergic postganglionic nerve fibres.




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48. The alpha adrenergic receptors :

(A) Are not stimulated by epinephrine.

(B) When stimulated they reduce the gastrointestinal motility.

(C) Are blocked by propranolol.

(D) increase heart rate.

49. A drug which blocks the beta adrenergic receptor s causes :

(A) Dilatation of the bronchial muscle.

(B) Relaxation of the sphincters in the alimentary canal.

(C) Fall in the cardiac output.

(D) Dilatation of the visceral blood vessels.

(E) Reduction of the blood glucose level due to stimulation of insulin

release.

50. Noradrenali ne:

(A) Is liberated by the symp preganglionic fibres that supply the adrenal

medulla

(B) Is released by the symp. postganglionic neurons that supply the heart.

(C) Acts only on the alpha adrenergic receptors.

(D) Is secreted with adrenaline from the adrenal medulla at an equal rate.

(E) Is blocked by the cholinesterase enzyme.

51. Removal of norepinephr ine at postgangl ionic sympath f ibr es occur s by :

(A) Reuptake back into the terminal sympathetic endings.

(B) Transformation into epinephrine.

(C) The action of a transaminase enzyme.

(D) A demethylation action.

(E) Inactivation inside the noradrenergic endings by the COMT enzyme.




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52. About drugs that af fect the autonomic N.S, all the foll owing is true except :

(A) Acetylcholine injection causes catecholamine secretion from the adrenal

medullae.

(B) Atropine injection causes relaxation of the skeletal muscles.

(C) Epinephrine injection helps in the treatment of bronchial asthma.

(D) Acetylcholine injection stimulates the autonomic ganglia.

(E) In the body, epinephrine is formed only in the adrenal medulla and

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53. About noreninephr ine (noradrenali ne) :

(A) Its release is inhibited by ephedrine and stimulated by guanethidine.

(B) It is the chemical transmitter of most parasymp postgang nerve fibres.

(C) Its duration of action is shorter than that of acetylcholine.

(D) It produces severe V.D.

(E) It is inactivated by MAO (monoamine oxidase enzyme).

54. About autonomic functions ;

(A) autonomic nerves don't initiate activity in smooth muscles but rather

modify it.

(B) The muscarinic action of acetylcholine is produced by parasympathetic

preganglionic nerve fibres.

(C) Injection of atropine leads to slowing of the heart rate (bradycardia).

(D) The epinephrine and norepinephrine blood concentrations are equal.

(E) Sympathetic stimulation accelerates fatigue of skeletal muscles.

55. The alpha adrenergic receptors mediate al l the fol lowing except :

(A) Vasoconstriction. (B) Pupil dilatation.

(C) Spleen contraction. (D) Relaxation of intestinal wall.

(E) increased cardiac activity. (F) Skin hair erection.




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56. Al l the fol lowing drugs incr ease the sympathetic acti vity except :

(A) Reserpine.

(B) Ephedrine.

(C) Amphetamine.

(D) Tyramine.

(E) Phenylephrine.

(F) Isoproterenol.

57. About the chemical tr ansmission in the sympathetic nervous system :

(A) Noradrenaline is released by both pregang. and postgang symp. nerve fibres.

(B) Noradrenaline acts mainly on the beta adrenergic receptors.

(C) Noradrenaline contributes to 80 % of the secretion of the suprarenal medullae.

(D) The alpha adrenergic stimulators cause contraction of the plain muscles in the

seminal vesicles and vas deferens.

(E) The adrenal medulla secretes mainly at rest and during sleep.

58. Which of the foll owing drugs would not increase sympathetic activi ty:

(A) Norepinephrine.

(B) Amphetamine.

(C) Phentolatnine.

(D) Ephedrine.

(E) Tyramine.

59. A drug that blocks the alpha adrenergic receptors is l ikely to cause :

(A) pupil constriction.

(B) intestinal wall relaxation.

