Annual Report Ministry of Env

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Annual Report 2009-2010

ROLE ANDMANDATE OF THE

MINISTRY

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Ministry of Environment & Forests

Role and Mandate of the Ministry

Role of the Ministry

The primary concerns of the Ministryof Environment & Forests under theGovernment structure are implementation ofpolicies and programmes relating toconservation of the country’s natural resourcesincluding lakes and rivers, its biodiversity,forests and wildlife, ensuring the welfare ofanimals and prevention and abatement ofpollution. While implementing these policiesand programmes, the Ministry is guided bythe principle of sustainable development andenhancement of human well-being. TheMinistry also serves as the nodal agency inthe country for the United Nations EnvironmentProgramme (UNEP), South Asia Co-operativeEnvironment Programme (SACEP),International Centre for Integrated MountainDevelopment (ICIMOD) and for the follow-upof the United Nations Conference onEnvironment and Development (UNCED). TheMinistry is also entrusted with the issuesrelating to multilateral bodies such as theCommission on Sustainable Development(CSD), Global Environment Facility (GEF) andof regional bodies like Economic and SocialCouncil for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP) andSouth Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC) on matters pertaining toenvironment.

The broad objectives of the Ministry are:

• Conservation and survey of flora, fauna,forests and wildlife,

• Prevention and control of pollution,

• Afforestation and regeneration ofdegraded areas,

• Protection of the environment, and

• Ensuring the welfare of animals.

These objectives are well supportedby a set of legislative and regulatorymeasures, aimed at the preservation,conservation and protection of theenvironment. Besides the legislative measures,a National Conservation Strategy and PolicyStatement on Environment and Development,1992, National Forest Policy, 1988, a PolicyStatement on Abatement of Pollution, 1992and a National Environment Policy, 2006have also been evolved.

The organization structure of theMinistry indicating various Divisions and itsautonomous and subordinate offices is givenat Annexure- I-A & I-B.

Mandate of the Ministry

Allocation of Business

• Environment and Ecology, includingenvironment in coastal waters, inmangroves and coral reefs butexcluding marine environment on the highseas.

• Survey and Exploration of NaturalResources particularly of Forest, Flora,Fauna, Ecosystems etc.

• Bio-diversity Conservation including thatof lakes and wetlands.

• Conservation, development, managementand abatement of pollution of rivers whichshall include National River ConservationDirectorate.

• Environmental Impact Assessment.

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• Environment research and development,education, training, information andawareness.

• Environmental Health.

• Forest Development Agency and JointForest Management Programme forconservation, management andafforestation.

• Wildlife conservation, preservation,protection planning, research, education,training and awareness including ProjectTiger and Project Elephant.

• International co-operation on issuesconcerning Environment, Forestry andWildlife.

• Botanical Survey of India and BotanicalGardens.

• Zoological Survey of India.

• National Museum of Natural History.

• Biosphere Reserve Programme.

• National Forest Policy and ForestryDevelopment in the country includingSocial Forestry.

• All matters relating to Forest and ForestAdministration in the Andaman andNicobar Islands.

• Indian Forest Service.

• Wild Life Preservation and protection ofwild birds and animals.

• Fundamental and applied research andtraining including higher education inforestry.

• Padmaja Naidu Himalayan ZoologicalPark.

• National Assistance to ForestryDevelopment Schemes.

• Indian Plywood Industries Research andTraining Institute, Bangalore.

• Afforestation and Eco-development whichshall include National Afforestation andEco-Development Board.

• Desert and Desertification.

• Forest Survey of India.

• Indian Institute of Bio-diversity, Itanagar.

• Central Pollution Control Board.

• G.B. Pant Institute of HimalayanEnvironment & Development.

• Wildlife Institute of India and Indian Boardfor Wildlife.

• Indian Institute of Forest Management.

• Central Zoo Authority including NationalZoological Park.

• Indian Council of Forestry Research &Education.

• Andaman and Nicobar Islands Forest andPlantation Development CorporationLimited.

• Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

• Matters relating to pounds and cattletrespass.

• Gaushalas and Gausadans.

• The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act,1960 (59 of 1960).

• The National Environment Tribunal Act,1995 (27 of 1995).

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• The National Environment AppellateAuthority Act, 1997 (22 of 1997).

• The Water Prevention and Control ofPollution Act, 1974 (6 of 1974).

• The Water (Prevention and Controlof Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 (36 of1977).

• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)Act, 1981 (14 of 1981).

• The Indian Forest Act, 1927 (16 of 1927).

• The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (53 of1972).

• The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 (69of 1980).

• The Environment (Protection), Act, 1986(29 of 1986).

• The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991(6 of 1991).

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CHAPTER – 1

NATURAL RESOURCES –SURVEY AND EXPLORATION

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Survey of Flora

Botanical Survey of India

Introduction

The Botanical Survey of India (BSI)is the apex research organization underthe Ministry of Environment and Forests,Government of India for carrying outtaxonomic and floristic studies on wildplant resources of the country. It wasestablished on 13th February, 1890 withthe basic objective to explore the plantresources of the country and to identifythe plants species with economic virtues.Sir George King, the then Superintendentof the ‘Royal Botanic Garden’ Calcuttawas appoin ted as F i r s t ex -o f f i c ioHonorary Director of the BSI. Afterindependence the depar tment wasreorganized in 1954 by Government ofIndia as a part of scientific developmentof the country. During the successive planperiods, the functional base of BSI wasfurther expanded to include various newareas such as inventorying of endemic,rare and threatened plant species;evolving conservation strategies; studieson fragile ecosystems and protectedareas, like wildlife sanctuaries, nationalparks and b iosphere reser ves ;mul t ip l ica t ion and main tenance o fendemic and threatened plant species,wi ld ornamenta l s , e tc . , in Bo tan icGardens and Orchidaria; documentationof traditional knowledge associated withplants and development of NationalDatabase o f herbar ium and l i veco l lec t ions , p lan t d i s t r ibu t ion andnomenclature, botanical pain t ings/illustrations, plant uses, etc.

Objectives

The primary objectives of BSI are as follows:

– Exploration, inventorying anddocumentation of phytodiversity in generaland protected areas, hotspots and fragileecosystems in particular; publication ofNational, State and District Floras.

– Identification of threatened/red list speciesand species rich areas needingconservation; ex-situ conservation ofcritically threatened species in botanicalgardens.

– Survey and documentation of traditionalknowledge (ethno-botany) associated withplants.

– Develop a National database of Indianplants, including herbarium and livespecimens, botanical paintings/illustrations,etc.

The secondary objectives are:

– Revisionary/Monographic studies onselected plant groups.

– Qualitative analysis of nutritive value ofethno-food plants and other economicallyuseful species.

– Capacity building in plant taxonomythrough refresher courses and post M.Sc.certificate course.

– Environment Impact Assessment of areasassigned by the ministry.

– Develop and maintain Botanical Gardens,Museums and Herbaria.

– Preparation of Seed, Pollen and Spore Atlasof Indian Plants.

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Activities undertaken during the year

Botanical Exploration and Inventorisation ofPhytodiversity

Field tours and Herbarium consultation tours

Fifty-two field tours were undertakenfor floristic/ethnobotanical and other studiesof higher and lower groups of plants bydifferent regional centres and units of BSIcovering the following areas:

– Western Himalaya: Himachal Pradesh(Haripurdhar), Uttarakhand (Govind PashuVihar, Pithoragarh, Dokriani glacier,Dingad valley and Hurraglacier valley,Pauri Garhwal & Rishikesh).

– Eastern Himalaya: Sikkim (West and Southdistricts)

– North – East India: Arunachal Pradesh(Kurum Kumey, Delei valley), Assam(Gibbon wildlife Sanctuary and Pani DihingWildlife Sanctuary), Manipur (Senapati andTamenglong), Meghalya (Ribhoi)

– Arid – Semi Arid: Gujarat, Punjab,Haryana, Rajasthan

– Gangetic Plains: Uttar Pradesh,Bihar, Jharkhand (Dalma WildlifeSanctuary), West Bengal (BuxaNational Park)

– Deccan Peninsula: Madhya Pradesh,Chattisgarh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu

– Western Ghats: Maharashtra,Karnataka (Mookambika WildlifeSanctuary), Goa (Netravali WildlifeSanctuary, Cotigaon WildlifeSanctuary, Madei & Bondla WildlifeSanctuaries and Dr. Salim Ali BirdSanctuary), Kerala, Tamil Nadu

– East Coast: Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, TamilNadu (Pulicat Lake to Kodiakarai)

– Islands: Andaman (Chidiyatapu) &Nicobar, Lakshadweep

During field tours, ca one thousandnine hundred fifty specimens have beencollected. One thousand three hundred fortyof these collected specimens belonging to cathree hundred twenty species were identifiedby scientists of different regional centres andunits which resulted to discovery of one genusand twenty five species as new to scienceand twenty one species as new to India.

Genus new to Science

– Cymbidiopsis H.J. Chowdhery(Orchidaceae) – a new genus

Species new to science

– Aporosa indo-acuminata T. Chakrabarty &N.P. Balakrishnan (Euphorbiaceae, sens.lat.)

– Aralia devendrae Pusalkar (Araliaceae)

– Bambusa majumdarii P. Kumari & P. Singh(Poaceae: Bambusoidae)

Fig-1. An orchid – beauty of the forests

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– Bambusa mohanramii P. Kumari & P. Singh(Poaceae: Bambusoidae)

– Bambusa nairaina P. Kumari & P. Singh(Poaceae: Bambusoidae)

– Berchemia jainiana P. K. Pusalkar & D. K.Singh (Rhamnaceae)

– Bhesa andamanica N. Balachandran & T.Chakrabarty (Celastraceae)

– Canscora sanjappae P. G. Diwakar & R.Kr. Singh (Gentianaceae)

– Coriaria duthie D. K. Singh & Pusalkar(Coriariaceae)

– Corydalis kedarensis Pusulkar & D. K. Singh(Fumariaceae)

– Cryptothecia alboglauca Jagadeesh Ram,G.P. Sinha & Kr.P. Singh (Arthoniaceae)

– Cryptothecia bengalensis Jagadeesh Ram,G.P. Sinha & Kr.P. Singh (Arthoniaceae)

– Cryptothecia farinosa Jagadeesh Ram, G.P.Sinha & Kr.P. Singh (Arthoniaceae)

– Cryptothecia multipunctataJagadeesh Ram, G.P. Sinha & Kr.P.Singh (Arthoniaceae)

– Cryptothecia verruculiferaJagadeesh Ram, G.P. Sinha & Kr.P.Singh (Arthoniaceae)

– Herpothallon granulosumJagadeesh Ram & G.P. Sinha(Arthoniaceae)

– Herpothallon isidiatumJagadeesh Ram & G.P. Sinha(Arthoniaceae)

– Phyllanthus rangachariarii C.Murugan, K. A. A. Kabeer & G.V. S. Murthy (Euphorbiaceae)

– Sageratia devendrae Pusalkar(Rhamnaceae)

– Sageratia santapauii Pusalkar & D. K. Singh(Rhamnaceae)

– Saurauia nicobarica T. K. Paul(Actinidiaceae)

– Saurauia parasnathensis V. Ranjan & S.C.Srivast. (Actinidiaceae)

– Saxifraga assamensis B. M. Wadhwa(Saxifragaceae)

– Vaccinium amakhangium S. Panda &Sanjappa (Ericaceae)

New Records for India

– Cololejeunea longiana Grolle & Mizut.(Lejeuneaceae)

– Combretum trifoliatum Vent.(Combretaceae)

– Cotricia vallata (Berk.) Teng(Hymenochaetaceae)

– Delphinium nordhagenii Wendelbo(Ranunculaceae)

Fig-2. Caltha palustris, commonly known as Kingcup or MarshMarigold. Skin rashes and dermatitis have been reported from

excessive handling of the plant.

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– Erythrodecton malacum (Kremp.) G. Thor.(Roccellaceae)

– Ginalloa helferi Kurz (Viscaceae)

– Goodenia koningsbergeri (Back.) Back. exBold. (Goodeniaceae)

– Herpothallon australasicum (Elix) Elix & G.Thor (Arthoniaceae)

– Herpothallon granulare (Sipman) Aptroot& Lücking (Arthoniaceae)

– Herpothallon albidum (Fée) Aptroot, Lücking& G. Thor (Arthoniaceae)

– Herpothallon cinereum G. Thor(Arthoniaceae)

– Herpothallon philippinum (Vain.) Aptroot& Lücking (Arthoniaceae)

– Impatiens harae var. micrantha (Hara) &S. Akiyama (Balsaminaceae)

– Lejeunea papilionaceae Steph.(Lejeuneaceae)

– Lindera cercidiflia Hemsl.(Lauraceae)

– Opegrapha agelaeotera Vain.(Roccellaceae)

– Opegrapha subrimulosa Nyl.(Roccellaceae)

– S a c c o g y n i d i u mirregularospinum Gao et al.(Geocalycaceae) – a newgeneric record.

– Saussurea forestii Grolle.(Asteraceae)

– Sciaphilla secundiflora Thwaitesex Benth. (Triuridaceae)

– Sesbania sericea (Willd.) Link(Leguminosae)

Documentation of Phytodiversity

National Flora (Flora of India)

– Taxonomic description of familiesAcanthaceae (Subtribe: Justiciinae),Nyctaginaceae, Lauraceae, Salicaceae,Cyperaceae (Tribe: Rynchosporaceae,Hypolyteae & Sclerieae), Ranunculaceae(Genus: Ranunculus), Juncaceae,Begoniaceae have been completed andsubmitted for publication.

– An annotated Checklist of Lichens (Twothousand two hundred thirty one species)and Marine algae (eight hundred fortyspecies) of India have been completed andsubmitted for publication.

– Checklist of Cyanophyceae (c. onethousand one hundred ninety species)and Chlorophyceae (c. one thousandfive hundred species) has beencompleted

Fig-3. An Alpine orchid

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Regional/State Flora

– Taxonomic description for Flora of Mizoram(Volume III), Manipur (Volume II), Nagaland(Volume I and Volume IV), Uttar Pradesh(Volume I), Jammu & Kashmir (Volume IV)and Kerala (Volume II) have been completedand submitted for publication.

– Flora of Upper Siang District and BryophyicFlora of Lohit district of Arunachal Pradeshhas been completed and submitted forpublication.

Protected Areas

– Taxonomic description for Flora of BallavpurWildlife Sanctuary, Kyangnolsa AlpineSanctuary, Tendong Reserve Forest,Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary, Dampa TigerReserve, Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary andFumbonglho Wildlife Sanctuary have beencompleted and submitted for publication.

– Bryophyic Flora of Mehao WildlifeSanctuary of Arunachal Pradesh has beencompleted and submitted for publication.

Documentation of Indigenous Knowledge ofPlant Resources

– Five tours to Jharsaguda, Angul, Bolangirand Gajapati districts carried out and ethno-botanical uses of ca. two hundred seventyfour species recorded, which includes onehundred ninty two medicinal, sixty five offood value and seventeen of veterinary uses.

Ex-situ Conservation in Botanic Gardens

– Thirty six rare endangered species havebeen introduced for, acclimatization andmultiplication for ex-situ conservation of andeconomically important plants in AcharyaJagadish Chandra Bose Indian BotanicGarden, Howrah, Botanic Garden of Indian

Republic (BGIR), NOIDA and in theAssociated Botanic Gardens of differentRegional Centres of BSI.

– Indigenous saplings and seedlings ofmedicinal plants have been procured fromdifferent parts of Terai region and Orissafor BGIR, NOIDA. Planting of seedlings inTerai division of the garden completed.About seven hundred seedlings of twelveplant species have been raised successfully.

– Introduced and maintained three rareZingibers, two rare Orchids and thirty sevenmedicinally/economically importantspecies in Botanic Garden, Barapani,Shillong. Stock cultures of Paphiopedilumspp., Cymbidium tigrinum, Nephentheskhasiana were subcultured onto freshmedium and maintained.

Fig-4. Rheum nobile – an alpine plant of Sikkim

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Monitoring of Botanic Gardens

– During the period BSI monitored theconservation of rare threatened species infourteen botanical gardens funded by MoEFunder the ‘Assistance to Botanic Garden’Scheme and submitted the reports.

– Reviewed thirty four project proposals under‘Assistance to Botanic Garden’ scheme ofMoEF.

Miscellaneous

Public Services rendered

BSI disseminated scientific informationto public and also assisted scientists, studentsand researchers in their pursuit of taxonomicresearch on plants. During the periodscientists, students and visitors, includingninteen VIPs, have visited the Botanic Gardens,Herbaria and Museums of BSI; one hundredeighty five requests for information and supplyof plant materials have been attended.Identified one hundred sixty nine plantmaterials.

e-Governance initiatives

– The 1st project of Conservation, Restorationand Digitisation of the Old ArchivalDocuments/Correspondences/Manuscripts& Herbarium Specimens at IndustrialSection Indian Museum, Kolkata has beensanctioned by MoEF and digitization workhas been initiated by the successful vendor.The firm has been selected for executionof the 2nd project of Conservation,Restoration and Digitisation of the HistoricForbes Watson and Thomas WardleVolumes on Textiles and Natural Dyes andBotanical paintings at Industrial SectionIndian Museum, Kolkata & letter for sanctionof project has been sent to MoEF.

– LAN and WAN connectivity through leasedline has been completed at AJC Bose IBGComplex

– Data Centre and Data Production Line havebeen commissioned

– Beta testing of Application Software forIndian Vir tual herbarium has beencompleted

– Two hundred ten Officials of BSI has beentrained on Concepts of IT & Office Suitethrough Computer MaintenanceCorporation (CMC).

Publications

During the period BSI published thefollowing books:

1. Hepaticae & Anthocerotae of GreatHimalayan National Park, HimachalPradesh

2. Flora of Pin Valley National Park, HimachalPradesh

3. Vanaspati Anveshan 2008 (in Hindi)

4. Plant Discoveries 2008

5. Floristic Diversity of Tiger Reserves of India

6. Vanaspati Vani, Vol.18 (in Hindi)

7. ENVIS News Letter Vols. 13 (2).

8. ENVIS News Letter Vols. 14 (1).

9. Flora of Tamil Nadu – Grasses

10. Materials for the Flora of ArunachalPradesh, Vol. II (Asteraceae toCeratophyllaceae)

11. Materials for the Flora of ArunachalPradesh, Vol III (Hydrocharitaceae toPoaceae)

12. Flowering Plants of India – Dicotyledons,Volume I

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13. Annotated Checklist of Lichens of India,2010

14. Bulletin of Botanical Survey of India,Volume 50

Apart from that, Scientist of BSI publishedmore than sixty five research papers in differentpeer reviewed journals during the period.

Report of the Indian Botanical Liaison Officer,Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK

– Indian Botanical Liaison Officer identifiedtwenty two species for the botanists of India.The images of the type sheet of forty ninetaxa and eighteen protologues are providedto different institutes in India.

Digitization & establishment of integratednetwork of BSI Libraries and enrichment oflibrary holdings

– Computerised catalogue of holdings of allBSI Libraries initiated using e–granthalayasoftware. The software is installed incomputers of all libraries for electroniccataloguing to provide access to librarydatabase through internet

– Web portal of integrated network of BSIlibraries made functional with digitizationof all holdings of BSI, Southern RegionalCentre, Coimbatore and ISIM, Kolkata.

Maintenance and enrichment of Herbaria inBotanical Survey of India

During the period nine hundred andfourty six specimens have been mounted andremounted five thousand six hundred andeighty seven herbarium sheets. Nineteenthousand six hundred and fourty fiveherbarium sheets have been dusted andfumigated. Twelve thousand three hundredand fifty nine herbarium sheets have been

poisoned and six thousand six hundred andeighty nine sheets have been incorporated indifferent herbaria of BSI.

