ANNUAL REPORT - Virginia Tech · evolutionary needs of the transportation system. And in no area...

ANNUAL REPORT2 0 1 9 F I S C A L Y E A R

Advancing Transportation Through Innovation

ANNUAL REPORT2 0 1 9 F I S C A L Y E A R

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T A B L E O F C O N T E N T SMission & Vision

Message from the Director

Facilities & Institute Infrastructure

Project Highlights

Centers, Groups, & Initiatives

Sponsors, Clients, & Partners

Outreach & Community Engagement

Presentations, Honors, Awards, & Services

Publications

Stakeholders

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03050713415159637991

M I S S I O N & V I S I O N

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The Virginia Tech Transportation Institute

(VTTI) conducts research to save lives, save

time, save money, and protect the environment.

Researchers and students from multiple fields

are continuously developing the techniques and

technologies to solve transportation challenges

from vehicular, driver, infrastructure, and

environmental perspectives.

As one of seven premier research institutes

created by Virginia Tech to answer national

challenges, VTTI has effected significant change

in public policies for driver, passenger, and

pedestrian safety and is advancing the design

of vehicles and infrastructure to increase safety

and reduce environmental impacts.

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MESSAGE FROM T H E D I R E C T O R

T O M D I N G U S ph.d., chfp

Director of VTTIPresident of VTT, LLC

Endowed Professor of Engineering at Virginia Tech

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Enhancing Transportation Through ResearchFor more than 30 years, VTTI has been at the critical juncture of the development and the deployment of transportation initiatives. Our researchers have evaluated the efficacy of pavement materials, lighting design, mobility alternatives, and vehicle design. At each opportunity, we endeavor to determine how these aspects interrelate to human use prior to their implementation in the broader transportation system. Essentially, our goal for more than three decades has been to help our sponsors, clients, and partners from the public and private sectors determine through objective, data-driven research how the transportation community can be made not only more efficient but, above all, safer.

To meet this goal, it is imperative for this institute to look ahead, to anticipate the evolutionary needs of the transportation system. And in no area has the transportation system so drastically changed than in the incorporation of advanced-vehicle technology. An increasing number of production-level vehicles are being rolled out with increasing levels of connectivity and such automated driving systems (ADSs) as lane-keep assist, automatic emergency braking, and adaptive cruise control. With such rapid advancement comes the inevitable question: “When will we all have self-driving cars?” It’s a logical question, and I have no doubt that, when widely deployed, such cars will positively affect safety, mobility, and efficiency. But, our goal at VTTI is to help those invested in the deployment of these advanced technologies ensure their development is performed thoughtfully and responsibly, that it meets the needs of users, and that no unintended consequences occur. Taking such an approach is absolutely necessary, because the technology will develop for some time, and premature deployment will lead to not only lives lost, but an unnecessary “retrenching” that could delay deployment for a number of years, resulting in even more lives lost. That is why we devote our professional lives to working across the public and private sectors to conduct studies and provide research data necessary to the safe development and deployment of advanced-vehicle technologies.

Toward this end, we are working with members in our Automated Mobility Partnership (AMP) to promote the development of tools, techniques, and data resources—including our naturalistic driving studies—to support the development and evaluation of ADS. We are working with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to modify the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) relative to the proper design of vehicles that may not have manually operated driving controls, such as steering wheels or brakes, or even (in some cases) onboard occupants. We are working with nearly 40 other organizations under a NHTSA contract to consider electronics safe reliability, cybersecurity, vehicle automation, and related human factors. We are providing hands-on opportunities for next-generation engineers, researchers, and designers through our new InternHUB initiative, which fosters collaborations between industry partners, VTTI researchers, and leading students from Virginia Tech.

These are but a handful of examples of the work being conducted at VTTI by an industry-leading team of research faculty, staff, and students. To learn more about what we have accomplished during Fiscal Year 2019, please continue reading.

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FACILITIESi n s t i t u t e i n f r a s t r u c t u r e

SURFACE STREET

LIVE ROADWAY CONNECTOR RURAL ROADWAY EXPANSION

HIGHWAY SECTION

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VTTI has an infrastructure worth more than

$120 million that includes multiple test beds

used extensively for real-world, impactful

transportation research across both broad and

edge-and-corner scenarios; more than 120,000

square feet of building space in Blacksburg and

Alton, Va.; and more than 100 owned and leased

instrumented vehicles, including connected-

automated light and heavy vehicles. VTTI also

recently purchased an autonomous micro-transit

shuttle that has been instrumented and deployed

for a variety of automation research projects.

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01. Test Beds Headquartered at VTTI, the Virginia Smart Road is a controlled-access facility managed by the institute and owned and maintained by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT). The road is built to Federal Highway Administration specifications and features seven roadside equipment units and two mobile roadside equipment sites that facilitate connected-vehicle communications; an optical fiber communication system; Ethernet fiber transceivers and Ethernet switches; a connected-vehicle-compatible intersection controller model; varying pavement sections and in-pavement sensors; 75 weather-making towers capable of producing snow, rain, and fog; a differential GPS base station for precise vehicle locating; a signalized intersection with complete signal phase and timing control; a wireless mesh network variable control system; and variable pole spacing designed to replicate more than 90% of national highway lighting systems.

In 2017, the institute held a ribbon cutting/groundbreaking ceremony with partners VDOT and Virginia Tech to unveil four unique expansion projects, each building upon the Smart Road testing capabilities and now collectively known as the Virginia Smart Roads: 1) The Surface Street, which features a residential/urban layout with real and reconfigurable buildings, roundabout/stop-controlled intersections, automation-compatible pavement markings, and connectivity to the Smart Road; 2) The Live Roadway Connector, providing a seamless transition between live traffic and the closed

test tracks of the Smart Roads while bringing the total length of the highway section to 2.5 miles; 3) The Rural Roadway (Phase 1 opening Fall 2019, Phase II opening Summer 2020), which will be the first of its kind to facilitate advanced-vehicle testing on a controlled rural roadway environment, with hilly, winding roads; short site distances; and infrastructure built to 1965 standards; and 4) The Automation Hub, located on-site at the Virginia Smart Roads and facilitating short turnaround projects focused on advanced-vehicle testing in collaboration with VTTI researchers, industry leaders, and Virginia Tech students, among others.

FACILITIES

v i r g i n i a s m a r t r o a d s

HIGHWAY (2.5 MILES LONG)ability to create rain, snow, fog, and ice

SURFACE STREET SECTION reconfigurable urban test bed

RURAL ROADWAY EXPANSION first of its kind to test advanced vehicles in a controlled rural environment

LIVE ROADWAY CONNECTOR allows seamless transitions between livetraffic and controlled test beds

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The Virginia Smart Roads are designed to complement the public testing capabilities offered by the Virginia Connected and Automated Corridors. In 2014, VTTI partnered with VDOT to unveil the Virginia Connected Corridors (VCC), which comprise the Smart Road and Interstates 66 and 495, as well as U.S. 29 and U.S. 50 (i.e., one of the most congested corridors in the U.S.). The VCC is facilitating the real-world development and deployment of connected-vehicle technology via dedicated short-range communications and cellular technology. Using more than 60 roadside equipment units (RSEs) located along the corridors, VDOT and researchers from multiple institutes across the Commonwealth are implementing connected applications that include traveler information, lane closure alerts, and work zone and incident management.

VTTI partnered with VDOT, Transurban, the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles, and HERE (a high-definition mapping business) to unveil the Virginia Automated Corridors (VAC) in 2015. This initiative provides an automation-friendly environment that auto manufacturers, government agencies, and suppliers can use to test and certify their systems, providing a system migration path from test-track to real-world operating environments. The VAC leverages extensive

experience in on-road safety research to provide efficient solutions to automated-vehicle testing. The VAC was developed in answer to the Virginia governor’s 2015 proclamation declaring Virginia “open for business” in the realm of automated vehicles. The proclamation allows the testing of any automated vehicle on Virginia roads under the guidance of VTTI. The Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles will support research efforts performed by VTTI in accordance with the proclamation. With assistance from the Commonwealth of Virginia, the VAC will advance the development, testing, and deployment of automated-vehicle technology, with the ultimate goal of helping stakeholders create robust automated and autonomous vehicles.

Faculty and students associated with the USDOT-awarded Safety through Disruption National University Transportation Center (Safe-D National UTC)—a consortium led by VTTI with partners Texas A&M Transportation Institute and San Diego State University— have access to the Virginia Smart Roads and the VAC/VCC to perform research into disruptive technologies, such as automated and connected vehicles, big data analytics, and transportation as a service. Current UTC projects include assessing the impacts of connected-vehicle technology on automated-vehicle safety, developing a connected smart vest for improved roadside work zone safety, using disruptive technologies to support safety analyses, modeling driver responses during automated-vehicle failures, and determining the safety perceptions of transportation network companies by the blind and visually impaired.

THE 15 ,000-SQUARE-FOOT AUTOMATION

HUB INCLUDES A FIVE-BAY GARAGE, A

MACHINE AND WELDING WORKSHOP, AND

AN EXTENSIVE TOOL SET

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FACILITIES02. Blacksburg Facilities The traditional laboratories at VTTI are housed in four buildings totaling more than 90,000 square feet. Building I is 30,000 square feet and houses office, laboratory, and garage facilities. Low-service laboratories include facilities dedicated to driver interface development, eye-glance data reduction, lighting research, accident analysis, accident database analysis, pavement research, and traffic simulation. The National Surface Transportation Safety Center for Excellence building comprises 22,000 square feet of office and laboratory space. VTTI expanded its on-site capacity by 7,000 square feet of warehouse space and housing for a paint booth facility and a lighting lab. An additional 24,400 square-foot annex was opened in 2013 to support the continuing growth of VTTI.

To supplement and support the research endeavors of the institute, facilities feature a fully staffed garage and machine shop to instrument experimental vehicles. Technicians and engineers use full-scale machine and welding shops, electronics laboratories, and garage facilities to customize transportation hardware and software designed to collect large amounts of data. These facilities are also used to support the maintenance and expansion of the Smart Roads systems and capabilities. Additionally, VTTI occupies an adjacent

seven-bay, 12,600-square-foot garage. This facility is used to store the VTTI instrumented vehicle fleet and the equipment necessary for research and Smart Roads operations.

Information Technology at VTTI provides end-to-end systems development and support that enable and enhance the research mission and vision of the institute. Services provided include support for daily information technologies, comprehensive computational and data analytics systems engineering, information security expertise, advanced application development, computational systems administration, and database administration.

VTTI IT experts continually work with research groups to develop and optimize solutions that support ongoing projects and research, establish data analysis pipelines for production-level research, and create custom solutions for special projects. IT is the core of the data-intensive research program at VTTI, with “Big Data” computational and storage infrastructure leveraging four data center facilities. The main VTTI facility houses systems to support institute operations and provides network segmentation to secure data reduction labs and a secure data enclave. A second data center located at the Virginia Tech Andrews Information Systems Building houses the bulk of the VTTI high-performance computational, database,

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and storage operations. Computational systems in the Andrews facility can also be dynamically configured to virtually reside within the VTTI secure network, creating an “Algorithmic Enclave.” Additional data centers at Steger Hall on the Virginia Tech campus and at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute in Roanoke, Va., provide redundancy and operate to ensure data retention and resiliency. Continually growing capacities include a 4.2 PB database and associated storage, 10.2 PB Network Attached Storage (NAS), and 7 PB archive storage. Compute processing is driven by 1,920 cores and 37 Graphical Processing Units (GPUs).

03. Southern Virginia Facilities Affiliated with VTTI and Virginia Tech is the Global Center for Automotive Performance Simulation (GCAPS), located in Alton, Va. GCAPS is a world-class facility that provides revolutionary services for both vehicle and tire, including testing, simulation, and modeling. GCAPS comprises the National Tire Research Center (NTRC), the Southern Virginia Vehicle Motion Labs (SoVa Motion), and the Virtual Design and Integration Laboratory (VDIL). Collectively, these initiatives provide the full range of services essential for creating a more dynamic product through both virtual and physical development. GCAPS also works closely with amateur, semi-pro, and pro race teams to provide cutting-edge services that help race cars perform at the top levels.

Located adjacent to GCAPS is the Virginia International Raceway, to which VTTI has access for the performance of connected and automated projects in a multi-use

testing environment that includes both closed-course and open traffic conditions. The raceway track can be configured to five different courses ranging from 1.1 miles to 6.8 miles and includes such topography as hairpin curves and blind passes.

04. Accelerated Pavement Testing VDOT and VTTI launched an accelerated pavement testing program in 2015, which uses a heavy-vehicle simulator that continuously applies a weighted load to test pavements for several months. This testing simulates the natural wear and tear caused by heavy trucks on road surfaces. The program is expected to result in cost savings in road maintenance and will enable VDOT to determine how different pavement designs and materials respond to load testing prior to integration on the road. Since its inception in 2015, the program has resulted in nearly $2.16 million in expenditures.

05. VTTI Vehicle Fleet The VTTI vehicle fleet is uniquely instrumented for specific experiments. Researchers use the vehicle fleet for Smart Roads tests, and experimental test vehicles are used to develop new instrumentation packages and complement research endeavors. Several of the vehicles are long-term loaners from vehicle manufacturers, VDOT, and other partnering organizations. All vehicles are maintained in-house when possible with fully functional garages and a machine shop. Loaned vehicles are maintained in cooperation with the organization that provided the vehicle.

12C O N T R O L R O O M A U TO M AT I O N H U B

PROJECTh i g h l i g h t s

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01. In September 2017, a VTTI-led team was awarded $4.9 million to provide

the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) with research findings relative to options regarding technical translations of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS). These include performance requirements, test procedures, and related Office of Vehicle Safety Compliance test procedures based on potential unnecessary/unintended regulatory barriers identified for self-certification and compliance verification of innovative new vehicle designs that may appear in vehicles equipped with automated driving systems (ADS). The FMVSS Considerations for Vehicles with Automated Driving Systems project is focused on vehicles that may not have manually operated driving controls (e.g., steering wheels, brakes) and may or may not have onboard occupants. The first phase of this project will finish during FY20, with a second phase expected to be awarded and research continuing through July 2021. More information about the project and related stakeholder meetings can be found at https://vtti.vt.edu/fmvss/.

02.VTTI continued to collaborate with 38 various organizations, including

Booz Allen Hamilton, Bosch, Continental, GM, Google, Honda, Mercedes-Benz, Nissan, Southwest Research Institute, and Volkswagen/Audi. Together, they work under the NHTSA Vehicle Electronic Systems Safety IDIQ contract. This team was organized to respond to all aspects of the NHTSA project, including

electronics safe reliability, vehicle automation, cybersecurity, and related human factors considerations. To date, VTTI has received awards of more than $16.4 million under this contract.

03. VTTI continued to propose task orders released under a contract

from the Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academy of Sciences potentially worth an initial $2 million, with the possibility of additional funds. The task orders are designed to: 1) Identify critical issues associated with connected and automated vehicles that state and local transportation agencies and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) will face, 2) Conduct research to address those issues, and 3) Conduct related technology transfer and information exchange activities. VTTI is completing work on the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 20-102(07) Implications of Automation for Motor Vehicle Codes, which explored the impact of automated driving systems on motor vehicle codes and other related domains.

04. The VTTI Automated Mobility Partnership (AMP) program was

officially launched in 2018. This program brings together 13 industry leaders and aims to promote the development of tools, techniques, and data resources to support the development and evaluation of ADS. AMP is leveraging the naturalistic driving data housed at VTTI to develop a scenario library of crashes, near-crashes,

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and epochs. Data analytic techniques are then applied to inform decision making in different scenarios with rates of occurrence (e.g., identify prevalence) and descriptive kinematic analysis (e.g., parameter and measurement variances). Additionally, virtual tools are being used to reconstruct the scenarios to support the development and evaluation of ADS performance.

05.VTTI and partners Texas A&M Transportation Institute and San

Diego State University — with support from VDOT — continued to conduct cutting-edge research via the Safety through Disruption National University Transportation Center (Safe-D UTC). The Safe-D UTC entails a planned $2.8 million per year in federal funding for five years, funding the study of how best to maximize the safety benefits of integrating technologies such as automation and connectivity into the transportation system. Motivated by an overall desire to promote safety on U.S. roadways, the Safe-D UTC focuses on three key areas:

1: Performing innovative research that is led by the largest consortium of transportation safety researchers in the nation and is largely focused on advanced-vehicle technologies, transportation as a service, and “big data” analytics2: Education/workforce development3: Sharing research findings with the broader transportation community through a robust technical transfer

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process.

The Safe-D UTC award is representative of the hard work and dedication VTTI researchers have collectively put into studying the future of transportation. It provides a continued opportunity to work toward the safe and efficient development and deployment of the next generation of vehicles and technologies, inform national discourse about how best to mitigate rapidly growing transportation challenges, offer students unique hands-on experience in the field of transportation research, and provide more opportunities in the workforce.

06.VTTI continued to serve an integral role in the Virginia Tech Intelligent

Infrastructure initiative, particularly in the area of advanced-vehicle research and development. In partnership with VDOT, the institute is expanding its Smart Road testing capabilities. The Surface Street Expansion and Live Roadway Connector were both completed during FY18, and completion of the first two phases of the Rural Roadway expansion is anticipated during FY20. Collectively, the expansions are dubbed the Virginia Smart Roads and will facilitate edge-and-corner, tailored, advanced, unique test-bed options for self-driving ground vehicles.

07.The Virginia Smart Roads also includes the Automation Hub,

located adjacent to the Surface Street expansion. The Automation Hub houses advanced-vehicle initiatives to facilitate cutting-edge collaborations focused on advanced-vehicle research and ongoing development. The Automation Hub also serves as home to the InternHUB program, which was initiated with soft-start partner Continental Automotive. The InternHUB fosters collaboration between industry partners, VTTI researchers, and leading students from Virginia Tech. Student interns work for industry partners while in Blacksburg through collaborative sponsored research with VTTI faculty. Each summer, the interns leave Blacksburg for positions at their respective industry employer for a direct integration into the company’s business and engineering processes.

08.VTTI continued to develop relationships with both public

and private sponsors. This year, VTTI initiated several new relationships with proprietary sponsors, which are likely to result in continued funding in future years.

09.VTTI concluded work on a contract sponsored by NHTSA to study how

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automation change how drivers interact and use partial vehicle automation with different capabilities. This unique project uses a vehicle customized by VTTI that operates at different capability levels to manipulate capability independently of driver expectation.

10.In conjunction with VDOT, VTTI continued to expand the capability

and utility of the Virginia Connected and Automated Corridors (VCC/VAC), with expenditures during FY19 of more than $738,000, which includes VTTI’s contribution ($4.86 million from inception to date). VTTI extended the VCC architecture to support the broadcast of signal phasing and timing data for 30 intersections on the Route 7, US 29, and US 50 corridors in Arlington County, Va. VTTI also added a real-time process that makes VCC data available to the VDOT smarterroads.org public data-sharing website.

11.In partnership with VDOT, VTTI created a proof-of-concept work

zone builder (WZB) application. The WZB is a tablet application that allows VDOT work zone inspectors, as well as construction contractors, to lay out their work zone designs over a photo map while suggesting placement of various work zone features based on the requirements of the Virginia Work Area Protection manual. WZB compiles the completed work zone design into a data package that is published to the VCC Cloud, where it can be made available to connected and automated vehicles and

will fulfill the requirements for VDOT work zone management. The proof-of- concept WZB is being used to provide specifics for a fully featured version 1.0 of the application.