(C) increases the heart rate.

(D) dilatation of the bronchi.




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60. A drug that blocks the beta adrenergic receptors in l ikely to cause :

(A) Relaxation of the sphincters of the GIT.

(B) An increase in the cardiac output.

(C) Increased glycogenolysis and lipolysis in response to epinephrine.

(D) Bronchoconstriction.

(E) Excessive V.D. in the skeletal muscles in response to epinephrine.

61. Excessive sweating in a certain r egion can be rel ieved by :

(A) Drugs that interfere with transmission at adrenergic nerve fibres.

(B) Drugs that interfere with transmission at cholinergic nerve fibres.

(C) Division of the parasympathetic neurons that supply the affected region.

(D) Alpha adrenergic receptor inhibitor drugs.

(E) Beta adrenergic receptor stimulating drugs.

62. Concern ing the adrenal medul la, all the foll owing tr ue except :

(A) It acts only in emergency conditions.

(B) It secretes epinephrine 80 % and norepinephrine 20 %.

(C) It augments and prolongs the effects of sympathetic stimulation.

(D) It is a modified sympathetic ganglion.

(E) It receives preganglionic supply from AHC of the lower T6 segments.

63. The characters of adrenal ine include :

(A) It is the chemical transmitter at adrenergic postganglionic symp. nerve

(B) It has a greater effect on the peripheral resistance than noradrenaliue.

(C) It is hydrolyzed by the phosphodiesterase enzyme.

(D) It has a greater effect upon cardiac activity than noradrenaline.




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64. Stimulation of alpha adrenergic receptors :

(A) Increased gastrointestinal motility.

(B) Bronchodilatation.

(C) Enhanced glycogenolysis and lipolysis.

(D) Relaxation of the sphincters in the alimentary canal.

(E) Contraction of the spleen capsule.

65. The synthesis of norepinephr ine is prevented by :

(A) Alpha-methyldopa.

(B) Phentolamine.

(C) Yohimbine.

(D) Reserpine.

(E) Hexamethonium.

(F) None of the above.

66. removal of both adrenal glands:

(A) decrease the overall sympathetic activity.

(B) increase the sympathetic effects.

(C) lead to compensatory formation of adrenaline in the peripheral

circulation

(D) no effect on parasympathetic system.

67. A physiological action of epinephri ne produced by contact with the beta adrenergi c

receptors is :

(A) V.C. in skeletal muscles.

(B) Dilatation of the pupil.

(C) Intestinal contraction.

(D) Contraction of the erector pilae muscles.

(E) Increased strength of myocardial contraction.




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68. An increased secretion of epinephr ine causes :

(A) Increased cardiac output and decreased peripheral resistance.

(B) Decreased cardiac output and increased peripheral resistance.

(C) Decreased cardiac output and decreased peripheral resistance.

(D) Decreased cardiac output and decreased heart rate.

69. Al l the fol lowing statements are true except :

(A) Accommodation to near vision is mediated by increased acetylcholine secreted

in the ciliary muscle of the eve.

(B) Vagotomy may cause the heart rate to increase significantly.

(C) Most of the arteriolar V.C. present at rest is due to a basal secretion of

catecholamines from the adrenal medulla.

(D) Norepinephrine is not secreted by the adrenal medulla except in emergencies.

70. Al l the fol lowing statements are true except :

(A) nicotinic receptors of acetylcholine can be blocked by large doses of nicotine.

(B) The muscarinic receptors of acetylcholine are blocked by atropine.

(C) The alpha adrenergic receptors are blocked by phentolamine and ergotamine.

(D) The beta adrenergic receptors are blocked by guanethidine.