Honours/Awards/Medals received

– Dr. H. C. Pande, Scientist, Northern Circle,Dehradun conferred with Prof. S. S. BirMedal for significant contribution towardspteridology

– Director, BSI received the KOLTOLIC SHIELDon 04.09.2009 on behalf of BSI for theconsecutive 3rd year for the bestimplementation of Official Languageamongst the Central Government Officesin Kolkata.

Revenue earnings

During the period BSI earned a revenueof Rs. 25,36,321/- as per following breakings

– AJC Bose Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah,earned a revenue of Rs. 21,68,326/-through Entry Fee, Car Parking Fee,Cafeteria, Pavilion and through other fees

– Industrial Section Indian Museum, BSI,Kolkata earned a revenue of Rs.41,500/-through Identification of Plant Samplesunder N.D.P.S. Act

– Publication Section, BSI – Hqrs., Kolkataearned a revenue of Rs. 1,58.275/-and US$ 104/-through sale of BSIpublications

– Central National Herbarium, BSI, Howrahearned a revenue of Rs 14,650/- throughidentification of plants/samples receivedfrom Excise, Customs, Colleges

– Southern Regional Centre, Coimbatore,earned a revenue of Rs. 99,762/- throughsale of BSI publications, Photocopying andIdentification of Plant Samples

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– Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong earneda revenue of Rs. 22,576/- throughIdentification, Sale of Plant Saplings,Training, Photocopying and Transit Charges

– Western Regional Centre, Pune, NorthernRegional Centre, Dehradun and Arid ZoneRegional Centre, Jodhpur earned a revenueof Rs. 12,690/-, Rs. 8,819/- and Rs.9,723/-respectively through sale of BSIpublications and Identification of PlantSamples

Visit of Parliamentary Committees

The Parliamentary Committee onOfficial Language reviewed the status ofimplementation of official language in AridZone Regional Centre, Jodhpur on 10th

February and in Central Regional Centre,Allahabad on 28th October, 2009.

Visit of Planning Commission Member

Dr. K Kasturirangan, Hon’ble Member,Planning Commission, Government of India,visited the AJC Bose Indian Botanic Garden– Central National Herbarium Complex ofBotanical Survey of India on September 17,2009.

Ph. D degree awarded/Ph.D thesis submitted

Eleven Ph.D theses have beensubmitted by the Research Scholars of BSI foraward of degree, one of them has beenawarded.

Survey of Fauna

Zoological Survey of India

Introduction and Objectives

The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI)a premier institute under the Ministry of

Environment and forests, has beenundertaking exploration and research leadingto the advancement of our knowledge on theexceptionally rich faunal diversity of thecountry since its inception in 1916, with itsHeadquarters at Kolkata and sixteen regionalcentres located in different parts of the country.In recent years, ZSI has reoriented its planto work by grouping the survey and studiesunder six major programmes as follows: (i)Study of the fauna of states (ii) Fauna ofconservation areas (iii) Fauna of importantecosystems (iv) Status survey of endangeredspecies (v) Fauna of India and (v) EcologicalStudies & Environmental Impact Assessments(EIA). ZSI further provides (i) Identification &Advisory Services, (ii) Training & ExtensionServices in the field of animal taxonomy andfaunistic surveys, (iii) Library facilities and(iv) Presentation & Publication of Researchwork in journals and books, (v) Maintenanceof Museums at headquarters and regionalcentre at Digha and Chennai. Recently, ZSIalso concentrates in i) Development of ENVISon Faunal diversity, CITES centres andAICOPTAX Programmes, (ii) ChromosomalMapping, DNA finger printing,Trichotaxonomic and Acoustic studies and (iii)Particpation in Antarctica Expedition: ZSI isproviding monthly e-News since January2009, highlighting new discoveries, newrecords, published paper articles on its rolein environmental protection, visit of thedignitaries, publication of checklists etc.


During the year, scientists of thedepartment discovered thirty nine speciesnew to science, eight Senior ResearchFellows (SRFs) obtained Ph.D. degree fromdifferent universities. ZSI recognized as the

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repository of Zoological specimens by MoEFunder Biological Diversity Act, 2002.Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centrehave been recognized as lead instituteunder UNESCO. Planning Commissionrecognized the importance of Taxonomyand recommended ZSI to be the Centre ofExcellence in Animal Taxonomy. Under Rightto Information Act, 2005, ZSI handledtwenty two cases. In this year Identificationof thirty two seized materials of Wildlifeauthorities were carried out. A total of sevencollaborative research projects of ZSIinclude habitat analysis for translocation ofPygmy hog at Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuarywas undertaken.

Faunal Exploration and Surveys

– Ecosystems

A total of thirty eight extensive surveys wereundertaken during this year viz. Mountain(nineteen), Forests (two), Marine (two),Estuarine (nine), Desert (four), Manmadeecosystems (two).

– Protected Areas

A total of nine extensive surveys wereundertaken during this year viz. Gulf ofMannar, Sunderbans, Nokrek (BiosphereReserve), Kumbhalgarh, Dalma, Radhanagiri,Kanyakumary (Wildlife Sanctuary), MahatmaGandhi Marine National Park and KeibulLamjao (National Park).

– Status Survey of Endangered Species

Status survey on the six species wereundertaken viz., Swamp Deer, Mouse Deer,Goral, Chinkara, Desert Cat, GangeticDolphin, Blackbuck and Four hornedantelope.

– State Faunal Surveys

A total sixteen and intensive surveys wereundertaken in the states and UnionTerritories of viz., Arunachal Pradesh,Meghalaya, Assam, Uttar Pradesh,Uttarakhand, Haryana, Rajasthan, Bihar,Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, OrissaJharkhand, Kerala, Karnataka,Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andaman andNicobar Islands and Himachal Pradesh.

– Other Studies

A total of fourteen programmes underEcological Studies, River Systems, Agro-ecosystems, Bioacoustics, and EasternGhats were under taken. Several scientistsfrom Headquarters as well as RegionalCentres observed the longest solar eclipseof the 21st century on 22nd July and inconnection with that the scientists of theSurvey conducted eco-observation studieson the impact of the eclipse on fauna.

– Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)Studies

EIA studies were conducted in two areas,one at Kapudi and Jalipa Lignite Miningblocks of District Barmer, Rajasthan andLower Subansiri Hydro-Electric Project.

Fig-5. Himalaya blue sheep popularly known as‘Bharal’

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Research Work

– Identification of New Taxa

A total of thirty nine species were describednew to science including one new genusduring the year, the details are as follows:

Amphibia (Eleven)

Family: BUFONIDAE

Bufo kiphirensisBufo mamitensisBufo manipurensisBufo mizoramensisBufo nagalandensisBufo wokhaensis

Family: RACHOPHORIDAE

Chirixalus senapatiensisPhilautus manipurensisPolypedates assamensisPolypendates subansiriensisRhacophorus subansiriensis

Pices (One)

Subfamily : NEMACHEILINAE

Aborichthys rosammai

Archnida (One)

Family: EREMULIDAE

Eremulus indicus

Insecta (Sixteen)

Order: HYMENOPTERA

Narendraniola flagellate n. gen., n.sp.Tiphodytes gracilisTiphodytes minutusTiphodytes crassusTanaodytes elongatusHeydenia gibsoniPhilimides indicusLophomyrmex changlangensis

Palachia frontopunctaPalachia neorobustaPalmon kottiyooricusKostijurixia laharaensisColotrechnus melghaticusHomoporus maharashtriensisChlorocytus amaravathicus

Order : COLEOPTERA

Corticarina mizoramica

Nematoda (Ten)

Order : DORYLAIMIDA

Torumanawa shinensisMylodiscus mognusNeoactinolaimus rajasthanensis

Order: SPIRURIDA

Diplotriaena champawatensisDiplotriaena zootheraeDiplotriaenaniltavaeDiplotriaena almoraensis

Order: MONONCHIDA

Miconchus rectengularisMiconchus bulbicaudatusCosmocercoides karnatakaensis

New Records

Besides above, seventy species of HardCorals, nineteen species of BudibranchMolluscs, seventy species of Pisces, twentytwo species of Insects are new to the countryand a number of the distributional recordsof States, Ecosystems and conservationareas.

– Taxonomic Studies

A total of fifteen thousand five hundredthirty two specimens including sevenhundred eighty nine Aves (observed) andtwo hundred thirty four mammals (sighted)

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under eighteen faunal groups werecollected, of which five hundred fifty eightspecies of twelve faunal groups.

– Checklist of Indian Fauna

Following checklist of Indian fauna areuploaded on the website viz., Nepomorpha(Hemiptera: Insecta), Gerromorpha(Hemiptera: Insecta), Atyidae andPalaemonidae (Decapoda: Crustacea),Lepidopterous Pests of Vegitables in India,Scelioniane (Hymenoptera: Insecta),Embioptera (Insecta), Odonata (Insecta),Pteromalidae (Chalcidoidea: Hymenoptera:Insecta), Acanthocephala, Eucharitidae(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Insecta),Amphibia, Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha,Trichoptera (Insecta), Ephemeroptera(Insecta), Psychodidae (Diptera: Insecta),Valid Indian Rodent Taxa, Native freshwaterFishes of India, Membracidae (Homoptera:Insecta)

A Faunal database centre was inauguratedby Hon’ble Member of PlanningCommission Prof. K. Kasturiranga.

– Collaborative Projects Undertaken

Six Collaborative Projects were assignedto ANRC, Andaman and Nicobar centreand one Collaborative research project ofZSI at Kolkata include Habitat analysis fortranslocation of Pygmy hog at JaldaparaWildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal. Underthe collaborative project, during this periodeighteen field surveys were conducted invarious islands of Campbell Bay in GreatNicobar Island, Mahatma Gandhi MarineNational Park, North Bay Reef and Rutlandin South Andaman, Ritchie’s Archipelagoin Middle Andaman and NancoworyIslands in Nicobar. As much as onethousand six hundred forty eight specimenscollected through these surveys and ninehundred twelve faunal species wereidentified from the different groups. Theyare ninety six species of zooplankton, onehundred eighty three species of mollusks,ninety four species of echinoderms, onehundred sixty six species of corals,seventeen species of octocorals, ninety fourspecies of fishes thirty four species of fishes,forty seven species of butterflies, elevenspecies of reptiles and amphibians, onehundred sixty five species of birds and fivespecies of mammals.

– Identification and Advisory Services

During this period forty one enquiriespertaining to identification of differentgroups of animals were attended, fromUniversities and other agencies.

– Development of National ZoologicalCollection

The ZSI which is National depository of

Fig-6. Himalaya Griffon Vulture (Gypshimalayensis)

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Zoological specimens, maintaining thecollection of a large number of identifiedexamples of species belonging to almostall groups of animals of the country. TheNational Zoological Collection was furtherenriched by the addition of three thousandone hundred ninety eight identifiedspecimens pertaining to five hundred fiftyeight species.

– Training and Extension Programme

The following training courses wereorganised during the year.

– XII Leadership Course on “EnvironmentalAwareness and Wildlife Conservation

– International Day for Biological Diversity“Invasive Alien Species” as the Focaltheme

– Training Programme for “Non-matriculateGroup-D Employees

– Departmental Publications

– Rec. ZSI Volume 109(Part-1)

– Rec. ZSI Volume 109(Part-2)

– Occ. Paper No. 292.Animal remains fromJaugada archeologicalsite, Orissa… ancientcivilization

– Occ. Paper No.293.Studies on little knownAmphibian species ofNorth East India

– Occ. Paper No. 294.Identification of some

small mammal species through owl pelletanalysis

– Occ. Paper No. 295. Dung Beetles Thardesert of Gujarat

– Occ. Paper No. 296. Dung Beetles ofRajasthan

– Occ. Paper No. 297. List of valid rodentTaxa from Indian subcontinent

– Occ. Paper No. 298. Amorphotaxonomic studies of the Indianspecies of Forcipomyia Meigen bitingmidges

– Occ. Paper No. 299. Bibliographicalnotes on Amphibians of N-E India

– Occ. Paper No. 300. Studies on thechromosomes of grasshoppers etc.

– Occ. Paper No. 301. Coral reefecosystem of Andaman-Remote sensingand rapid site assessment survey

Fig-7. Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) in their natural habitat

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– Occ. Paper No. 302. An annotatedChecklist of Indian Amphibians

– Memoirs of ZSI Vol.21 (No.3). Animalremains from Brahmagiri Archeologicalsite, Karnataka… Ancient civilization

– Pictorial Handbook – Dragonflies andDamselflies of Sunderbans

– Handbook on Butterflies of HimachalPradesh

– Handbook on Hard Corals of Gulf ofKachchh

– Pictoral guide of fishes of Nemipteridae

– ENVIS Newsletter

– Animal Discoveries 2008

– Conservation Area Series 38- TalChhapar Wildlife Sanctuary

– Conservation Area Series 39- PachmarhiBiosphere Reserve

– Conservation Area Series40- Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve

– Conservation Area Series41- Simbalbara Wildlife Sanctuary

– Conservation Area Series42- Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary

– Fauna of Krishna Estuary

– Books Released during the period

The following books were released duringthe year by the dignitaries-

– Animal remains from Brahmagiriarcheological site, Karnataka… Ancientcivilization by the Hon’ble Minister,MoEF.

– Fauna of Krishna Estuary by the Hon’bleMinister, MoEF

– Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve by theHon’ble Minister, MoEF

– Hard Corals of Gulf of Kachchh by theHon’ble Minister, MoEF

– Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve by theMember, Planning Commission, New Delhi

– Coral reef ecosystem of Andaman –Remote sensing and rapid site assessmentsurvey by the Member, PlanningCommission, New Delhi

– An annotated Checklist of IndianAmphibians by the Member, PlanningCommission, New Delhi

– Catalogue of Type Species of MarinePorifera by the Member, PlanningCommission, New Delhi

– Dung Beetles of Rajasthan by Prof.Madhav Gadgil, Chairman, Task Force,ZSI and BSI

– Tal Chhapar Wildlife Sanctuary by Prof.Madhav Gadgil, Chairman, Task Force,ZSI and BSI

– Identification of Seized Specimens from theEnforcement Authorities

Twenty seven confiscated materials of Forestdepartment/law enforcing directorates/Police department were identified, andreport sent to the concerned office. Thestatus of the following schedule animalsTrochus niloticus, Turbo marmoratus andHorseshoe crab Carcinoscorpiusrotundicanda and Carcinoscorpius gigaswere reviewed, in consultation with the IGForests, MoEF. Animals included underSection 38 of Biodiversity Act received fromdifferent states are also reviewed.

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– Foreign Visit

Four Scientist from ZSI hasparticipated in “IUCN EasternHimalayas FreshwaterBiodiversity AssessmentTraining Workshop” atKathmandu, Nepal from 22nd

to 26th July, 2009.

– National Symposium

One national symposium “Onrecent advances in biodiversity”conducted by Andaman andNicobar regional centre, ZSI,one hundred twenty fiveparticipants attended, sixty fouroral presentations were madeon this occasion. Volume containing onehundred twenty six abstracts has beenreleased during the symposium.

– Golden Jublee Celebrations

On completing fifty years of service toNation, Northeast Regional Centre, theyear long programme was initiated byHon’ble Governor of Meghalaya withrelease of four books, a quiz programmein collaboration with Doordarshan Kendra,Shillong and a one day seminar on theRole of Media on conservation of BiologicalDiversity.

– Participation on Training Programme onInformation Technology (IT) Awareness andE-Governance under InformationTechnology Programmes

Two hundred twenty three officer/staff ofZSI attended e-governance trainingprogramme under different batches atdifferent locations.

– Participation in Exhibition

ZSI participated twelve exhibitions atdifferent places of the country. Museumsand Aquaria maintained by ZSI attracteda large number of public as well asstudents, Western Ghats ecosystem atCalicut and Marine animals at Chennaiand Digha attracted maximum number ofvisitors viz. 4180, 2800 and 5,200respectively.

– Biodiversity Board Meeting Attended

ZSI scientists attended various stateBiodiversity board meetings at WestBengal, Karnataka, Mizoram, Orissa,Gujarat, and provided the information ofRules for amendments, their expertise incollection, preservation and identificationof animals and their ecology, framing themodalities of awareness programmestowards conservation of biodiversity inrespective state.

Fig-8. Horse-shoe crabs, found in north-east coast of India needprotection

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– Library Facility

ZSI library is holding the largest collectionof Books Journals on Zoology in Asia.During this year two hundred sixty ninebooks were purchased and twenty five werereceived as gift from various Institutes.Journals purchased three hundred thirteen,by gift three hundred fifty four, and byexchange seven hundred ninety four.Library provided four thousand ninehundred twenty one pages photocopies toScientists. Those who visited library wereone thousand four hundred eighty nine(departmental) and six hundred fourteenfrom other Institutes and colleges.Comprehensive catalogues on the followinganimal groups viz., Mammals, Birds,Reptilia and Amphibia, Fish, Mollusca, andHelminthology have been submitted forpublication. Data entry of Library holdingsfor e-Granthalaya commenced at Jodhpur,Pune, Dehradun and Chennai.

– Visitors to Zoological Survey of India

Eleven renowned specialist of Indiannational and six Foreign National examined

type specimens and they were provided allnecessary facilities.

Forest Resources and Survey

Survey and Utilisation (SU) Division

Survey & Utilization (SU) deals withthe matter related to Forest Survey of India,Dehradun, Andaman & Nicobar Forest &Plantation Development Corporation Ltd., PortBlair, Export & Import of wood and woodproducts, Forest Certification, SustainableForest Management, International TropicalTimber Organization etc.

Beside the above there is a planscheme in SU Division - ‘Strengthening ofForestry Division’ under its administrativecontrol. This scheme have five componentwhich are as follows:-

– Forest Survey of India

– Network of Regional Offices

– National Forestry Data Base ManagementSystem (NFDMS)/ National ForestryInformation System

– Sustainable Forest Management,Certification, Trade etc./Certification Programme for Woodand Non-wood Forest Resources

– National CoordinatedProgramme for Assessment of Non-Timber Forest Products Resources

Forest Survey of India (FSI)

Introduction

Forest Survey of India (FSI) isa national level organization forforest resource assessment of thecountry under the Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests,Fig-9. The painted grasshopper (Poekilocerus pictus)

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Government of India. It succeeded the “Preinvestment Survey of Forest Resources” (PISFR),which was a project initiated in 1965 byGovernment of India with the sponsorship ofFood and Agriculture Organization (FAO) andUnited Nations Development Programme(UNDP). The PISFR was reorganized into FSIin June 1981. The mandate of FSI was revisedin 1986 in order to make it more relevantto the rapidly changing needs and aspirationsof the country. Major activities of FSI are Forest& Tree Cover Assessment and Estimation ofGrowing Stock of wood within and outsidethe country’s forests. FSI is also engaged inproviding training to state forest departmentpersonnel in application of Remote Sensing& Geographical Information System (GIS) inforest resource assessment. The mainobjectives of FSI are as.

– To assess the forest cover of the countrythrough Remote Sensing technology,analyze the changes and prepare State ofForest Report biennially.

– To conduct inventory in forests and non-forest areas at national level and developdatabase on wood volume and alsoestimate tree cover.

– To function as a nodal agency for collection,compilation, storage and dissemination ofspatial database on forest resources.

– To conduct training of forestry personnel inapplication of technologies related toresources survey, remote sensing, GIS, etc.

– To strengthen research & developmentinfrastructure in FSI and to conduct researchon applied forest survey techniques.

– To support State/UT Forest Departments(SFD) in forest resources survey, mappingand inventory.

– To undertake forestry related specialstudies/consultancies and custom madetraining courses for SFD’s and otherorganisations on project basis.

Organizational Set-up

The Forest Survey of India is locatedat Dehradun and its four zonal offices arelocated at Shimla, Kolkata, Nagpur andBangalore. The organisation is headed by aDirector General, assisted by two JointDirectors at the headquarters who are lookingafter the National Forest Data ManagementCentre (NFDMC) and the Training & ForestInventory (TFI) wings and eight DeputyDirectors, Assistant Directors and othertechnical & ministerial staff. Each zonal officeis headed by a Regional Director supportedby Deputy Director(s) and other technical &ministerial staff. The Headquarters as well asthe zonal offices work in close coordinationto carry out the various mandated andadditional activities of FSI.