12.VTTI procured and installed a real-time kinematic GPS correction

system on the VCC in Northern Virginia to support higher accuracy GPS data. The system provides additional GPS information to GPS receivers, enabling greater accuracy in location coordinates. The GPS real-time kinematic system will be used by VTTI to support demonstrations and research activities that require greater accuracy, such as lane-level connected-vehicle applications and pedestrian applications.

13.Following successful completion of the Advanced Message Concept

Development project conducted with the Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP), VTTI was awarded the Event Data Configurable Message project. This project aims to develop and evaluate connected-vehicle message architecture for flexible vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications.

14.Virginia Tech is one of 13 universities globally that have a

preferred status for conducting research with Ford through the Ford Alliance program. A VTTI researcher acts as the Ford Alliance manager for Virginia Tech, helping coordinate Ford PI/Virginia Tech PI matchmaking and the development and submission of proposals from PIs

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across campus that ultimately compete for Ford research funding. During FY19, VTTI/Virginia Tech were awarded $3.6 million in contracts under this program.

15.VTTI continued to serve as a subcontractor to Morgan State

University on its Tier 1 UTC, Urban Mobility & Equity Center (UMEC). UMEC is federally funded as a Tier 1 research center through the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation (FAST) Act. UMEC seeks to bolster the scientific foundation and discern equity implications for policies that focus on urban mobility. UMEC will contribute to the body of knowledge on which planning and policies are based by researching transit/paratransit and freight planning and operations; buyers’ acceptance, affordability, and government promotion of connected and automated vehicles; and the distribution of transportation costs and benefits, including user fees and taxes. Research focus areas include increasing access to opportunities, smart cities, novel modes of transport, systems integration, analytical tools to optimize movement, and regional planning.

16.VTTI was awarded one competitive project as part of UMEC, focused

on devising eco-driving strategies for hybrid electric vehicles.

17.VTTI was awarded a Ford effort on developing tools to evaluate

the mutual interdependencies and interactions of transportation and communication systems.

18.The Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) and VTTI completed work on

an ARPA-E-funded project developing the Collaborative Optimization and Planning Transportation Energy Reduction control architecture. The architecture represents a complete solution for the TRANSNET goal, with comprehensive transportation network modeling, a decision-theoretic approach for system optimization, and explicit human behavior and influence modeling to maximize real-world impact. This project leverages PARC competencies in model-based control of complex systems and human cognitive modeling, the recognized leadership of VTTI in transportation modeling and control, and substantial incumbency of Xerox as a provider of transportation service solutions to U.S. cities to create a project that is meaningful, executable, and transitionable.

19.VTTI continued its work on a U.S. Department of Energy project

to develop a novel Eco-Cooperative Automated Control (Eco-CAC) system that integrates vehicle dynamics control with connected- and automated-vehicle applications. The approach is revolutionary in that it develops a next-generation, vehicle dynamics-controlled connected- and automated-vehicle system that builds on existing connected- and automated-vehicle technologies to reduce the energy/fuel consumption of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), battery-only electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and hybrid electric vehicles

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(HEVs). The development of the Eco-CAC system will involve the following key steps and components: 1) Develop a connected-vehicle eco-routing controller that can be used with the above vehicle types. This unique eco-router will compute vehicle routings optimized for the individual user and entire system. 2) Develop a speed harmonization controller that regulates the flow of traffic approaching bottlenecks in the network. This controller will be fully integrated with the vehicle router, resulting in a unique strategic controller that can route traffic away from congested areas and regulate the flow of traffic entering congested areas. 3) Develop a multi-modal (ICEVs, BEVs, PHEVs, and HEVs) Eco-Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control-I (Eco-CACC-I) controller that computes and implements optimum vehicle trajectories along multi-intersection roadways in consideration of dynamic vehicle queue predictions. 4) Develop an Eco-CACC-U controller that provides local longitudinal energy-optimal control in consideration of the homogenous and non-homogeneous vehicle platooning of ICEVs, BEVs, PHEVs, and HEVs.

20.VTTI continued to work with the Federal Highway Administration

(FHWA) and AASHTO to provide data sets and support to several state department of transportation research teams working on Phase III Implementation Assistance Program projects. The goal of these efforts is to identify safety problems and generate countermeasures that reduce risk and prevalence. As these

projects move into the implementation phase, deployment of research-driven countermeasures to improve traffic safety is expected.

21.VTTI worked with FHWA to provide data sets to several research teams

working in the second phase of the FHWA Broad Agency Announcement related to traffic safety countermeasures. These efforts have transitioned from a pilot research phase into full investigations and continue to leverage the VTTI naturalistic driving data to decrease risks across all roadway users.

22.As part of its role as operator of the Second Strategic Highway

Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study (SHRP 2 NDS) data set, VTTI provided data to support dozens of research projects, primarily geared toward advancing transportation safety, as sponsored and performed by academic institutions, state departments of transportation, the federal government, research organizations, as well as private industry partners. VTTI is in the planning stages for the next phase in the operation of this data set, which will begin in April 2020.

23.VTTI was awarded additional projects to increase accessibility

to and improve the research value of the SHRP 2 NDS data. These projects include de-identification of trip origin and destination, integrating weather data with NDS data, and developing an NDS machine-learning data set. Work continued on past related projects

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intended to allow for remote access to some data and cataloging of eye-glance behaviors during crashes, near-crashes, and sample periods of normal driving within the SHRP 2 NDS.

24.VTTI continued to operate its own Dataverse repository, providing

indexing, citation, and storage for transportation data sets generated within the initiatives of the institute. The repository provides direct access to dozens of data sets, along with metadata for more than 100 data sets that can be accessed after a data use license is executed by the interested researchers.

25.Institute researchers continued work with the FHWA to provide

support and expand the capabilities of a secure data enclave at the Safety Training and Analysis Center, which allows secure access to the SHRP 2 NDS data for federal employees, state departments of transportation, and their research partners. Work undertaken during FY19 is expected to expand access within the center to include the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Supervised Practice Driving Study.

26.ISO Technical Report ISO/TR 21974-1:2018: Naturalistic

Driving Studies – Vocabulary – Part 1: Safety critical events was published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The report provides a standard vocabulary for coding the characteristics of safety-critical events (e.g., crashes, near-crashes) occurring in naturalistic driving studies,

thereby creating a common terminology for monitoring, coding, and analyzing naturalistic driving data. The ISO Road Vehicle Ergonomics subcommittee—on which several VTTI researchers serve as contributing members—continues work in this area and is currently preparing an updated technical report to add a vocabulary for the assessment of driver behaviors and conditions.

27.ISO Technical Report ISO/TR 21959-1:2018: Road Vehicles – Human

Performance and State in the Context of Automated Driving – Part 1: Common Underlying Concepts was published by the ISO. The report introduces basic common underlying concepts related to driver performance and state in the context of automated driving. VTTI contributes to this task force as a co-convener and is currently supporting efforts for a second part to this technical report, to be published in 2020.

28.ISO Technical Report ISO/TR 23049:2018: Road Vehicles –

Ergonomic Aspects of External Visual Communication from Automated Vehicles to Other Road Users was published by the ISO. VTTI contributed to this technical report, which provides guidance for developers of visual external communication systems for automated vehicles.

29.Under the guidance of a VTTI faculty member, a group of Virginia Tech

engineering graduate students won the international championship for the 2019 Collegiate Student Safety Technology

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Design Competition (SSTDC), hosted by NHTSA in the Netherlands. A panel of vehicle safety engineering experts from around the world awarded the students for their rear-end collision safety feature, called Pre Rear-End Positioning and Risk Extenuation System (PREPARES). When an imminent collision is detected via an algorithm, PREPARES beeps and flashes a bright light across the top of the windshield as a warning to the driver and passengers. The alert prompts vehicle occupants to sit upright and face forward in the seconds prior to impact, thereby reducing the severity of whiplash and other soft tissue injuries.

30.VDOT and VTTI continued its accelerated pavement testing

program, which uses a heavy-vehicle simulator that continuously applies a weighted load to test pavements for several months. This testing simulates the natural wear and tear caused by heavy trucks on road surfaces. The program is expected to result in cost savings in road maintenance and will enable VDOT to determine how different pavement designs and materials respond to load testing prior to integration on the road. Since its inception in 2015, the program has resulted in approximately $2.16 million in expenditures.

31.In partnership with VDOT, VTTI initiated and is leading a $3

million pooled-fund project that is supporting the implementation of traffic speed deflectometers (TSDDs) across the United States. To facilitate effective implementation of TSDDs and incorporation of the TSDD data into pavement management decision making, the research team is developing guidance on: 1) Data collection protocols, 2) Data interpretation guidelines for network- and project-level applications, and 3) Development of a framework to implement continuous deflection measurements as part of the agency’s pavement management system.

32.VTTI has partnered with the Virginia Transportation Research

Council (VTRC) to instrument and monitor a section on Interstate 64 to quantify the response of recycled pavement sections subjected to known loadings and to monitor the performance for one year. This will facilitate a better understanding of the behavior of the recycled materials and facilitate their use throughout the state.

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33.VTTI was awarded a VDOT project to document the early

functional and structural performances of various pavement recycling projects in Virginia and to quantify the life-cycle cost and environmental benefits of different treatments in comparison with traditional rehabilitation approaches.

34.VTTI was selected to develop a pilot pavement friction

management program for the North Dakota Department of Transportation under Pavement Surface Properties Consortium – Managing the Pavement Properties for Improved Safety.

35.VTTI began work in collaboration with several departments across

campus to develop a health and injury control center in 2014. This evolving center is designed to enhance research opportunities that promote driver health and wellness and reduce injuries. To date, collaborating departments include Fralin; Psychology; Biomedical Engineering; Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise; the Virginia Tech Center for Autism Research; Computer Science; Gerontology; Construction; the Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute; the Virginia Tech Child Study Center; and the Virginia Tech Child Development Center. During FY19, faculty and researchers working under this initiative submitted white papers and proposals to several organizations, including the Center for Transformative Research on Health Behaviours, the Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program, NSTSCE, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), NIH, the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the NCHRP of the TRB, and the Federal Transit Administration (FTA). Through these efforts, the team continues to search for funding opportunities and possible collaborations.

36.Institute researchers collaborated with Virginia Tech departments,

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including Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, to foster dual appointment opportunities among VTTI faculty where strategically advantageous. Four VTTI researchers now hold such appointments, with a fifth dual appointment anticipated during FY20.

37.VTTI continued as a subcontractor to North Carolina A&T State

University on its Tier 1 Center for Advanced Transportation Mobility (CATM) UTC. CATM is a consortium consisting of three higher education institutions: North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (lead), Virginia Tech, and Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University – Daytona Beach. These institutions collaborate on projects focused on identifying solutions to mobility concerns within two primary areas:

1) Enabling safe and efficient mobility for vulnerable road users2) Optimizing mobility in emergencies

The center conducts research, outreach, and educational activities to address the transportation needs of an extremely broad spectrum of the U.S. population, thereby helping the nation maintain its competitive advantage in the global economy. VTTI researchers are leading CATM UTC studies focused on providing first- and last-mile connectivity for vulnerable road users (VRUs); providing an application development platform to assist VRUs in moving through any

space from a current location to a destination; and surveying VRUs to better understand their unique mobility problems, perspectives, needs, and hoped-for solutions.

38.VTTI continued to work with the University of Alabama at

Birmingham (UAB) and the NIH-National Eye Institute on a naturalistic driving study assessing vision impairment among older drivers. Driving is a highly visual task, and older adults have a high prevalence of vision impairment compared to other ages. Most studies addressing visual risk factors for MVCs by older drivers use vehicle accident reports as the primary outcome, an approach that has several methodological limitations. Naturalistic driving research methods overcome these challenges and involve installing a high-tech yet unobtrusive data acquisition system (DAS) in an older driver’s own vehicle, operating whenever the vehicle is turned on. The DAS continuously records multi-channel video of driver and roadway, sensor-based kinematics, GPS location, and presence of nearby objects in front of the vehicle, providing an objective measure of driving exposure (miles driven), which are all recorded onto a data drive in the DAS. In this naturalistic driving study, the purpose is to examine the relationship between seniors’ vision and crashes and near-crashes, lane-keeping, turning at intersections, driving performance during secondary task demands, and the role of front-seat passengers. Results of the on-

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road driving evaluation are compared to objective indicators of driving safety derived from the naturalistic data. Data collection for this project was completed in November 2018; analysis efforts are ongoing.

39.VTTI researchers with the Safe-D UTC examined senior drivers’

adaptation to mixed-level automated vehicles. The aging of society will continue to impact all of society’s major institutions in a variety of ways for decades to come. Major areas that will be affected include finance, housing, health, and transportation. Automated-vehicle technology has the potential to assist older drivers by reducing exposure to hazards. Such technology can help compensate for declining functional health and related abilities often seen in seniors (e.g., cognition, perception, psychomotor skill, and physical abilities such as strength, balance, flexibility, stamina, and reaction time). However, this can only work if technology designers, policy makers, and other stakeholders fully consider the needs and feelings of this growing cohort. The objective of the proposed project is to examine seniors’ attitudes toward automated-vehicle technology prior to any substantive exposure or use, then again after having

the opportunity to explore and use automated-vehicle technology in the real world for six weeks. Participants were asked to complete before/after and weekly surveys and contribute to focus group sessions. Analysis efforts are underway, and the results and data will be productized and shared with key stakeholders.

40.VTTI continued to collaborate with the University of New

South Wales (UNSW) on the Australian Naturalistic Driving Study. Led by researchers at the Transport and Road Safety Group at UNSW and Monash University Accident Research Centre, the Australian consortium supporting this research effort also included funders and stakeholders from the central government and a broad array of industry partners. The goals for this effort are to document normative driving behaviors in Australia and to investigate the interactions of motor vehicles with bicyclists and pedestrians. VTTI continues to support data analysis activities for this project.

41.VTTI collaborated with researchers from the Texas A&M Transportation

Institute and partners in the rideshare industry to identify factors that affect when parents of young children use or R

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do not use child safety seats in rideshare vehicles. This information is being used to create an informational website designed to educate both parents and rideshare drivers about existing laws and regulations across the country, as well as the benefits and guidelines for usage of child safety seats. The final report is currently under revision, and a journal article is in preparation. Additionally, the research team conducted significant media outreach for the project.

42.VTTI worked with researchers at the University of Virginia to

investigate the driving performance of newly licensed teen drivers with autism compared to newly licensed drivers without autism and experienced adult drivers. This study uses a unique dual-methodology interface, where the same participants drive in a driving simulator followed by driving an instrumented vehicle on a similar course on real roads. Results have been analyzed, and multiple journal articles have been submitted or are in preparation.

43. VTTI partnered with the University of Michigan Transportation

Research Institute and Chalmers University on a project sponsored by the Automobile Alliance that is evaluating various epidemiological methods of estimating crash risk using naturalistic driving data. The final project report was submitted in November 2018, and the research team is working on several additional publications.

44.VTTI researchers worked with the Transportation Association

of Canada and the Canadian Council of Deputy Ministers of Transport to develop a website for the Canada Naturalistic Driving Study. This website provides a public portal to allow researchers and interested safety professionals a method to assess what type of data are available within this public data set, as well as a query tool to assess not only the type of data but also the quantity of data available within this naturalistic driving data set.

45.VTTI researchers conducted additional data coding to better

assess parent/teen interactions and secondary task engagement by teen drivers using the Uniform Naturalistic Teenage Driving Database. This additional data coding was performed by VTTI researchers in collaboration with researchers at the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development and EMMES, Corp. Data reduction is complete, with plans to pursue additional funding for analysis.

46.VTTI researchers evaluated the prevalence of the engagement of

driver assistance systems by drivers and secondary task engagement and errors when using driver assistance systems. This work is sponsored by the State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company. Data reduction is complete, and the research team is working on data analysis and a final report to be submitted in October 2019.

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47.The impact of driver monitoring and feedback on teen driver secondary

task engagement was evaluated for an NSTSCE project. This study used the Driver Coach Study database where case-cohort control segments were identified and coded by trained data coders. Using these newly coded data, the prevalence of secondary task engagement was evaluated as compared to the control study, which indicated a decrease in high-risk secondary tasks in the presence of a monitoring and feedback system. Analysis for the project is complete, and a final report has been submitted to NSTSCE for review.

48.An onboard multimedia training program was developed by VTTI

researchers to teach drivers about the automated-vehicle systems that are present and available on a vehicle. This multimedia presentation used a tablet display on the center stack and an instrument panel display. This project was conducted for the Safe-D UTC.

49.VTTI completed an FMCSA project to research how developers of

highly automated commercial vehicles (HACVs) and their applications can ensure safe testing and deployment. VTTI used existing performance data from commercial vehicle drivers to develop performance baselines that may be applied to future HACVs. These baselines are specific to both operational domains in which HACVs are expected to be deployed and how their capabilities are expected to develop. The investigation assessed which drivers should be used to

define a baseline across each operational design domain and different vehicle conflict types (i.e., low-level conflicts, near-crashes, and crashes). VTTI also investigated how developers plan to ensure sensor integrity and performance, how vehicle maintenance and inspection will be handled, and the roles FMCSA may have in these processes.

50.VTTI completed an FMCSA project to research the barriers

that are limiting the adoption of automatic emergency braking (AEB) technology on commercial vehicles. This technology has the potential to mitigate or prevent heavy-vehicle crashes and reduce fatalities on U.S. roadways. VTTI investigated both technology barriers and market barriers that affect fleets’ perceptions, return on investment, and decision making on AEB. VTTI also developed strategies for overcoming those barriers to accelerate the adoption of AEB systems.

51.VTTI continued working with NHTSA to acquire approval from

the U.S. Office of Management and Budget to proceed with the Field Study of Newer Generation Heavy Vehicle AEB Systems, which was originally awarded in September 2016. Once approval is acquired, VTTI will instrument data recorders on 150 heavy vehicles equipped with AEB systems during revenue-producing operations. The study will use the data to evaluate real-world performance, understand how drivers interact with the systems, and provide data for modeling the safety benefits of

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the technology.

52.VTTI partnered with San Diego State University to develop

models for predicting individual crash involvement based on various driver characteristics—such as driving style, demographics, behavioral history—using naturalistic driving data. The project also involved collaborations with Delft University in The Netherlands and the driving analytics company SmartDrive. The research team identified enduring personality characteristics and behaviors of drivers to predict the likelihood of future crashes and high-risk behaviors.

53.VTTI collaborated with NSTSCE to investigate truck following

distances and car cut-in behavior in naturalistic conditions. Cut-in is often mentioned as one of the possible hurdles for wide-scale deployment of truck platoons. Even if a platooning application can safely handle cut-ins, they can disrupt the platoon and greatly reduce benefits in terms of fuel savings, safety, and transport efficiency. This project used existing naturalistic driving data housed at VTTI to study car cut-in behavior. A cut-in detection algorithm based on the radar data was developed. A major focus of this study is analyzing the gap between the lead vehicle and the host vehicle (i.e., subject vehicle of the study) before and during cut-in events to quantify the probability of a possible cut-in during real traffic. The project also investigates how a cut-in event changes the behavior of a following vehicle and

the potential safety concerns related to such behaviors.