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ANS MCQ (1) ANSWERS

1. a2. c

3. c

4. d5. c6. b7. b8. e9. c

10. d11. e12. e13.

d14. a

15. e16. d17. c18. d19. c20. e21. d22. e23. b24. b25. c26. c27. e28. d29. e30. c31. c32.

b33. b

34. b35. a

36. a37. c38. c39. a40. c41. a42. b43. a44. d45. b46. c47. a48.

b49. c

50. b51. a52. b53. e54. a55. e56. a57. d58. c59. a60. d61. b62. e63. d64. e65. d66. d67.

e68. a

69. c70. d




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Q1 : Concerning autonomic reflex arc:

a) afferent autonomic fibers relay at ventral horn of the gray matter of the spinal

cord.

b) efferent fibers relay in autonomic ganglia before supplying the effector organs.

c) afferent autonomic fibers arise from the lateral horn cell.

d) supply skeletal muscles.

Q2 : Which of the following neurons originate from the sacral spinal cord:

a) preganglionic parasympathetic neurons.

b) postganglionic parasympathetic neurons.

c) postganglionic sympathetic neurons.

d) preganglionic sympathetic neurons.

e) adrenal medulla.

Q3 : The parasympathetic neurons are originated from the following parts of the

spinal cord:

a) sacral spinal cord.

b) cervical spinal cord.

c) thoracic spinal cord.

d) lumbar spinal cord.

e) all of the above are wrong.

Q4 : The sympathetic system originates from:

a) T1 to L3. b) T2 to L1.

c) C1 to L2. d) T1 to S2.




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Q5 : The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is

characterized by:

a) adrenergic postganglionic fibers.

b) short postganglionic fibers.

c) its origin is only from spinal cord.

d) none of the above are correct.

Q6 : Regarding postganglionic fibers:

a) of the parasympathetic system are long.

b) of the sympathetic fibers are short.

c) of all sympathetic fibers are adrenergic.

d) none of the above.

Q7 : Concerning the sympathetic nervous system:

a) consists only of cranial nerves.

b) its efferent pathway is made of one neuron.

c) all postganglionic sympathetic fibers secrete NE.

d) its stimulation causes dilation of the airways.

e) it is craniosacral.

Q8 : The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system:

a) generally has short postganglionic fibers.

b) has its cell of origin in the lateral portion of the thoracic and lumbar cord.

c) is concerned primarily with energy conservation and secretory activity.

d) has its cells originating from the brainstem.




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Q9 : Which of the following structure is innervated by preganglionic sympathetic

nerve fibers:

a) lung.

b) heart.

c) pancreas.

d) adrenal medulla.

e) skeletal muscle.

Q10 : Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes:

a) bronchoconstriction.

b) constriction of the pupil.

c) increases the heart rate & the force of ventricle contraction.

d) increases the heart rate but has no effect on the force of contraction.

Q11 : Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes:

a) increases the motility of the intestine.

b) decreases the blood glucose level.

c) increases sweating.

d) increases salivary secretion.

Q12 : Stimulation of the sympathetic nerve fibers causes all of the following

EXCEPT:

a) decrease insulin secretion.

b) increase heart rate.

c) relaxation of the bronchial muscles.

d) constriction of the pupil.




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Q13 : Sympathetic stimulation:

a) result in increase cutaneous blood flow.

b) indirectly increase the coronary blood flow (as a result of increase heart rate

and force of

contraction).

c) results in decrease muscle blood flow.

d) causes vasodilatation in all vascular beds.

Q14 : Increased sweating is mediated by increased:

a) activity of parasympathetic fibers to skin.

b) secretion of norepinephrine in end portions of the sympathetic fibers to skin.

c) secretion of Ach from postganglionic sympathetic fibers to skin.

d) secretion of epinephrine in end portions of the sympathetic fibers to skin.

e) metabolites.

Q15 : Noradrenaline:

a) increases intestinal motility.

b) is released by postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings.

c) is a potent vasodilator.

d) is released from adrenal medulla only.

Q16 : Increases the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system causes:

a) bronchoconstriction.

b) dilatation of the pupil.

c) increases the heart rate.

d) decreases the salivary secretion.