Besides administration and overallcontrol, the activities at the headquartersincludes forest cover assessment, producingmaps, designing methodology for nationalinventory, data processing, producing Stateof Forest Reports, conducting training,coordination and monitoring the activities ofZonal offices. The major activity of the zonaloffices is field inventory. In a phased mannerthe zonal offices are also being assigned thework of forest cover mapping.

The Forest Survey of India, with itsfour regional centres has continued themandated activities of this organisation viz.assessment of the forest cover on a two-yearcycle and publishing the findings in the IndiaState of Forest Report; Inventory of forest andtrees outside forest; imparting training to

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forestry personnel in the field of applicationof Remote Sensing/GIS/GPS in forestresource assessment; conducting specialstudies and other R&D works.

Forest & Tree Cover

With the release of the ‘India State ofForest Report 2009’ so far eleven cycles offorest cover assessment have been completedsince 1987. Over the year with theadvancement of technologies of imageprocessing and data quality of remote sensing,the methodology of forest cover assessmenthas improved to provide more accurate dataproducts for better operational managementand planning. In addition to forest cover,assessment of tree cover of the country is alsobeing carried out using the Tree OutsideForest (TOF) inventory data.

Forest & TOF inventory

More than 80 % forest area of thecountry was inventoried by 2000. A newinventory design was adopted by FSI since2002 to generate national level estimates ofgrowing stock both for forest and TOFresources on a two year cycle on the basisof selected sampled districts. This estimate isfurther improved in the subsequent cycle withthe increase in the numbers of sampleddistricts. Thus there is a progressiveimprovement in the precision of the estimateswith completion of each cycle.

Training

More than two thousand nine hundredforestry personnel from State ForestDepartments have been trained so far in thevarious training programmes conducted atFSI on the following themes.

– Application of Remote Sensing and GIS inEffective Forest Planning and Management

– Application of Remote Sensing and GIS inWorking Plan Preparation

– Advanced Course on Application of GISin Forest Resource Management

– Inventory Techniques, Image Processing andGIS Applications in Forestry

– GPS in Forest Surveys & Demarcation

FSI has also trained around fivehundred forestry personnel at various outreachcustomized training courses for the State ForestDepartments.

In addition to the above, FSI is alsoworking on various projects assigned byGovernment of India some of which are asfollows.

– National Forest Type Mapping

– Monitoring of Area Coverage & SurvivalPercentage of Plantations/ Afforestationunder National Afforestation Programme(NAP)

– Mapping of change in land use in Aravallihills of Haryana

– Assessment of Coral Reefs in India

– Near real time monitoring of active ForestFires using MODIS Web Fire Mapper

– Analysis of eligibility of lands for afforestationand re-afforestation projects under CleanDevelopment Mechanism (CDM)

– Assessment of Mangroves in India

– Coastal Zone Studies project

India State of Forest Report 2009

Introduction

Forest Survey of India has beenbringing out ‘State of Forest Reports’ since

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1987 based on interpretation of satelliteimages.

India State of Forest Report 2009 isthe eleventh such report.

Forest cover mapping in this reporthas been done by digital interpretation ofsatellite images of LISS III sensor ofResourcesat-1. The scale is 1:50,000 andthe minimum mappable area is 1 ha.

Forest Cover

The status of forest cover of the countrybased on digital interpretation of satellite dataof the period Oct 2006-Feb 2007 havingspatial resolution of 23.5m is provided in theTable-1.

India’s forest cover in 2007 is 69.09million ha which is 21.02% of thegeographical area. Of this, 8.35 million ha(2.54%) is very dense forest, 31.90 millionha (9.71%) is moderately dense forest, andthe rest 28.84 million ha (8.77%) is openforest; including 0.46 million ha mangroves.Excluding the area (18.31 million ha) abovetree line, the forest cover of the country comesof 22.26%.

A comparison of the forest cover of thecountry between the present and the precedingassessments (2005) shows that there is a netgain of 728 km2 during the period.

Due to a new methodology, refinementhas been done in the forest cover data of‘SFR 2005’. The original and revised figuresof ‘SFR 2005’ have been presented in Chapter1 of the main report.

Madhya Pradesh has the largest forestcover (7.77 million ha) amongst States/UTsconstituting 11.25% of the country’s forest

cover followed by Arunachal Pradesh(9.75%), Chhattisgarh (8.09%), Maharashtra(7.33%) and Orissa (7.07%).

The seven North-East States togetheraccount for about one fourth of the total forestcover of the country. The North-East regionof the country comprising seven States namely,Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur,Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland & Tripurais only 7.76% of the geographic area of thecountry, but accounts for nearly one fourthof its forest cover. The total forest cover inthe region is 170,423 km2, which is 66.81%of the geographic area as against the nationalaverage of 21.02%. Compared with theprevious assessment, there is a net gain of598 km2.

Decadal Change in Forest Cover of theCountry

Forest cover of India has shown anincreasing trend in the last decade despitethe ever increasing pressure on forests dueto population growth. The increase in the forestcover of the country is reflected in the timeseries of forest cover assessments done byFSI on a biennial basis since 1987. As seenthe forest cover of India has increased from65.96 million ha in 1997 assessment (satellitedata pertaining to 1994) to 69.09 million hain the current assessment (satellite datapertaining to 2009-07) i.e. an increase of3.13 million ha (4.75%). It is worth notinghere that because of significant changes inthe resolution and quality of satellite data,methodology of interpretation, scale ofmapping and classification scheme, thedecadal data may not be str ict lycomparable. An attempt has been made toreduce (normalize) the effects of

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Table-1. Forest cover in States/UTs in India in 2007

*The change in the above table refers to change in the area with respect to revised assessment for 2005.

Forest Cover States/UTs Geographical. Area (GA)

Very Dense Forest

Mod. Dense Forest

Open Forest

Total Percent to GA

Change in

forest cover

Scrub

Andhra Pradesh 275,069 820 24,757 19,525 45,102 16.40 -129 10,372Arunachal Pradesh 83,743 20,858 31,556 14,939 67,353 80.43 -119 111 Assam 78,438 1,461 11,558 14,673 27,692 35.30 -66 179 Bihar 94163 231 3248 3325 6,804 7.23 -3 134 Chhattisgarh 135,191 4,162 35,038 16,670 55,870 41.33 -59 107 Delhi 1,483 7 50 120 177 11.94 0 1 Goa 3,702 511 624 1,016 2,151 58.10 -5 1 Gujarat 196022 376 5249 8995 14,620 7.46 16 1,463 Haryana 44212 27 463 1104 1,594 3.61 -10 145 Himachal Pradesh 55673 3224 6383 5061 14,668 26.35 2 327 Jammu & Kashmir 222,236 4,298 8,977 9,411 22,686 10.21 -3 2,036 Jharkhand 79714 2590 9899 10405 22,894 28.72 172 683 Karnataka 191,791 1,777 20,181 14,232 36,190 18.87 -10 3,176 Kerala 38,863 1,443 9,410 6,471 17,324 44.58 40 58 Madhya Pradesh 308,245 6,647 35,007 36,046 77,700 25.21 -39 6,401 Maharashtra 307,713 8,739 20,834 21,077 50,650 16.46 -11 4,157 Manipur 22,327 701 5,474 11,105 17,280 77.40 328 1 Meghalaya 22,429 410 9,501 7,410 17,321 77.23 116 211 Mizoram 21,081 134 6,251 12,855 19,240 91.27 640 1 Nagaland 16,579 1,274 4,897 7,293 13,464 81.21 -201 2 Orissa 155,707 7,073 21,394 20,388 48,855 31.38 100 4,852 Punjab 50362 0 733 931 1,664 3.30 4 20 Rajasthan 342,239 72 4,450 11,514 16,036 4.69 24 4,347 Sikkim 7,096 500 2,161 696 3,357 47.31 0 356 Tamil Nadu 130,058 2,926 10,216 10,196 23,338 17.94 24 1,206 Tripura 10,486 111 4,770 3,192 8,073 76.99 -100 75 Uttar Pradesh 240,928 1,626 4,563 8,152 14,341 5.95 -5 745 Uttarakhand 53,483 4,762 14,165 5,568 24,495 45.80 2 271 West Bengal 88,752 2,987 4,644 5,363 12,994 14.64 24 29 Andaman & Nicobar 8,249 3,762 2,405 495 6,662 80.76 -1 53 Chandigarh 114 1 10 6 17 14.91 0 1 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 491 0 114 97 211 42.97 -5 1 Daman & Diu 112 0 1 5 6 5.04 0 3 Lakshadweep 32 0 16 10 26 82.75 0 0 Puducherry 480 0 13 31 44 9.14 2 0 Grand Total 3,287,263 83,510 319,012 288,377690,899 21.02 728 41,525

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methodology and technology changes, sothat an estimate of the real change in theforest cover can be elicited, although suchan exercise is bound to have its ownlimitations and the results can be only takenas best approximations.

The technological advancement andmethodological refinements over the years asmentioned above have resulted in threesignificant changes viz. change of scale,inclusion of smaller patches of forest coverup to one ha and switching over from rasterto vector approach. However, by suitablemathematical treatment using a logical basis,an effort has been made to make theassessment results of different yearscomparable by factoring in these changes

Forest cover in different forest types

An extensive study was carried out inGIS frame work to map India’s forests byforest types according to Champion & Sethclassification (1968) on 1:50,000 scale.There are sixteen forest type groups subdivided into two hundred types. In India SFR2009 this information is being presented upto sixteen type groups.

Forest cover in different altitude zones

The forest cover data was analyzedin GIS format to determine the forest coverin different altitudinal zones for the first time.The zones for analysis were taken as 0 -500m, 500-1000m, 1000-2000m, 2000 -3000m and above 3000m.

Considering area above 4000m (‘treeline’) as not suitable for increasing forest coverfor all practical purposes, the area in theHimalayan region of the country in the states

of Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh,Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim and Uttarakhand wasassessed (183, 135 km2). If this area is removed,the forest and tree cover of the country becomes25.25% of the geographical area.

State-wise growing stock

India SFR 2009 provides estimates ofState-wise growing stock. The methodologyof National Forest Inventory (NFI) is designedto provide estimates of growing stock atnational level. In the national level inventorydesign, the distribution of sample plots is notadequate to generate the state level estimatesdirectly. However, considering the requirementof state level estimates of growing stock, aspecial technique has been applied for thefirst time, for generating the state levelestimates.

Forest cover in hill districts

As per the planning Commission’scriterion, a hill taluka is one with altitude overfive hundred metre from the mean sea level.A hill district is one with over half its areaunder hill talukas. The forest cover in onehundred twenty four hill districts is 281,841km2, which is 39.82% of the total geographicarea of these districts, showing a net gain of663 km2, mainly due to regrowth in shiftingcultivation areas.

From another perspective, the tribaldistricts have nearly three fifths of the country’stotal forest cover.

Forest cover in tribal districts

FSI has assessed forest cover in thedistricts identified as tribal districts by the

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Government of India in the Integrated TribalDevelopment Programme. The forest coverin 188 tribal districts is 412,625 km2, whichis 37.32% of the total geographic area ofthese districts, showing a net gain of 690km2 which is mainly due to regrowth in shiftingcultivation area and protection.

Mangrove cover

Mangroves comprise salt-tolerant,evergreen, broad leaved trees having aerialroots like pneumatophores or stilt roots andviviparous germinated seedlings found mainlyin tropical and subtropical inter-tidal regionsof the world.

Mangroves in India cover 4,639 km2

showing a net increase of 58 km2 over theprevious assessment figures. West Bengalhas nearly half of the country’s mangroves.

Tree cover

India’s tree cover (comprising subhectare tree patches outside forest cover) hasbeen estimated as 92,769 km2 (Table-2)constituting 2.82% of geographical area ofthe country. Excluding the area above treeline, it comes to 2.99%.

Tree cover constitutes the largest areain Maharashtra (9,466 km2) followed byGujarat (8,390 km2), Rajasthan (8,274 km2)and Uttar Pradesh (7,381 km2). Consideringthe percentage of geographic area under treecover, the highest rank goes to Lakshadweep(12.50%) followed by Chandigarh (9.65%),Delhi (8.29%), Daman & Diu (8.04%), Goa(7.73%) and Kerala (7.21%).

The total growing stock of wood in thecountry has been estimated to be 6.098 billion

m3 of which 4.499 billion m3 is in the forests,and 1.599 billion m3 is in tree outside forests.

The average growing stock (in forests)is 58.46 m3 per ha.

Network of Regional Offices

Six Regional Offices have been set upat Bangalore, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar,Lucknow, Shillong and Chandigarh, with theHeadquarter unit in the Ministry at New Delhito carry out the following roles and functions(Objectives):

– To monitor and evaluate all ongoing forestrydevelopment projects and scheme withspecific emphasis on conservation of forests;

– To assist the State/UT Governments inpreparation of the proposals involvingdiversion of forests land for non-forestrypurposes under the provisions ofForest(Conservation) Act, 1980;

– To undertake physical inspection of site incases of diversion of forestland involvingan area of more than forty ha.

– To monitor the implementation of conditionsand safeguards stipulated by CentralGovernment in the proposal approvedunder Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.

– To assist the State/UTs in the preparationof management plans for working of forestunder their control within the framework ofguidelines issued by Central Governmentfrom time to time;

– To assist the State/UTs in streamliningcollection, collation, storage and retrievalof data/ covering all forestry activities andto transmit such data to the CentralGovernment/ Central Data Processing Unit.

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Table-2. State/ UT wise Tree Cover Estimates

Tree Cover S.N State/UT Geographic Area Area (km2) % of Geo.

Area 1 Andhra Pradesh 275,069 7,191 2.61 2 Arunachal Pradesh 83,743 592 0.71 3 Assam 78,438 1,590 2.03 4 Bihar 94,163 2,495 2.65 5 Chhattisgarh 135,191 4,027 2.98 6 Delhi 1,483 123 8.29 7 Goa 3,702 286 7.73 8 Gujarat 196,022 8,390 4.28 9 Haryana 44,212 1,409 3.19

10 Himachal Pradesh 55,673 638 1.15 11 Jammu & Kashmir 222,236 6,764 3.04 12 Jharkhand 79,714 3,032 3.80 13 Karnataka 191,791 5,683 2.96 14 Kerala 38,863 2,801 7.21 15 Madhya Pradesh 308,245 6,871 2.23 16 Maharashtra 307,713 9,466 3.08 17 Manipur 22,327 197 0.88 18 Meghalaya 22,429 542 2.42 19 Mizoram 21,081 172 0.82 20 Nagaland 16,579 300 1.81 21 Orissa 155,707 4,435 2.85 22 Punjab 50,362 1,699 3.37 23 Rajasthan 342,239 8,274 2.42 24 Sikkim 7,096 20 0.28 25 Tamil Nadu 130,058 4,968 3.82 26 Tripura 10,486 171 1.63 27 Uttar Pradesh 240,928 7,381 3.06 28 Uttarakhand 53,483 665 1.24 29 West Bengal 88,752 2,458 2.77 30 Andaman & Nicobar Islands 8,249 44 0.53 31 Chandigarh 114 11 9.65 32 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 491 27 5.50 33 Daman & Diu 112 9 8.04 34 Lakshadweep 32 4 12.50 35 Pondicherry 480 34 7.08

Total 3,287,263 92,769 2.82

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– To dispose of proposal for diversion offorestland up five ha. & to examine /process the proposal above five ha to fortyha; except regularization of encroachmentand mining.

– To render assistance in preparation of theNational Forestry Action Plan.

– To assist Paryavaran Vahinies in thecapacity of observers as well as technicaladvisors;

– To monitor implementation of conditions andsafeguards laid down by the Ministry forEnvironmental clearance under EPA 1986.

The Headquarter Unit in the Ministryat New Delhi is responsible for administration,supervision and co-ordination of all theactivities relating to the function assigned tothe Regional Offices as enumerated aboveunder the overall control of the Ministry ofEnvironment & Forests.

‘Forest Certification’ of Timber, Non-TimberForest Products

– Forest Certification has emerged as avoluntary market-driven mechanism insupport of Sustainable Forest Management(SFM). Certification initiatives rely onconsumers exercising purchasing choice infavour of products labelled as originatingfrom forests certified to have beensustainably managed. Certification andEco-labeling are the new mantras toenhance the product positioning for apremium price on one hand and ensuringbetter forest management practices on theother hand.

– The Ministry constituted a National WorkingGroup / Governing Body to frame the

policy guidelines for forest certification fortimber and Non-timber forest products. Forthis purpose, three Committees wereconstituted to prepare a road map and thenecessary criteria and processes for thedevelopment of National Certificationmechanism in the country. Thesecommittees were merged into singlecommittee namely the ‘National ForestCertification Committee’ for thedevelopment of Certification Criteria,Certification Process and AccreditationCriteria & Process towards ForestCertification of timber, Non-timber ForestProducts under the Chairmanship of Prof.Maharaj Muthoo, Ex-Executive Director,FSC with the approval of Hon’ble MOS(F&WL).

– In this year, three meeting of the NationalForest Certification Committee wasconvened on 15th April, 2009, 3rd July,2009 and 25th August, 2009. Thesemeetings were attended by a large numberof stakeholders from different parts ofcountry and abroad. In these meetings, Itwas unanimously agreed that the committeeshould continue to work with due diligencetowards assessing the modus operandi forinstituting an appropriate ForestCertification Mechanism in the country. Thisshould be expedited so that an independentNational Certification Council is establishedas possible with a secure corpus fund withinan year or so.

Development of National Forestry DatabaseManagement System (NFDMS)

– The Ministry constituted an Expert/Advisory/ Working Group with an aim to

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support the implementation of an integratedNational Forestry Database ManagementSystem (NFDMS) in a comprehensivemanner including strengthening of thetechnological, institutional and humancapabilities to ensure continuing andeffective dissemination and use of foreststatistics. In this year, the Ministry hasfunded a National Preparatory Workshopfor Forestry Information System which willbe conducted by Centre for Forest andNatural Resource Management Studies,Government of Andhra Pradesh inHyderabad.

National Coordinated Programme forAssessment of Non-Timber Forest ProductsResources

– A Committee was constituted under theChairmanship of Inspector General ofForests (NAEB), Ministry of Environment &Forests for evolving a mechanism forMinimum Support Price to the collectors ofNon-Timber Forest Products (NTFP’s). Afterdue deliberations & consultations withstakeholders involved in NTFP’s sector, thecommittee has submitted a report identifyingthe issues and future course of action. Inthe report, it has been proposed that foroverall coordination of issues relating toNTFP, a national body should be constitutedwhich, apart from policy and programmaticinitiatives may provide financial resourcesfor the management and development ofthe NTFP sector. An apex level body setup at the national level would help andguide the NTFP sector through the criticalphase that it is passing through.

The Ministry had circulated the report toconcerned stakeholders and a meeting was

convened on 24th July, 2009. In thismeeting, it was decided that FRI, Dehradunwill send a study proposal to address theissue of ‘Ensuring Fair Returns to PrimaryCollectors of Non Timber Forest Products’.Accordingly, a proposal was received fromFRI, Dehradun which is under examination.

Export & Import of forestry products and Tariffstructure forestry items

– The Division deals with the formulation ofguidelines and directions for domestic andinternational trade in forest produce andthe necessary regulation of export andimport of forest produce as per the ForeignTrade Policy as well as the applied Tariffrates. Towards this purpose, the Ministryhas constituted a Core Group to study theapplied rates and import duties which arevery significant in deciding the tariff ratesfor multilateral and bilateral tradenegotiations. The Core Group hasrecommended that certain items under ITC(HS) classification to be removed from theNegative List for the purpose of import andretained a few items under the sensitive(Negative List) necessary to safeguard theinterest of farmers of agro-forestry and farm-forestry in particular and the overall healthof the Forestry Sector in general. Moreover,the decisions regarding the tariff structureare being taken in view of the countryspecific bilateral/multilateral tradenegotiations keeping the environmental andecological sensitivity of the items under theITC (HS) Codes on top priority.