54.VTTI is leading an FTA-funded research project with the New

York City Transit Department of Buses. This project is designed to enhance pedestrian, bicyclist, and vehicle operator safety by identifying the limitations of current mirror configurations that accommodate a range of operators.The project will lead to the development of a uniform set of guidelines for low-floor transit buses and demonstrate a mirror solution set in New York City.

55.VTTI is partnering with Pierce Transit, the Washington State

Transit Insurance Pool, and the University of Washington on a project funded by FTA to demonstrate collision avoidance performance on buses in Washington. As a subcontractor, VTTI will evaluate driver attitudes and trust in warning-only collision avoidance systems and evaluate the systems in a sample of real-world active braking system avoidance events. The methods will include comparing longitudinal driver reports to system alert records and collecting/measuring the motion of unrestrained passengers on buses with and without active braking.

56.VTTI developed a tool to help fleets calculate the ROI on advanced

safety technologies. This ROI tool is a customizable calculator that allows fleets to enter information about their own operations (or use national averages if they are unsure) to understand the

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ROI that different technologies may have within a five-year window. The purpose of this study is to create a web-based version of the calculator to ease dissemination efforts and to eliminate complexity associated with an Excel-based version.

57.VTTI will develop training materials about defensive driving and safe

driving for snowplow operators. Each winter, snowplows are struck by other vehicles, costing agencies money in repair and replacement costs and affecting traveler safety due to lost plowing time. Rear-end collisions and crashes during turning movements are two common types of crashes. Although snowplow operators are rarely at-fault in these crashes, training operators on defensive driving practices—and reviewing general safe driving practices—may help reduce the likelihood of collisions caused by other drivers. This project has been developed by Clear Roads, an ongoing pooled-fund research project aimed at rigorous testing of winter maintenance materials, equipment, and methods for use by highway maintenance crews.

58.VTTI researchers worked on a project funded by NSTSCE to

conduct a literature review of Pediatric Vehicular Heatstroke (PVH) and the current systems available to help counteract this occurrence. Researchers also designed a study that evaluates currently available original equipment manufacturers (OEM) and aftermarket systems for PVH.

59.VTTI partnered with the Virginia Tech Psychology Department

and Texas A&M University to evaluate tacit communication behaviors of drivers at pedestrian crosswalks. The data collected in this project were used to successfully defend a psychology department dissertation.

60.VTTI researchers worked on an NSTSCE-funded project

to investigate risky behaviors of pedestrians. Researchers will use previously collected data sets, with the goal of developing new sets of video reduction protocols for future use.

61.VTTI researchers worked on an NSTSCE-funded project to

investigate the rate at which different conditions and maneuvers in automated-vehicle operational design domains (ODDs) occur.

62.VTTI researchers worked on an NSTSCE-funded project to

leverage naturalistic driving data to analyze vehicle kinematic variables toward the evaluation of roadway infrastructure design.

63.VTTI and the Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research at

Virginia Tech were awarded a subcontract under the University of Kentucky to introduce an autonomous shuttle car into room-and-pillar coal mines. Funding originates from the Alpha Foundation, which was established to improve mine safety and health. This is a four-year project involving a cognitive

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work analysis on the framework of the organizational work domain, which is important for understanding and outlining the constraints in replacing manual roles with automated systems. Further work involves development and testing of the autonomous shuttle car vehicle.

64.The VTTI-affiliated Global Center for Automotive Performance

Simulation (GCAPS) has established many new clients in the India tire and transportation market. GCAPS is also realizing significant growth in China relative to tire testing, tire modeling, and vehicle modeling, thereby providing great upside potential. GCAPS has also completed joint tire test research with UAB.

65.Through the U.S. Department of Energy project Investigating the

Health Impacts of Outdoor Lighting, VTTI has measured the impact of lighting on melatonin levels in realistic outdoor lighting levels. Over a 14-week period, 29 participants were evaluated for melatonin in driving, pedestrian, and sleeping conditions, resulting in collection of more than 1,800 melatonin samples. The samples are currently being assessed, and the results should provide guidance for decision makers selecting

light sources for outdoor spaces and inform the public about the potential health impacts of outdoor lighting. This project is a partnership between VTTI and Thomas Jefferson University.

66.VTTI was awarded a federal project to consider pedestrian

lighting, both to provide visibility of and for pedestrians. The work includes a test on the Smart Road highway section using drivers and on the Surface Street Expansion using both adult and child pedestrians.

67.VTTI continues U.S. Department of Energy efforts to consider

the limitations of the acceptance of solid-state lighting (SSL) through an investigation of the impact of adaptive lighting in a city environment. Using Cambridge, Mass., as an example where adaptive lighting has been implemented in a city, the team is planning to investigate the public acceptance of a lighting system that dims at certain points during the day. The project also considers criteria such as crime and crash statistics. Additional investigations will include factors such as system maintenance and overall cost.

68.VTTI was awarded an NCHRP project to investigate the impact

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of LED roadway lighting on driver sleep health and alertness. The objective of this research is to develop a guidance document for state departments of transportation that:

1: Describes the effects of LED roadway lighting on the sleep health and alertness of drivers, with attention to the illuminance, duration, and spectral power distribution (SPD) of the LED lighting2: Compares these effects to those of high-intensity discharge (HID) lighting and the absence of roadway lighting3: Suggests methods to mitigate the effects, if any, of LED roadway lighting on sleep health and alertness

69.VTTI was awarded a project by the Illinois Center for Transportation

to study the effects of intersection and midblock crosswalk lighting designs on pedestrian visibility. The results will inform the development of new lighting standards for crosswalks at intersections and midblock locations.

70.VTTI was awarded a small project to investigate the safety benefits

of narrow-beam LEDs for lighting crosswalks.

71.VTTI has completed a project in partnership with WSP to develop

guidelines for the implementation of

SSL in roadways. This project was funded as NCHRP Project 5-22.

72.VTTI is investigating the lighting at intersections for VDOT. Twenty-

five urban and rural intersections will be investigated using in situ lighting levels and crash statistics to consider the required lighting levels at intersections.

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73.VTTI continued to investigate the impact of lighting on driver

behavior through continued studies of measured lighting in Washington and North Carolina, along with California data. This effort is in its third phase and considers a variety of lighting alternatives.

74.VTTI has been awarded a project considering the possible impact

of low-cost delineation systems on curve performance. This will include the nature and frequency of solutions (e.g., bollards and chevrons) relative to drivers and driving performance in a wide variety of applications ranging from interstate roadways to rural applications.

75.VTTI has been awarded a project by the Illinois Department of

Transportation to consider high-mast lighting applications. This effort will include crash assessments, in situ lighting assessments, and alternative design developments.

76.VTTI completed a project that considers how VDOT conveys

travel information to truck drivers. VTTI conducted surveys and interviews of truck drivers and other industry personnel to determine how they receive such information, what information is most important, and in what ways dissemination of the information could be improved.

77.VTTI continues to support the FHWA in the implementation of

roundabouts and the assessment of their performance. Flying drone videos are being used during this project wherein the vehicle path and behaviors are considered.

78.VTTI continued its efforts in working with the visibility of police

vehicles. Eight agencies, including state police in Virginia, have had new lighting

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and markings added to their vehicles to assess visibility and officer comfort.

79.VTTI completed a project that investigated contributing factors

and the impacts that they have on fixed-object crashes. The project used the SHRP 2 NDS data, which included detailed video files, time-series data, and roadway information for nearly 2,000 events relevant to fixed-object crashes. The results provided insights into how and why fixed-object crashes occurred and what countermeasures could be used to prevent such crashes.

80.VTTI continued working on an FHWA project to quantify the lives

saved and injuries prevented nationwide due to the use of a selected number of safety infrastructure categories. This is the first attempt made nationwide to estimate the safety benefits of key transportation safety infrastructure devices. The project will enable federal and state transportation agencies to qualitatively demonstrate the fatalities and injuries prevented by transportation infrastructure investments and provide justification for needed infrastructure.

81.VTTI provided extensive support for various lighting and visibility

applications within the Commonwealth of Virginia. The color of light sources, particularly LED, has been a major topic of discussion. Through this effort, a new policy on lighting and light type was developed and implemented by VDOT.

82.VTTI partnered with researchers at North Carolina State University

on a CATM project focused on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for optimizing the routing of emergency vehicles to avoid congestion and obstructions.

83.In 2018, VTTI acquired a low-speed autonomous vehicle shuttle that

will be used to support research on last-mile integration with bus transit for the mobility of VRUs, such as seniors and the disabled.

84.Nanosonic has contracted VTTI researchers for assistance with

an SBIR project focused on icephobic coatings for wind turbine blades and the potential impact on nearby transportation and natural resources.

85.VTTI conducted research involving the use of automated placard

readers to effectively provide advance notifications to critical facility operators. The project assessed the readiness of automated hazardous material placard readers for their reliable and effective roadside deployment. Findings from the study indicated that several hazmat placard readers were readily available for deployment, and they provided capabilities for installations requiring specific features.

86.VTTI is working with the Appalachian Regional Commission

on a project that evaluates the extent and impact of the Interstate 81 corridor and its relevance to the Appalachian Development Highway System (ADHS).

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The intent of this project is to use more objective sources of data (e.g., origin-destination traffic data) to better define the corridor.

87.VTTI is conducting the NSTSCE-funded Evaluation of Truck

Parking Needs in a Changing Regulatory Environment project. The purpose of this project is to work with fleet safety partners and/or fleet management system providers to acquire hours-of-service data and geographic location data. The ultimate goal of this study is to inform the decisions made by truck parking providers, planners, and other stakeholders.

88.SBIR work will be conducted in partnership with Nanosonic and

other Virginia Tech researchers on the use of conductive coatings on roadways for communication transmission.

89.The VTTI-affiliated Center for Injury Biomechanics continued

to conduct groundbreaking research into injury biomechanics, injury modeling, and transportation-related injury biomechanics. Transportation-related projects awarded included the NHTSA-funded FMVSS Considerations for Vehicles with Automated Driving Systems project (VTTI serves as the PI) and providing biomechanics findings for ATD design and responses in ADS-equipped vehicle crashworthiness.

90.VTTI maintains a small data center on its campus and has a much

larger high performance computing

(HPC) infrastructure co-located at the Virginia Tech Andrews Information Systems Building to take advantage of internal and external high-speed networking and the physical space required to house clustered servers, multi-petabyte HPC storage systems, and a multi-petabyte (PB) DB2 data analytics system. Continually growing capacities include a 4.2 PB database and associated storage, 10.2 PB Network Attached Storage (NAS), and 7 PB archive storage. Compute processing is driven by 1,920 cores and 37 Graphical Processing Units (GPUs).

ADDITIONAL ACCOMPLISHMENTSSAE Award for Excellence in Oral Presentation2019 SAE World Congress Luke Riexinger, Faculty Advisor Clay Gabler

Gundolf Beier Foundation Award International Research Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference Luke Riexinger, Faculty Advisor Clay Gabler

Best Student Scientific Paper in Student Symposium Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine 2018 Conference Samantha Haus, Faculty Advisor Clay Gabler

Best Student Poster Presentation Award 2019 OSU Injury Biomechanics SymposiumMichael Katzenberger, Faculty Advisor Andrew Kemper

Best Student Paper Award 2018 International Stapp Car Crash ConferenceDevon Albert, Faculty Advisor Andrew Kemper

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01.VTTI houses approximately 90% of the national and international

naturalistic driving data in the world. With onsite data reduction labs and extensive analysis experience, the institute realized the role it could play in helping others mine and reduce its data to answer subsequent research questions about driver behavior and performance. The labs provide abundant opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students to receive advanced training and participate in data reduction and analysis activities conducted at VTTI. During FY19, the Data Reduction Group at VTTI employed 60 current Virginia Tech students, of which 52 (87%) were undergraduates.

02.In collaboration with affiliated faculty in the departments of civil

and environmental engineering, industrial and systems engineering, psychology, and statistics, VTTI is offering the Human Factors of Transportation Safety Graduate Certificate Program (HFTS GCP). The certificate program is designed to create and deliver to students in-depth knowledge and marketable skills applied to the research, evaluation, maintenance, improvement, and protection of all ground transportation users and their communities, all from a human factors perspective. Students enrolled in the program will become leaders in the field of transportation safety within the Commonwealth, across the nation, and internationally.

03.In collaboration with TRB of the National Academy of Sciences,

VTTI generated and made available transportation data sets that were delivered free-of-charge to nine graduate students around the country, selected through a competitive process, to support their theses and/or dissertation research.

04.VTTI administered a connected- and automated-vehicle training

program for VDOT employees at the request of VDOT. The program was designed to provide information, relative to VDOT operations, about connected- and automated-vehicle development.

05.VTTI maintained a VCC website that describes all aspects of the

VCC, including the purpose, technical description, goals, and how interested third parties can become involved. More information is available at https://www.vtti.vt.edu/vcc/.

06.The Safe-D National UTC is dedicated to fostering

education and workforce development opportunities. Each research project funded through the Safe-D UTC must include student support at any level (i.e., undergraduate and/or graduate). During FY19, Safe-D UTC researchers reported supporting 48 university-level students on their projects, including 14 students from underrepresented populations. Safe-D encourages project teams to include students in every E

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aspect of research, such as reviewing literature and methods, assisting with the development of experimental design and study protocols, assisting in executing a research experiment, contributing to project reports and publications, and presenting research results at conferences and seminars. Most research projects funded through Safe-D also contribute to a student’s thesis or dissertation.

07.Safe-D National UTC researchers were actively engaged in teaching

efforts at each of the consortium universities.

08.Safe-D UTC activities aim to inspire and educate the next generation of

transportation professionals at all levels of education, . Safe-D research projects must include an education and workforce development component as an output of each project. This requires project teams to identify specific education and workforce development products from their projects for development and dissemination. These products can include K-12 curriculum modules to be used by teachers at various levels to educate students about the results of project research, full university-level course development, and educating the public about various aspects of research and transportation safety.

09.Safe-D National UTC researchers focused on encouraging students

to pursue STEM fields and enter the transportation workforce through events such as the VDOT Northern Virginia District Annual Transportation Career Fair,

the Virginia Tech Science Festival, and outreach performed with K-12 teachers and directly with students in their classrooms.

10.During the 5th Virginia Tech Science Festival, Safe-D National UTC and

VTTI researchers hosted an exhibit called “Technology in Motion – How Computers Move Us.” This exhibit aimed to teach festival participants about the advanced technologies being implemented in the area of transportation. Attendees could participate in several demonstrations, including observing representations of themselves as they traversed a LIDAR sensing field and learning about the different functionalities of instrumented helmets, wristbands, and vests.

11.During 2019, the Safe-D National UTC supported the collaborative

summer internship program held at Texas A&M Transportation Institute. Through this program, interns are matched with mentors and research projects, including many led by Safe-D faculty, to gain hands-on experience in transportation research.

12.The Safe-D UTC is committed to supporting partners at consortium

members’ respective state departments of transportation. For example, the UTC participated in the 14th annual VDOT Transportation Career Fair. This event targets high school students from the surrounding area, introducing them to careers involving the transportation industry. Along with more than 100 different exhibitors spanning the industry (e.g., construction, military, government), Safe-D researchers and students spoke

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with hundreds of students about the mission of Safe-D and VTTI, the types of projects that are conducted, and careers in transportation. The event provided an opportunity to display innovative endeavors happening within the transportation industry and to inform students and excite them about the future of transportation.

13.With support from public and private sponsors and the Safe-D National

UTC, the VTTI InternHUB is providing advanced training and practical hands-on experience to students in a variety of transportation-related areas and the opportunity to collaborate with faculty across Safe-D consortium universities.

14.Safe-D National UTC researchers presented at various science fairs

and science nights held at schools across Virginia and in partnering states.

15.VTTI researchers visited Sudley Elementary in Manassas, Va.,

to showcase transportation research, demonstrating different types of advanced-vehicle technologies to five classes of elementary students.The demonstrations included explanations of how advanced vehicles work and how they can improve driving safety.

16.VTTI maintained membership within the ISO Road Vehicle Ergonomics

subcommittee and coordinated the development and publication of two technical reports: 1) Automated-vehicle terms and definitions and 2) Automated-vehicle visual external communication.ED

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17. VTTI was awarded a project through the FMCSA High Priority program

to provide key information to driver education students on how to safely share the road with commercial motor vehicles. This project will involve onsite education and hands-on demonstrations at 25 high school driver education programs. VTTI submitted a proposal to the FMCSA High Priority program to expand the scope of its current Share the Road education project.

18.VTTI co-organized the breakout session on Automated Vehicle

External Communication and Human Factors Implications at the Automated Vehicles Symposium in San Francisco, Calif.

19.VTTI will participate in the Global Entrepreneur Partnership hosted by

Virginia Tech Outreach and International Affairs and VT KnowledgeWorks. Student teams and faculty representing 14 institutions from 12 countries will explore resources for entrepreneurs, insights on starting a business, considerations of expanding into new markets, and entrepreneurship support programs and innovations. Student teams will present their business concepts for $45,000 in cash prizes.

20.VTTI hosted the 7th International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving

Research in Blacksburg, Va.

21.The Driving Healthy website was updated to provide information and

tips for commercial motor vehicle drivers. The information includes Eating & Living

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Healthy and Prevention & Screening. The website is useful not only to professional drivers but also to the general public.

22.VTTI continued the development of the FMCSA Data Repository,

which, when opened, will host a number of FMCSA data sets that researchers can use to improve traffic safety and operations. These data sets will be available to researchers at no cost.

23.VTTI continued to operate the InSight website, which makes

information and data elements of the SHRP 2 NDS available to researchers around the world at no cost. Version 3.2 of the website, including functionality and data updates, was prepared for release during FY19.

24.VTTI began working on a Data Visualization Portal, which will

provide several free-access analytics sets for use, along with private credentialed access for sponsors.

25.VTTI hosted numerous research groups in its secure data enclave,

which allows for access to sensitive portions of the naturalistic driving data housed at the institute.

26.The InSight Canada Data Access website continues to be operated.

The website makes data elements from the Canada Naturalistic Driving Study available to researchers around the world at no cost.

27.VTTI researchers and staff serve on multiple TRB committees

and subcommittees. These include the Committees on Statistical Methods; Safety Data, Analysis, and Evaluation; Winter Maintenance; and Air Quality and the Subcommittee on Unmanned Aerial Systems. These researchers provide valuable input into a broad range of transportation concerns.

28.A representative from the Safe-D National UTC presented program

activities to high school students at the Thomas Jefferson Symposium to Advance Research (tjSTAR). VTTI emphasized careers available in transportation and opportunities available to students under the Safe-D Education and Workforce Development Program. tjSTAR is an annual, day-long symposium at the Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, the Governor’s School for Science and Technology in Northern Virginia. The event offers the opportunity to share student research projects and learn about future research opportunities and potential careers.

29.A VTTI researcher serves on the selection committee for the

Alphonse Chapanis award given by the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. The award recognizes the best student paper submitted to the annual meeting of the society.

30.A VTTI researcher served as the conference chair of the 2019

Quadrennial meeting of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE).E

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31.VTTI hosted the 2nd Annual CATM Symposium on November 5, 2018,

at the Warm Hearth Village in Blacksburg, Va. The symposium provided students, researchers, and affiliated faculty from the member consortium the opportunity to share updates on projects funded through the UTC. Mohammed Yousuf, program manager for the US DOT Accessible Transportation Technologies Research Initiative, provided the keynote address.