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Q17 : Generalized parasympathetic stimulation causes:

a) over ventilation.

b) increase the heart rate.

c) pupillary dilatation.

d) increase the intestinal peristaltic movement.

e) bronchodilatation.

Q18 : Concerning the parasympathetic:

a) its stimulation inhibits intestinal motility.

b) its stimulation causes bronchodilatation.

c) its stimulation causes salivary secretion.

d) its postganglionic cell bodies are in the CNS.

Q19 : Stimulation of the parasympathetic neurons leads to an increase of:

a) GIT motility.

b) heart rate.

c) blood pressure.

d) sweating.

e) respiratory rate.

Q20 : Vagus nerve stimulation:

a) reduces pancreatic secretion and HCl secretion.

b) increases HCl secretion and causes tachycardia.

c) causes bradycardia and increases HCl secretion.

d) all of the above are correct.




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Q21 : Vagus nerve:

a) cut does not affect stomach HCl.

b) acts as afferent fiber for defecation.

c) increases salivary secretion.

d) decreases intestinal motility.

Q22 : The neurotransmitter at the piloerector muscles of the hair is:

a) adrenaline.

b) noradrenaline.

c) acetylcholine (Ach).

d) atropine.

Q23 : The neurotransmitter at the preganglionic sympathetic nerve fiber is:

a) noradrenaline.

b) Ach.

c) adrenaline.

d) none of the above is correct.

Q24 : Which of the following is correct:

a) Noradrenaline (NE) is secreted from the preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

b) Ach is inactivated by the enzyme acetyl cholinesterase.

c) Ach binds to muscarinic receptors only.

d) autonomic ganglia are located inside the CNS.

e) the receptors in the autonomic ganglia are muscarinic.




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Q25 : The chemical transmitter in the sympathetic ganglia is:

a) adrenaline.

b) noradrenaline.

c) nicotine.

d) Ach.

e) serotonin.

Q26 : Neurotransmitter of the preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fiber is:

a) noradrenaline.

b) adrenaline.

c) Ach.

d) dopamine

e) erythropoietin.

Q27: Concerning cholinergic receptors:

a) the cholinergic receptors at the motor end plate (of skeletal muscle) are

muscarinic.

b) the cholinergic receptors of sweat glands are nicotinic.

c) the cholinergic receptors of the adrenal medulla are muscarinic.

d) the cholinergic receptors of the autonomic ganglia are nicotinic.

e) none of the above is correct.

Q28 : The chemical transmitter:

a) in all autonomic ganglia is Ach.

b) in some central synapses is noradrenaline.

c) at the neuromuscular junction and sweat gland is Ach.

d) all of the above are correct.




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Q29 : Concerning the autonomic nervous system, it is correct to say:

a) all the sympathetic postganglionic neurons are adrenergic.

b) all the sympathetic preganglionic neurons are adrenergic.

c) all the sympathetic preganglionic neurons are cholinergic.

d) a & b are correct.

Q30 : Which of the following usually has adrenaline as its major secretion:

a) postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers.

b) the adrenal medulla.

c) preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers.

d) preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers.

e) postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers.

Q31 : Muscarinic receptors can b distinguished from nicotinic receptors because

muscarinic receptors are:

a) stimulated by muscarine and blocked by epinephrine.

b) stimulated by muscarine and blocked by nicotine.

c) blocked by atropine and stimulated by nicotine.

d) blocked by atropine and stimulated by Ach.

Q32 : The autonomic receptors at the piloerector muscle are:

a) α- adrenergic.

b) β- adrenergic.

c) nicotinic.

d) muscarinic.

e) both β & α adrenergic.




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Q33 : Neuromuscular transmission is inhibited by:

a) Ach. b) curare.

c) noradrenaline. d) methacholine.

e) calcium ions.