The Division also deals with the issue ofNOC for grant of export license for exportof wood and wood products for the

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application received through DirectorateGeneral of Foreign Trade, New Delhi.

International Tropical Timber Organisation(ITTO)

– The International Tropical TimberOrganisation (ITTO) was established during1983 and is governed by the InternationalTropical Timber Agreement (ITTA). The ITTOis a commodity organisation bringingtogether the producer and consumermember countries to discuss and exchangeinformation and develop policies of allaspects of the World Tropical TimberEconomy. The Headquarter of ITTO is atYokohama, Japan. There are fifty ninemember countries, out of which thirty threeare Producer member countries and twentysix Consumer member countries. Indiabelongs to the group of the producingmember countries. The ITTO’s membershiprepresents 90% of world trade in tropicaltimber and 80% of the world’s tropical forests.

– The ITTO members in 1990 agreed to strivefor International Trade of Tropical Timberfrom sustainably managed forests by thecentury’s end. This commitment becameknown as the ‘Objective 2000’ and a largepart of the ITTO programme of projectsand activities are devoted to itsachievement. It remains a central goal ofthe Organisation, supported by renewedefforts to raise the capacity of government,industry and communities to manage theirforests and add value to their forestproducts, and to maintain and increase thetransparency of the trade and access tointernational markets.

– The In ternat ional Tropical TimberAgreement ( ITTA), 1994 is being

replaced by a successor agreement, i.e.the ITTA 2006. India as a signatory toITTA 1994 has ratified and depositedthe instrument of ratification with theUN Secretary General in New York on25th July, 2008.

International Tropical Timber Council (ITTC)

– The governing body of the ITTO is theInternational Tropical Timber Council, whichis composed of all the organization’smembers. The council is supported by fourCommittees namely:-

- Committee on Economic Information andMarket Intelligence

- Committee on Reforestation and ForestManagement

- Committee on Forest Industry

- Committee on Finance andAdministration

– The 45th session of the International TropicalTimber Council (ITTC), the governing bodyof ITTO was held at Yokohama, Japanduring 9th - 14th November, 2009 and wasattended by Deputy Inspector General ofForests as Indian delegate.

Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) Cell

– Sustainable Forest Management of Forestsis of immense significance due to itscontribution towards sustainabledevelopment. Sustainable Management ofForest is not a new concept in India. Indiaremains committed to the goals ofSustainable Forest Management and is asignatory to the “Objective 2000” of theITTO.

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Committed to the goal of achievingSustainable Forest Management a NationalTask Force was constituted in November,1999 by Government of India non asBhopal-India process this recognized eightCriteria and forty three Indicators. TheNational set of C&I was refined in the year2005 based on field experiences.Thereafter eight Criteria and thirty sevenIndicators have been adopted during theyear 2008 for monitoring the directions ofchange at National level. These are suitableto all forest types and situation within thecountry and specifically designed forimplementation and monitoring at localForest Management Unit (FMUs).

In pursuance towards achieving sustainableforest management in the country, thefollowing actions have been undertakenby the Government:-

– An SFM Cell has been constituted in theMinistry of Environment & Forests,Government of India. This would act asNodal Body for policy matter at theCentral level.

– An SFM Cell has also been created inall the State Forest Departments on thesimilar lines of Central level ‘SFM Cell’headed by Working Plan in the respectiveStates / UTs.

– As per the decision taken in the secondmeeting of SFM Cell in the Ministry, inwhich all the members of the SFM Cell andthe representatives from various State ForestDepartments participated. The followingfour teams had been constituted:-

– Team under the chairmanship of Ex-DG(Forests) to prepare a document namely

“Revised Working Plan Code” forincorporating the final draft Criteria &Indicator for Sustainable ForestManagement into the Working PlanCode.

– Two teams have been constituted underthe chairmanship of Ex-DG (Forests) andEx-PCCF, Madhya Pradesh respectivelyfor the Pilot Testing of the final draftCriteria & Indicator (C&I) in the field forNorthern, Central, Eastern, Western andSouthern Regions.

– A team has been constituted under thechairmanship of Ex-PCCF, MadhyaPradesh for the purpose of preparationof Criteria & Indicator (C&I) forSustainable Management of Plantationin India.

– A team has been constituted under thechairmanship of Ex-PCCF, MadhyaPradesh for the purpose of Developmentof Criteria & Indicator (C&I) forSustainable Management of Non-timberForest Products (NTFPs)

– The 1st meeting of team to prepare adocument namely “Revised Working PlanCode” for incorporating the final draftCriteria & Indicator for Sustainable ForestManagement into the Working Plan Codewas held on 18th August, 2008 at Delhiunder the Chairmanship of Ex-DG(Forests). A combined meeting of twoteams for the Pilot Testing of the final draftCriteria & Indicator (C&I) in the field forNorthern, Central, Eastern, Western andSouthern Regions was also held on19th August, 2008 at Delhi. A project onPilot Testing of the final draft of the

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National C&I has now be sanctioned bythe Ministry.

– The Ministry has sanctioned the followingproject to Indian Institute of ForestManagement, Bhopal:-

– Preparation of Criteria & Indicators forSustainable Forest Management ofPlantation in India

– Pilot Testing of the National Set of Criteria& Indicators for Sustainable ForestManagement (SFM) in India.

– Development of Criteria & Indicators forSustainable Management of Non-TimberForest Produce (NTFP)

In addition to the above, anotherproject was sanctioned to Forest ResearchInstitute, Dehradun regarding revision ofNational Working Plan Code. Projects onestimation of Biomass, Role of wood carving,bamboo etc. have also been sanctioned toFRI, Dehradun.

Andaman & Nicobar Islands Forestand Plantation DevelopmentCorporation Ltd.

Andaman & Nicobar Islands Forestand Plantation Development CorporationLimited (ANIFPDCL) is a Government of IndiaPublic Sector Undertaking, created in 1977with the broad objectives of development andmanaging forestry plantations on the Islands.This Corporation has three main activitiesnamely (i) Forestry Project, (ii) Red Oil Palm(ROP) and (iii) Katchal Rubber Project (KRP)in operation.

It is loss making undertaking mainlydue to the fact that its main activity i.e. logging,

has been curtailed by the Hon’ble SupremeCourt’s Order banning the felling of trees.Due to this, even the obligatory expenses ofthe Corporation like the payment of salaries,wages etc. are possible only due to thesanction of interest bearing loans every yearfrom the Government of India. During theyear 2009-10, an amount of Rs.10.45 crorehas been sanctioned and released toANIFPDCL as an interest bearing loan formaking payment of salaries, wages, etc.Therefore, the restructuring of the Corporationin order to make it financially viable hasbecome a necessity. A proposal has beensubmitted by the Managing Director,ANIFPDCL regarding restructuring of theCorporation by offering Voluntary RetiringScheme (VRS) to its employees and closureof loss making units. After due examination,a committee under the Chairmanship of thePCCF and Secretary (Forests), Andaman &Nicobar Islands was constituted to look intomatter and submit a self contained proposalregarding the revival of the Corporation. Thesaid report (Choudhury Committee Report)has been received in the Ministry with thecomments from A&N Administration inDecember, 2009. A meeting is scheduled inFebruary/March, 2010 under theChairmanship of Secretary (E&F) to discussthe recommendations received from A&NAdministration for the revival and restructuringof ANIFPDCL. A preliminary discussion washeld under the Chairmanship of DGF&SS onthe recommendations of ChoudhuryCommittee Report on 22nd February, 2010.As soon as the meeting will take place underthe Chairmanship of Secretary (E&F), a draftCabinet Note will be prepared and submittedto the Union Cabinet thereafter.

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CHAPTER – 2

CONSERVATION

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Environmental Conservation


The Ministry of Environment & Forestsis at the forefront in regard to conservationand management of mangroves & coral reefs.The Ministry accords high priority to theConservation and Management of Mangrovesand Coral Reefs in the country. The CoastalRegulation Zone Notification (1991) underthe Environmental Protection Act (1986)recognizes the mangrove and coral reefsareas as ecologically sensitive andcategorizes them as CRZ-I (i) which impliesthat these areas are afforded protection ofthe highest order. Under the promotionalmeasures, the Government has identified thirtyeight mangrove areas and four coral reefsareas on a country-wide basis for intensiveconservation and management. (Table-3)

The National Environment Policy and theScheme

The National Policy, 2006 recognizesthat mangroves and coral reefs are animportant coastal environmental resource.They provide habitats for marine species;protection from extreme weather events; anda resource base for sustainable tourism. TheNational Environment Policy underlines theneed to mainstream the sustainablemanagement of mangroves into the forestrysector regulatory regime and adopt acomprehensive approach to IntegratedCoastal Zone Management.

Mangroves

As per the State of Forest Report 2009,published by Forest Survey of India themangrove cover in the country is 4,639 sqkm which is 0.14% of the country’s total

geographical area (Table-4). Compared with2005 assessment, there has been an increaseof fifty eight sq km in mangrove cover mainlybecause of the plantations and protectionmeasures in the States of Gujarat, Orissa,Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Decrease inmangrove cover in Andamans & NicobarIslands is attributed to after effects of tsunami.

Mangroves play an important role incoastal ecology and protecting the coastalareas from the impact of tidal waves but theextent of protection is variable & is a functionof several factors.

In case of Mangroves, the objectivesof the Scheme is to help the Coastal StateGovernments/Union Territories inrehabilitation of degraded Mangrove Areasand enhance Mangrove cover by replantationin the open mud flats etc. Financial Assistanceis given to coastal State Governments/UnionTerritories for implementation of ManagementAction Plan on Mangroves under the Scheme.One hundred percent assistance is given ongrant basis to Coastal States / UnionTerritories for activities like Survey andDemarcation, Afforestation, Restoration,Alternative / Supplementary Livelihoods,Protection Measures and Education &Awareness.

On an average, an annual targetcomprises about 3,000 hectares on a countrywide basis. The areas supported are amongthe thirty eight areas (Annexure-I) as alreadyidentified by MoEF for intensive conservation.During 2009-10, financial assistance to thetune of Rs. 6.25/- crores has been distributedamong West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa andGujarat for Conservation & Management of

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State/Union Territories

Mangrove Sites

W est Bengal 1. Sunderbans Orissa 2. Bhaitarkanika

3. Mahanadi 4. Subernarekha 5. Devi - Kadua 6. Dhamra 7. Mangrove Genetic Resources Centre (Kalibhanj-Dia) 8. Chilka

Andhra Pradesh 9. Coringa 10. East Godavari 11. Krishna

Tamil Nadu 12. Pichavaram 13. Muthupet 14. Ramnad 15. Pulicat 16. Kazhuveli

Andaman & Nicobar

17. North Andamans 18. Nicobar

Kerala 19. Vembanad 20. Kannur (Northern Kerala)

Karnataka 21. Coondapur 22. Dakshin Kannada/Honnavar 23. Karwar 24. Manglore Forest Division

Goa 25. Goa Maharashtra 26. Achra-Ratnagiri

27. Devgarh-Vijay Durg 28. Veldur 29. Kundalika-Revdanda 30. Mumbra-Diva 31. Vikroli 32. Shreevardhan 33. Vaitarna 34. Vasai-Manori 35. Malvan

Gujarat 36. Gulf of Kutchh 37. Gulf of Khambhat 38. Dumas-Ubhrat

Table-3. Mangroves Sites in India

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Table-4. State-wise Mangrove cover in India(Area in km2)

Assessment Year S. No.

State/UT

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 20071 Andhra Pradesh 495 405 399 378 383 383 397 333 329 354 353

2 Goa 0 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 16 16 17

3 Gujarat 427 412 397 419 689 901 1031 911 916 991 1,046

4 Karnataka 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 2 3 3 3

5 Kerala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 5

6 Maharashtra 140 114 113 155 155 124 108 118 158 186 186

7 Orissa 199 192 195 195 195 211 215 219 203 217 221

8 Tamil Nadu 23 47 47 21 21 21 21 23 35 36 39

9 West Bengal 2,076 2,109 2,119 2,119 2,119 2,123 2,125 2,081 2,120 2,136 2,152

10 A&N Islands 686 973 971 966 966 966 966 789 658 635 615

11 Daman & Diu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

12 Puducherry 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

Total 4,046 4,255 4,244 4,256 4,533 4,737 4,871 4,482 4,448 4,581 4,639

Mangroves in these coastal States. New areasare added to the existing list on the basis ofrecommendation by the National Committeeon Mangroves & Coral Reefs. The NationalCommittee has been duly reconstituted bythe Ministry on 19.09.2007.

The project entitled “Mangroves forFuture (MFF): a strategy for promotinginvestment in Coastal EcosystemConservation” is being coordinated by WorldConservation Union (IUCN) covering, initially,six Tsunami affected countries (including India)in South & South East Asia & Western IndianOcean. The project involves collaborationbetween multiple partners, includinggovernment agencies, NGOs, ResearchInstitutes, UN agencies and other multilateralbodies. India has agreed to participate in theproject. To oversee and guide the entire Indiacountry programme under IUCN-MFF (India)Programme as well as review, monitor andevaluate its implementation, a National

Coordination Body (NCB) has beenconstituted by the Ministry. At the regionallevel, there is Regional Steering Committeeto oversee the entire MFF programme in thesix participating countries. India hosted theFourth Regional Steering Committee Meetingat Sunderbans from 19-22 Jan, 2009. Indiawas able to showcase the beauty, grandeurand wealth of mangrove biodiversity ofSunderbans, which is the largest mangroveswamp in the world. Apart from arriving ata number of decisions, the meeting servedas common platform for sharing ofexperiences with other participating countriesand representives from United NationsDevelopment Programme (UNDP), Food andAgriculture Organization (FAO), andInternational Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN) etc. Six small grant projects (less thanUS$ 25,000/-) have been underimplementation under the MFF initiative duringthe current financial year. Three more small

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grant projects are beinglaunched during thecurrent financial year.The 4th meeting of theNCB was held on19.11.2009. During themeeting, the NCBdiscussed the largegrants from the first cyclewhich had receivedpositive appraisals bythe MFF Secretariat.Three projects from thefirst call (two fromGovernment of Gujaratand one from SugandhiDevadason MarineResearch Institute) whichwere appraised in the RSC 5 at Seychellesand dully revised by the proponents were re-endorsed by NCB for forwarding to MFFSecretariat. Of the eleven new large grantproposals received, four were recommendedby NCB in its meeting on 19.11.2009 forobtainment of financial support under MFFinitiative. India attended RSC 5 held inSeychelles during 6-10 July, 2009 in whichproject entitled “Alternative Livelihood optionsfor vulnerable mangrove resource users inthe Sundarban Tiger Reserve, West Bengal”by Director, Sunderban Biosphere Reserve,Government of West Bengal was approvedat a total cost of US $ 3,00,000/-.

Coral Reefs

The four major coral reefs areasidentified for intensive conservation &management are: i) Gulf of Mannar, ii) Gulfof Kachchh, iii) Lakshadweep and iv)Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The emphasis

is on preventive aspects through monitoringand surveillance as the restoration work isboth costly and time consuming. The Ministry

provides financial assistance to the State ForestDepartments of all the four identified coralreefs areas in the country for activities likemonitoring, surveillance, education &awareness. Besides, the Ministry also supportsR&D activities with emphasis on targetedresearch on coral biodiversity, its managementincluding various aspects of pollution in theseareas.

Fig-10. Mangroves – the natural coast guards

States/UnionTerritories Coral Reef Sites

Gujarat i) Gulf of KutchTamil Nadu ii) Gulf of MannarA&N Islands ii) A&N IslandsLakshadweep iv) Lakshadweep

Coral Reef Sites in India

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The Indian reef area is estimated tobe 2,375 sq km. For encouraging targetedresearch on both hard and soft corals in thecountry, the Ministry has established aNational Coral Reef Research Centre at PortBlair.

The International Coral Reef Initiative(ICRI){a partnership among governments,international organization, and non-governmental organizations throughout theworld} held its general meeting from 12-15January, 2010 at Monaco. India (Dr. B.P.Nilaratna, Joint Secretary, MOEF) attendedthe meeting, made a country presentationand submitted a country report.

Monitoring mechanism for the Scheme onConservation & Management of Mangroves& Coral Reefs

Two tier system at National and Statelevel are in operation for effective coordinationto implement the Scheme on Mangroves &Coral Reefs:

National level

– National Committee onMangroves & Coral Reefsmonitors the implementation ofthe approved ManagementAction Plans of the CoastalStates & UTs. The NationalCommittee met on 29-30September, 2009 at AndhraUniversity, Visakhapatnam andreviewed the ManagementAction Plans of Gujarat, TamilNadu, West Bengal, Orissa,Karnataka & Goa. The NationalCommittee also discussed i) thesignificant research findingsfrom ongoing projects on

mangroves & coral reefs; ii) supplementarylivelihood supports to local people in thevillages surrounding ecologically fragilemangrove & coral reef areas; iii) role ofeducation awareness in promotingconservation & management of mangroves& coral reefs; and iv) enabling activitiesand training requirements of variousStates/UTs.

– to supplement base line information onpriority areas of research, research projectsare sanctioned to Universities and researchinstitutes. A meeting of the Expert Group-B on ‘Conservation & Sustainable Utilizationof Natural Resources: Mangroves & CoralReefs’ was held on 1-2 September, 2009.The Group reviewed four ongoing projectsunder mangroves & coral reefs, appraisedtwelve new projects and selected refereesfor them. The Group also scrutinized thirtythree projects where comments of refereeswere available. Of these, eight projectswere recommended for financial support.

Fig-11. Corals – need conservation

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These are being processed during thecurrent financial year

State Level

– State level Steering Committee have beenconstituted under the Chairmanship of Chiefsecretaries/Additional Chief secretaries/Principal Secretaries of Departmentconcerned having members from subjectmatter departments/ academicians/stakeholders/ representative from CentralGovernment to discuss Management ActionPlans and review conservation activitiesundertaken from time to.

Biosphere Reserves

Introduction and Objective

Biosphere Reserves are areas ofterrestrial and coastal ecosystems which areinternationally recognized within theframework of UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere(MAB) programme. These Reserves arerequired to meet a minimal set of criteria andadhere to a minimal set of conditions beforebeing admitted to theWorld Network ofBiosphere Reservesdesignated by UNESCO.The world’s majorecosystem types andlandscapes arerepresented in thisnetwork, which is devotedto conserving biologicaldiversity, promotingresearch and monitoringas well as seeking toprovide models ofsustainable developmentin the service of human

kind with special reference to the localcommunities which mostly consist of traditionalsocities.

These Reserves are rich in biologicaland cultural diversity and encompass uniquefeatures of exceptionally pristine nature. Thegoal is to facilitate conservation ofrepresentative landscapes and their immensebiological diversity and cultural heritage,foster economic and human developmentwhich is culturally and ecologically sustainableand to provide support for research,monitoring, education and informationexchange. The scheme is a pioneering effortat pursuing the increasingly difficult yet urgenttask of conserving ecological diversity undermounting pressures. India has been dividedinto ten Bio-geographic Zones and these zonestogether consist of twenty five Bio-geographicprovinces. The aim is to designate onerepresentative site as Biosphere Reserve ineach Bio-geographic province for long termconservation.

Fig-12. View of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve

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Activities undertaken

The programme was initiated in 1986and till date, sixteen sites have beendesignated as Biosphere Reserve (BR) indifferent parts of the country. Apart fromsixteen sites already designated, a numberof potential sites have been identified. TheMinistry provides financial assistance to therespective State/UT Governments forconservation and management of thedesignated Biosphere Reserves. The IndianNational Man and Biosphere (MAB)Committee constituted by the MoEF is an apexbody to oversee the programme, providepolicy guidelines and review the programme.