32.VTTI secured a grant from the National Safety Council Road to

Zero Coalition to expand its Sharing the Road (STR) with Trucks program. The goal of the project is to further increase newly licensed teen drivers’ knowledge of safe driving practices related to STR with commercial motor vehicles. During the project, VTTI will conduct 15 hands-on demonstrations in driver education classes throughout the mid-Atlantic region during the 2019-2020 school year. VTTI will also create an implementation manual and instructor toolbox that allow drivers’ education teachers to recreate the STR with Trucks program.

33.VTTI co-organized a breakout session on Trucking Automation:

Highly Automated and Platooning Cargo Transport at the Automated Vehicles Symposium in San Francisco, Calif. VTTI is coordinating the same session for presentation in Orlando, Fla.

34.VTTI was featured in a news story that ran on NBC 4 in Washington,

DC, that highlighted the Virginia Smart Roads Surface Street facilities and new

protocols being developed to test a new AEB system for transit buses that may help mitigate the risks to pedestrians in traffic. This work is funded through the FTA, in partnership with the Washington State Transit Insurance Pool, Pierce Transit, and others.

35.VTTI researchers are involved with the Illuminating Engineering

Society Roadway Lighting Committee, the Vision Science Committee, the Discomfort Glare in Outdoor Nighttime Environment Committee, the Resilient Lighting Committee, and the Outdoor Environmental Lighting Committee.

36.A VTTI researcher was elected as a representative for research faculty

to the Virginia Tech Commission on Research.

37.A VTTI researcher organized and advised a Virginia Tech student team

on their Pre Rear-End Positioning and Risk Extenuation System (PREPARES) project. This team submitted their novel active safety system concept to the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) competition organized by NHTSA. The team won the national competition and advanced to the international competition in Eindhoven, where they took the international championship for the United States.

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CENTERSg r o u p s & i n i t i a t i v e s

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Center for Advanced Automotive Research

Center for Automated Vehicle Systems

Center for Data Reduction and Analysis Support

Center for Infrastructure-based Safety Systems

Center for Injury Biomechanics

Center for Public Policy, Partnerships, and Outreach

Center for Sustainable Mobility

Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure

Center for Technology Development

Center for Technology Implementation

Center for Truck and Bus Safety

Center for Vulnerable Road User Safety

Global Center for Automotive Performance Simulation

I-81 Corridor Coalition

International Center for Naturalistic Driving Data Analysis at Virginia Tech

Motorcycle Research Group

National Surface Transportation Safety Center for Excellence

Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) National University Transportation Center (UTC)

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CENTERSCenter for Advanced Automotive ResearchZac Doerzaph, Director

The Center for Advanced Automotive Research focuses on the development, research, and evaluation of next-generation automotive systems. The center is staffed by a multidisciplinary team of dedicated individuals who are passionate about improving the safety and efficiency of our nation’s transportation system. This team strives to solve a broad set of challenges associated with integrating cutting-edge technologies into the vehicles of tomorrow. Primary research areas of the center include crash warning/avoidance/mitigation systems, connected vehicles, driver-vehicle interfaces, crash causation, and vehicle automation.

Center for Automated Vehicle SystemsShane McLaughlin, Director

The Center for Automated Vehicle Systems uses an interdisciplinary approach to studying all aspects related to the automation life cycle in the field of transportation. The center conducts pragmatic research based on a scientific approach that emphasizes the importance of safety, security, reliability, and user acceptance. The center is anchored in applied research and is strengthened by collaborations with national and international partners in vehicle automation, including Google, General Motors, and other groups involved in the research, planning, policy, and production of automated vehicles. The goal of this center is to strengthen the safety benefits of automation across all levels of the transportation industry.

Center for Data Reduction and Analysis SupportMiguel Perez, Director

The Center for Data Reduction and Analysis Support provides standardized access to and analysis of naturalistic driving study data sets housed at the institute. These data sets currently comprise 2.5 petabytes of information

g r o u p s & i n i t i a t i v e sabout real-world driver behavior and performance. Users include researchers within and outside of the institute, government entities, and automotive manufacturers and suppliers. Center services include coding of video and audio data, data quality assurance, data standardization, data mining, event selection, and data analysis. The center actively supports data analysis collaborations with external institutions.

Center for Infrastructure-based Safety SystemsRon Gibbons, Director

The Center for Infrastructure-based Safety Systems focuses on roadway-based safety systems, such as lighting, visibility treatments, pavement markings, signage, signals, barriers, the interaction of visibility with roadway design, and weather considerations. The center houses the Lighting Infrastructure Technology Group, which conducts research into such topics as sign legibility in foggy conditions and the effects of lighting sources, and the Eco-Transportation and Alternative Technologies Group, which represents a partnership between the institute, the Virginia Department of Transportation/Virginia Transportation Research Council, the Virginia Tech Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, the Virginia Tech College of Engineering, and the Virginia Tech Office of the Vice President for Research and Innovation.

Center for Injury BiomechanicsWarren Hardy, Director

The Center for Injury Biomechanics is a partnership between the institute, the Virginia Tech Department of Mechanical Engineering, and the Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences. The center conducts research into injury biomechanics, injury modeling, and transportation-related injury biomechanics. Center work includes an in-depth study of 1,000 road-departure crashes at 24 sites across the U.S. to determine conditions such as speed and topography. Other transportation-

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related injury research includes car crash tests, large-scale tissue testing, NASCAR-Indy restraint testing, advanced restraint tests, guardrail evaluations, child seat evaluations, airbag-induced eye injuries, the development of a synthetic eye, elbow joint injuries from side airbags, wrist injuries, upper extremity dummy design, posterior rib fractures from side airbags, child dummy neck evaluations, small female neck interactions with side airbags, airbag out-of-position testing, and the development of a pregnant occupant model.

Center for Public Policy, Partnerships, and OutreachMyra Blanco, Director

The Center for Public Policy, Partnerships, and Outreach assists with the needed models of regulations for advanced vehicles, such as driver assistance systems and connected and/or automated vehicles. The center provides research to ensure state and federal policies are based on relevant data, develops partnerships to assist in the advancement of new systems, and enhances the research areas and sponsorship diversity of the institute. The center works with stakeholders whose interests are affected by governmental decisions on federal, state, local, or international levels in the development and implementation of automated vehicle systems.

Center for Sustainable MobilityHesham Rakha, Director

The Center for Sustainable Mobility conducts research relevant to society’s transportation mobility, energy, environmental, and safety needs. The center translates the results of research into realistic and workable applications, creates and provides tools needed to apply developed knowledge and processes, and educates qualified engineers to meet today’s transportation demands and tomorrow’s transportation challenges in the areas of transportation network control, large-scale transportation system modeling, traffic state prediction using large data and artificial intelligence techniques, transit bus real-time

routing and scheduling, vehicle energy and environmental modeling, transportation system modeling, and eco-transportation applications.

Center for Sustainable Transportation InfrastructureGerardo Flintsch, Director

The Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure focuses on asset management; pavement design, analysis, rehabilitation, and safety; infrastructure management; civil engineering materials; nondestructive testing; and life-cycle cost analyses. The center houses the Infrastructure Management Group and the Sensing, Modeling and Simulation Group. The center initiated a consortium of state highway agencies and equipment manufacturers dedicated to enhancing pavement surfaces. The center also tested a product that extends the life of the road surface and retains de-icing chemicals on the surface, giving road crews time to deploy during inclement weather. The center was instrumental in developing a way to include the environmental impact of road materials in the decision-making processes during road construction.

Center for Technology DevelopmentAndy Petersen, Director

The Center for Technology Development specializes in developing, implementing, and maintaining innovative systems for transportation research. The center includes the Mechanical Systems Group, which is responsible for mechanical fabrication to suit the needs of all research projects; the Data Acquisition Group, which is responsible for electronic hardware design and is a pioneer in distributed data acquisition systems; and the Advanced Development Group, which is responsible for software development and includes specialists in machine vision, road tracking, and data analysis.

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Center for Technology ImplementationMike Mollenhauer, Director

The Center for Technology Implementation was created to facilitate technology deployment and to leverage existing research investments. The center makes it possible for the institute and its sponsors and clients to participate in early-stage technology implementation programs. Center personnel can help develop a toolbox of modular software solutions that can be applied in new jurisdictions, building smart solutions that combine the best commercial products with customization that can fully address agency goals.

Center for Truck and Bus SafetyRich Hanowski, Director

The Center for Truck and Bus Safety focuses on the research, development, and evaluation of heavy-vehicle systems. The center is dedicated to the design, delivery, and implementation of leading-edge research and development efforts aimed at improving the health and safety of heavy-vehicle drivers. The center comprises the Behavioral Analysis and Applications Group, the Human Factors and Advanced System Testing Group, and the Safety and Human Factors Group. Center research includes refining and testing rear-lighting configurations to reduce the number and severity of rear-end crashes, determining safe hours of service for commercial motor vehicle drivers, evaluating causes of drowsiness and providing countermeasures, and developing education programs to keep drivers healthy and alert.

Center for Vulnerable Road User SafetyJon Antin, Director

The Center for Vulnerable Road User Safety conducts research and outreach designed to enhance safety for all vulnerable road users, including senior and teen drivers, bicyclists, and pedestrians. Vulnerable road users comprise all age groups and a variety of demographics; their one shared trait is an increased risk of suffering a traffic-related crash or injury. The center includes the Teen Risk and Injury

Prevention Group and the Senior Mobility Awareness, Safety, and Health Group. Research includes a naturalistic driving study of novice teen drivers with the goal of providing real-time feedback, gathering information for driver training, and keeping teens’ parents informed. The center has conducted outreach initiatives designed to provide recommendations for coordinating public and private services for the aged, disabled, and indigent populations.

Global Center for Automotive Performance SimulationFrank Della Pia, Director

The Global Center for Automotive Performance Simulation is a world-class facility that provides revolutionary services for both vehicle and tire, including testing, simulation, and modeling. The center comprises the National Tire Research Center, the Southern Virginia Vehicle Motion Labs (SoVa Motion), and the Virtual Design and Integration Laboratory. Collectively, these initiatives provide the full range of services essential for creating a more dynamic product through both virtual and physical development. The center is affiliated with Virginia Tech, and it is located in Southern Virginia.

I-81 Corridor CoalitionAndy Alden, Executive Director

The I-81 Corridor Coalition is a consortium of stakeholders dedicated to improving the safety, continuity, and efficiency of commercial and personal travel along the I-81 corridor that extends from Tennessee to the Canadian border in New York. This partnership comprises state Departments of Transportation, Metropolitan and Regional Planning Organizations, non-governmental organizations, and private entities from the six corridor states. The focus of the coalition is to study and implementinnovative solutions to challenges specific to travel on a freight-intensive highway serving a variety of geopolitical regions and users. Current focus areas include incident management, development planning, and truck parking.

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International Center for Naturalistic Driving Data Analysis at Virginia TechClark Gaylord, Chief Information Officer

The International Center for Naturalistic Driving Data Analysis incorporates Virginia Tech’s petabyte-scale, high-performance data storage system into the data infrastructure of the institute. This allows analyses of data from multiple naturalistic driving studies using high performance computational systems to perform more complex computational algorithms and data mining. The 48-node compute cluster of the institute moves data between the field and the data center, decrypts data, prepares data files for ingestion to a 500-terabyte scientific data warehouse, processes video files, and provides a platform for advanced analytical processing. A peta-scale archive file system will ultimately facilitate the long-term storage of numerous petabytes of data while maintaining data in an online state.

Motorcycle Research GroupShane McLaughlin, Group Leader

The Motorcycle Research Group was born from a history in transportation research; concern about an increasing number of motorcyclist fatalities and injuries; and the excitement of a large number of institute engineers, staff, researchers, and family who are riders. The group focuses on riders and their machines while considering other factors in the surrounding transportation system. Group researchers conducted the first large-scale naturalistic driving study of motorcycles, which was designed to explore motorcycle crash causation and develop crash countermeasures.

National Surface Transportation Safety Center for ExcellenceJon Hankey, Director

The National Surface Transportation Safety Center for Excellence was established by the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2005 to develop and disseminate

advanced transportation safety techniques and innovations in both rural and urban communities. Center research focuses on four major objectives: 1) To develop and test transportation devices and techniques that enhance driver performance; 2) To evaluate the roadway environment and infrastructure-based safety systems; 3) To address mobility for vulnerable road users; and 4) To examine driver impairment issues.

Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) National University Transportation Center (UTC)Zac Doerzaph, Director

Fueled by the inevitable changes in our transportationsystem, the Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) National University Transportation Center (UTC)—which comprises the institute, the Texas A&M Transportation Institute, and San Diego State University—endeavors to maximize the potential safety benefits of disruptive technologies through targeted research that addresses the most pressing transportation safety questions. The center focuses on four potential disruptive technologies: connected vehicles, automated vehicles, transportation as a service, and big data analytics. The U.S. Department of Transportation awarded the center in November 2016 as a highly competitive national UTC grant. The national grant entails a planned $2.8 million each year in federal funding for five years, matched by an equal amount of cost-share funds from university, state, and private sources. The nation’s top safety researchers will perform work under the center while leveraging existing and upcoming world-class research facilities across the universities, such as the Virginia Automated and Connected Corridors and the Virginia Smart Roads, all of which will collectively enable robust real-world testing of automated and connected vehicles.

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S P O N S O R S ,C L I E N T S , & P A R T N E R S

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The continued success of VTTI is due,

in large part, to its sponsors, partners,

clients, and stakeholders. VTTI would like

to acknowledge the contributions and

support of the following organizations:

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SPONSORSc l i e n ts & pa rt n e r s• 3M • 5G Automotive Association• AAA• AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety • AAA Mid-Atlantic• Acclaro Research Solutions, Inc.• ACF • Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers• Alpha Foundation• American Association of Motor

Vehicle Administrators• American Association of State

Highway and Transportation Officials• American Transportation Research

Institute • Amoco• The Appalachian Regional Commission• Applied Research Associates• Arete Associates• Arity (a subsidiary of Allstate

Insurance) • Arizona State University• Arlington County, Va.• Asia University• Association for Unmanned Vehicle

Systems International• Association of Global Automakers• Assured Information Security• Atkins Global• Atlantic Construction Fabric • Attention Technologies, Inc.• Auburn University

• Autoliv• Automotive Events• B&W Pantex• Battelle • B-Con Engineering, Inc.• Beam Brothers• Bedford County, Va.• Bekaert• Betty Serian and Associates • Bishop Consulting• Blackberry• BMW• Booz Allen Hamilton• Bosch• BP Amoco• BrakeAudit• Bridgestone• Brigham Young University• California Department of

Transportation • California Energy Commission• Calspan• Cambridge Mobile Telematics• Cambridge Systematics • Canadian Council of Motor Transport

Administrators• Capital Area Transit System in Baton

Rouge• Carnegie Mellon Robotics Institute • Carnegie Mellon University• CARPI USA

• Case Western Reserve University • Catapult Transport Systems• Center for Advanced Transportation

Mobility University Transportation Center

• Center for Innovative Technology• Centers for Disease Control• Cernet Corp.• Chen Ryan Associates • Chrysler• Cisco Systems• City of Flagstaff• City of Richmond • Civilogix, Inc.• Clanton & Associates, Inc. • Clean Air Tech International • Clear Roads• Clemson University• Cohda Wireless• Colorado Department of

Transportation• Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance• Continental Automotive Systems, Inc.• Con-Way• Cooper Tire• Corning Cable Systems • Crack Sealant Consortium • Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership

(CAMP)• Crash Safety Research Center• CSAA Insurance Group• CUBRC

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• DBi Services• Delaware Department of Motor

Vehicles• Delaware Technical and Community

College• Delft University of Technology• Deloitte• Delphi Electronics• Robert Denaro• DENSO• DGE, Inc.• District of Columbia Department of

Transportation• DLA Piper• DMD & Associates• Donovan Hatem• Draper Laboratory• Drexel University• DRP Performance • Duke University• Dunlap and Associates, Inc.• Dynamic Research, Inc.• Eaton• eDriving• Education Logistics, Inc.• EMMES• Enercon Services, Inc.• Energy Systems Network• Engineering & Software Consultants,

Inc.• Ergonomic Analysis, Inc.• Erie Insurance

• ERTICO• Escrypt• European Commission• Fairfax County Transit• Fairfax County, Va.• Federal Highway Administration • Federal Motor Carrier Safety

Administration• Federal Railroad Administration • FEV• Fleetmatics• Florida A&M University• Fluor, Va. • Ford Driving Skills for Life• Ford Motor Company • Foundation for Outdoor Advertising

Research and Education• Fugro Roadware• General Motors • General Motors OnStar Division • George Mason University • Georgia Department of Transportation• Glenwood Consulting• Global Human Body Models

Consortium• Goodyear• Google• Guard Rail of Roanoke, Inc.• Halifax County, Va.• Hankook Tire• Harmonia

• HERE• Honda• Honda R&D• Honda Research Institute – Europe • Hoosier Racing• Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.• Hubbell Lighting, Inc. • Human Factors North • Hume Center• Hyundai Fire and Insurance• Hyundai Kia• Hyundai Motor Company• IAOV Chemnitz• IDEA Programs• Illinois Department of Transportation• Illuminating Engineering Society of

North America • Indianapolis Motor Speedway• Institute for Critical Technology and

Applied Science• Institute for Transportation Research

and Education at North Carolina State University

• Institute for Work Organizational and Transport Research

• Insurance Institute for Highway Safety• Intelligent Automation, Inc.• Intelligent Transportation Society of

America• Interactive Design and Development• Iowa State University • Iteris, Inc.

