AnorexiaAnorexia &&

BulimiaBulimia

ANOREXIAANOREXIA

• AnorexiaAnorexia - - is anis an dangerous dangerous eating disorder eating disorder where people purposely starve themselves to where people purposely starve themselves to become thin. It is become thin. It is characterized by refusal to characterized by refusal to maintain a healthy body weight, and an obsessive maintain a healthy body weight, and an obsessive fear of gaining weightfear of gaining weight.. It is a serious mental It is a serious mental illness with a high incidence of comorbidillness with a high incidence of comorbidityity and and the highest mortality rate of any the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric psychiatric disorderdisorder.. Anorexia is considered to be Anorexia is considered to be psychological disorderpsychological disorder..

ANOREXIAANOREXIA• Signs of anorexia:Signs of anorexia:

- Rapid and dramatic weight Rapid and dramatic weight lossloss

- Obsession with fat content Obsession with fat content and caloriesand calories

- SScarring of the knuckles carring of the knuckles from placing fingers down from placing fingers down the throat to the throat to forceforce vomiting vomiting

- Dieting despite being Dieting despite being dangerously underweight or dangerously underweight or thinthin

- Fear of gaining weight.Fear of gaining weight.

• Causes:Causes:- - Psychological issues Psychological issues (Main (Main

cause)cause)- - Family environment Family environment - - Genetic factorGenetic factorss - - Life transitionsLife transitions- - Perpetuating factorsPerpetuating factors- - Cultural pressuresCultural pressures

ANOREXIAANOREXIA• More on causes:More on causes: - - At this time, no definite cause of anorexia has been At this time, no definite cause of anorexia has been

determined. However, research within the medical and determined. However, research within the medical and psychological fields continues to explore possible causes.psychological fields continues to explore possible causes.

- - Studies suggest that a genetic (inherited) component may Studies suggest that a genetic (inherited) component may play a more significant role in determining a person's play a more significant role in determining a person's susceptibility to anorexiasusceptibility to anorexia. But it is still considered to be a . But it is still considered to be a psychological disorder. psychological disorder.

ANOREXIAANOREXIA

BULIMIABULIMIA• Bulimia is also an eating disorder, it is not as Bulimia is also an eating disorder, it is not as

extreme as anorexia but still a very serious extreme as anorexia but still a very serious psychological disorder. It’s the psychological disorder. It’s the rapid and out-rapid and out-of-control eating, which may stop when the of-control eating, which may stop when the bulimic is interrupted or the stomach hurts bulimic is interrupted or the stomach hurts from overextension, followed by from overextension, followed by forcedforced vomiting vomiting due to the fear of gaining weight.due to the fear of gaining weight.

BULIMIABULIMIA• Signa and symptoms of Signa and symptoms of

Bulimia:Bulimia:- Dehydration cuased by Dehydration cuased by

frequent vomiting.frequent vomiting.- Enlarged glands in the Enlarged glands in the

neck, under the jaw line.neck, under the jaw line.- Perimolysis or the erosion Perimolysis or the erosion

of tooth enamel.of tooth enamel.- Swollen salivary glands.Swollen salivary glands.- Discolored teeth.Discolored teeth.- Lack of control over eating.Lack of control over eating.- Constent, forced vomiting.Constent, forced vomiting.

- Sore throat.Sore throat.- Abdominal pain.Abdominal pain.- Weakness and Weakness and

dizziness.dizziness.- Acid reflux or ulcers.Acid reflux or ulcers.- Loss of menstrual Loss of menstrual

periods.periods.- Ruptured stomach or Ruptured stomach or

esophagus.esophagus.

BULIMIABULIMIA• Causes:Causes:- Low self-esteem: People Low self-esteem: People

who think of themselves as who think of themselves as useless, worthless, and useless, worthless, and unatteactive are at risk of unatteactive are at risk of bulimia.bulimia.

- Poor body image: Media’s Poor body image: Media’s emphasis on beauty and emphasis on beauty and thinness can lead to body thinness can lead to body dissatisfactions particularly dissatisfactions particularly in young women.in young women.

- History of trauma or abuse: History of trauma or abuse: People with bulimia appear People with bulimia appear to have a higher incidence to have a higher incidence of sexual abuse. of sexual abuse.

- Major life changes: Too Major life changes: Too much stress such as much stress such as changes in puberty, going changes in puberty, going away, a break up..etc. can away, a break up..etc. can cause bulimia.cause bulimia.

BULIMIABULIMIA

TREATMENTTREATMENT• All people with anorexia or All people with anorexia or

bulimia need serious bulimia need serious medical treatment or medical treatment or consulting a therapist. consulting a therapist.

• People under the treatment People under the treatment need to be watched need to be watched carefully.carefully.

• Since anorexia and bulimia Since anorexia and bulimia are psychological disorders are psychological disorders and the people who suffer and the people who suffer from these, often think from these, often think there’s nothing wrong with there’s nothing wrong with them, they’re often in them, they’re often in denial about their weight denial about their weight loss, in order to treat these, loss, in order to treat these, the patients must want to the patients must want to change and need lots of change and need lots of support from friends and support from friends and family.family.

Difference between Difference between anorexia and bulimia.anorexia and bulimia.

• People with People with anorexiaanorexia starve themselves, starve themselves, avoid high-calorie foods and exercise avoid high-calorie foods and exercise constantly. People with constantly. People with bulimiabulimia eat large eat large amounts of food, but they throw up soon amounts of food, but they throw up soon after eating, or take laxatives or diuretics after eating, or take laxatives or diuretics (water pills) to keep from gaining weight. (water pills) to keep from gaining weight. People with bulimia don't usually lose as People with bulimia don't usually lose as much weight as people with anorexia.much weight as people with anorexia.

Thanks for Thanks for watching.watching.

Presentation by Nicole BorkowskaPresentation by Nicole Borkowska