Out of the sixteen Biosphere Reservesdesignated nationally, seven BiosphereReserves namely Sunderbans (West Bengal),Gulf of Mannar (Tamil Nadu) , Nilgiri (TamilNadu, Kerala and Karnataka), Nanda Devi,(Uttarakhand), Pachmarhi (Madhya Pradesh),Simlipal (Orissa) and Nokrek (Meghalaya)have been included in the World Network ofBiosphere Reserves so far. The proposals inrespect of Khangchandzonga (Sikkim), Manas(Assam) and Great Nicobar (Andaman &Nicobar Islands) are under activeconsideration of the UNESCO for inclusionin the world Network. Efforts are on for gettingremaining Biosphere Reserves included in theWorld Network of Biosphere Reserves.

A State wise list of sixteen BiosphereReserves designated so far along with theirarea and location is given in Table-5.

Research and development projectsare also supported in these designatedReserves and potential sites. A number ofResearch projects have completed during the

year (Annexure-IV) which provided baselinedata helpful in the scientific management ofthese Reserves.

Progress/Achievements made during the year

– Management Action Plans (MAPs) submittedby the concerned states were scrutinizedand sanctioned for implementation ofapproved items of activities. A Workshopwas organized in Pachmarhi BiosphereReserve (Madhya Pradesh) for BiosphereReserve Managers and Directors of LeadGardens. The Workshop provided greatopportunity for the managers andrepresentatives of Lead Research Institutionsto exchange views and experiences andinteract with experts in the field.

Comparison of progress in comparison toprevious year

– During the year, proposals fpr nominationof Achnakmar-Amarkantak (MadhyaPradesh and Chattisgarh) andAugsthyamalai (Tamil Nadu and Kerala)biosphere reserves were prepared and arelikely to be forwarded to UNESCO afterreceiving endorsement of the concernedState Governments.

Regulatory Acts /Rules governing theprogramme

The Core areas of the BiosphereReserves continue to be protected under theWild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 and the IndianForest Act, 1927 and Forest ConservationAct, 1980. However, a separate regulationwithin the framework of existing Environment(Protection) Act, 1986 is being firmed up toregulate activities within buffer and transitionZones of the Biosphere Reserves.

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S. No.

Name of the BR & total geographical area in km2 given in parenthesis

Date of Desig-nation

Location (States)

1. Nilgiri (5520)* 1.8.86 Part of Wynad, Nagarhole, Bandipur and Madumalai, Nilambur, Silent Valley and Siruvani hills (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka)

2. Nanda Devi * (6497.03)

18.1.88 Part of Chamoli, Pithoragarh & Almora Districts and Valley of Flowers (Uttarakhand)

3. Nokrek (820) * 1.9.88 Part of Garo Hills (Meghalaya) 4. Manas

(2837) 14.3.89 Part of Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari,

Kamprup and Darang Districts (Assam) 5. Sunderbans *

(9630)29.3.89 Part of delta of Ganges & Brahamaputra river

system (West Bengal) 6. Gulf of Mannar *

(10500)18.2.89 Indian part of Gulf of Mannar between India and

Sri Lanka (Tamil Nadu) 7. Great Nicobar

(885) 6.1.89 Southern most islands of Andaman and Nicobar

(A&N Islands) 8. Similipal (4374) * 21.6.94 Part of Mayurbhanj district (Orissa) 9. Dibru-Saikhowa

(765) 28.7.97 Part of Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts (Assam)

10 Dehang Debang (5111.5)

02.09.98 Part of Siang and Debang valley (Arunachal Pradesh)

11 Kanchanjunga ( 2619.92 )

07.02.2000 Parts of North and West Sikkim (Sikkim)

12. Pachmarhi (4926.28)* 03.03.99 Parts of Betul, Hoshangabad and Chhindwara, district (Madhya Pradesh)

13. Agasthyamalai (3500.36)

12.11.2001 Parts of Thirunelveli and Kanya Kumari Districts in Tamil Nadu and Thiruvanthapuram, Kollam and Pathanmthitta in Kerala (TamilNadu & Kerala)

14. Achanakmar-Amarkantak ( 3835.51)

30.3.2005 Parts of Anuppur and Dindori districts of Madhya Pradesh and Parts of Bilaspur district of Chattisgarh State (Madhya Pradesh & Chattisgarh)

15. Kachchh (12,454) 29.01.2008 Parts of Kachchh, Rajkot, Surendranagar and Patan Civil Districts of Gujarat State

16. Cold Desert (7770) 28.08.09 Pin Valley National Park and surroundings; Chandratal and Sarchu & Kibber Wildlife Sancturary in Himachal Pradesh.

Table-5. List of Biosphere Reserves

* BRs have been included in the World Network of UNESCO.

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Budget Allocation for the Scheme

An amount of Rs. 11 crore wasallocated during the year and entire moneyis likely to be spent till 31st March, 2010.

Implementing organizations in most ofthe States are Forest Departments and otherline Departments of the concerned StateGovernments.

Biodiversity Conservation


Biodiversity is the variability amongliving organisms and ecological complexesof which they are part, including diversitywithin and between species and ecosystems.Biodiversity has direct consumptive value infood, agriculture, medicine and in industry.

A scheme on biodiversity conservationwas initiated earlier to ensure coordinationamong various agencies dealing with theissues related to conservation of biodiversityand to review, monitor and evolve adequatepolicy instruments for the same

Convention on Biological Diversity

– The Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD), one of the key agreements adoptedduring the Earth Summit held in Rio deJaneiro in 1992, is the first comprehensiveglobal agreement which addresses allaspects relating to biodiversity. The CBD,which has near universal membership withone hundred ninety two countries as itsPar ties, sets out commitments formaintaining the world’s ecologicalunderpinnings, while pursuing economicdevelopment. The Convention, whilereaffirming sovereign rights of nations overtheir biological resources, establishes three

main goals: the conservation of biologicaldiversity, the sustainable use of itscomponents, and the fair and equitablesharing of the benefits arising out of theuse of genetic resources. India is a Partyto the CBD.

– In pursuance of various decisions of COP-9 to the CBD held in May 2008, India hasbeen responding to various notificationsbeing received from the CBD Secretariat,interalia by making submissions, andnominating experts for various expert groupmeetings.

– India has prepared its Fourth NationalReport through a consultative process andsubmitted it to the CBD Secretariat.

– India hosted two meetings for the CBD thisyear: an Expert Meeting on TraditionalKnowledge in Hyderabad from 16-19 June2009, and an Asia Pacific RegionalWorkshop on Protected Areas in Dehradunon 12-15 October, 2009.

– Indian delegations participated actively invarious meetings held under the aegis ofCBD, including in two important negotiationmeetings for development of aninternational regime on access and benefitsharing, in Paris in April 2009 and inMontreal in November 2009. The lastnegotiation meeting is scheduled to be heldin Cartagena in March 2010.

National Biodiversity Action Plan

– The National Biodiversity Action Plan(NBAP) prepared by the Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests and releasedformally in February 2009, has been sentto all concerned Ministries/Depttsspecialized agencies, and to all units within

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the Ministry, with a request toinitiate follow-up action on theaction points listed in the NBAP,keeping in view the matrix ofimplementation in chapter-6 of thisdocument to facilitate regularmonitoring of implementation ofNBAP.

Biological Diversity Act

– In pursuance to the CBD, Indiahad enacted the BiologicalDiversity Act in 2002 following awidespread consultative processover a period of eight years. TheBiological Rules were notifiedthereafter in 2004. The Act gives effect tothe provisions of the CBD. It also addressesaccess to biological resources andassociated traditional knowledge to ensureequitable sharing of benefits arising out oftheir use to the country and its people,thereby contributing to achieving the thirdobjective of the CBD. India is one of thefirst few countries to have enacted such alegislation. The Act is to be implementedthrough a three-tiered institutional structure:National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), StateBiodiversity Boards (SBBs) and BiodiversityManagement Committees (BMCs).

– The National Biodiversity Authority(NBA)is a body corporate established inaccordance with the provisions of Section8 of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, atChennai w.e.f. 1st October, 2003

– Twenty two States have so far set up theState Biodiversity Boards. These are :Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh,Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana,Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka,

Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur,Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab,Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand,Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.

– BMCs have been set up so far in six States.Other states have been requested toexpedite setting up of SBBs, where not setup, and strengthen implementation of theAct.

– Two Authority meetings (14 and 15) wereheld on 21 July 2009 and 29 October2009 and important decisions were takenon different matters during the year.

– One hundred forty one applications foraccess to bioresources were received andare at various stages of processing duringthe period.

– Some of the important actions taken up toimplement various provisions of the Actinclude the following

– A principal notification authorizingofficers for filing complaints for

Fig-13. Green lichens – bio indicators of environmental changes

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cognizance of offences under Section61 of the Act was issued on 17.11.08.An amendment to this Notificationauthorising forest officers for this purposewas issued on 1.8.09.

– In pursuance of Section 38 of the Actrelating to notification of threatenedspecies, the Ministry has got prepareda State-wise list of threatened plants andanimals, alongwith guidelines for theirrehabilitation in consultation with theBotanical Survey of India and ZoologicalSurvey of India, and send the same toState Governments for their comments.On receipt of comments from the states,notifications were issued for HimachalPradesh on 19.3.2009, Uttarakhand,Uttar Pradesh and Kerala on 23.4.2009,and Orissa, Mizoram and Meghalayaon 5th October 2009.

– State Governments have been requestedto send their views on the areas ofbiodiversity importance, which could benotified as Biodiversity Heritage Sitesunder Section 37. The NBA is in theprocess of developing draft Rules formanagement of these sites.

– State Governments have been requestedto identify any biodiversity rich areasthreatened by overuse or neglect as perSection 36 (2), and NBA has beenrequested to prepare guidelines formanagement of these areas.

– The process for finalizing the list ofnormally traded commodities wasfinalized and the notification issued on30.10.2009 under section 40.

– The format for Peoples BiodiversityRegisters and guidelines for benefit

sharing have been finalized in theNBA

– In order to strengthen implementation ofthe Act and to build capacity of theinstitutional structures involved in itsimplementation, a project identification form(PIF) and project preparation grant wereprepared for accessing funds from GlobalEnvironment Facility (GEF) for a Full ScaleProject through United Nations EnvironmentProgramme (UNEP). The proposal has beenapproved by GEF in May 2009 with GEFcontribution of USD four million. This is thefirst national project to have been approvedby GEF on access and benefit sharing. TheNBA is now in the process of developingthe full project.

– The Ministry has also developed a projectwith United Nations DevelopmentProgramme (UNDP) for USD one millionfor strengthening the implementation of theAct. This project will be implemented intwo States, Jharkhand and MadhyaPradesh. This project was formally launchedfor Jharkhand in Ranchi on 15 September,2009, and for Madhya Pradesh in Bhopalon 15th October, 2009.

– New premises of National BiodiversityAuthority at 5th Floor, TICEL Biopark,Taramani, Chennai was inaugurated by theMinister for Environment and Forests, ShriJairam Ramesh, on 19 August 2009. Foreffective liaison with different/ministries/organizations etc.located in Delhi, the NBAhas opened its liaison office in the Campusof National Seed Corporation Bhawan,Pusa campus, New Delhi.

– A task force on Biodiversity ManagementCommittees has been constituted for

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preparation of guidelines on creatingstructure, running administration andmaintaining of accounts and other relatedmatters.

– Fourth meeting of State Biodiversity Boardswas held on 10-11 September, 2009 atKolkata to review the progress and discussthe issues in respect of functioning of SBB,establishment of BMCs, biodiversity fund,SBB rules, People’s Biodiversity Register,selection of Biodiversity Heritage sites etc

Progress / Achievements made during theyear

In pursuance of various decisions ofCOP-9 to the CBD held in May 2008, Indiahas been responding to various notificationsbeing received from the CBD Secretariat,interalia by making submissions, andnominating experts for various expert groupmeetings.

India has prepared its Fourth NationalReport through a consultative process andsubmitted it to the CBDSecretariat.

India hostedtwo meetings for theCBD this year: anExpert Meeting onTraditional Knowledgein Hyderabad from 16-19 June 2009, and anAsia Pacific RegionalWorkshop on ProtectedAreas in Dehradun on12-15 October, 2009.

The NationalBiodiversity Action Plan(NBAP) prepared by

the Ministry of Environment and Forests andreleased formally in Feb 2009, has beensent to all concerned Ministries/Depttsspecialized agencies, and to all units withinthe Ministry, with a request to initiate follow-up action on the action points listed in theNBAP, keeping in view the matrix ofimplementation in chapter-6 of this documentto facilitate regular monitoring ofimplementation of NBAP

Several steps have been taken tostrengthen the implementation of the BiologicalDiversity Act

Budget Allocation of the Scheme

An allocation of Rs.2.62 crore wasmade for the year 2009-10 against whichhas been utilized fully.

Biodiversity Scheme / GeneticEngineering Approval Committee(GEAC)

The Ministry of Environment and

Fig-14. The blue pansy butterfly (Junonia orithyia)

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Forests (MoEF), under the Environment(Protection) Act 1986, has notified the“Rules for the Manufacture, Use, Import,Expor t and Storage of HazardousMicroorganisms/Genetically EngineeredOrganisms or Cells 1989” (known as Rules,1989) to ensure that research anddevelopment and testing of LMOs prior toenvironmental release are conducted in asafe and scientific manner.

The Genetic Engineering ApprovalCommittee (GAC), the apex body under Rules1989 has the mandate to accord approvalof activities involving (i) large scale use ofGMOS in research and (ii) environmentalrelease of GMOs,

The rules also cover the application ofhazardous microorganisms which may notbe genetically modified. Hazardousmicroorganisms include those which arepathogenic to animals as well as plants. Sixmeetings of the GEAC have been held fromApril, 2009 till date.


Commercial Release of Transgenic Crops

Bt cotton is the only transgenic cropapproved for commercial cultivation inIndia. As of date the GEAC has approvedseveral Bt cotton hybrids expressing Cry 1Ac gene (MON 531 event) and stackedgenes Cry1 Ac and Cry 2Ab (MON 15985event)—BG-I I developed by by M/sMahyco, encoding fusion genes (cry1Ab+Cry Ac) ‘GFM developed by M/sNath Seeds, cry 1Ac gene (Event-1)developed by M/s J. K. Agri Genetics Ltd,Cry 1AC gene (Dharwad event) developed

by CICR and Cry 1C (event 9124)developed by M/s Metahelix Life Sciences.

During Kharif 2009, the StandingCommittee constituted by the GEAC underthe new ‘Event Based approval Mechanism’has recommended 610 Bt cotton hybrids forcommercial cultivation.

Status of approval of GM Food crops in India

Transgenic brinjal, rice, okra,cauliflower, cabbage, castor, groundnut,tomato, sorghum, potato, maize developedby both private and public sector institutionsare under various stages of research anddevelopment/biosafety testing with theapproval of the GEAC for generation ofbiosafety data.

Bt Brinjal event EE-1 has beendeveloped on a Public Private Partnershipmode under the aegis of AgricultureBiotechnology Support Project from CornellUniversity wherein the Bt technologyavailable with M/s Mahyco has beentransferred to Tamil Nadu AgricultureUniversity, Coimbatore, University ofAgricultural Sciences, Dharwad and IndianInstitute of Vegetable Research, Varanasifree of cost. As part of this collaboration,the technology has also been transferred toUniversity of Agriculture in Philippines andBangladesh.

The Bt brinjal event EE-I contains cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis tolerantto the fruit and shoot borer is the first GMfood crop under advanced stages of fieldtesting. Bt brinjal has been developed incompliance with the regulatory proceduresand biosafety guidelines.

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The GEAC in the meeting held on14.10.2009 wherein the GEAC concludedthat Bt brinjal is safe for environmental releasetaking into consideration the findings of thereview by three high level technicalCommittees namely; the RCGM and twoExpert Committees constituted by the GEACin 2006 and 2009. The GEAC decided toforward the recommendations and report ofthe Expert Committee (EC-II) on the safetyand efficacy of Bt brinjal event EE-1 to theGovernment for taking a final view.

Subsequently the Ministry decided toorganize public consultations at sevenlocations (mainly brinjal growing areas)before a final view on the matter is taken.Public consultations at Kolkata, Bhubaneswar,Ahmedabad, Nagpur, Chandigarh,Hyderabad and Bangalore have beencompleted during January-February 2010.The Ministry for Environment and Forests hasdecided to impose a moratorium on Bt brinjaluntil all concerns expressed by the public,NGOs, scientists and the State Governmentsare addressed adequately.

Streamlining of the Biosafety RegulatoryProcedure under Rules, 1989

– The Gazette Notification exempting GMprocessed food and products thereof fromthe purview of Rules, 1989 issued on15.10.2007 has been kept in abeyancetill March 2010 until the Food Safety andStandards Authority set up under the aegisof the Ministry of Health and Family welfareis made operational.

– The new event based approvalmechanism has been made operationalduring Kharif 2009. A new procedure

for commercial release of Bt cottonhybrids expressing approved events hasbeen put in place.

– Review of the existing national regulatorybiosafety framework with a view toharmonize the obligations under CartagenaProtocol on Biosafety (CPB) is in progress.

– Draft guidance document for information/data generation and documentation forsafety assessment of GE Plants duringbiosafety research level trials -I (BRL-I) andbiosafety research level trials -II (BRL-II) hasbeen prepared and is awaiting GEACapproval.

– Ex ante assessment of socio-economicbenefits of Bt brinjal has been initiated byNCAP with the financial support of MoEF.Final report is awaited.

– Biological documents for Cotton, Brinjal,Okra, Maize and Rice have beendeveloped.

Capacity Building to facilitate compliance ofBiosafety regulation

As part of the USDA CapacityBuilding project on biosafety, the secondshort term course on ‘Risk Assessment ofGM crops’ at Michigan State University’held in October, 2009 was attended byeight agriculture Scientists.

Biodiversity Scheme/ CartagenaBiosafety Protocol

Objective

The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety,the first international regulatory frameworkfor safe transfer, handling and use of livingModified Organisms (LMOs) was negotiatedunder the aegis of the Convention on

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Biological Diversity (CBD). The Protocol wasadopted on 29th January 2000. India hasacceded to the Biosafety Protocol on 17th

January 2003. The Protocol has come intoforce on 11th September 2003. As of date157 countries are Parties to the Protocol tothe Cartagena Protocol (COP-MOP) onBiosafety have been held so far.

The main objective of the Protocol isto contribute to ensuring an adequate levelof protection in the field of the safe transter,handling of LMOs resulting form modernbiotechnology that may have adverse effecton the conservation and sustainable usebiological diversity, taking into account riskto human health.

Progress/achievements made during the year

Fifth Meeting of the Conference of Partiesserving as Members of Parties (COP-MOP-5)

The fifth meeting of the Conferenceof Parties serving as Members of the Partiesto the Cartagena Protocol (COP-MOP) onBiosafety will be held at Nagoya, Japan form11-15, October, 2010. Preparatory work forfinalizing the negotiating document has beeninitiated.

The meeting will consider one of themost contentious issues pertaining to rules andprocedure for a liability and redress regimeunder Article 27 of the CPB. To continuenegotiation on the liability redress regimeduring the inter-sessional period COP-MOP-4 decided to set up a ‘Group of the Friendsof the Co-Chairs’ comprising of sixrepresentatives from Asia Pacific Group,Africa Group, Latin American counties, EU,Norway, Japan and New Zealand, Asia

Pacific is represented by India, Philippinesand Palau.

Pursuant to the above decision, thefirst meeting of the ‘Friends of the Co-Chairs’was held in February 2008 in Mexico. Thesecond meeting of the ‘Group of the Friendsof the Co-Chairs’ was held in February 2010at Kula Lumpur.