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• Jacobs, Edwards, and Kelcey, Inc.• Jaguar/Landrover• John Horsley and Associates• Johns Hopkins University• Johnson Controls, Inc. • Kapsch TrafficCom• Kimley-Horn and Associates• Korea Advanced Institute of Science

and Technology• Kumho Tire• Last Resource• Leidos • Lisboa, Inc.• Litton Network Access Systems• Long Road Racing • Lord Corporation • Loughborough University• Louisiana Public Transit Association• Maccaferri • MaineWay Services• Malaysian Institute of Road Safety

Research • MAN Truck & Bus AG• Massachusetts Institute of

Technology• Mazda• MCI Federal• MEA Forensics• Mercedes-Benz• Meritor WABCO• Merritt C. Becker, Jr. University of

New Orleans Transportation Institute

• Mesilla Valley Transportation • Michelin• Mid-Atlantic Aviation Partnership• Mid-Atlantic Broadband • Minnesota Department of

Transportation • James A. Misener (Consultant)• Mississippi Department of

Transportation• The MITRE Corporation• Mobis• ModComp • Montana State University – Western

Transportation Institute• Monterey Technologies, Inc.• Montgomery County, Va.• Morgan State University• Motor Coach Industries• Motorcycle Safety Foundation• MRI Global• Munich Reinsurance America, Inc.• Nanosonic, Inc. LLC• NASA – Langley Research Center • National Academy of Sciences • National Academy of Sciences Transit-

IDEA Program• National Academy of Sciences

Transportation Research Board • National Chiao Tung University• National Cooperative Highway

Research Program • National Highway Traffic Safety

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Administration • National Institute for Occupational

Safety and Health• National Institute of Advanced

Industrial Science and Technology in Japan

• National Institute of Aerospace• National Institutes of Health • National Parks • National Private Truck Council• National Renewable Energy

Laboratory• National Safety Council• National Science Foundation• National Surface Transportation

Safety Center for Excellence • National Transit Institute • National Transportation Research

Center, Inc.• NAUTO, Inc.• Navistar International• NEC Laboratories• Neusoft• New Orleans Amalgamated Transit

Union• New River Valley Planning District

Commission• New York City Transit Authority• NEXCO-West Japan• Nexen Tire• Nissan • Nissan Research Center• Noblis

• Norfolk Southern Railroad • North American Fatigue Management

Program• North Carolina A&T State University• North Carolina Agricultural and

Technical State University• North Carolina Department of

Transportation• North Carolina State University• Oak Ridge National Laboratories• Office of the Assistant Secretary for

Research and Technology• Office of the Secretary of

Transportation• Ohio State University • Oilcom • Old Dominion University• Omni Weight Corporation• Optimal CAE• OptimumG • OrbComm• OSRAM SYLVANIA • Outdoor Advertising Association of

America • PACCAR, Inc.• Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • Pacific-Sierra Research • Parsons Brinckerhoff • PB Farradyne, Inc. • PB World• Peloton Technology• Penn State University

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SPONSORSc l i e n ts & pa rt n e r s

• Pennoni• Pennsylvania Department of

Transportation• Performance Fuels System • Petron Malaysia• Philips Lighting • Pierce Transit• Pitt Ohio• Plymouth Rock Assurance• Princeton Lightwave• Professional Truck Driving Institute• PSMJ Resources, Inc.• Purdue University• Qatar National Research Fund• Qualcomm• Queens University• Realtime Technologies, Inc. • REI Safety Services, Inc.• Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute• Research and Special Programs

Administration • RGS Associates, Inc. • Ricardo, Inc.• Road to Zero• RoadSafe• ROHO, Inc. • Rowan University• Rutgers, The State University of New

Jersey • SAE International • San Diego State University

• Saskatchewan Government Insurance• Savari • Schneider• Science Applications International

Corporation • Science Museum of Western Virginia • Scientex• Scitor Corporation• SEA Limited • Security Innovation Company• Sfara, Inc.• Shandong University• Shenandoah Telephone • Shentel Service Company • Siecor/Corning • Siemens • SmartCap Technologies• SmartDrive• Snow Economics • Software Technology, Inc. • South Carolina Department of

Transportation• South Dakota Department of

Transportation• South Dakota State University• Southwest Research Institute• Spin• Spire Innovations• Stantec International, Inc. (Dubai

branch)• State Farm Mutual Automobile

Insurance Company

• Swift Malaysia• SwissRe• Systems Technology, Inc. • Takata• TASS• Technische Universität Dresden• Tesla• Texas A&M Transportation Institute• Texas Department of Transportation• Thomas Jefferson University• Thoroughbred Construction• TNO Defense, Security and Safety• Tom Tom• TORC Robotics• Town of Blacksburg• Toyota• Toyota – InfoTechnology Center• TransAnalytics• Transecurity• Transport Canada• Transportation Research Center, Inc.• Transurban• Travelers Insurance• Trucking Alliance• TrueMotion• TruWeather Solutions• Tsinghua University• TUV Rheinland Mobility, Inc.• United Defense, L.P. • Universidad del Pais Vasco• University of Alabama at Birmingham

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• University of Applied Sciences Dresden

• University of Calgary• University of Central Florida• University of Florida• University of Idaho• University of Illinois• University of Iowa • University of Kentucky• University of Maryland• University of Massachusetts/Amherst• University of Massachusetts – Lowell• University of Massachusetts Medical

Center • University of Melbourne • University of Michigan Transportation

Research Institute • University of Minnesota• University of Missouri• University of Missouri – Columbia • University of Nevada, Reno • University of New South Wales• University of North Carolina• University of North Carolina Highway

Safety Research Center• University of North Florida• University of Pennsylvania • University of Siegen• University of South Carolina• University of South Dakota• University of South Florida• University of Tennessee

• University of Texas at Austin• University of Toronto• University of Utah• University of Virginia• University of Washington• University of Wyoming• UPS• U.S. Air Force• U.S. Army Research Laboratory • U.S. Department of Agriculture

ChooseMyPlate.gov Program• U.S. Department of Defense• U.S. Department of Energy• U.S. Department of Justice• U.S. Department of the Navy• U.S. Department of Transportation• Valeo Comfort and Driving Assistance

Systems North America• Valoriza• Vehicle Safety Communications 3

(VSC3)• Veridian• Virginia Center for Autonomous

Systems • Virginia Center for Coal and Energy

Research• Virginia Department of Conservation

and Recreation• Virginia Department of Environmental

Quality • Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles• Virginia Department of Rail and Public

Transportation

• Virginia Department of Transportation• Virginia Department of Transportation

Operations and Security Division• Virginia Rail Policy Institute• Virginia Tech Foundation• Virginia Tech Parking Auxiliary • Virginia Tourism Commission• Virginia Transportation Research

Council • Visteon Corporation • Volkswagen-Audi• Volpe National Transportation

Systems Center• Volvo• Volvo Technology of America, Inc.• Volvo Trucks North America• Washington State Department of

Transportation • Waymo• Wayne State University• Weigh-In-Motion• West Virginia State • WESTAT • Western Research Institute• Windwalker Corporation• Wisconsin Department of

Transportation• WSP USA• Wyle Laboratories• Xiaoju Science and Technology

Limited• Yale University• ZF TRW

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SPONSORSc l i e n ts & pa rt n e r s

O U T R E A C H & c o m m u n i t y e n g a g e m e n t

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During FY19, numerous representatives

of current and potential sponsoring/

partnering organizations, marketing

groups, and conference groups visited

VTTI and/or the Virginia Smart Roads,

including, but not limited to, the following:

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OUTREACH& c o m m u n i t y e n g a g e m e n t• Association for Unmanned Vehicle

Systems International (AUVSI)

• AVIS

• Blacksburg Transit

• City of Salem

• City of Suffolk

• Daimler

• Dell

• Department of Justice

• DMV Highway Safety Office

• EasyMile

• Economic Development Partners

• Excel Truck Group

• Federal Highway Administration

• Georgia Tech

• Google

• Grainger

• Honda R&D

• Illinois Department of Transportation

• Intel

• Intelligent Automation

• Iowa Department of Transportation

• Kansas Department of Transportation

• NASA

• New River Valley Regional Commission

• Phillips Corp.

• Pierce Transit

• Red Cross

• Roanoke Valley-Alleghany Regional Commission

• South Carolina Department of Transportation

• Texas Department of Transportation

• TORC

• Town of Rocky Mount

• Toyota North America

• Transurban

• Virginia Department for the Blind and Vision Impaired

• Virginia Tech Advanced Research Computing

• Virginia Tech Carilion

• Virginia Tech Civil and Environmental Engineering Department

• Virginia Tech Class of 1969

• Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center

• Virginia Tech Haun Center

• Virginia Tech Institutional Review Board

• Virginia Tech Office of Sponsored Programs

In partnership with employees from VDOT, the institute hosted an open house for the general public and a school day event (grades K-12) in April 2019, with more than 600 in attendance.

VTTI and its facilities were well represented at several international and national

industry conferences, symposia, and meetings, including, but not limited to:

• 1st IRF Regional Conference and Exhibition for Road Safety (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

• 2nd Annual Center for Advanced Transportation Mobility (CATM) Symposium

• 5th International Symposium on Future Active Safety Technology toward Zero Accidents (FAST-zero-19)

• 7th National Occupational Injury Research Symposium

• 7th Naturalistic Driving Research Symposium

• 8th World Congress of Biomechanics (Ireland)

• 9th European FWD User Group Meeting (Darmstadt, Germany)

• 12th National Conference on Transportation Asset Management

• 21st Colombian Pavement Engineering Symposium (Medellin, Colombia)

• 21st IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems

• 24th International Conference of Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies

• 25th ITS World Congress (Copenhagen, Denmark)

• 30th Road Profiler User Group Conference

• 2018 Conference of Digital Signal

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Processing in Vehicles (Nagoya, Japan)

• 2019 Women in Statistics and Data Science Conference

• AEES Conference

• Annual Scientific Conference of AAAM

• Artificial Light at Night Conference

• ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conference and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (Canada)

• ATA Safety Management Council

• Automated Vehicle External Human Machine Interface (eHMI) Harmonization Workshop

• Automated Vehicles Symposium

• Autonomous Vehicle Safety Regulation World Congress

• CanalRisk 360 Conference

• Consensus Safety Measurement Methodologies for Automated Driving System-Equipped Vehicles Workshop

• Department of Energy Research and Development Workshop

• DiDi Research Institute (Beijing, China)

• Enhanced Safety of Vehicles 26th Annual Meeting (Eindhoven, Netherlands)

• Fleet Safety Conference

• FMVSS Considerations for Automated Driving Systems Stakeholder Meeting

• Gypsum Management & Supply’s Semi-Annual Meeting for Risk Management and Safety

• Heavy Duty Trucking Webinar

• Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting

• Intelligent and Connected Vehicle Data Collaboration Seminar

• International Conference on Frontiers of Data Science (Hangzhou, China)

• International Council on Biomechanics of Injury (Athens, Greece)

• International Forum on Preservation of Urban Roads (Bogotá, Colombia)

• International Symposium on Heavy Vehicle Transport Technology (Rotterdam, Netherlands)

• IRF Global Road2Tunnel Conference

• ISES-ISEE Joint Annual Meeting (Canada)

• LifeSavers Conference

• LIGHTFAIR International

• Mobility 21 - Next Generation of Truck Freight Transport Summit

• National Institute of Standards and Technology Workshop

• Naturalistic Driving Research Symposium (Melbourne, Australia)

• Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium

• PIARC International Seminar on Asset Management (Malaysia)

• SAE Government/Industry Meeting

• SAE International Automated and Connected Vehicle Systems Testing Symposium

• SAE World Congress

• Sleep Scientific Meeting

• Smart Lighting and Smart Controls Conference (Sydney, Australia)

• Spireon, Inc. Webinar

• Stapp Car Crash Conference

• Street and Area Lighting Conference

• SXSW “Autonomy” Panel, with Malcolm Gladwell

• Symposium on Road Safety for Postal, Courier and Logistics Industry (Malaysia)

• Transportation Association of Canada

• Transportation Research Board 98th Annual Meeting

• University of Iowa/AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety Forum on Vehicle Technologies and Automation

• University Risk Management Conference for Virginia Universities

• Virginia Driver Distraction Summit

• Virginia Highway Safety Summit

• Virginia Tech Center for Gerontology 5x5x5

• World Safety Summit

• World Usability Day: Designing for Good or Evil? (Portugal)

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PRESENTATIONSH O N O R Sa w a r d s & s e r v i c e s

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Alden, A. A. (2019, May). Interstate 81 – Issues and Initiatives. Intelligent Transportation Society of Virginia (ITSVA) Annual Meeting, Richmond, VA.

Alden, A. A. (2019, May). Low Speed Autonomous Vehicle Research. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Blacksburg, VA.

Alden, A. A. (2019, April). Interstate 81 – Issues and Initiatives. Precast Concrete Association of Virginia – Annual Meeting, Charlottesville, VA.

Alden, A. A. (2019, April). Roadside Truck Placard Readers for Advanced Notice and Response at Safety-Critical Facilities. VTRC Hazmat Placard Project and IIS Drivewize Opportunities, Blacksburg, VA.

Alden, A. A. (2019, April). Advanced Transportation Technology and Weather. UCAR Congressional Science Briefing, Washington, DC.

Alden, A. A. (2019, January). Recovery of Applied Road Salts Through Phytoremediation and Opportunities for Reuse. Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.

Alden, A. A, Sakano, R., Grove, K., & Druta, C., (2018, November). Automated Last Mile Connectivity for Vulnerable Road Users – Project Update. 2nd Annual Center for Advanced Transportation Mobility (CATM) Symposium, Blacksburg, VA.

Alden, A. A. (2018, October). Highway Freight Transport - Issues, Safety Impacts, and Potential Solutions. Mobility 21 - Next Generation of Truck Freight Transport Summit, Philadelphia, PA.

Alden, A. A. (2018, October). Autonomous Vehicles and Weather Data. American Meteorology Summit - Automated Vehicle & Meteorology Summit, Washington, DC.

Alden, A. A. (2018, October). Unmanned Aerial Systems and Road Transportation. Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) Ridge and Valley Conference, Blacksburg, VA.

Alden, A. A. (2018, July). Roadside Recovery and Reuse of Applied Road Salts. Transportation Research Board Resource Conservation and Recovery Committee (ADC 60) Workshop, Spokane, WA.

Aljamal, M. A., Rakha, H. A., Du, J., & El-Shawarby, I. (2018, November). Comparison of Microscopic and Mesoscopic Traffic Modeling Tools for Evacuation Analysis. In 2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) (pp. 2321-2326). IEEE.

Almannaa, M. E., Guo, F., & Rakha, H. A. (2018, November). Incremental learning models of bike counts at bike sharing systems. 21st IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Maui, Hawaii.

Almannaa, M., Chen, H., Rakha, H. A., Loulizi, A., & El-Shawarby, I. (2018, July). Development and Controlled Field Evaluation of an Automated Eco-Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control System in the Vicinity of Signalized Intersections. Automated Vehicles Symposium, San Francisco, CA.

Antin, J. F. (2019, February). Examining Senior Drivers’ Adaptation to Advanced Driver Assistance Systems: A Naturalistic Approach. Center for Gerontology 5x5x5, Blacksburg, VA.

Antin, J. F. (2018, November). Investigating Interactions of Functional Health with Senior Driver Safety & Mobility Using SHRP 2 Naturalistic Driving Study Data. Presentation to the International Perspective on Health, Functioning, and Mobility: Findings from Naturalistic Driving Studies Symposium, Gerontological Society of America

PRESENTATIONSh o n o r s , a w a r d s , & s e r v i c e sPresentations, Conference Papers, and Proceedings

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Annual Meeting, Boston, MA.

Bareiss, M., & Gabler, H. C. (2019, April). Long-Term Evolution of Straight Crossing Path Crash Occurrence in the U.S. Fleet: The Potential of Intersection Active Safety Systems. 2019 SAE World Congress.

Bhagavathula, R., Williams, B., Owens, J., & Gibbons, R. (2018, September). The reality of virtual reality: A comparison of pedestrian behavior in real and virtual environments. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 2056-2060). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.

Blanco, M., Chaka, M., Gabler, C., Stowe, L., Hardy, W., McNeil, J., Fitchett, V., & Lee, E. (2019). Assessment, evaluation, and approaches to technical translations of FMVSS and test procedures that may impact compliance of innovative new vehicle designs associated with automated driving systems. In Proceedings of the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles 26th Annual Meeting. Eindhoven, Netherlands: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Blanco, M. (2019, June). FMVSS Considerations for Vehicles with Automated Driving Systems. Presented at the Consensus Safety Measurement Methods for ADS-Equipped Vehicles Workshop, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.

Blanco, M. (2018, October). Responsible Autonomous Vehicle Deployment Panel. Panel member, World Safety Summit, Santa Clara, CA.

Camden, M. C. (2019, June). Advancing Commercial Vehicle Safety with Advanced Technologies. Invited presentation, Canal Insurance’s CanalRisk360 Conference, Greenville, SC.

Camden, M. C., & Grove, K. (2019, May). Advancing Commercial Vehicle Safety: Results from Two Decades of Solution-Focused Research. Invited presentation, Gypsum Management & Supply’s Semi-Annual Meeting for Risk

Management and Safety, Atlanta, GA.

Camden, M. C., Hickman, J. S., & Hanowski, R. J. (2019, January). Transit IDEA 88: Evaluation of an Automatic, Individual Computer-Based Operator Education and Training Program. Poster presented at the Transportation Research Board’s 98th Annual Conference, Washington, DC.

Camden, M. C., Hickman, J. S., Soccolich, S. A., & Hanowski, R. J. (2019, January). Recommendations for Reducing Equipment Factors Causing Fatigue in Snowplow Operations. Poster presented at the Transportation Research Board’s 98th Annual Conference, Washington, DC.

Camden, M. C. (2018, November). Braking Crash Rates: Build a Successful Safety Culture in Your Fleet. Webinar hosted by Spireon, Inc.

Camden, M. C. (2018, October). Investigating large truck advanced safety systems: Examining the research on effectiveness, cost, and benefits. Invited presentation, Canal Insurance Company’s 2018 General Agents Meeting, Greenville, SC.

Camden, M. C., Medina-Flintsch, A., Hickman, J. S., & Hanowski, R. J. (2018, October). Calculating the ROI of Heavy Vehicle Safety Technologies. Paper presented at the 2018 Annual Fleet Safety Conference, Henderson, NV.

Camden, M. C. (2018, September). Exploring Advanced Safety Technologies: Functionality, Effectiveness, and Return-on-Investment. Webinar hosted by Heavy Duty Trucking.

Chaka, M. (2019, June). Development of Safety Testing for Automated Driving Systems. Consensus Safety Measurement Methodologies for Automated Driving System-Equipped Vehicles Workshop, Gaithersburg, MD.

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Chaka, M. (2019, April). Development of Safety Testing for Automated Driving Systems. SAE Government/Industry Meeting, Washington, DC.

Chaka, M. (2018, November). Expert Panel Discussion: FMVSS Project Update Crash Avoidance and Analysis of Regulatory Information Communicated in an ADS-DV. November Stakeholder Meeting: FMVSS Considerations for Automated Driving Systems, Washington, DC.

Chaka, M. (2018, October). Automated-vehicle Deployment is Happening— Ensuring a Future with Enhanced Safety and Mobility Realized. Autonomous Vehicle Safety Regulation World Congress, Novi, MI.

Chen, H., Rakha, H. A., & El-Shawarby, I. (2019, January). An Eco-Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control System for Buses at Signalized Intersections: System Development and Field Testing (Paper No. 19-01770). Transportation Research Board (TRB) 98th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.

Chen, H., & Rakha, H. A. (2019, January). Developing a Traffic Signal Eco-Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control System for Battery Electric Vehicles (Paper No. 19-00572). Transportation Research Board (TRB) 98th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.

Dinges, D. F., Maislin, G., Hanowski, R. J., Mollicone, D. J., Hickman, J. S., Maislin, D.,… & Kaizi-Lutu, M. (2019). Sleep quantity and quality, PVT-B performance, and subjective sleepiness, fatigue, and stress in commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers: On-duty days vs. restart (off-duty) days. Paper presented at the Sleep Scientific Meeting, San Antonio, TX.

Dingus, T. A. (2019). What NDS tells us about driver distraction. Invited talk, TRB Executive Committee Briefing, Woods Hole, MA.

Dingus, T. A. (2019). Q&A panelist, “Autonomy” movie premiere, feat. Malcolm Gladwell. SXSW, Austin, TX.

Dingus, T. A. (2018). Invited panelist, University of Iowa and AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety Forum on Vehicle Technologies and Automation.

Dingus, T. A. (2018). Deploying safe, robust, and reliable CAV technologies: Now comes the hard part. Invited keynote, SAE International Automated and Connected Vehicle Systems Testing Symposium, Greenville, SC.