Q34 : Which of the following is a beta adrenergic blocking agent:

a) reserpine. b) propranolol.

c) atropine. d) phentolamine.

e) tyramine.

Q35 : Atropine injection causes all of the following except:

a) decreases the intestinal motility.

b) bronchiolar dilatation.

c) increases secretion of sweat glands.

d) pupil dilatation.

Q36 : The muscarinic action of acetyl choline can be blocked by:

a) nicotine. b) atropine.

c) curare. d) none of the above is correct.

Q37 : It is correct to say:

a) an injection of atropine typically produces an increase in salivary flow.

b) adrenal medulla is innervated by postganglionic sympathetic neurons.

c) preganglionic parasympathetic neurons originate from the thoracic and lumbar

spinal cord.

d) stimulation of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons causes release of

noradrenaline.

e) acetylcholine stimulates the receptors of the autonomic ganglia.




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ANS MCQ (2) ANSWERS

1 b

2 a

3 a

4 a

5 b

6 d

7 d

8 b

9 d

10 c

11 c

12 d

13 b

14 c

15 b

16 a

17 d

18 c

19 a

20 c

21 c

22 c

23 b

24 b

25 d

26 c

27 d




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28 d

29 c

30 b

31 d

32 a

33 b

34 b

35 c

36 b

37 e




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1) Many substances are removed from the cel l to outside by

a. pinocytosis b. chemotaxis

c. phagocytosis c. exocytosis

Ans. d

2) Which of the following has slowest conduction

a. A alpha b. A gamma

c. B fibres d. C fibres

Ans. d

3) A man fal ls into deep sleep with one arm under his head. After awakening the

arm is paralyzed but tingli ng sensation and pain sensation persists. Th is loss of

motor function without the loss of sensory function is due to

a. A fibres are more susceptible to

hypoxia that B

b. A fibres are more sensitive to pressure

than C

c. C fibres are more sensitive to pressure

than A

d. Sensory nerves are nearer bone and

hence affected by pressure

Ans. b

4) Saltatory conduction

a. is seen only in myelinated nerve fibres b. is slower that non saltatory conduction




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c. is not affected if a local anesthetic is

applied to the node of Ranvierd. none of the above

Ans. a

5) M yelin sheath is produced by

a. axoplasm b. mitochondria

c. scawann cell d. muscle cell

Ans. c




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Put True or False beside each statement:

1. The following are true about the autonomic nervous system:

a. the postganglionic neurones are largely unmyelinated

b. all preganglionic neurones are cholinergic

c. the preganglionic neurones of the sympathetic nervous system are

shorter than the parasympathetic nervous system

d. the parasympathetic outflow is only found in the cranial nerves

e. the sympathetic preganglionic neurones leave the spinal cord via

the dorsal roots of spinal nerves T1-L3

a.T b.T c.T d.F e.F

2. Acetylcholi ne is a neurotransmitter at:

a. sweat glands b. the adrenal medulla

c. parasympathetic ganglia

d. the parotid gland

e. the neuromuscular junction

a.T b.T c.T d.T e.T

3. Ablation of the stel late ganglion cuases:

a. dilatation of the ipsilateral pupil

b. vasodilatation of the ipsilateral arm

c. posteral hypotension

d. loss of consensual light reflex

e. loss of ipsilateral lacrimation

a.F b.T c.F d.F e.F




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4. The following signs occur in ipsilateral interruption of the cervical

sympathetic trunk :

a. pupillary dilatation

b. enophthalmos

c. ptosis

d. vasodilatation in the skin of the face

e. decreased lacrimation

a.F b.T c.T d.T e.F

5. The effect of sympathetic nervous system include:a. contraction of the bladder detrusor muscle

b pupillary dilatation

c. reduced gastrointestinal motility

d. constricts bronchiole smooth muscle

e. constricts skin and mucous membrane blood vessels

a.F b.T c.T d.F e.T

6. The foll owing are true about acetylchol ine:

a. it is synthesized from acetyl-coenzyme A and choline

b. its formation is catalysed by acetylcholinesterase

c. at the synaptic cleft, it is inactivated by hydrolysis

d. reuptake by the presynaptic neurones play an important in inactivating

acetylcholine

e. acetylcholine receptors are found in all autonomic ganglia

a.T b.F c.T d.F e.T




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7. The foll owing are true about acetylchol ine receptors:

a. receptors at all autonomic ganglia are nicotinic

b. receptors at the skeletal neuromuscular junction are muscarinic

c. acetylcholine receptors in the autonomic ganglia can be selectively blocked

by atropine

d. acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction can be selectively

blocked by tubocurarine

e. pilocarpine is a muscarinic agonist

a.T b.F c.F d.T e.T

8. The following are true about the autonomic nervous system:

a. the preganglionic fibres are mainly myelinated, slow conducting B fibres

b. the postganglionic fibres are mainly unmyelinated C fibres

c. all preganglionic neurones are cholinergic neurons

d. all sympathetic postganglionic neurons are adrengic neurons

e. the postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic pathway is longer than that

of the parasympathetic pathway.

a.T b.T c.T d.F e.T

9. True statements about the foll owing neurotransmitters include:

a. dopamine is formed from tyrosine

b. in the synapse, noradrenaline is inactivated by active reuptake into the

presynpatic terminals

c. noradrenaline is formed by hydroxylation of dopamine

d. noradrenaline is oxidized by monoamine oxidase found in the presynpatic

space

e. serotonin is formed from the amino acid tryptophan

a.T b.T c.T d.F e.T




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10. Stimulation of the chol inergic pathway resul ts in:

a. ciliary muscle contraction

b. a decrease in atrial contractility

c. gall bladder contraction

d. ejaculation

e. contraction of the detrusor muscle

a. T b.T c.T d.F e.T

11. The conduction veloci ty of the nerve f ibres is increased by:

a. decreased temperature b. increased concentration of the external sodium ions

e. increased axon diameter

d. myelination

e. increased serum calcium ions

a.F b.T c.T d.T e.F

12. I n the neurone:

a. the magnitude of the action potential is dependent on the strength of the stimulus

b. impulses can travel in both direction

c. depolarization is accompanied by increased permeability of the cell membrane

to potassium ions

d. during depolarization, the potential of the neurone changes from -70mV to

+40mV

e. the refractory period of the nerve is dependent on the refractory period

a.F b.T c.T d.T e.T




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13. Vagal stimulation increases

a. insulin secretion

b. gastric acid secretion

c. bronchodilatation

d. upper lid retraction

e. bile production

a.T b.T c.F d.F e.T

41. The fol lowing are neurotransmitters at the autonomic post-gangl ionic

nerve endings:a. GABA

b. noradrenaline

c. acetylcholine

d. 5 HT

e. glycine

a.F b.T c.T d.F e.F

15. The following cranial nerves contain parasympathetic outf low

ari sing at the brain stem:

a. optic nerve

b. oculomotor nerve

c. trigeminal nerve

d. facial nerve

e. glossopharyngeal nerve

a.F b.T c.F d.T e.F




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16. The following are true about acetylcholine:

a. it has a strong affinity for nicotinic receptors

b. is derived from acetyl CoA and choline

c. is synthesized by a reaction involving choline

acetyltransferase

d. is inactivated by reuptake

e. is inactivated by hydrolysis to acetyl CoA and choline

a.T b.T c.T d.F e.F

17. The effect of calcium ions on neur otransmitter release at synapses

include:

a. vesicular fusion

b. tonic depolarization of the presynaptic neurone

c. post-tetanic potentiation

d. transport of synaptic vesicles to the presynaptic active

zone of release

e. reuptake of noradrenaline

a.T b.T c.T d.T e.F

18. Nervous control:

A. Involves electrical and chemical signals.

B. Depends on tightly regulated exocytosis.

C. Is always excitatory.

D. Makes use of voltage-operated and ligand-operated channels.

E. Is more rapid when the nerves involved have a small diameter.




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19. Sympathetic nerves:

A. Usually have shorter preganglionic fibres than parasympathetic nerves.

B. Leave the spinal cord in the S2,3,4 region.

C. Release adrenaline from their postganglionic nerve terminals.

D. Release acetylcholine from their preganglionic fibres.

E. Have a positive chronotropic effect on the heart.

20. Noradrenaline:

A. Is synthesized by hydroxylation of dopamine.

B. Is more potent in activating β-adrenoceptors than α-adrenoceptors.

C. Is degraded by monoamine oxidase within the junctional gap between nerve and

target cell.

D. Is released from the adrenal medulla.

E. Release is limited by FEEDBACK inhibition.

21. Neur omuscular transmission in skeletal muscle:

A. Relies on cholinergic stimulation of nicotinic receptors.

B. Is suppressed in low [Ca2+] solutions.

C. Generates an all-or-nothing endplate potential.

D. Is promoted by inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase.

E. Activates a cationic membrane current through ligand-gated channels.

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AANNSS MMCCQQ BBAANNK K ((55)) 1. The part of the nervous system that contains the sensory receptors:

(a) Nerves

(b) PNS

(c) Dorsal roots

(d) Ganglia

2. Alternatively classified as afferent nerve fibers:

(a) Motor nerve fibers

(b) Axon hillocks

(c) All dendrites

(d) Sensory nerve fibers

3. Place where two neurons almost ‘‘clasp together’’:

(a) Synapse

(b) Motor end-plate

(c) Neuromuscular junction

(d) Myelin internode

4. Chemicals that make a postsynaptic neuron less likely to fire an action

potential of its own:

(a) ACh molecules

(b) Excitatory neurotransmitters

(c) Synaptic vesicles

(d) GABA and glycine




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5. The usual firing zone or trigger zone for an action potential:

(a) Neuron soma

(b) Myelin sheath

(c) Node of Ranvier

(d) Axon hillock

6. A stretch of a neuron cell membrane that is not currently conducting

an action potential is accurately described as being:

(a) Resting polarized

(b) An electrical tripole

(c) A neutral dipole

(d) Active depolarized

7. The major central portion of the neuron:

(a) Soma

(b) Dendrite

(c) Axon

(d) Axon terminals

(e) Cytoplasm

8. The radial nerve is an example of a:

(a) Cranial nerve

(b) Peripheral nerve

(c) Spinal nerve

(d) Unmyelinated nerve




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9. Consists of a branching network of spinal nerves L4 and L5, plus S1

through S5:

(a) Conus medullaris

(b) Nodes of Ranvier

(c) Sacral plexus

(d) Sciatic nerve

10. Importantly involved in the ‘‘fight -or- flight’’ response:

(a) Parasympathetic nerves and sweat glands

(b) The pineal gland

(c) Sympathetic nerves and the adrenal medulla

(d) Secretion of lots of progesterone into the bloodstream

11. The spinal cord is considered part of the:

(a) CNS

(b) ANS

(c) PNS

(d) SNS

(e) SOS

12. Afferent nerve fibers always travel:

(a) Away from the brain

(b) Through the spinal cord

(c) Toward the brain

(d) Parallel to the spinal cord

(e) In completely unpredictable patterns




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13. Efferent nerve fibers:

(a) Travel from the heart, toward the spinal cord

(b) Ascend and descend within the CNS

(c) Carry information away from the body of the spinal cord

(d) Are never involved in reflex arcs

(e) Seldom supply any viscera

14. The narrow, saltwater-filled gap between the axon terminals of one

neuron and the cell body and dendrites of another neuron:

(a) Synapse

(b) Node of Ranvier

(c) Motor end-plate

(d) Axon hillock

(e) Neuromuscular junction

15. The neuron whose cell membrane receives neurotransmitter molecules

released from the vesicles of another neuron:

(a) Presynaptic (b) Beta cell

(c) Acinar cell (d) Postsynaptic

(e) Fascicle

16. The axon hillock’s special significance:

(a) Place where synaptic vesicles are stored

(b) Contains the nucleus and most other organelles

(c) Usual site of contact between neurons

(d) Firing zone or trigger zone for a neuron action potential

(e) Place where Baby Heinie exerts his demonic influence




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17 . A neuron cell membrane is described as ‘‘resting polarized’’ w hen:

(a) It is actively conducting a nerve impulse

(b) No ions are crossing through it

(c) The intracellular fluid is a negatively charged pole, while the ECF

is a positively charged pole

(d) The cell is totally incapable of further excitation

(e) The ICF is a positive pole, while the ECF is a negative pole

18. An action potential is best visualized as:

(a) A traveling wave of depolarization

(b) A stationary tree that keeps growing and growing

(c) Some sick giraffe without its spots!

(d) A swarm of charged cations, continually flowing out of the neuron

(e) An arrow flying straight toward its target

19. Myelin has an important role to play in:

(a) Pumping poisonous materials out of nerve cells

(b) Insulating neuron axons from excessive loss of electrical charge

(c) Promoting homeostasis of blood Ca ion concentration

(d) Delivering packets of neurotransmitters

(e) Serving an enzyme-like role in speeding up cellular reactions

20. Nodes of Ranvier:

(a) Represent bead-shaped chunks of the myelin sheath

(b) Permit wave propagation via local circuit currents of ion flow

(c) Are closely modeled by bare copper wires carrying electrons

(d) Make up most of the white matter seen in gross anatomy

(e) Allow impulse movement via saltatory conduction




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21. A common alternative or trade name for the hormone epinephrine:

(a) Norepinephrine

(b) ACh

(c) Synapsin

(d) ACTH

(e) Adrenaline




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ANS MCQ (5) ANSWERS

1. B

2. D

3. A

4. D

5. D

6. A

7. A

8. B

9. C

10. C11. A12. C13. C14. A15. D16. D17. C18. A19. B20. E21. E




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1-

2-

3-




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4-

5-10




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ANS MCQ (6) ANSWERS

1-

2-

3-

4-

5-10




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1. The sympathetic division of the ANS

a. decreases urine output

b. stimulates salivation

c. constricts bronchioles

d. constricts the pupil of the eye

2. When comparing the somatic motor division to the ANS we see that the

a. fibers of the ANS are unmyelinated

b. ANS originates in ganglia outside the CNS

c. ANS always contains 2 neurons in sequence

d. somatic division innervates all three types of muscles

3. The ANS or autonomic nervous system is divided into

a. afferent and efferent divisions

b. sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

c. somatic and motor divisions

d. voluntary and involuntary divisions

4. Exocytosis is a process by which

a. ATP is used by the cell in order to take in food

b. cells move solutes down their concentration gradients

c. ATP is used to secrete cell products

d. ATP is not required but some movement occurs




5. Which of these are found in the CNS?

a. nuclei and nerves

b. ganglia and gray matter

c. nodes of Ranvier and white matter

d. nuclei and tracts

6. At the veterinary clinic, Rufus (your cat) has his blood tested for feline

parvirus as well as for a certain hormone, but neither the virus nor the

hormone is present. Tasha, a pitbull terrier, breaks away from her owner

and runs into the examination room. Your cat reacts, back arched, hair on

end. If a sample of blood were taken now, which hormone would it show?

a. insulin

b. growth hormone (GH)

c. thyroxine

d. epinephrine

7. Parasympathetic stimulation to the heart

a. slows heart rate

b. increases cardiac output

c. increases heart rate

d. is similar to sympathetic stimulation

Ans Mcq Bank

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