The meeting was successful instreamlining the operational texts pertainingto the section on legally bindingSupplementary Protocol on Liability andRedress in the context of Cartagena Protocolon Biosafety on an administrative approach.The section on legally binding civil liabilityclause and the non- legally bindingguidelines for civil liability regime is yet tobe finalized.

Capacity Building

The Ministry has taken a lead in thepreparation of he first ‘Full Scale Project’ (FSP)document for capacity building on biosafetyunder the GEF program. FSP document hasbeen submitted for GEF approval inSeptember 2009. The project is expected tocommence by May 2010.

The India delegation participated inthe ‘Regional Biosafety Workshop’ at Bangkokorganized by FAO from 30 November-4December 2009.

The India delegation participated inthe Sixth Coordination Meeting forGovernment and Organizations Implementingor funding Biosafety Capacity BuildingActivities and Seventh Meeting of the LiaisonGroup on Capacity Building for Biosafety washeld from 1-5 Feb, 2010 in Siem Reap,Cambodia.

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GOI-UNDP CCF-II project “BiodiversityConservation through Community basedNatural Resource Management”

The rural populations are primarystakeholders in biodiversity conservation andsustainable use. This approach attempts toaddress the problems of poverty and naturalresources degradation. Therefore, integrationof conservation and developmental activitiesaddressing livelihood security of thecommunities assumes importance.Revitalization of traditional institutions ofdecentralized decision-making is necessaryto ensure sustainability in conservation andlivelihood approaches.

The project aims to focus on componentlike conservation of species and habitatsthrough responsible community-basedmanagement; Ecological restoration includingspecies recovery programmes; gender, equity,tenure and resource rights over common poolresources; Revitalization of indigenousknowledge, equitable customary laws andpractices and ethical values recognizing socio-economic and gender differences; Nurturingexisting as well as new self-governingcommunity institutions following principles ofparticipatory decision-making, gender andsocial equity.

The project is being implemented infour states namely, Arunachal Pradesh,Chattisgarh, Jharkhand and Orissa.

These four states are primarily tribaldominated and therefore forest dependentlivelihoods will be largely benefited frominterventions that are proposed under theproject. Arunachal Pradesh has over eightypersent of the land area under forests, while

Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Orissa havelarge stretches of forest that are controlledand managed by the communities. In thesestates, development of alternative sources ofincome assumes importance as thecommunities depends mainly on the naturalresources for their livelihoods.

The MoEF is the implementing agencyof the project. At National level, a NationalSteering Committee (NSC) and anEmpowered Project Steering Committee(EPSC) have been constituted for overallcoordination and implementation of theproject. A National Project Director (NPD),has been designated and a ProjectManagement Unit (PMU), has beenestablished at MOEF for administrativesupport to the Project. The NSC lay down theguidelines for the project implementation andalso reviews the progress periodically. TheEPSC approves the Annual work plan andexpenditure as per approved budget and alsoprovides the feedback for review the progressby NSC.

Progress during the year

The details of state-wise physicalprogress made during the period are asfollows:

Arunachal Pradesh

– Twenty two Village BiodiversityConservation Councils (VBCCs) formed andorientation meeting were organized in bothproject sites i.e. Tawang-west kameng andApatani Plateau.

– One hundred beneficiaries identified forLPG set distribution in consultation withVBCC, Deputy Commissioner and otherstate govt. officials.

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– Forty farmers of Apatani plateau were givendemonstration and hands on training onseventeen low-cost rural technologies.

– Sixty piglets were distributed to villagers inApatani site.

– Three High Altitude Nursery developed forMedicinal & horticulture Plants and saplingsof Taxus wallichiana distributed to VBCCmembers at Apatani site.

Orissa

– Construction of Community hall andbalwadi centre, one hundred thirty toiletscompleted in Berhampur site.

– Human Health camps and PoultryVaccination camps organized in all projectsites.

– Plantation of 36,000 saplings in Berhampurand 50,000 saplings in Sambhalpur sitescompleted .

– Renovation of four No of ponds completedand fingerlings of three local varieties offish introduced. In addition to above,pisciculture has also started in four otherexisting ponds in Khurda site.

– One Pump set (five HP) provided to farmersfor lift irrigation and Tailoring enterpriseestablished at Khurda site.

– 1.2 lakhs of fingerlings of two local varatiesof fish introduced; four country boats andfive small boats and two thrashed shedsconstructed at Berhampur site.

– Agriculture implements, HYV seeds, fertilizerinsecticide and pump set provided tofarmers at Sambhalpur site.

– R ice -pu f f machine ins ta l led inBerhampur and construction of storage

godown and drying yard completed atSambhalpur.

– Vocational training on poultry management,incense stick making, tailoring imparted tolocal communities in all three sites andexposure visits conducted for members ofvillage conservation committees.

Chattisgarh

– In-situ conservation of Biodiversitycompleted in 3000 hectare area in all threesites.

– Resource survey, ethno-botanical survey anddocumentation of flora of herbal healthvalue and ITK completed in all three sites.

– Three workshops on Sustainable use ofNatural Resource organized and sixteenwater holes for wildlife constructed.

– Herbal health care centre established atJagdalpur site.

– Lac based micro–enterprises established inall three sites.

– Mahul leaf molding unit; Imli, Giloy, Stawarand other NTFPs processing unitsestablished.

Jharkhand

– Four ha of sacred groove developed,Added Natural Regeneration (ANR)completed in seventeen hactare communityforest, ten hectare of village forest at Khuntisite.

– Cultivation of Medicinal Plants completedin five Acre at Palamau & 4.5 acre atDeodhar site.

– Plantation of Fuel-wood & Fodder sppcompleted in about fifty hactare in Deodhar,

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15 acre in Palamau, twenty acre in Bokarosite.

– Two Water percolation tank, six rock-filleddam and three farm pond each constructedin Palamau site.

– Construction of Chuan (three No) completedat Khunti site; construction of twenty No.of small water conservation structures, threelift irrigation system and 2500 ft long trenchcompleted at Palajore site.

– Two vermi-compost unit at Deodhar site andninteen stall feeding-cum common shedsfor goatry constructed at Palajore site.

– Seed money distributed to twenty SHGs atPalamau site, thirty seven families at Khuntisite for NTFP purchase, rope making , goatry,poultry, piggery and vegetable cultivation.

– One hundred farmers were trained on SRItechnique of paddy & applied in seventyacre at Deodhar site.

– People Biodiversity Register (PBR)preparation work is under process at allsites in Jharkhand.

Budget Allocation

A total sum of approx Rs. 13.50 crores(US$ 3 Million) is available under the project.A grant of Rs.611 lakhs have been releasedtill 31st December, 2009 to four identifiedimplementing agencies as given in Table-6.

All India Coordinated Project onCapacity Building in Taxonomy(AICOPTAX)

Taxonomy is the science which helpsin exploration, identification and description

State Coordinating Agency Amount sanctioned for three years duration of the project

Amountreleased till 31st Dec, 2009

Arunachal Pradesh

G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development, N-E Unit, Itanagar

252.89 133.85

Jharkhand Institute of Forest Productivity, Ranchi

250.00 157.67

Orissa Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneshwar

250.00 142.10

Chattisgarh State Minor Forest Produce (T & D) Coop. Federation, Raipur

250.00 171.38

Table-6. Budget allocation under the project

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of living organisms. However, the scope oftaxonomy does not end with this. A soundtaxonomic base is a pre-requisite forenvironmental assessment, ecologicalresearch, effective conservation, managementand sustainable use of biological resources.

So far around 90,000 species ofanimals and 47,000 species of plants havebeen identified and described but a largenumber of animals and plants are yet to beexplored, identified and described.

As a signatory to the Convention onBiological Diversity (CBD) held in Rio deJaneiro in 1992, India has committed itselfto capacity building in taxonomy and takenup exploration and preparation of aninventory of living organisms. The Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests (MoEF) has set upan All India Coordinated Project on Taxonomy.The Project has organized specialist groupsdrawn from Universities, Botanical andZoological Surveys of India to take uptaxonomic work on animal viruses, bacteriaand archaea, algae, fungi, lichens,bryophytes, pteriodophytes, gymnosperms,palms, grasses, bamboos, orchids, helminthesand nematodes, Microlepidoptera andMollusca. Training in plant and animalbiosystematics has also been recognized asan important component. The Scheme hasbeen continued during 2009-10 and financialassistance has been provided to thirteenthematic areas for undertaking taxonomicresearch work.

Several new records of wild flora andfauna have been made. Several new specieshave also been discovered. These are beingdocumented and verified with voucherspecimens for authenticity before publication

during the XI Plan Period. Discovery of speciesnew to science will be the major impact ofthe AICOPTAX Scheme. The significantachievements of the entire AICOPTAX Schemesince its inception till 2007 are being broughtout in a book form with the help of BSI &ZSI.

Taxonomy is a dying science. Theexpertise available in the country is eitheraging or retiring. Efforts are being made toensure that Taxonomy is revived andresurrected during the XI Plan. The SteeringCommittee for the AICOPTAX Scheme hasbeen reconstituted on 3.7.2008 along withthe formation of a Project Monitoring Unit(PMU). A meeting of the Steering Committeewas held on 13th February, 2009 duringwhich the entire scheme was reviewed andfollowing five new thematic areas have beenproposed:

– Crustacea

– Coleoptera

– Hymenoptera

– Arachnidae

– Floristic and Faunistic Surveys of NorthEastern Region of the Country

Three projects have been conceivedunder the thematic area Crustacea; sixprojects under Coleoptera; six projects underHymenoptera; four projects underArachnidae; fourteen projects under FloristicSurveys of North Eastern Region and oneproject under Faunistic Survey in the NorthEast Region of the country. These are beingprocessed in consultation with IntegratedFinance Division of the Ministry for sanction& release of funds during the current financialyear.

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During the meeting on 13.02.2009,the Steering Committee also emphasized thefollowing:

– The Steering Committee recalled that thecoordination unit on Microlepidoptera atPunjabi University, Patiala has beendiscontinued. Accordingly, it recommendedthat the thematic area on Microlepidopterashould be strengthened urgently by givinga project to ZSI, Solan. The decision of theSteering Committee is being processedduring the current financial year.

– The Steering Committee deliberated onneed for establishment at least onerepository each of algal and fungalcollections in the country. At present, thereare no designated centres for these groups.The Committee strongly recommended thatthe macro algal and fungal collections haveto be in the form of herbarium or liquidcollections, while micro algal and fungalcollections as culture collections and in theform of slides (stained) and photographed.An elaborate infrastructural facility withrequired manpower is essential for runningthe national culture collections. It wasrecommended that an Algal CulturalCollection Centre be established at CASin Botany, University of Madras, Chennaiwhile fungal collection centre be establishedat the Agharkar Research Institute, Pune.These centres need to be designated asNational Centres by National BiodiversityAuthority (NBA). The Committee alsorecommended that both the NationalCentres be implemented from 2009-10 andsupported for at least a period of five years.Accordingly, the Centres are beingoperationalized during the current financialyear.

Assistance to Botanic Gardens

The scheme on Assistance to BotanicGardens, Botanic sections in popular gardensand Centers of Ex-Situ Conservation wasinitiated in 1992 to augment facilities for ex-situ conservation of rare, endangered,threatened and endemic plants. One timefinancial assistance is provided to identifiedBotanic Gardens and Centres of Ex-situConservation for improvement of theirinfrastructural facilities to facilitate ex-situconservation of rare endangered, threatenedendemic plants.

Under the scheme, two hundred sixtyeight projects have been supported so far tovarious organization maintaining botanicgardens and Centres of ex-situ conservation.This is gradually helping in facilitating ex-situconservation of rare endemic plants. Adetailed guideline has been issued forguidance of proponents.

The Expert Group constituted byMinistr y identi f ies and recommendproposals received for financial assistanceunder the scheme and also monitors andreviews progress of the sanctioned projects.During the year, ten projects have beensanctioned which includes three Leadgardens. A list of organizations which havebeen sanctioned grant is given in Annexure.Based on the criteria prescribed in theguidelines, ‘Lead Gardens’ are beingdeveloped in different phyto-geographiczones of the country to provide necessaryexper tise for smaller gardens. Thesegardens shall be equipped with modernfacilities to enable them to perform theirresponsibilities.

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Botanic Garden of India Republic(BGIR), NOIDA

Introduction

The Botanic Garden of India Republic(BGIR) was set up in April 2002 as part ofthe Botanical Survey of India after theExpenditure Finance Committee, MoEF,approval in the same year. The scheme wasidentified as a “Green Channel” project underthe National Jai Vigyan Science & TechnologyMission of the Ministry of Science &Technology and approved by the PlanningCommission. The botanic garden was inter-alia established with the following goals: exsitu conservation and propagation of rareand indigenous plants, to serve as a ‘centreof excellence’ for research and training, andto build public awareness throughenvironmental education. The project outlaywas for Rs.3775.85 lakhs.

BGIR Programme Activities

The BGIR is presently carrying out thebasic scientific/technical work to facilitateproject execution in context of research/fieldoperations. The following work has been doneduring the year.

– Woodland/Arboretum DevelopmentProgramme

The programe continued with about onethousand forty saplings belonging to seventynine species being introduced in the varioussections of the garden. Saplings of aboutforty four indigenous plant species,including Acrocarpus fraxinifolius,adenanthera pavoniana, Pterocarpusmarsupim, Madhuca longifolia, etc., wereintroduced in the woodlands section.Similarly, about twenty six species were

introduced into the Economic PlantsArboretum. These include some importanttree species such as Pterocarpus santalinus,Sapindus mukorossi, Diploknemabutyracea, Commiphora caudate, etc. Inthe Arboretum of fruit yielding trees aboutfifteen species were introduced this year.

– Conservation programme

Conservtion studies including multiplicationof some of the endangered species suchas Cycas beddomei, Frerea indica,Hildgardia populnifolia, etc. continued.

– A small Ginger Garden was developedthis year. The gingers species havepotential economic and medicinal value.As part of the ex situ conservationprogramme BGIR now has seventy nineholdings of gingiber germplasm materialmeant for introduction in this garden.These include some rare ones such asAmomum cannicarpum, A. ghaticum, A.muricatum, Curcuma haritha, C.mutabilis, C. vamana, etc.

– Specialist collections of bamboos andcarallumas have also been initiated thisyear.

– Avenue plantation along some portionsof the newly constructed circular WBMroad was done. The avenue trees includeSamanea saman,Pterospermumxylocarpum, Terminalia arjuna, T.cattapa, Parkia biglandulosa, etc.

– Conservation Research/TrainingProgrammes

Laboratory studies including germinationtrials for some selected plant species werecarried out as part of routineexperimentation. Germination trials

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showing fifty percent success rare yieldedone thousand three hundred eighty eightseedlings to 16 species. The seedlingsraised are hardned/stocked in thenethouses and later introduced into thevarious sections of the garden.

– The herbarium development workcontinued with maintenance of theherbarium specimens collected as partof the Digital Flora of NCT Project.

– The Database Development Programmeactivity has resulted in the electronicversion of the Flora of India volumespublished by the Botanical Survey ofIndia. Plans are afoot to make the CDsavailable for wider dissemination ofscientific output of BSI. The IntroducedPlants Database, Threatened PlantsDatabase, etc. are under development.These databases are expected tosupplement the in-house conservationresearch as well as education andextension programmes of BGIR.

– BGIR has also initiated an extensiontraining programme for undergraduate/B.Tech. students, working on voluntarybasis on the Seed Bank Laboratory fortheir dissertation. Visitors from nearbyuniversities and research institutes arealso exposed to the various gardensections through guided trips. Somepublic/advisory services were alsorendered for colleges/institutions in Delhi.

– Medicinal Plants Conservation Programme

Development of the Medicinal PlantsSection, Ayur Vatica, continued withaugmentation of more than one hundredfifty seedlings belonging to eleven medicinal

plants, including Eleutherine palmifolia,Curculigo orchioides, Abroma augusta, etc.The Medicinal Plants Section at BGIR isplanned as repository of medicinal plantsof the Indo-gangetic region. The formalsection is divided into eight sectors eachcontaining twelve species laid outthematically according to their therapeuticuse in treatment of various ailmentsgenerally in the Ayurvedic system ofmedicine. The section has become the mainattraction of visitors of the garden.

Infrastructure development

Some enabling activities such asdevelopment of a circular access road andirrigation pipeline were taken up; thesefacilities are expected to become fullyoperational soon. Other civil work items suchas entrance gte with security hut and natureshop are in the pipeline. It may be mentionedthat BGIR now has a Metro connectivity whichmakes BGIR the only known botanic gardenwith a Metro station within the gardencampus. This is expected to substantiallyincrease the number of visitors to the garden.

UNDP-GOI-GEF-II-Programme on PromotingConservation of Medicinal Plants andTraditional Knowledge for Enhancing Healthand Livelihood Security and Mainstreaming,Conservation and Sustainable use ofMedicinal Plant Biodiversity

The ever increasing demand ofMedicinal & Aromatic Plants (MAPs) ashealers and health rejuvenators for thetraditional or the so called alternativemedicinal practices such as Ayurveda,Siddha, Unani, traditional Chinese andTibetan medicines has led to an indiscriminate

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extraction and unregulated trade of these fromits natural habitat i.e. the Forests. This hasresulted into a degradation of this resourceaffecting the major livelihood of a majorityof the village population, thereby having asignificant impact on the socio-economic aswell as the environmental well-being of thecountry.

Realising the threat to the MedicinalPlant Bio-diversity, a need was felt to conserve,protect, cultivate, propagate, improveharvesting and collection practices ofmedicinal plants of the country. Besides this,a long-term strategy at the global, nationaland local levels for conservation of medicinalplant resources and using their rich associatedtraditional knowledge, for social, cultural and

economic benefits was also felt necessary.With this objective, the Ministry of Environmentand Forests and UNDP have taken up twoprojects namely GOI-UNDP-CCF-II PromotingConservation of Medicinal Plant andTraditional Knowledge for Enhancing Healthand Livelihood Security and GOI-GEF-UNDPProject on Mainstreaming Conservation andSustainable Use of Medicinal Plant Biodiversityin three Indian States.

UNDP-GOI-CCF-II Programme on PromotingConservation of Medicinal Plant andTraditional Knowledge for Enhancing Healthand Livelihood Security Project

UNDP-GOI-CCF-II Programme onPromoting Conservation of Medicinal Plantand Traditional Knowledge for EnhancingHealth and Livelihood Security Project has anoutlay of US$30,00,000 (Three Million US$)(Rs 12.90 Crores) and was initiated in May2006. The project is being undertaken innine States viz. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and WestBengal US$2.97 Million has been releasedso far.

The main objective of the project issupporting conservation of medicinal plantsand traditional knowledge for enhancinghealth and livelihood security. The key thrustof the project is to promote conservation ofmedicinal plants and related traditionalknowledge with local people and mainstreamingthese into the existing policies and programmesof the forestry and health sector.

The Foundation for Revitalization ofLocal Health Tradition (FRLHT), Bengaluru isthe designated National Focal Point for the

Fig-15. Phlomis bracteosa, leaves and flowers areused as medicines

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programme. The program is beingimplemented through State Forest Departmentsand the Conservator of the Forest is the StateFocal Point. The project is overseen by aProject Monitoring Board (PMB) and isimplemented by an Empowered ProjectStanding Committee (EPSC). During the yeartwo meetings of EPSC were held. The projectis now about to be completed by 31st March2010. Some of the activities carried out underthe project are as follows-

– Conservation, Assessment, ManagementPrioritization (CAMP) workshops have beenorganized in Orissa, Rajasthan, WestBengal, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and CAMPReports have been published for Orissaand West Bengal.