Druta, C. (2019, June). Preventing Animal-Vehicle Crashes Using a Smart Roadside Detection Technology and Warning System. AEES Conference, Stream Corridor Restoration Session, Asheville, NC.

Druta, C. (2019, May). Effects of Weather, Traffic, and Roadway Infrastructure on Interstate Secondary Crashes. FHWA Pooled Fund Study on SHRP2 Data - Advancing Implementable Solutions, Blacksburg, VA.

Druta, C., & Kassing, A. (2019, January). Assessing Driver Behavior Using SHRP2 Adverse Weather Data (Paper No. 19-04244). TRB 98th Annual Meeting, Session 1311 - Human Factors: Driver Health, Behavior, Technology, and the Environment, Washington, DC.

Du, J., & Rakha, H. A. (2019, January). Constructing a Network Fundamental Diagram: A Synthetic Origin-Destination Approach (Paper No. 19-00044). Transportation Research Board (TRB) 98th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.

Flintsch, G. W. (2019, May). Comprehensive Pavement Assessments Using Continuous Deflection. Webinar hosted by the Transportation Research Board.

Flintsch, G. W. (2019, May). Información para la Toma de Decisiones (Information for Decision Making). Invited presentation, International Forum on Preservation of Urban Roads, Bogotá, Colombia.

PRESENTATIONSh o n o r s , a w a r d s , & s e r v i c e s

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Flintsch, G. W. (2019, April). US Experience on Using TSD-based Structural Indices for Network-Level Pavement Management. 9th European FWD User Group Meeting, Darmstadt, Germany.

Flintsch, G. W. (2018, November). The Future of Road Engineering: The Road of the Future. Invited panel presentation, IRF Global Road2Tunnel Conference, Las Vegas, NV.

Flintsch, G. W., & Medina, A. (2018, November). Managing Assets in the Age of Autonomous Vehicles, Intelligent Infrastructure and Human-Centered Communities. IRF Global Road2Tunnel Conference, Las Vegas, NV.

Flintsch, G. W., de León, E., & Medina, A. (2018, November). Proactive Pavement Friction Management in Virginia, A Key Tool for Reducing Crashes and Associated Fatalities. IRF Global Road2Tunnel Conference, Las Vegas, NV.

Flintsch, G. W., Medina, A., Pereyra, A., & Uechi, L. (2018, November). State of the Practice on Transportation Asset Management in Latin America. IRF Global Road2Tunnel Conference, Las Vegas, NV.

Flintsch, G. W. (2018, October). PIARC Efforts for Training the Next Generation of Asset Managers. Invited presentation, PIARC International Seminar on Asset Management: Global Approaches to Advance Road Asset Management, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.

Flintsch, G. W. (2018, October). Managing Assets in the Age of Autonomous Vehicles, Intelligent Infrastructure and Human-Centered Communities. Invited presentation, PIARC International Seminar on Asset Management: Global Approaches to Advance Road Asset Management, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.

Flintsch, G. W. (2018, September). Guidance to Predict and Mitigate Dynamic Hydroplaning on Roadways - Project Update. 30th Road Profiler User Group

Conference, Rapid City, SD.

Flintsch, G. W. (2018, August). Gestión de Pavimentos en los Tiempos de los Vehículos Autónomos y la Infraestructura Inteligente (Pavement Management in the Age of Autonomous Vehicles and Intelligent Infrastructure). Keynote speech, XXI Colombian Pavement Engineering Symposium, Medellin, Colombia.

Flintsch, G. W. (2018, August). Impacto de Incorporar la Seguridad Vial a la Gestión de Activos Viales (Impact of Incorporating Road Safety to Road Asset Management). Keynote speech, XXI Colombian Pavement Engineering Symposium, Medellin, Colombia.

Flintsch, G. W. (2018, July).Advancing Asset Management Research and Education Using Case Studies. 12th National Conference on Transportation Asset Management, San Diego, CA.

Gibbons, R. (2019, May). Life is a Highway – RP-8 – The New Roadway Handbook. Presented at LIGHTFAIR International, Philadelphia, PA.

Gibbons, R. (2019, April).Adaptive lighting and road safety. Presented at the Smart Lighting and Smart Controls Conference, Sydney, Australia.

Gibbons, R. (2019, January). Challenges for Data Collection in the Outdoor Environment. Presented at the Department of Energy Research and Development Workshop.

Gibbons, R. (2018, November). The Balance of Roadway and Outdoor Lighting. Presented at the Artificial Light at Night Conference, Park City, UT.

Gibbons, R. (2018, September). Light Sources and the Impact on Health, Safety and Visibility. Presented at the Street and Area Lighting Conference.

Guo, F. (2019, May). Modeling Crash Risk. International Conference on Frontiers of

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Data Science, Hangzhou, China.

Guo, F. (2018, November). Driving Scenario and ADS Research using Naturalistic Driving Studies. Intelligent and Connected Vehicle Data Collaboration Seminar, Sacramento, CA.

Guo, F. (2018, October). Modeling Driving Risk. University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.

Guo, F. (2018, October). Time-Varying Coefficient Model for Evaluating Commercial Truck Driver Performance. The 7th National Occupational Injury Research Symposium, Morgantown, WV.

Guo, F. (2018, August). Modeling Naturalistic Driving Study Data. DiDi Research Institute, Beijing, China.

Guo, F., Klauer, S. G., Han, S., Peterson, J., & Hankey, J. M. (2018, August). How driver behavior differs in Canada and US. The 7th Naturalistic Driving Research Symposium, Blacksburg, VA.

Guo, F. (2018, August). Model Driving Risk Through Naturalistic Driving Studies. Joint Statistical Meeting, Vancouver, Canada.

Hankey, S., Du, J., Wang, J., Rakha, H. A., & Sforza, P. (2018, August). Merging Mobile Measurements, Traffic Emissions Models, and Land Use Regression Towards Real-Time Estimation of Traffic-Related Air Pollution. ISES-ISEE Joint Annual Meeting, Ottawa, Canada.

Hanowski, R. J., Soccolich, S., Hammond, R. L., Glenn, L., Ibrahim, M. K. A. B., & Rashid, A. A. B. A. (accepted). Motorcycle-heavy vehicle crashes: USA data and implications for other parts of the world. The 24th International Conference of Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies (HKSTS), Hong Kong.

Hanowski, R. (2019, June).

Truck Driver Fatigue in Fleet Operations. 1st IRF Regional Conference & Exhibition for Road Safety, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Hanowski, R. (2019, June). Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety: Best Practices and Promising Technologies. Symposium on Road Safety for Postal, Courier and Logistics Industry, Putrajaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

Hanowski, R. (2018, December). Naturalistic Driving Study Results Informing Transportation Policy: Examples from the Commercial Motor Vehicle Domain. 2nd Edition, Conference of ASEAN Road Safety 2018, Selangor, Malaysia.

Hanowski, R. (2018, October). FAST DASH: A program to evaluate promising safety technologies for truck and bus operations. International Symposium on Heavy Vehicle Transport Technology, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Hanowski, R. (2018, August). FAST DASH: A technology evaluation program promoting promising safety technologies in commercial vehicle operations. ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conference & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Quebec City, Canada.

Hardy, W. N., Kemper, A. R., Untaroiu, C. D., & McNeil, J. (2018, November). Crashworthiness and Occupant Protection Update: FMVSS 200-Series Research Tasks. FMVSS Considerations for Automated Driving Systems Stakeholder Meeting, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.

Hardy, W. N., Kalra, A., Greb, J., & Kim, A. (2018, October). Deformation Patterns in WorldSID 50th Percentile Dummy Instrumented with IR-TRACC and RibEyeTM in Different Loading Configurations. 61st Annual Scientific Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM), Nashville, TN.


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Hickman, J. S., Soccolich, S. A., & Hanowski, R. J. (accepted). Truck and Bus Driver Distraction using Naturalistic Driving Crash Data. Naturalistic Driving Research Symposium, Melbourne, Australia.

Hickman, J. S., Camden, M. C., Medina-Flintsch, A., Hanowski, R. J., & Tefft, B. (2019, June). Societal benefit of automatic emergency braking, lane departure warning, and video-based onboard monitoring systems in large trucks. Paper presented at the 26th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), Eindhoven, Netherlands.

Hickman, J. S. (2018).Effect of Automated Trucks on the US Economy: Summary from an NSF workshop. Paper presented at the annual Automated Vehicles Symposium, San Francisco, CA.

Ibrahim, M. K. A., Hamid, H., Rashid, A. A. A., Jamil, H. M., & Hanowski, R. (2019, June). A motorcycle naturalistic study of crash risk attributed to geometric design and riding behaviors (Abstract). Paper presented at the 1st IRF Regional Conference & Exhibition for Road Safety, “The Road to Zero,” Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Kang, K., Elbery, A., Rakha, H. A., Bichiou, Y., & Yang, H. (2018, November). Optimal Lane Selection on Freeways within a Connected Vehicle Environment. 21st IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (IEEE ITSC 2018), Maui, Hawaii.

Katzenberger, M., Albert, D. L., Agnew, A. M., & Kemper, A. R. (2019). Effect of Strain Rate and Age on the Tensile Material Properties of Rib Cortical Bone. Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium, Columbus, OH.

Kim, H., Martin, S., Tawari, A., Misu, T., & Gabbard, J. L. (accepted). Toward Prediction of Driver Awareness of Automotive Hazards: Driving Video Based Simulation Approach. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting.

Kim, H. (2018, October). Quantifying distraction potential of augmented reality head-up displays for vehicle drivers. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA.

Kim, H., & Gabbard, J. L. (2018, September). Quantifying Distraction Potential of Augmented Reality Head-Up Displays for Vehicle Drivers. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 1923-1923). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.

Klauer, S. (2019, May). Risks of Distracted Driving: Latest Research Results and Future Directions. Virginia Highway Safety Summit, Roanoke, VA.

Klauer, S. (2019, April). Using Technology to Reduce Driver Distraction Among Teen Drivers. LifeSavers Conference, Louisville, KY.

Klauer, S. (2019, January). Understanding Drivers in Naturalistic Environments. Invited moderator, User Characteristics Committee Session, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.

Klauer, S. (2018, November). Distracted Driving and Risk of Road Crashes Across Drivers of Different Age Groups. University Risk Management Conference for Virginia Universities, Charlottesville, VA.

Klauer, S. (2018, October). An Overview of the Canada Naturalistic Driving And Canada Truck Naturalistic Driving Studies. Transportation Association of Canada, Saskatoon, SK.

Klauer, S. (2018, October). Teen Driving Research: Plotting a Course Toward Zero Teen Deaths. ISE Advisory Board Meeting, Blacksburg, VA.

Klauer, S. (2018, September). Distracted Driving: Overview of the Literature, Converging Results, and Future Steps. Virginia Driver Distraction Summit, Richmond, VA.

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Lisle, L., Tanous, K., Kim, H., Gabbard, J. L., & Bowman, D. A. (2018, September). Effect of Volumetric Displays on Depth Perception in Augmented Reality. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (pp. 155-163). ACM.

Liu, Y., Guo, F. & Hanowski, R. J. (2018, August). Impact of Sleep Time on Truck Driver Performance Over Long Driving Shift. The 7th Naturalistic Driving Symposium, Blacksburg VA.

Mabry, J. E. (2019). Findings from the Commercial Driver Safety Risk Factors (CDSRF) Study. Presented at the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.

Mabry, J. E. (2019). Findings from the Commercial Driver Safety Risk Factors (CDSRF) Study. Presented at the ATA Safety Management Council, Arlington, VA.

McNeil, E., Hermundstad, A., VandeVord, P., & Hardy, W. (2018, November). High-Speed Biplane X-Ray Head Impact Experiments in the Göttingen Minipig. Stapp Car Crash Conference, San Diego, CA.

Merenda, C., Kim, H., Tanous, K., Gabbard, J. L., Feichtl, B., Misu, T., & Suga, C. (2018). Augmented reality interface design approaches for goal-directed and stimulus-driven driving tasks. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics, 24(11), 2875-2885.

Miller, A. (2019, February). Using a Cognitive Work Analysis Framework to Introduce Automation in Room-and-Pillar Mining. Society of Mining Engineers, Denver, CO.

Miller, A. (2018, November). Vulnerable Road User Mobility Assistance Platform (VRU-MAP). Center for Advanced Transportation Mobility, Blacksburg, VA.

Miller, A. (2018, October). Overview of Canada Truck Naturalistic Data with Crash and

Near Crash Types and Comparable US Data. Transportation Association of Canada, Saskatoon, Canada.

Miller, A. (2018, October). Project Overview: Vulnerable Road User Mobility Assistance Platform (VRU-MAP). Southeastern Transportation Research, Innovation, Development & Education (STRIDE), Clemson, SC.

Miller, A. (2018, September).Industry-Recommended Practices on In-Vehicle Monitoring System Usage in the Oil and Gas Industry. NIOSH Occupational Research Agenda Motor Vehicle Workgroup, Houston, TX.

Osman, O., & Rakha, H. A. (2018, July). Application of Deep Learning for Characterization of Driver Engagement in Secondary Tasks. Automated Vehicles Symposium, San Francisco, CA.

Perez, M., Green, C., Avitabile, M., Klauer, C., Schaudt, A., & Trimble, T. (2019, April). The Technical Aspects of Self-driving Cars. Panel Member, Choices and Challenges: Self-driving Cars in the New River Valley, Blacksburg, VA.

Perez, M. A. (2018, November). SAFE-D – VTTI’s National UTC (Session). 2nd Annual Symposium of the Center for Advanced Transportation Mobility, Blacksburg, VA.

Perez, M. A. (2018, October). Biomedical Engineering at Virginia Tech: Human Factors in Transportation (Seminar). Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; University of Puerto Rico – Mayaguez campus, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico.

Perez, M. A. (2018, October). Digital Signal Processing in Action: Naturalistic Driving Research. Keynote address, 2018 Conference of Digital Signal Processing in Vehicles, Nagoya, Japan.

Perez, M. A. (2018, August). Power vs. Responsibility: Naturalistic Driving Data Use Cases. Contributed Session - Privacy Protections for Transportation Data in the Big Data Environment, Joint Statistical Meeting,


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Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Radlbeck, J., Crane, Z., & Schaudt, W. A. (2019, April).Communication Breakdown: Beginning to Understand How to Avoid Automated Vehicle Miscommunication. Poster presented at Choices and Challenges: Self-driving Cars in the New River Valley, Blacksburg, VA.

Rau, P., Russell, S., Blanco, M., Fitchett, V., & Atwood, J. (2019). Naturalistic Study of Level 2 Driving Automation Functions. In Proceedings of the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles 26th Annual Meeting. Eindhoven, Netherlands: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Sarkar, A., Engstrom, J., & Hanowski, R. (accepted). A comprehensive study on the impact of cut-in events in deployment of truck platooning. The 5th International Symposium on Future Active Safety Technology toward Zero Accidents (FAST-zero-19), Blacksburg, VA.

Sarkar, A., Stowe, L., & Petersen, A. (accepted). Tractor Trailer BSM parameters Estimation for Smart Tractor V2V deployment using Cameras. The 5th International Symposium on Future Active Safety Technology toward Zero Accidents (FAST-zero-19), Blacksburg, VA.

Sarkar, A., Klauer, C., Pearson, J., Hanowski, R., & Hankey, J. (2018, August). Overview and preliminary analysis of Canada Truck Naturalistic Driving Study. Presented at the Naturalistic Driving Research Symposium, Blacksburg, VA.

Schaudt, W. A., Mackie, P., LaRocco, B., & Zuchorski, S. (2019, March). Connected, Autonomous, Shared, and Electric (CASE) Vehicles; The Latest and Greatest Developments and Impacts. Panel member, 4th Annual Northern Virginia Transportation Roundtable Driven by Innovation, Fairfax, VA.

Schaudt, W. A. (2018, November). The Good, the Bad and the Automated. Keynote speaker, World Usability Day: Designing for Good or Evil? In association

with the Center for Computer Graphics, University of Mihno, Guimaraes, Portugal.

Schaudt, W. A. (2018, November). Portuguese usability landscape round table: New usability challenges. Panel member, Perception, Interaction and Usability Open Day. In association with the Center for Computer Graphics, University of Mihno, Guimaraes, Portugal.

Schaudt, W. A. (2018, November). What we still Don’t Know about the Future of Automated Vehicles. Invited speaker, Virginia Tech Lifelong Learning Institute, Blacksburg, VA.

Schaudt, W. A. (2018, July). A Study of Automated Vehicle External Communication in the Wild. 2018 Automated Vehicles Symposium: Breakout Session #25, San Francisco, CA.

Schaudt, W. A. (2018, July). Update on AV External Communication Activities within the International Organization for Standardization. 2018 Automated Vehicles Symposium: Breakout Session #25, San Francisco, CA.

Schaudt, W. A. (2018, July). Update on AV External Communication Activities within the International Organization for Standardization. Automated Vehicle External Human Machine Interface (eHMI) Harmonization Workshop, San Francisco, CA.

Schaudt, W. A. (2018, July). Road User Behavior in Presence of AV Visual e-HMI in the Wild. Automated Vehicle External Human Machine Interface (eHMI) Harmonization Workshop, San Francisco, CA.

Schaudt, W. A. (2018, July). The Evolution of Automated Vehicles on our Roadways. Invited speaker, Blacksburg and Christiansburg Rotary Club, Blacksburg, VA.

Soccolich, S., Hickman, J., & Hanowski, R. (accepted).Comparing random and spurious baselines as control events in naturalistic driving studies. 2019 Women in Statistics and Data Science Conference, Bellevue, WA.

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Song, M. (2019, January). Validations of Integrated DVI Configurations in Message Management within a Connected Vehicle Environment. 98th TRB Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.

Trimble, T. E. (2019, January). Implications of connected and automated driving systems (Paper No. P19-21848). Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.

Trimble, T. E. (2018, July). Implications of Automation for State Motor Vehicle Codes (Poster No. 8). Poster presented at the Automated Vehicles Symposium 2018, San Francisco, CA.

Viray, R., White, E., Mollenhauer, M., & Doerzaph, Z. (2018). System Overview and Descriptive Evaluation of Baseline Communication Performance of the Virginia Connected Corridors. Paper presented at the 25th ITS World Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Wang, J., & Rakha, H. A. (2018, November). Virginia Tech Comprehensive Powered-based Fuel Consumption Model: Modeling Compressed Natural Gas Buses. 21st IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (IEEE ITSC 2018), Maui, Hawaii.

Wotring, B. (2019, April).VTTI: Advancing Transportation through Technology. Presented to the Dayspring Christian Academy Driver’s Education Group, Blacksburg, VA.

Yang, H., Almutairi, F., & Rakha, H. A. (2018, July). Eco-Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control at Signalized Intersections: A Multiple Signal Optimization Approach. Automated Vehicles Symposium, San Francisco, CA.

Yang, H., & Rakha, H. A. (2018, July).Feedback Control Speed Harmonization Algorithm: Methodology & Preliminary Testing. Automated Vehicles Symposium, San Francisco, CA.

Ahangari, S., Moghaddam, Z., Jeihani, M., Celeste, C., Chen, H., Rakha, H. A., & Kang, K. (2019, January). Investigating the Effectiveness of an Eco-Speed Control System in the Vicinity of Signalized Intersections using a Driving Simulator (Paper No. 19-00716). Transportation Research Board (TRB) 98th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.