– A list of three hundred sixteen plants hasbeen prepared for Assessment and out ofwhich one hundred twenty six have beenindentified as heavily traded on endemicor phyllogenetically distinct. Degrees ofthreat has been assigned to these spicesas per the IUCN criteria and categoriesthrough Conservation Assessment andManagement Prioritization Workshops(CAMP) organized in various states.Accordingly fourteen species are assignedas critically endangered forty three speciesas endangered and fifty nine species asvulnerable.

– Thirty five Medicinal Plants ConservationAreas (MPCAs) were identified in four statesto conserve the endangered medicinalplants. Out of these, thirty two MPCAs haveestablished however twenty are supportedunder the Project and the remaining arethe offshoot of the study to be undertaken

by the States. Sites have been preparedfor Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan.Management plans have been preparedfor all the thirty two MPCAs.

– Prepared trade regulation report forprioritized species of Tamil Nadu.

– Infrastructure for five State Level MedicinalPlant Seed Centres have been developedand Nurseries to raised 67 prioritizedspecies have been establishment inKarnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, AndhraPradesh.

– One lakh seedlings of Decalepis hamiltonii– a critically endangered and highly tradedmedicinal plant from Karnataka have beendistributed for propogation.

– Farmers meeting cum workshop wasorganized at Dharwad, Karnataka todiscuss on planting material, propagationtechniques and planting of medicinal plants.

– Twenty three species were identified forsustainable harvest out of which seventeenspecies (6 in Karnataka, six in MadhyaPradesh and five in Tamil Nadu) wereprioritized for development andimplementation of the Protocol forsustainable harvesting under CCF-II project.The protocols for another six species thatare included in the demand supply studywere implemented through another projectfunded by Forest Research Project (FRP)under Department for InternationalDevelopment (DFID) and this complimentsthe CCF II project objectives.

– A draft manual on nursery and propagationtechniques of prioritized species has beenprepared.

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– Collection and marketing of prioritizedspecies completed (2nd harvest season) forsustainably harvested species.

– Data collected from eight Bio-geographiczones in India to assess contribution ofmedicinal plants and traditional knowledgeto health and livelihood security of ruralpeople. Data entry and Data analysis areunder progress. A report has been preparedon Protection of IPR related to TraditionalHealth Care Knowledge and Resources inIndia.

– Five hundred Community KnowledgeRegisters (CKRs) have been prepared forthe States of Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal,Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Orissa.Village level CKRs have been prepared inlocal language, documenting the resources,practioners and use pattern.

– 50,415 Home Herbal Gardens (HHGs) inthe States of Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal,Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Orissa havebeen established to cater to the traditionalknowledge and primary health care.

– An Assessment of Livelihood through nurseryrelated enterprises was carried out in OrissaState. The study reveals reduction in monthlyexpenditure on health from Rs.730-1025to Rs.30 – Rs.50 per three months.

– Twenty Primary Health Care Centres (PHCs)and five Government AyurvedicDispensaries have been equipped fordelivering health care through TraditionalKnowledge documentation in the State ofKarnataka.

– A series of interactice workshops wereorganized with schools. Modules have beenprepared in the form of interactive CD for

introducing Traditional Knowledgecurriculum in school and medical education.Testing of CDs has been carried out in sevenschools.

– Training programmes on legal frameworksand preparation of business plans toestablish community owned enterprises forForest Development Agencies (FDA) wereorganized. Twenty nine potential FDAs fromnine project states were nominated by therespective State Forest Departments.

– Digitized database (in CD) on medicinalplants of Orissa and Rajasthan werereleased.

– Home Doctors websites in six languageslike Kannada, Malayalam, Hindi, Marathi,Bengali and English is complete and hasbeen hosted for public viewing.

– Twenty three capacity building programmeshave been organized for six hundred thirtyparticipants from nine implementing stateson different project components.

– Two visits under the South-SouthCooperation component were organizedduring 23rd-31st July, 2008 and 25th-30th

October, 2009 to Kenya and South Africarespectively. The visiting teams identifiedareas of mutual cooperation forconservation and sustainable use ofmedicinal plants.

UNDP-GOI-GEF Project on MainstreamingConservation and Sustainable use ofMedicinal Plant Bio Diversity in three IndianStates

Encouraged with the success of thisphase, the Ministry with the support of UNDPand Global Environment Facility (GEF) haslaunched another project namely GOI-GEF-

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UNDP Project on‘Mainstreaming Conservationand Sustainable Use ofMedicinal Plant Biodiversity inthree Indian States’ in theStates of Chhattisgarh inCentral India, ArunachalPradesh in North-East Indiaand Uttarakhand in North-westIndia. These States provide abroad range of ecologicalconditions, and hencemedicinal plant diversity aswell as range of Institutionalarrangements relating to forestmanagement. The total out layof the project is US $11,414,121 with 4.93 million$ of GEF and 6.4 Million $ of Governmentcontribution which makes it Rs. 57.07 Croresas the total cost of the project. The projectis for seven years.

The Project is an extension of the CCFII project with main thrust of mainstreamingthe long-term conservation, sustainable andequitable use of medicinal plant diversity andassociated traditional knowledge with localpeople into forest management policy andpractices at the National, State and Locallevels.

The project was launched through anInception Workshop on 9th September 2008in the Ministry. The project was launched inthe State of Uttarakhand through aBrainstorming Session held at Dehradun on27th September 2008. The State ofChhattisgarh and Arunachal Pradesh havealso launched the project in their States on17th January 2009 and 27th February 2009respectively. The Joint Secretary, CS-III Division

Fig-16. Rhododendron arboretum, a highly ornamental species, usedin treatment of headaches

has been designated as the National ProjectDirector (NPD) for the Project. The projectshall be implemented in the States by StateForests Departments through State MedicinalPlant Boards (SMPBs). The Project shall beoverseen by the National and State LevelSteering Committees which have already beenconstituted. The States have also establishmentProject Management Units (PMUs) in theirStates. FRLHT, Bengaluru has been designatedas the National Project Management Unit(NPMU). Requisite MOU has been signedbetween Government and FRLHT and somestaff for the PMU has been recruited. Someof the activities carried out under the projectare as follows:

– PMUs have been set up in all the states andstaff has been recruited.

– Activities for establishment of MedicinalPlants Conservation Areas (MPCAs) havebeen initiated. Seven MPCAs in each ofthe three implementing states are

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demarcated in as per the standardmodels. Base line Data collection hasbeen initiated.

– Policy Review meetings were organizedin all the three states by the nodalagencies for carrying out the activities ofOutcome 2.

– National Level meeting was organizedto work out the modalities for carryingout the studies for Outcome 1. Sub-groupshave been constituted on each of theseven Outputs to work out the Terms ofReferences.

– Orientation workshop has been organizedto discuss and orient the implementingpartners towards a common knowledge andunderstanding and to prepare future actionplan.

– One, reorientation training was given tothe Project Staff of Arunachal Pradesh byFRLHT imparting knowledge as a part ofcapacity building of State Medicinal PlantBoard.

Forest ConservationObjective

The mandate of the ForestConservation Division is to implement theForest (Conservation) Act, 1980, which wasenacted on 25th October, 1980. This Actdeals with grant of forestry clearances fordiversion of forest lands for non-forestrypurposes in respect of development projectslike power, roads, railways, irrigation,mining, schools, defence, drinking water,resettlement & rehabilitation of people etc.This Act is regulatory is nature, notprohibitory.

Procedure for obtaining prior approval fordiversion of forest land (forest clearance)

The State/UT Government before diverting /de-reserving forest land for non-forest purposesrequires prior approval of Central Governmentunder section-2 of the Forest (Conservation)Act 1980.

1. The statute for forest diversion requires thediversion in two stages. In Stage-I (i.e. ‘in-principle approval’), the proposal is eitheragreed to or rejected. If agreed to, certainconditions largely relating to depositingthe opportunity cost of forest land such asNet Present Value (NPV), CompensatoryAfforestation (CA) and other expensestowards mitigating the environmentaldamages (Catchment Area Treatment,Wildlife preservation, Bio-diversityconservation and rehabilitation ofdisplaced persons, if any) have to befulfilled by the project authorities. Oncethis is done, Stage-II clearance is accordedby the Government. Following this theproject authorities are handed over theforest land for use.

2. The process of forest clearance may besummarized as below:

(i) The proposal is submitted by theconcerned State / Union TerritoryGovernment seeking prior approvalof the Central Government (Ministryof Environment and Forests).

(ii) Proposals involving more than 40 haof forest land are sent to the Ministryof Environment and Forests at NewDelhi.

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(iii) Proposals involving forest land up to40 ha are sent to the concernedRegional Offices of the Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests. These officesare situated at Shillong, Lucknow,Chandigarh, Bhopal, Bhubaneswarand Bangalore.

(iv) In the Ministry of Environment andForests at New Delhi, the proposal isexamined by the Forest AdvisoryCommittee (FAC) constituted underSection-3 of the Forest (Conservation)Act, 1980. The decision is taken bythe Competent Authority (MEF) on thebasis of the recommendations of theForest Advisory Committee. Onreceipt of the compliance report fromthe State Government, these arescrutinized by the concerned AIG andthereafter, with the approval of theIGF, final approval to the proposal isconveyed to the State Government.

(v) In the Regional Offices of the Ministry,the proposals are examined by theState Advisory Group (SAG)pertaining to the concerned State /Union Territory. The recommendationsof the SAG are processed in theregional office and note is preparedto obtain the approval of MEF throughthe Additional DGF, MoEF. Once theapproval of the MEF is available onthe file, formal order is issued by theconcerned Regional Office of theMinistry.

(vi) The Regional Chief Conservator ofForests, who heads the RegionalOffice, has been empowered to takedecision for the proposals involving

forest land up to 5.00 (five) ha exceptthe proposals related to mining andregularization of encroachment.

(vii) All proposals for regularization ofencroachment are dealt with in theMinistry of Environment and Forestsat New Delhi irrespective of the areainvolved.

3. According to the Forest (Conservation)Rules, 2003 which are currently in force,the time lines prescribed for differentlevels are as follows –

(i) After receipt of renewal proposals, inthe prescribed format and completein all respects, from the User Agency,60 (sixty) days for State / UnionTerritory Government.

(ii) After receipt of fresh proposals, inthe prescribed format and completein all respects, from the User Agency,90 (ninety) days for State / UnionTerritory Government.

(iii) After receipt of the proposalsrecommended for approval from theState / Union Territory Government,60 (sixty) days for the CentralGovernment to take a decision.

4. The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India videits various orders as given below, directedthe Central Govt. to follow certainprocedure for according forest clearance:

(i) Vide its order dated 13-11-2000 inW.P.(Civil) No. 337 of 1995, theSupreme Court of India have bannedde-reservation of forests/ Sanctuaries/National Parks except with theapproval of the Supreme Court.

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(ii) The Ministry of Environment andForests moved the Supreme Court ofIndia for deletion of the word “forests”form the above order dated 13-11-2000 in WP(C) No. 337 of 1995through an Interlocutory ApplicationNo. 16. However, the Supreme Courtof India on 09-02-2004 disallowedthe request of the Ministry stating that“We see no ground to allow theapplication and delete the word“forests” from the order dated 13th

November. The application isaccordingly dismissed.”

(iii) The Hon’ble Supreme Court of Indiavide its order dated 23-11-2001 inI.A. No.703 in W.P.(Civil) No. 202of 1995, the Supreme Court of Indiahave restrained the Union of Indiafrom permitting regularisation of anyencroachments whatsoever withouttheir approval.

5. At present, the proposals involving forestland up to 40 ha are being processedand accorded forest clearance as perexisting provisions of Forest (Conservation)Act, 1980 without being placed beforethe FAC.

6. It has been noted that the proposals upto 40 ha of forest lands get sanction byand large within the stipulated time periodas mentioned in para-3 above.

7. There is also a general power given to theState Governments for according approvalup to 1.00 ha of forest land for non-forestpurposes for social sector developmentalprojects executed by the Governmentagencies. These are also covered underthe Scheduled Tribe and other traditional

forest Dwellers (Recognition of forest Rights)Act, 2006.

8. In addition to the above, there is generalapproval under Section – 2 of Forest(Conservation) Act 1980 for diversion offorest land for underground laying ofoptical fiber cables, underground layingof telephone lines and underground layingof drinking water supply pipelines.

Existing system for clearances in ProtectedAreas

Directions of Hon’ble Supreme Courtin Writ petition (Civil) No. 337/1995 dated13th November 2000 and 9th May 2002:

Order of Hon’ble Supreme Court dated13.11.2000 directs “No dereservation /denotification of National Parks/WildlifeSanctuaries shall be effected”.

Order of Hon’ble Supreme Court dated9.5.2002 directs that ”All cases pertainingto Section 29 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972 shall be referred to the StandingCommittee of NBWL”.

Provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972

Section 29 of the Wildlife (Protection)Act, 1972 provides that ‘ no person shalldestroy, exploit or remove any wild lifeincluding forest produce from a sanctuary ordestroy or damage or divert the habitat ofany wild animal by any act whatsoever ordivert, stop or enhance the flow of water intoor outside the sanctuary, except under andin accordance with a permit granted by theChief Wildlife Warden, and no such permitshall be granted unless the State Governmentbeing satisfied in consultation with the Boardthat such removal of Wildlife from the

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sanctuary or the change in the flow of waterinto or outside the sanctuary is necessaryfor the improvement and better managementof wildlife therein, authorizes the issue ofsuch permit.

Section 35(6) of the Wildlife(Protection) Act, 1972 provides that ‘ noperson shall destroy, exploit or remove anywild life including forest produce from aNational Park or destroy or damage or divertthe habitat of any wild animal by any actwhatsoever or divert, stop or enhance theflow of water into or outside the NationalPark, except under and in accordance witha permit granted by the Chief WildlifeWarden, and no such permit shall be grantedunless the State Government being satisfiedin consultation with the National Board thatsuch removal of Wildlife from the NationalPark or the change in the flow of water intoor outside the National Park is necessary forthe improvement and better management ofwildlife therein, authorizes the issue of suchpermit.

Section 26A (2) of the Wildlife(Protection) Act, 1972 provides that ‘Noalteration of the boundaries of Sanctuary shallbe made by the State Government except ona recommendation of the National Board.

Section 35(5) of the Wildlife(Protection) Act, 1972 provides that ‘Noalteration of the boundaries of National Boardshall be made by the State Government excepton a recommendation of the National Board.

Procedure being followed for grant ofclearance

The User Agency/Project Proponent isrequired to submit the proposals in the

prescribed proforma that has been developedby the Ministry of Environment & Forests andis available in the website of the Ministry(http://envfor.nic.in).

The prescribed proforma has five partsand each part to be filled in by the UserAgency; concerned Divisional Forest Officer/Park Manager; Concerned Chief Conservatorof Forest; Concerned Chief Wildlife Wardenand the Concerned Forest Secretary.

The proforma also seeks informationon the detailed biodiversity aspects of thearea in question; maps of the area, otheractivities already in place; possible impactsof the proposal, etc.

The User agency is required to submitthe duly filled in Part-I of the proforma andsubmit it to the concerned Forest Officer, whoin turn, forwards through the ChiefConservator of Forest to the Chief WildlifeWarden.

The Chief Wildlife Warden, aftergiving his specific comments on the proposalforwards the proposal to the Government ofIndia, through the concerned Forest Secretaryafter the recommendation of the State Boardfor Wildlife

The proposal so received from the StateGovernment is placed before the StandingCommittee of NBWL (Chaired by the Hon’bleMinister for E&F and the Addl. DGF (WL)being the Member-Secretary and having 10members including Non Governmentmembers).

The meetings of the StandingCommittee are convened once in 2-3 monthstime period. During the meetings, discussionson each proposal takes place wherein the

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concerned Chief Wildlife Warden andrepresentatives of User Agency are alsoinvited.

In cases where the area proposed fordiversion is large and/or the impact of theproject on wildlife is grave, site inspectionsare conducted by the members of theCommittee. The site inspection reports aregenerally considered in the next ensuingmeeting of the Standing Committee.

In other cases, where the diversion ofland is small and/or the impact of the projecton the wildlife is not so visible, the StandingCommittee takes a view during the meetings as and when the proposals are considered.

After the recommendations of theStanding Committee of NBWL, the UserAgency/State Government have to approachHon’ble Supreme Court for final clearance in view of their orders dated 13.11.2000 .

It may be mentioned here that theMinistry of Environment & Forests has alsofiled an Interlocutory Application before theHon’ble Supreme Court seeking a relaxationof the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court dated13.11.2000.

Initiatives by the MoEF

With a view to expedite the priorapproval under the Forest (Conservation) Act,1980, and also clearance under the Wildlife(Protection) Act, 1972, following initiativeshave been taken by the MoEF:

A. For Border roads along the Indo-ChinaBorder/Projects of National Securityimportance

– Reduced the processing time from 90 daysto 30 days at the State Government level

and from 60 days to 30 days at the CentralGovernment level.

– The Regional; Offices of the Ministry weredirected to assist/ help the officials of theBorder Roads in formulating the proposalsas and when theses officers approachthem.

– The Chief Secretaries of all the States/UTsincluding these 5 States have beenrequested to direct the concerned officershandling the proposals including the NodalOfficer (FCA) to expedite processing ofproposals.

– The State Governments have beenrequested to strengthen the institution ofthe Nodal Officer (FCA) so that onlycomplete proposals in all respect areforwarded by them to the CentralGovernment. And thus, these do not attractfurther clarifications from the StateGovernment.

– The concerned State/UT Governmentshave been requested to advice theDivisional Commissioners for coordinatingsuch proposals at the State Governmentlevel so that delays are curtailed.

– The workshops/seminars have beenorganised at Shillong and Dehradun toshare information on project/proposalformulation to the officers of BRO / BRTFetc.

B. Investigative Survey / Prospecting

Prospecting of any Mineral, done underprospecting license granted under MMRDAct, which requires collection / removalof samples from the forest land, would bea stage between survey & investigationand grant of mining lease and as such

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permission under Forest (Conservation)Act, 1980 would be required. However,in case of metallic ores - test drilling upto 20-25 boreholes of maximum 4" diaper10 sq km and in case of coal andlignite (non-metallic Ores) – (a) test drillingup to 15 boreholes of maximum 4" diaper10 sq km for open cast mining; and(b) test drilling up to 20 boreholes ofmaximum 4" dia per 10 sq km for under-ground mining for prospecting explorationor reconnaissance operations, withoutfelling of trees, shall not attract theprovisions of the Act. In all other casesinvolving more number of drilling of boreholes, prior permission of CentralGovernment under the Act would berequired”.

C. Other Initiatives

– The FAC has been advised to dispose ofthe minutes of the meeting within two daysfrom the date of receipt of the draft minutesfrom the concerned officials and indicatetheir approval / corrections, if any, byemail.

– All efforts should be made to finalise theminutes of the meeting within a period of5 days from the date of convening of themeeting of the FAC.

– The minutes should be processed on theindividual case files by the processingofficer within two days from the date ofreceipt of confirmed minutes.

– The approval of the competent authorityon the recommendations of the FAC shouldbe communicated to the concerned State/UT Government within 15 days from thedate of convening of the FAC meeting.

Transparency in processing of clearances

With a view to make the process ofenvironmental and forestry clearances, theinformation required by the Project Proponent,State/UT Governments and NGOs etc. hasbeen put into public domain by putting thedata on the website of the Ministry. The datais being updated at a frequency of ones everyweek.

The design of the website has beenmodified to make it more user friendly.

Activities undertaken

– During 1st January, 2009 to 31st December,2009, about one thousand nine hundredsixty nine developmental projects involvingabout 33,187.20 hectares forest areashave been granted forestry clearance.However, the first stage approval has beengiven only for eight hundred thirty sixproposals involving 15185.90 ha. Theseinclude the projects for power generation,irrigation, construction of roads, railwaylines, transmission lines, drinking watersupply projects, village electricity, schools,hospitals etc.

– During this period, one hundred seventyone proposals were closed / rejected /returned / withdrawn owing toshortcomings from the established/requisiterequirements for granting forestry clearanceunder the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.