Albert, D. L., Beeman, S. M., & Kemper, A. R. (2018). Assessment of Thoracic Response and Injury Risk using the Hybrid III, THOR-M, and Post-Mortem Human Surrogates under Various Restraint Conditions in Full-Scale Frontal Sled Tests. 62nd Stapp Car Crash Conference, San Diego, CA.

Albert, D. L., Beeman, S. M., & Kemper, A. R. (2018). Evaluation of Hybrid III and THOR-M Neck Kinetics and Injury Risk under Various Restraint Conditions during Full-Scale Frontal Sled Tests. 62nd Annual Scientific Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Nashville, TN.

Albert, D., Kang, Y. S., Agnew, A., & Kemper, A. (2018). The effect of injurious whole rib loading on rib cortical bone material properties. International Council on Biomechanics of Injury. Athens, Greece, 680-687.

Albert, D. L., Beeman, S. M., Hardy, W. N., & Kemper, A. R. (2018, July). Measurement of Post-Mortem Human Surrogate Femur Loads using Strain Gage Arrays during Full-Frontal Sled Tests. Abstract/Podium Presentation, 8th World Congress of Biomechanics, Dublin, Ireland.

Alhadidi, T., & Rakha, H. A. (2019, January). Stochastic Modeling of Bus Passenger Boarding/Alighting Times (Paper No. 19-02703). Transportation Research Board (TRB) 98th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.


Student Presentations, Conference Papers, and Proceedingsincludes those made in collaboration with virginia tech student author(s)

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Almannaa, M., Elhenawy, M., Guo, F., & Rakha, H. A. (2018, November). Incremental Learning Models of Bike Counts at Bike Sharing Systems. 21st IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (IEEE ITSC 2018), Maui, Hawaii.

Almannaa, M., Bareiss, M., Riexinger, L., & Guo, F. (2018, August). Does arthritis affect the behavior of drivers? The 7th Naturalistic Driving Research Symposium, Blacksburg, VA.

Ashqar, H., Elhenawy, H., Rakha, H. A., & House, L. (2019, January).Predicting Station Locations in Bike-Sharing Systems Using a Proposed Quality-of-Service Measurement: Methodology and Case Study (Paper No. 19-00101). Transportation Research Board (TRB) 98th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.

Barnes, D., Danelson, K. A., Kemper, A. R., Cristino, D. M., Mason, M. J., Tice, J., Frounfelker, P. S., Bolte, J. H., & Hardy, W. N. (2018, July). Evaluation of WIAMan Biofidelity during Explosive-Driven Vertical Acceleration. Abstract/Podium Presentation, 8th World Congress of Biomechanics, Dublin, Ireland, July 8-12, 2018.

Basantis, A., Bloomquist, E., Grambo, P., Greatcatch, R., Haus, S., Novotny, A., Riexinger, L., Alvarez, A., & Doerzaph, Z. (2019).Development of the Pre-Rear End Risk Extenuation System (PREPARES). Paper presented at the 26th Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) Student Competition, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Eindhoven, Netherlands.

Bichiou, Y., Elouni, M., & Rakha, H. A. (2019, January). A Novel Sliding Mode Network Perimeter Controller (Paper No. 19-00476). Transportation Research Board (TRB) 98th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.

Elbery, A., Rakha, H. A., & ElNainay, M. (2019). Large-Scale Modeling of VANET and Transportation Systems. Traffic and Granular Flow ’17. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11440-4_56

Elhenawy, M., Bichiou, Y., & Rakha, H. A. (2019, January). A Heuristic Algorithm for Rebalancing Large-scale Bike Sharing Systems using Multiple Trucks (Paper No. 19-00239). Transportation Research Board (TRB) 98th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.

Elouni, M., Rakha, H. A., & Bichiou, Y. (2019, January). Implementation and Investigation of a Weather- and Jam Density-tuned Network Perimeter Controller (Paper No. 19-04765). Transportation Research Board (TRB) 98th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.

Ghanem, A., & Rakha, H. A. (2019, January). Modeling Instantaneous Cyclist Acceleration and Deceleration Behavior (Paper No. 19-00211). Transportation Research Board (TRB) 98th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.

Han, W. (2019, June). A connected work zone hazard detection system for roadway construction work zones. 2019 ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering, Atlanta, GA.

Han, W., White, E., Mollenhauer, M., & Roofigari-Esfahan, N. (2019). A Connected Work Zone Hazard Detection System for Roadway Construction Workers. In Computing in Civil Engineering 2019: Smart Cities, Sustainability, and Resilience (pp. 242-250). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers.

Haus, S., & Gabler, H. C. (2018, October). Pedestrian Impact Injury Risk Curves for a U.S. Fleet. In Proceedings of the 2018 Biomedical Engineering Society Conference, Atlanta, GA.

Haus, S., Sherony, R., & Gabler, H. C. (2018, September). Feasibility of using Naturalistic Driving Data to Characterise Vehicle-Pedestrian Crashes and Near-Crashes. 2018 IRCOBI Conference.

Huang, W., Engström, J., Miller, A., Dreger, F. A., Soccolich, S., de Winter, J. C., & Ghanipoor Machiani, S. (2018, August). Analysis of differential crash and near-crash involvement based on naturalistic driving data. Presented at the 7th

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International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research (NDRS 2018), Blacksburg, VA.

Kang, K., & Rakha, H. A. (2019). Development of a Decision-Making Model for Merging Maneuvers: A Game Theoretical Approach. Traffic and Granular Flow ’17. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11440-4_56

Liang, D., Baker, S., Lau, N., & Antin, J. F. (2018, August). Examining senior drivers’ adaption to mixed level automated vehicles: Focus group results from a naturalistic driving study. Podium lecture delivered at the 7th Annual Naturalistic Driving Research Symposium, Blacksburg, VA.

Lu, D., Guo, F., & Li, F. (2018, August). Inference for the Risk of Cellphone Use While Driving. Joint Statistical Meeting, Vancouver, Canada.

Mao, H., Guo, F., & Deng, X. (2018, August). Optimal Threshold of Kinematic Signature in Predicting Crashes. The 7th Naturalistic Driving Research Symposium, Blacksburg, VA.

Mao, H., Guo, F., Deng, X. (2018, August). Decision-Adjusted Predictive Modeling Approach for Driver Risk Assessment. Joint Statistical Meeting, Vancouver, Canada.

McNeil, E. M., Guettler, A. J., VandeVord, P. J., & Hardy, W. N. (2018, August). High-Speed Biplane X-ray Head Impact Experiments in the Göttingen Minipig. Military Health System Research Symposium, Kissimee, FL.

McNeil, E. M., Guettler, A. J., VandeVord, P. J., & Hardy, W. N. (2018, July). High-Speed Biplane X-Ray Head Impact Experiments in the Göttingen Minipig. 8th World Congress of Biomechanics, Dublin, Ireland.

Mohan, S., Yan, F., Bellotti, V., Elbery, A., Rakha, H. A., & Klenk, M. (2019, January). On Influencing Individual Behavior for Reducing Transportation Energy Expenditure in a Large Population. AAAI/ACM Conference

on Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society, Honolulu, HI.

Noble, A., Lu, D., Basantis, A., Guo, F., Klauer, S., & Perez, M. A. (2018). Characterization of conventional cruise control engagement using naturalistic driving data. 7th International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research, Blacksburg, VA.

Riexinger, L., & Gabler, H. C. (2019, April). Has Electronic Stability Control Reduced Rollover Crashes? 2019 SAE World Congress.

Riexinger, L., & Gabler, H. C. (2019, January). Preliminary Characterization of Road Departure Impact Conditions Using Event Data Recorders. 2019 Transportation Research Conference.

Riexinger, L., & Gabler, H. C. (2018, October). Incidence and Fatal Injury outcomes in Rollover Crashes. In Proceedings of the 2018 Biomedical Engineering Society Conference, Atlanta, GA.

Riexinger, L., & Gabler, H. C. (2018, September). A Preliminary Characterization of Driver Maneuvers in Road Departure Crashes. 2018 IRCOBI Conference.

Shrestha, S., Katicha, S. W., & Flintsch, G. W. (2018, November).Use of Pavement Structural Condition Data from Traffic Speed Deflectometer for Network-Level Pavement Management Decision-making Process. IRF Global Road2Tunnel Conference, Las Vegas, NV.

Wang, J., Ghanem, A., Rakha, H. A., & Klenk, M. (2019, January).A Rail Transit Simulation System for Multi-modal Eco-Routing Applications (Paper No. 19-00256). Transportation Research Board (TRB) 98th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.


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Andy Alden• Member, Board of Advisors for the Virginia Center for

Unmanned Systems at the Virginia Center for Innovative Technology

• Member and Paper Review Chair, National Academies Transportation Research Board Subcommittee on Unmanned Aerial Systems

• Member, American Meteorological Association Committee on Weather and Autonomous Systems

• Member, American Meteorological Association Committee on Intelligent Transportation Systems and Surface Transportation (ITS/ST)

• Member and Trainer, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality Salt Management Strategy Program

• Member, Great Washington Board of Trade Smart Region Movement – Mobility and Logistics Solution Group

• Panelist, National Academies Transportation Research Board NCHRP Project 14-40: Comparison of Cost, Safety, and Environmental Benefits of Routine Mowing and Managed Succession of Roadside Vegetation

Jon Antin• Organized and hosted the 2nd Annual CATM Symposium,

November 2018

Myra Blanco• Invited to join the External Advisory Board of the SMART

Mobility Consortium, a collaboration of experts from the national laboratory system for the U.S. Department of Energy Vehicle Technology Office

• Presenter, moderator, and organizer at the FMVSS Considerations for Automated Driving Systems Stakeholder Meeting, Washington, DC

• Co-organizer of the Consensus Safety Measurement Methods for ADS-Equipped Vehicles Workshop, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD

Matt Camden• Committee Member, Transportation Safety Division, National

Safety Council • Committee Member, Young Professionals Division, National

Safety Council• Undergraduate Student Mentor, National Safety Council • Member, Winter Maintenance Committee, Transportation

Research Board

Tom Dingus• Member, Board of Directors, Intelligent Transportation

Society of America

Cristian Druta• Member, TRB AFP 70 Standing Committee on Mineral

Aggregates

Lisa Eichelberger• Acknowledged by Virginia Tech for 25 years of service

Gerardo Flintsch• Appointed chair of the Committee TC 3.4 Asset Management

of the World Road Association (PIARC) (Cycle 2020-23, representing AASHTO)

Ron Gibbons• Conference Chair, 29th Quadrennial Session of the

International Commission on Illumination, Washington, DC

Honors, Awards, and Service to the Profession

76

Feng Guo• Program Committee, CIKM: AI in Transportation• Member, Scientific Review Committee, 7th Road Safety and

Simulation (RSS) Conference• Associate Editor, Sankhya Series B• Editorial Board, Journal of Safety Research• Member, New England Statistics Society Journal Editorial

Board and Publication Committee• Member, Transportation Research Board of the National

Academies, Committee on Statistical Methods (ABJ80)• Member, Transportation Research Board of the National

Academies, Committee on Safety Data, Analysis, and Evaluation (ANB20)

• Chair, Transportation Statistics Interest Group of the American Statistical Association

Jon Hankey• Member, ISO/TC 22/SC 39 Technical Committee, International

Organization for Standardization

Rich Hanowski• Guest Editor for Special Issue of Accident Analysis &

Prevention: 10th International Conference on Managing Fatigue: Managing Fatigue to Improve Safety, Wellness, and Effectiveness

• Board Member, International Forum for Road Transport Technology

• Young Professional Mentor, SAE at COMVEC• SAE Editorial Manager• Invited to serve on the Advisory Committee of the

Occupational Injury Prevention Research Training program, University of Utah

• Invited by the National Safety Council to serve on the ANSI Subcommittee for the development of standards to address automated vehicles in fleets (Z15.3)

• Member, Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI)

• Invited to serve on the SAE COMVEC Executive Council

Warren Hardy• General Chair, 62nd (November 2018) Stapp Car Crash

Conference

Jeff Hickman• Chair, SAE Working Group for Drowsy Driver Metrics• Member, Working Group on Truck Driver Distraction, National

District Attorneys Association • 2019 Robert C. Johns Research Partnership Award –

recognized by The Center for Transportation Studies at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities

Hyungil Kim• Best Paper Award Honorable Mention, International

Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, IEEE, October 2018

Charlie Klauer• Member, ISO/TC 22/SC 39 Technical Committee, International

Organization for Standardization

Elliot Laratonda• 2018 Professional Safety Journal Article of the Year – 3rd

Place from the American Society of Safety Professionals, June 2019

Charles Layman• Second place team winner, VDOT SmarterRoads Hackathon,

Roanoke, VA

Erin Mabry• Chair, Truck and Bus Operator Health and Wellness

Subcommittee• 2019 Robert C. Johns Research Partnership Award –

recognized by The Center for Transportation Studies at the


77

University of Minnesota Twin Cities

Shane McLaughlin• Member, U.S. DOT Motorcycle Advisory Council• Member, TRB Motorcycle and Moped Committee (ANF-30)

Andrew Miller• Subcommittee chair, Truck and Bus Data Subcommittee, TRB

ANB70 Truck and Bus Safety• Committee member, TRB ANB70 Truck and Bus Safety

Hesham Rakha• Editor, Sensors, Intelligent Sensors Section• Associate Editor, Journal of IEEE Transactions on Intelligent

Transportation Systems• Associate Editor, Journal of Intelligent Transportation

Systems: Technology, Planning and Operations• Academic Editor, Journal of Advanced Transportation• Editorial Board, Transportation Letters: The International

Journal of Transportation Research• Editorial Board, IET Intelligent Transport Systems Journal• Editorial Board, International Journal of Transportation

Science and Technology• Associate Editor, 2019 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium

(IV) (IV2019), June 9 - 12, Paris, France• Scientific Committee, 6th IEEE International Conference

on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems, June 5 - 7, 2019, Krakow, Poland

• International Program Committee, 5th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, VEHITS 2019, May 3 - 5, 2019, Crete, Greece

• Associate Editor, 21st IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, November 4 - 7, 2018, Hawaii

• Associate Editor, IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, June

26 - July 1, 2018, Changshu, Suzhou, China• Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE)• Member, Professional Engineers of Ontario (PEO)• Member, Egyptian Syndicate of Engineers (No. 281/14)• Member, American Society for Civil Engineers (ASCE)• Member, Institute for Transportation Engineers (ITE)• Member, Transportation Research Board (TRB)• Member, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)• Member, Institute for Operations Research and the

Management Sciences (INFORMS)• Member, Transportation Research Board Committee on Air

Quality

Andy Schaudt• Innovation Award: ICAT Creativity and Innovation Day, Virginia

Tech, 2019; awarded to interdisciplinary design team of the self-driving car seat suit: Matthew Moeller, Josh Skole, Zack Crane, Andy Schaudt

• Member, GRE Autonomous Vehicle Signalling Requirements (AVSR) Taskforce Role

Tammy Trimble• Completed the 2018-2019 Virginia Tech Women’s Leadership

and Mentoring Program• Elected Co-Chair of the Virginia Tech Women’s Alliance

Research Faculty/Non-Tenure Track Faculty Subcommittee for the 2019-2020 academic year

• VTTI Representative, New River Valley Regional Commission Transportation Technical Advisory Committee

• Poster Coordinator, AVS 2018

78

PUBLICATIONS

79 80

PUBLICATIONSAnkem, G., Klauer, C., Ollendick, T., Dingus, T., & Guo, F. (2018).How Risky Are ADHD Teen Drivers? Analysis of ADHD Teen Drivers Using Naturalistic Driving Data. Journal of Transport & Health, 9, S13.

Antin, J. F., Lee, S., Perez, M. A., Dingus, T. A., Hankey, J. M., & Brach, A. (2019). Second strategic highway research program naturalistic driving study methods.Safety Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.01.016

Atwood, J., Guo, F., & Blanco, M. (in press). Evaluate driver response to active warning system in level-2 automated vehicle. Accident Analysis and Prevention.

Bareiss, M., Scanlon, J. M., Sherony, R., & Gabler, H. C. (2019). Crash and Injury Prevention Estimates for Intersection Driver Assistance Systems in Left Turn Across Path / Opposite Direction Crashes in the United States. Traffic Injury Prevention, 20(sup1), S133-S138.

Bhagavathula, R., & Gibbons, R. B. (2019). Light Levels for Parking Facilities Based on Empirical Evaluation of Visual Performance and User Perceptions. LEUKOS, 1-22.

Bhagavathula, R., & Gibbons, R. (2019). Work Zone Lighting’s Effect on Driver Visibility (Report No. 19-UR-073). Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute.

Bhagavathula, R., Gibbons, R., & Nussbaum, M. A. (2019). Effect of Intersection Lighting Design on

Drivers’ Perceived Visibility and Glare. Transportation Research Record, 2673(2), 799-810.

Bhagavathula, R., Williams, B., & Gibbons, R. (2019). Pedestrian Visibility in Roundabouts: Naturalistic Study of Driver Eye-Glance Behavior (Report No. 19-UR-071). Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute.

Bortkiewicz, A., Gadzicka, E., Siedlecka, J., Kosobudzki, M., Dania, M., Szymczak, W., ... & Hickman, J. S. (2019). Analysis of bus drivers reaction to simulated traffic collision situations-eye-tracking studies. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 32(2), 161-174.

Camden, M. C., Hickman, J. S., Hanowski, R. J., & Walker, M. (in press). Critical issues for large truck safety. In R. Vickerman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Transportation. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Camden, M. C., Soccolich, S. A., Hickman, J. S., & Hanowski, R. J. (2019). Reducing risky driving: Assessing the impacts of an automatically-assigned, targeted web-based instruction program. Journal of Safety Research, 70, 105-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2019.06.006

Camden, M. C., Hickman, J. S., & Hanowski, R. J. (2019). Effective Strategies to Improve Safety: Case Studies of Commercial Motor Carrier Safety Advancement (Report No. 19-UI-072). Blacksburg, VA: National Surface

FY19 PUBLICATIONS includes technical reports and journal articles

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Transportation Safety Center for Excellence. Retrieved from: https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/89323

Camden, M. C., Soccolich, S. A., & Hickman, J. S. (2018). Predictive Coach Pilot Program Evaluation. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. Retrieved from: https://www.predictivecoach.com/casestudy.html

Camden, M. C., Medina-Flintsch, A., Hickman, J. S., Hanowski, R. J., & Tefft, B. (2018). Do the benefits outweigh the costs? Societal benefit-cost analysis of three large truck safety technologies. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 121, 177-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2018.09.013

Dingus, T. A., Owens, J. M., Guo, F., Fang, Y., Perez, M., McClafferty, J., ... & Fitch, G. M. (2019). The prevalence of and crash risk associated with primarily cognitive secondary tasks. Safety Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.01.005

Druta, C., & Alden, A. S. (2019). Implementation and Evaluation of a Buried Cable Roadside Animal Detection System and Deer Warning Sign (Report No. FHWA/VCTIR 19-R28).

Du, J., & Rakha, H. A. (2019). Constructing a Network Fundamental Diagram: Synthetic Origin–Destination Approach. Transportation Research Record, 0361198119851445.

Ehsani, J. P., Kar, I. N., Klauer, S. G., Dingus, T. A., & Simons-Morton, B. (2018). Parent and teen factors associated with the

amount and variety of supervised practice driving. Safety Science.

Gershon, P., Sita, K. R., Zhu, C., Ehsani, J. P., Klauer, S. G., Dingus, T. A., & Simons-Morton, B. G. (2019). Distracted driving, visual inattention, and crash risk among teenage drivers. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 56(4), 494-500.

Gershon, P., Simons-Morton, B., Ehsani, J., Klauer, S. G., Dingus, T. A., Zhu, C. (2018). Crash risk and risky driving behavior among adolescents during learner and independent driving periods. Journal of Adolescent Health, 63(5), 568-574.

Gershon, P., Simons-Morton, B., Zhu, C., Ehsani, J., Klauer, S. G., & Dingus, T. (2018). Vehicle Ownership and Other Predictors of Teenagers Risky Driving Behavior: Evidence from A Naturalistic Driving Study. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 118, 96-101.

Grove, K., Camden, M., Krum, A., & Hanowski, R. (in press). Research and Testing to Accelerate Adoption of Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) on Commercial Vehicles. Washington, DC: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.

Grove, K., Soccolich, S., Engstrom, J., & Hanowski, R. (2019). Driver visual behavior while using adaptive cruise control on commercial vehicles. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 60, 343-352. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369847818303334

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PUBLICATIONSGuo, F. (2019). Statistical methods for naturalistic driving studies. Annual Review of Statistics and its Application, 6, 309-328.

Guo, F., Kim, I., & Klauer, S. G. (2019). Semiparametric Bayesian models for evaluating time‐variant driving risk factors using naturalistic driving data and case‐crossover approach. Statistics in Medicine, 38(2), 160-174.

Hickman, J. S., Hanowski, R. J., Price, J., & Erin, J. M. (2019). 10th International Conference on managing fatigue: Managing fatigue to improve safety, wellness, and effectiveness. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 126, 1-2.

Hickman, J. S., Levy, F., Burks, S., Viscelli, S., & Lee, J. (2018). Effect of Automated Truck on the Truck Driver Workforce (Grant No. 1744348). Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation. Retrieved from: https://www.vtti.vt.edu/atw/files/NSF%20Workshop%20Truck%20Driver%20Final%20Report.pdf.

Katicha, S. W., & Flintsch, G. W. (2018). Multiscale Vehicular Expected Crashes Estimation with the Unnormalized Haar

Wavelet Transform and Poisson’s Unbiased Risk Estimate. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems, 144(8), 04018037.

Kim, H., & Gabbard, J. L. (2019). Assessing distraction potential of augmented reality head-up displays for vehicle drivers. Human Factors, 0018720819844845.

Klenk, M., Rakha, H. A., Du, J., Bichiou, Y., Elbery, A., Wang, J., Ghanem, A., Mohan, S., & Yan F. (2018). Collaborative Optimization and Planning for Transportation Energy Reduction (COPTER) (Contract DE-AR0000612). U.S. Department of Energy, Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E).

Krum, A. J., Hanowski, R. J., Miller, A., Schaudt, A., & Soccolich, S. (2019). FAST DASH: Program overview and key findings from initial technology evaluations. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 124, 113-119.

Laratonda E. P. (accepted). How to Write a Technical Safety Article for Publication. Professional Safety Journal.

Large, D. R., Kim, H., Merenda, C., Leong, S., Harvey, C., Burnett, G., & Gabbard, J. (2019). Investigating the effect of urgency and

83

modality of pedestrian alert warnings on driver acceptance and performance. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 60, 11-24.

Lisle, L., Merenda, C., Tanous, K., Kim, H., Gabbard, J. L., & Bowman, D. A. (2019). Effects of Volumetric Augmented Reality Displays on Human Depth Judgments: Implications for Heads-Up Displays in Transportation. International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction (IJMHCI), 11(2), 1-18.

Liu, Y., & Guo, F. (accepted). A Bayesian Time-varying coefficient Model for Multi-type Recurrent Events. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics.

Liu, Y., Guo, F., & Hanowski, R. (accepted). A time-varying coefficient model for evaluating commercial truck driver performance. Statistics in Medicine.

Liu, Y., Guo, F., & Hanowski, R. J. (2019). Assessing the impact of sleep time on truck driver performance using a recurrent event model. Statistics in Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.8287

Mabry, J. E., Glenn, T. L., & Hickman, J. S. (2019). Commercial Motor Vehicle Operator Fatigue Detection Technology Catalogue and Review (Report No.19-UI-069). Blacksburg, VA: The National Surface Transportation Safety Center for Excellence. Retrieved from: https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/87743

Mao, H., Deng, X., Lord, D., Flintsch, G., & Guo, F. (2019). Adjusting finite sample bias in traffic safety modeling. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 131, 112-121.

Midkiff, S. F., Herdman, T. L., Dingus, T. A., & Dougherty, W. (2019). CC*DNI Networking Infrastructure: A Campus Research Network and Distributed Science DMZ (Report No. 10411215). Alexandria, VA: National Science Foundation.

Mohan, S., Rakha, H. A., & Klenk, M. (2019). Acceptable Planning: Influencing Individual Behavior to Reduce Transportation Energy Expenditure of a City. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research.

Nantel, K., Musick, T., Brannon, G., Daugherty, B., Green, P., Hammer, B.,… & Tamir, U. (2019). ASSP TR-Z15.3-2019, Technical Report: Management Practices for the Safe

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PUBLICATIONSOperation of Partially and Fully Automated Motor Vehicles (Technical Report prepared by ASSP and registered with ANSI; developed by Subcommittee Z15.3). Park Ridge, IL: American Society of Safety Professionals.

Pantuso, A., Flintsch, G. W., Katicha, S. W., & Loprencipe, G. (2019). Development of network level pavement deterioration curves using the linear empirical Bayes approach. International Journal of Pavement Engineering.

Park, G. D., Hickman, J. S., Pitoniak, S. P., & Rosenthal, T. J. (2018). Challenges in Hazard Detection for Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers: A Driving Simulator Training Study. Transportation Research Record, 2672(34), 29-38.

Peiris, S., Corben, B., Nieuwesteeg, M., Gabler, H. C., Morris, A., Bowman, D., ... & Fitzharris, M. (2018). Evaluation of alternative intersection treatments at rural crossroads using simulation software. Traffic Injury Prevention, 19(sup2), S1-S7.

Roth, L. A., Hody, B. J., Chaffin, C. S., Laratonda, E., & Cook, G. W. (2018). Medical Marijuana: Addressing Impairment in the Workplace. Professional Safety, 63(08), 36-40.

Russell, S. M., Blanco, M., Atwood, J., Schaudt, W. A., Fitchett, V. L., & Tidwell, S. (2018). Naturalistic Study of Level 2 Driving Automation Functions (Report No. DOT HS 812 642). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

Schaudt, W. A., Russell, S., & Owens, J. M. (2019). The Role of Human Factors in the Design of Automated Vehicle External Communication. In G. Meyer & S. Beiker (Eds.), Road Vehicle Automation 6. Springer International Publishing AG. ISBN 978-3-030-22932-0, DOI 978-3-030-22933-7_4.

Schroth, L. A., Hody B. J., Christopher C. S., Laratonda E. P., & Culpepper J. (2019). Schools Have Hazards Too: Continuing the Quest to Make Schools Safer. Public Risk.

Simons-Morton, B., Gershon, P., O’Brien, F., Gensler, G., Klauer, S. G., Ehsani, J., …, & Dingus, T. A. (in press). Crash rates over time among younger and older drivers in the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study. Journal of Safety Research.

Smith, R. C., Turturici, M., Dunn, N., & Comer, C. (2019). Assessing the Feasibility of Evaluating the Legal Implications of Marijuana Per Se Statutes in the Criminal Justice System. Washington, DC: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety.

Smith, R. C., Turturici, M., & Camden, M. C. (2018). Countermeasures Against Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drug-Impaired Driving. Washington, DC: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. Retrieved from: https://aaafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/VTTI_Rx_OTC_FinalReport_VTTI-FINAL-complete-9.20.pdf

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Solatifar, N., Kavussi, A., Abbasghorbani, M., & Katicha, S. W. (2019). Development of dynamic modulus master curves of in-service asphalt layers using MEPDG models. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 20(1), 225-243.

Stern, H. S., Blower, D., Cohen, M. L., Czeisler, C. A., Dinges, D. F., Greenhouse, J. B., ... & Mallis, M. M. (2019). Data and methods for studying commercial motor vehicle driver fatigue, highway safety and long-term driver health. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 126, 37-42.

Thorn, E., Kimmel, S. C., Chaka, M., & Hamilton, B. A. (2018). A Framework for Automated Driving System Testable Cases and Scenarios (No. DOT HS 812 623). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Trimble, T. E., Baker, S., Wagner, J., Blanco, M., Serian, B., & Mallory, B. (2018). Implications of Connected and Automated Driving Systems, Vol. 6: Implementation Plan (No. NCHRP Project 20-102 [07]). https://doi.org/10.17226/25295

Trimble, T. E., Baker, S., Wagner, J., Serian, B., Mallory, B., Bishop, R., ... & Havinoviski, G. (2018). Implications of Connected and Automated Driving Systems, Vol. 5: Developing the Autonomous Vehicle Action Plan (No. NCHRP Project 20-102 [07]). https://doi.org/10.17226/25291

Trimble, T. E., Baker, S., Wagner, J., Serian, B., Mallory, B., Bishop, R., ... & Havinoviski, G. (2018). Implications of Connected and Automated

Driving Systems, Vol. 4: Autonomous Vehicle Action Plan (No. NCHRP Project 20-102 [07]). https://doi.org/10.17226/25292

Trimble, T. E., Wagner, J., Serian, B., Mallory, B., Bishop, R., Gould, P., ... & Havinoviski, G. (2018). Implications of Connected and Automated Driving Systems, Vol. 3: Legal Modification Prioritization and Harmonization Analysis (No. NCHRP Project 20-102 [07]). https://doi.org/10.17226/25293

Trimble, T. E., Wagner, W., Loftus-Otway, L., Gallun, S., Morrissey, S., Havinoviski, G., ... & Johnson, G. (2018). Implications of Connected and Automated Driving Systems, Vol. 2: State Legal and Regulatory Audit (No. NCHRP Project 20-102 [07]). https://doi.org/10.17226/25294

Trimble, T. E., Loftus-Otway, L., & Gallun, S. (2018). Implications of Connected and Automated Driving Systems, Vol. 1: Legal Landscape (No. NCHRP Project 20-102 [07]). https://doi.org/10.17226/25296

Yang, H., & Rakha, H. (2019). A novel approach for estimation of dynamic from static origin–destination matrices. Transportation Letters, 11(4), 219-228.

Zhang, L., Cui, B., Yang, M., Guo, F., & Wang, J. (in press). Effect of Using Mobile Phones on Driver’s Control Behaviour Based on Naturalistic Driving Data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.

86

PUBLICATIONS

Abdelghaffar, H. M., & Rakha, H. A. (2019). A novel decentralized game-theoretic adaptive traffic signal controller: large-scale testing. Sensors, 19(10), 2282.

Alhadidi, T., & Rakha, H. A. (2019). Modeling of Bus Passenger Boarding/Alighting Times: A Stochastic Approach. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives.

Almannaa, M. H., Chen, H., Rakha, H. A., Loulizi, A., & El-Shawarby, I. (2019). Field implementation and testing of an automated eco-cooperative adaptive cruise control system in the vicinity of signalized intersections. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 67, 244-262.

Almannaa, M., Elhenawy, M., & Rakha, H. A. (2019). Identifying Optimum Bike Station Initial Conditions using Markov Chain Modeling. Transport Findings. doi:10.32866/6801

Almannaa, M. H., Elhenawy, M., & Rakha, H. A. (2019). A novel supervised clustering algorithm for transportation system applications. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

Almannaa, M. H., Elhenawy, M., & Rakha, H. A. (2019). Dynamic linear models to predict bike availability in a bike sharing system. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 1-11.

Ashqar, H. I., Almannaa, M. H., Elhenawy, M., Rakha, H. A., & House, L. (2018). Smartphone transportation mode recognition using a hierarchical machine learning classifier and pooled features from time and frequency domains. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 20(1), 244-252.

Ashqar, H. I., Elhenawy, M., & Rakha, H. A. (2019). Modeling bike counts in a bike-sharing system considering the effect of weather conditions. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 7(2), 261-268.

Bento, L. C., Parafita, R., Rakha, H. A., & Nunes, U. J. (2019). A study of the environmental impacts of intelligent automated vehicle control at intersections via V2V and V2I communications. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, 23(1), 41-59.

Bichiou, Y., & Rakha, H. A. (2019). Real-time optimal intersection control system for automated/cooperative vehicles.

STUDENT PUBLICATIONS denotes publications on which virginia tech student(s) served as an author

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International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, 8(1), 1-12.

Bichiou, Y., & Rakha, H. A. (2018). Developing an Optimal Intersection Control System for Automated Connected Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 20(5), 1908-1916.

Bongioanni, V. I., Katicha, S. W., & Flintsch, G. W. (2019). Removing Outliers from 3D Macrotexture Data by Controlling False Discovery Rate. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements, 145(3), 04019016.

Bongioanni, V. I., Maeger, K., Katicha, S. W., de León Izeppi, E. D., & Flintsch, G. W. (2019). Repeatability and Agreement of Various High-Speed Macrotexture Measurement Devices. Transportation Research Record, 2673(2), 650-662.

Calle-Laguna, A., Du, J., & Rakha, H. A. (2019). Computing Optimum Traffic Signal Cycle Length Considering Vehicle Delay and Fuel Consumption. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives.

Camden, M. C., Medina-Flintsch, A., Hickman, J. S., Bryce, J., Flintsch, G., & Hanowski, R. J. (2019). Prevalence of operator fatigue in winter maintenance operations. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 126, 47-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2018.01.009

Dehkordi, S. G., Larue, G. S., Cholette, M. E., Rakotonirainy, A., & Rakha, H. A. (2019). Ecological and safe driving: A model predictive control approach considering spatial and temporal constraints. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 67, 208-222.

Elbery, A., & Rakha, H. (2019). City-wide eco-routing navigation considering vehicular communication impacts. Sensors, 19(2), 290.

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PUBLICATIONSElbery, A., Bichiou, Y., Rakha, H. A., Du, J., Dvorak, F., & Klenk, M. (2018). City-Level Agent-Based Multi-modal Modeling of Transportation Networks: Model Development and Preliminary Testing. In Smart Cities, Green Technologies and Intelligent Transport Systems (pp. 279-303). Springer, Cham.

Elhenawy, M., Hassan, A. A., & Rakha, H. A. (2018). A Probabilistic Travel Time Modeling Approach Based on Spatiotemporal Speed Variations. In Smart Cities, Green Technologies and Intelligent Transport Systems (pp. 351-366). Springer, Cham.

Elouni, M., Rakha, H. A., & Bichiou, Y. (2018). Implementation and Investigation of a Weather-and Jam Density-Tuned Network Perimeter Controller. In Smart Cities, Green Technologies and Intelligent Transport Systems (pp. 266-278). Springer, Cham.

Fadhloun, K., & Rakha, H. (2019). A novel vehicle dynamics and human behavior car-following model: Model development and preliminary testing. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology.

Haus, S. H., Sherony, R., & Gabler, H. C. (2019). Estimated Benefit of Automated Emergency Baking Systems for Vehicle-Pedestrian Crashes in the U.S. Traffic Injury Prevention, 20(sup1), S171-S176.

Kang, Y. S., Nazari, A., Chen, L., Taheri, S., Ferris, J. B., Flintsch, G., & Battaglia, F. (2019). A Probabilistic Approach to Hydroplaning Potential and Risk. SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Mechanical Systems, 12(1), 63-71.

Kang, K., & Rakha, H. A. (2018). Modeling driver merging behavior: a repeated game theoretical approach. Transportation Research Record, 2672(20), 144-153.

Khaleghian, S., Ghasemalizadeh, O., Taheri, S., & Flintsch, G. (2019). A Combination of Intelligent Tire and Vehicle Dynamic Based Algorithm to Estimate the Tire-Road Friction. SAE International

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Journal of Passenger Cars-Mechanical Systems, 12(06-12-02-0007).

Loulizi, A., Bichiou, Y., & Rakha, H. (2019). Steady-State Car-Following Time Gaps: An Empirical Study Using Naturalistic Driving Data. Journal of Advanced Transportation.

Mazied, E. A., ElNainay, M. Y., Abdel-Rahman, M. J., Midkiff, S. F., Rizk, M. R., Rakha, H. A., & MacKenzie, A. B. (2019). The wireless control plane: An overview and directions for future research. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 126, 104-122.

Qiao, Y., Santos, J., Stoner, A., & Flintsch, G. W. (in press). Climate Change Impacts on Asphalt Road Pavement Construction and Maintenance: An Economic Life Cycle Assessment of Adaptation Measures in the State of Virginia, U.S. Journal of Industrial Ecology.

Qiao, Y., Dawson, A., Parry, T., & Flintsch, G. (2019). Life cycle cost of flexible pavements and climate variability: case studies from Virginia. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 1-15.

Quiros, S. B., Flintsch, G. W., Izeppi, E. D. L., & McGhee, K. K. (2018). Interconversion of Locked-Wheel and Continuous Friction Measurement Equipment (CFME) Friction Measurements. Transportation Research Record, 2672(40), 452-462.

Rakha, H. A., Elhenawy, M., Ashqar, H., Almannaa, M., & Ghanem, A. (2018). Smart Bike-Sharing Systems for Smart Cities. Data Analytics Applications for Smart Cities.

Riexinger, L. E., Sherony, R., & Gabler, H. C. (2019). Residual Road Departure Crashes after Full Deployment of LDW and LDP Systems. Traffic Injury Prevention, 20(sup1), S177-S181.

Vélez Rodríguez, K. X., Katicha, S. W., & Flintsch, G. W. (2019). Enhanced Methodology for the Identification of Locations with High Risk of Wet Crashes. Transportation Research Record, 0361198119849906.

Wang, J., Elbery, A., & Rakha, H. A. (2019). A Vehicle-Specific Eco-Routing Model for Real-Time On-board Navigation Applications Capturing Transient Vehicle Behavior. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 104, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2019.04.017

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V T T I STAKEHOLDERS

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Cyril Clarkeoffice of the provostDwayne Pinkneyoffice of the senior vice president for operations and administrationDwight Sheltonoffice of the vice president for finance and chief financial officerDon Tayloroffice of the vice president for research and innovationJulia Rosscollege of engineeringPam VandeVordbiomedical engineering and mechanicsMark Widdowsoncivil and environmental engineeringAzim Eskandarianmechanical engineeringLuke Lesterelectrical and computer engineeringEileen Van Akenindustrial and systems engineeringRobert Sumichrastpamplin college of businessRajesh BagchimarketingSally MortonscienceRon FrickerstatisticsRobert Schubertcollege of architecture and urban studiesHunter Pittmanarchitecture + designMehrzad Boroujerdipublic and international affairsTom Dingusvirginia tech transportation institutePascha Gernivirginia tech transportation instituteJon Hankeyvirginia tech transportation institute

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ANNUAL REPORT - Virginia Tech · evolutionary needs of the transportation system. And in no area...

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