– Further, to boost the development ofunderdeveloped area including tribal areas,general approval under Section-2 of theForest (Conservation) Act, 1980 has beenaccorded for underground laying of electriccable and wires to individual household,

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drinking water supply/water pipelines,telephone lines which involve felling of treesnot exceeding fifty numbers per project andare outside the National Parks andSanctuaries and are laid along the roadand validity of the general approval hasbeen extended till further orders.

– Good practices have been adopted toensure transparency in the system of forestryclearances. Monitoring mechanism forForest Clearances has been strengthened.Agenda items for Forest AdvisoryCommittee Meetings, its minutes, importantguidelines and modifications are beingregularly placed and updated on Ministry’swebsite. The Status of all cases receivedin the ministry are regularly monitored.These all information have been placed inthe Public domain.

– During the period, PMO references (twentyseven) and VIP references (sixty seven) havebeen accorded special attention andalmost all of them have been processedand replied with.

– During the period, in order to operationalizeCAMPA, Guidelines in conformity withSupreme Court’s directions and as perconsultation with the State Government wasprepared and circulated to all State/UTs.Most of the State have constituted StateLevel Compensatory Afforestation FundManagement and Planning Authority(CAMPA) in accordance with the guidelineand have opened the State CAMPAaccount. Taking into account the need tocommence Compensatory Afforestation inthe States/UTs without further loss of anyplanting season, already 10% of fundremitted by the State Government to the

Ad-hoc CAMPA by the respective StateGovernment have been released to therespective States/UTs.

– National Compensatory Afforestation FundManagement and Planning Authority(CAMPA) Advisory Council was constitutedto facilitate the working of State CAMPA.It has already started its working with itsfirst meeting on 29th September, 2009. Anew initiative in the form of GPS basedmonitoring system has been envisagedfirstly for CAMPA work and later on forother works like monitoring of differentconditions stipulated in Forest andenvironmental clearances, differentprogrammes of NAEB etc. To achieve aboveobjective, a Core Group has beenconstituted and it will be submitting theirroad map and plan by March, 2010.

Strengthening of Forests Division

Introduction

The Ministry has six Regional Officeslocated at Bangalore, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar,Lucknow, Shillong and Chandigarh with itsHeadquarter in the Ministry at New Delhi.List of the Regional Offices is given inAnnexure-II A. The primary function of theRegional Offices is to monitor and evaluatethe ongoing forestry projects and schemeswith specific emphasis on conservation offorests and follow up action on theimplementation of conditions and safeguardslaid down by the Ministry while grantingclearance to development projects underForest (Conservation) Act, 1980 andEnvironment (Protection) Act, 1986.

These Regional Offices were createdin mid part 80s. Since then the work load

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has increased many fold. However, thestrength of both scientific and non-scientificofficials and staff in these Offices remainedstagnant. Further, over a period of time anumber of scientific and ministerial staffhave since superannuated and thesevacancies remain unfilled. There is a fearthat a number of sanctioned posts may havebeen deemed abolished. It is, therefore,necessary that the staff and officers positionin these Regional Offices is reviewed andrevised upward.

There have been requests by atleasttwo States viz. the Uttarakhand and Jharkhandto open additional Regional Offices in thesetwo States so that the smaller proposalsrequiring prior approval under the Forest(Conservation) Act, 1980 could be finalizedexpeditiously through the mechanism of StateAdvisiory Group (SAG).

Progress of Activities undertaken

The Regional Chief Conservator ofForests is empowered for approval of diversionof forest land for non-forestry purposes uptothe extent of five hectare (except mining and

regularization of encroachment) and toprocess cases between five hectare to fortyhectare in consultation with the State AdvisoryCommittee and to undertake physicalinspection of sites in cases of diversion offorest lands to non-forestry purposes involvingan area of more than one hundred hectare.A statement showing the number of casesreceived and number of cases cleared underthe Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 duringthe year 2009-10 (upto 31 December, 2009)is given in Table-7.

Other Activities undertaken

Some of the important activitiesundertaken/ meetings held by the RegionalOffices are as follows:

– Due to special management efforts ofRegional Office, Eastern Region,Bhubaneswar, State Governments haverecently started notifying the non-forest landreceived against forest diversion proposalsince 1980. Orissa Government hasnotified forty, Jharkhand Government hasnotified thirteen such pieces of land asProtected Forests and process has been

Table-7. Statement showing the number of cases received and number of cases cleared underthe Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 during the year 2009-10 (upto 31 December, 2009)

S.No. Regional Offices Number of cases received

Number of cases cleared (upto 31.12.2009)

1. Bangalore 75 55 2. Bhubaneswar 52 62 3. Bhopal 168 86 4. Lucknow 390 495 5. Shillong 72 98 6. Chandigarh 439 370

Total 1196 1166

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expedited in West Bengal and Andaman& Nicobar Islands.

– Regional Office, Eastern Region,Bhubaneswar has initiated mandatory GPSmapping for boundary demarcation ofdiverted forest land and compensatoryafforestation land for better identification,management and control against anymismanagement/ mis-utilisation.

– A special drive has been made by theRegional Office, Eastern Region,Bhubaneswar for initiation/ revision ofWorking Plans as per National WorkingPlan Code. Regional Office, Eastern Region,Bhubaneswar has also stressed for focusedattention towards Non Timber ForestProduce (NTFP) Management of all theEastern States.

– To develop expertise in different categoriesof the projects that have been accordedenvironmental clearance by the Ministry ofEnvironment & Forests, the Regional Office,Eastern Region, Bhubaneswar has identifieddifferent sectors such as Aluminium &Bauxite sector, Thermal Power Projects,Coal Mine Project sector, Oil, Gas &Petroleum sector, Steel & Sponge Iron sectorand Nodal scientists have been nominatedfor each sector. The concerned scientistsare encouraged to specialize in each ofthe allotted sectors.

– Till December 2009, three Sector SpecificInteractive meetings were organised by theRegional Office, Eastern Region,Bhubaneswar. These meetings were heldon 31.7.2009 (Aluminium & Bauxitesector), 23.10.2009 (Thermal PowerProjects sector) and 8.12.2009 (Oil, Gas& Petroleum Projects sector). These meetings

were attended by Heads of Departmentsand senior level executives of major projectsas well as professors/ academiciansinvolved in research from leading institutionssuch as IIT Kharagpur, IIT Guwahati, NITRourkela, NIT Durgapur, VSS University ofTech., Burla, IT-BHU, CMRI and DGMS.The objectives of the meetings to haveIndustry-Institution interface discussion are(a) experience sharing among theparticipating projects on the best practicesadopted, (b) the institutions can understanddirectly from the industry the R&D needsand (c) the industry can understand thestrengths and capabilities of the bestResearch Institutes of the Eastern Region.

– The Regional Office, Eastern Region,Bhubaneswar has assisted the industriesfor management of their solid wastes. Theindustries generating wastes (Tyre,Petroleum and Aluminium Smelter), andEastern Railway made an inventory of theirsolid wastes for their chemical constitutionsand caloric value which helped the RegionalOffice to involve Alternative Fuel & RawMaterials (AFR) Division of M/s ACC andIIT Kharagpur to explore the possibility ofutilisation of wastes than sending toTreatment, Storage and Disposal Facility.

– A small garden dedicated to indigenousfragrant plants is being developed in theoffice complex of the Regional Office,Eastern Region.

– Vermi-composting facility has beendeveloped in the campus of the RegionalOffice, Eastern Region utilising the domesticwastes. The manure generated from thevermin-composting will be used in thegarden.

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– Regional Office, North Eastern Region,Shillong organized interactive meeting ofproject proponents, State ForestDepartments, Pollution Control Boards on3 March 2009 related with status ofcompliance of projects approved underEPA, 1986. The meeting was chaired byAdditional Secretary, Ministry ofEnvironment & Forests.

– Regional Office, North Eastern Region,Shillong organized a sectoral meetingrelating to Cement Industry on 16.11.2009

Financial Achievement

A statement showing financial targetsand achievements for the year 2009-10 isgiven in Table-8.

Intensification of ForestManagement Scheme (IFMS)

While aiming to expand forest coverin the country it is equally important toimprove the state of existing forests andprotect them against various threats. ThisCentrally Sponsored Intensification of ForestManagement Scheme aims at strengtheningforest protection machinery of the State/UTGovernments and providing support forarea-specif ic forest managementinterventions. The financial assistance isprovided on cost share basis – All the North

Eastern States including Sikkim and specialcategories States namely Jammu & Kashmir,Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand share10% of the cost while the rest of the States/UTs share 25% of the cost of the annualplans of operations.

The major components of the schemeinclude:

– Forest Fire control and Management.

– Strengthening of Infrastructure.

– Survey, Demarcation and Working Planpreparation.

– Protection and Conservation of SacredGroves.

– Conservation and Restoration of UniqueVegetation & Ecosystems.

– Control and Eradication of Forest InvasiveSpecies.

– Preparedness for Meeting Challenges ofBamboo Flowering and ImprovingManagement of Bamboo Forest.

While the first three components havebeen under implementation since the X Planperiod under the erstwhile Integrated ForestProtection Scheme, the remaining fourcomponents have been introduced from theyear 2009-10.

Table-8. Financial targets and achievements for 2009-10(Rs. in crore)

Revenue head Capital head Target Target

BudgetEstimates

RevisedEstimates

Achievement (upto

31.12.2009) Budget

Estimates Revised

Estimates

Achievement(upto

31.12.2009) 7.83 10.37 6.93 3.50 4.03 4.03

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The scheme has helped the State/UTforest departments in modernising the forestrysector by way of creating infrastructure suchas field offices, forest stations, residentialfacilities for frontline staff; construction of roadsand patrolling paths; introduction of moderntechnology including use of PDS for fieldsurveillance and reporting; providing fieldvehicles, arms and ammunitions. Introductionof advanced technology helped in bridgingthe backlog in preparation of working plans.Forest fire control has become progressivelyeffective by way of creation and maintenanceof firelines for prevention of forest fires, earlydetection, reporting and quick mobilisationof force for forest fire control. Moderntechnology has also helped in improvingplanning for forest fire control andmanagement.

This scheme has also providedincentives for involvement of local peoplethrough Joint Forest Management Committeesin forest protection. Presently, there are morethan one lakh JFMCs managing an extent oftwenty two mha involving twenty two millionpeople of forest area.

The XI plan outlay for the scheme isRs.600.00 crores. The allocation for the year2009-10 is Rs.76.00 crores.

Forest Policy

Forest Policy Division of Ministry ofEnvironment & Forests (MoEF) coordinates theNational Forest Policy and its implementationissues, Forest International Cooperationbesides examining and coordinating the StateForest Policies, State Forest Acts/Amendmentsetc. The details of the major activitiescoordinated by the Forest Policy Division areas follows:

National Conference of Ministers ofEnvironment and Forests

The National Conference of Ministersof Environment and Forests was held on 18th

August, 2009 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.The aim of the Conference was to enhancecooperation and identify concrete actions inpriority areas for protecting the environmentand forests. The Conference was inauguratedby the Prime Minister. It was attended byDeputy Chairman, Planning Commission,Union Ministers, Chief Ministers, Ministers ofEnvironment and Forests, States/UTsSecretaries of Environment and Forests,Principal Chief Conservators of Forests, ChiefWildlife Wardens, Resident Commissioners,Chairmen and Member Secretaries of CentralPollution Control Board (CPCB) and StatePollution Control Board (SPCB), senior officersfrom Central Ministries and State/ UTs,NGOs, officers from various Institutions ofMinistry of Environment and Forests (MoEF),etc. The administrator of Chandigarh(Governor) Punjab and Lt. Governor ofAndaman and Nicobar Islands alsoparticipated in the Conference.

In the Inaugural Session the Ministerof State (Independent Charge) for Environmentand Forests, Shri Jairam Ramesh gave theWelcome Address and Opening remarks. Hehighlighted the following issues:

– Environmental Management –Strengthening compliance and monitoringof standards

– Cleaning/ conservation of Rivers and lakes

– Accelerating the pace of greening andimproving the quality of forest cover

– Modernisation of Forestry administration

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– Relationship between the Forest(Conservation) Act and ‘The ScheduledTribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers(Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006

– Wildlife Management, particularly ProjectTiger

– The proposed creation of EnvironmentProtection Authority and National GreenTribunal Act

– Increase the resources for forests conservationand improving the quality of forest

– Release of CAMPA funds to States

– Better funding for environmental activitieslike Common Effluent Treatment Plants

– Re-imbursement of water cess to StateGovernments

The Prime Minister in his InauguralAddress urged the State Governments:

– To create State level action plans for climatechange consistent with the strategies in thenational plans.

– To modernize the existing Forest andWildlife management system in the countrywith improved resources, communicationand improved training of personnel.

– To fill positions of front line personnel lyingvacant at State level.

– To reserve the degradation of rivers of ourcountry and set up institutional structuresfor synergizing the river conservation effortsat the national and state levels.

– To effectively enforce legal provisionsthrough State Pollution Control Boards to

Fig-17. Hon’ble MoS(I/C) delivering speech during National Conference ofMinisters of Environment and Forests

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curtail the discharge of untreated industrialeffluents that account for nearly 25% of thetotal pollution load in our river systems.

– To involve more stakeholders, particularlyyouth, to lead the movement forenvironmental protection and regeneration.

– To use collective knowledge and wisdomand experience to seek new pathways toreserve the environmental degradation andresource depletion.

The Minister of State (IndependentCharge) for Environment and Forests, ShriJairam Ramesh during the Working Sessionrecalled the detailed discussions held in thepreparatory meeting on 17th August, 2009.In the Working Session, agenda-wisepresentations deliberations and decisions tookplace as per details:

The Scheduled Tribes and other TraditionalForest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights)Act, 2006

The Ministry has been pro-activelyinvolved, in coordinating the Implementation

of The Scheduled Tribes and Other TraditionalForest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights)Act, 2006 along with Ministry of Tribal Affairs.In the process:

– Instructions issued to state governments onAugust 3, 2009 that to formulateunconditional proposals under the Forest(Conservation) Act, 1980, the State/UTgovernments are, wherever the process ofsettlement of rights under the FRA has beencompleted or currently under process,required to enclose evidences for havinginitiated and completed the above process,specially among other sections, 3(1)(i),3(1)(e) and 4(5).

– To facilitate implementation of the Act,the topic “Protection of Forests in thecontext of the implementation of TheScheduled Tribes and Other TraditionalForest Dwellers (Recognition of ForestRights) Act, 2006” was kept as anAgenda for discussion during the NationalConference of Ministers of Environment

and Forests held on 18th August,2009 at New Delhi where it wasemphasized that there should befocus on developing strategies forthe speedy implementation of theTribal Act while minimizing itspotentially deleterious impacts onforests.

– In the context of numerousCourt Cases challenging thevarious provisions of the Act, thisMinistry is regularly providingMinistry’s comments to the NodalMinistry i.e. Ministry of TribalAffairs.Fig-18. Forest dwellers with forest produce

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United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF)

The United Nations Forum on Forests(UNFF) in its 7th Session had adopted theNon-Legally Binding Instrument on all typesof forests with the four global objectives. Allmember countries had agreed to implementthis instrument and to make efforts forachieving global objectives. The Governmentof India is also committed to implementingSustainable Forest Management (SFM). In thiscontext, the information on progress in 2007-08/ 2008-09 in implementing the Non-LegallyBinding Instrument on all Types of Forests(NLBI) and the progress towards achievingthe four Global Objectives on Forests wassubmitted. The 8th Session of United NationsForum on Forests (UNFF) was held in NewYork, USA from 20th April to 1st May, 2009.The Indian delegation headed by DirectorGeneral of Forests and Special Secretary(DGF&SS), Ministry of Environment andForests, Government of India participatedactively in the 8th Session of UNFF and suitablyput forward the country’s views in the meetings.

World Forestry Congress

The 13th Session of World ForestryCongress was held at Buenos Aires,Argentina, from 18th to 23rd October, 2009.The theme of the Congress was ‘Forests inDevelopment – A Vital Balance’. The IndianDelegation headed by DGF&SS participatedactively in the 13th Session of World ForestryCongress. Meetings/ discussions were heldwith Mr. Jan Heino, Dy. Director General ofFAO Forestry Department and Mr. OlmanSerrano, Associate Secretary General WorldForestry Congress Forestry Department, FAO,Rome regarding modalities of planning of the

next Congress. On their invitation, theDGF&SS, Dr. P.J. Dilip Kumar made a formaldeclaration of intention to host the nextCongress, in the concluding ceremony heldon 23rd October, 2009. Discussions were alsoheld with officials of British ForestryCommission, US Forest Service, Chinesedelegation, Russian delegation and Nepal teamon areas of mutual interest and cooperation.

Agenda-I : Monitoring compliance withenvironmental and forestry related laws andregulations and the roadmap for institution -building

A presentation on “Institution Buildingfor Managing our Environment & Forests” wasmade by Shri Vijai Sharma, Secretary (E&F).The presentation, inter alia, highlighted thevarious dimensions of the environmentalchallenge and the issues involved inmonitoring compliance with environment andforest laws. After detailed deliberations, itwas agreed to:-

– Establish an empowered EnvironmentProtection Authority, within a year, whichwould be an autonomous, professional andscience-based body, fully authorized toundertake effective implementation of thelegislation and rules therein, as well asmonitoring compliance with safeguardsstipulated as part of environmentalclearances and also to transmit to the Stateswithin a month a centrally prepared conceptnote on the proposed Authority;

– Conduct a survey of the seventeencategories of highly polluting industries inthe current year at the State level to ensurecompliance of relevant standards and alsoto document the clean technologies beingadopted;

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– Work out a time-bound action programmefor handling the industrial clusters havingserious environmental pollution levels, tobe implemented jointly by the Central andState Pollution Control Boards. For this, theCentral Government will issue guidelinesfor identification of critically polluted areasand the monitoring protocol to be enforced.High level monitoring at the State Level ofthese areas will be undertaken to ensuretimely intervention;

– Undertake a comprehensive inventorizationof hazardous waste being generated indifferent States and UTs;

– Expedite sanctions due under the Water CessAct by the Central Government to the StatePollution Control Boards (SPCBs), with actionto be taken according to a system to bedevised to enable disbursements to the SPCBswithout delay and also to provide additionalresources to the Central Pollution ControlBoard (CPCB) under the Water Cess Act;

– Strengthen the SPCBs by allocating greaterbudgetary resources and sanctioningadditional posts wherever needed in termsof technical manpower and infrastructure,as a primary responsibility of the StateGovernment. The Central Government willprovide assistance to the weaker State PCBsfor this endeavour;

– Augment the technical manpower,infrastructure and financial resources of theCPCB;

– Put in place innovative fundingmechanisms, public-private partnershipsand special purpose vehicles for settingup common facilities, such as CommonEff luent Treatment Plants (CETPs),treatment, storage and disposal facilities

(TSDFs) for hazardous wastes, andcommon faci l i t ies for treatment ofbio-medical wastes, keeping in view theneed to substantial ly enhance theassistance by the Central Government;

– Set up and strengthen, in view of thedecentralized appraisal procedures,State- level Environmental ImpactAssessment Authorities and Coastal ZoneManagement Authori t ies, withprofessional and technical expertise inthe environment and forest related fields,suppor ted by technology-enabledmonitoring mechanisms for enhancingenvironmental compliance;

– Operationalize the crisis managementsystems to handle chemical accidents andrelated emergencies, supported by onsiteand offsite emergency plans and systemsfor transmitting information using the web-based Chemical Accident Information andReporting System. Preparation ofemergency plans for the Maximum Hazard(MAH) units will be expedited.

– Modernize and revitalize forestadministration at various levels, particularlyat the cutting-edge level of forest guardsand rangers, including with regard to newrecruitment, improvement of workingconditions and better incentives for field-level staff. States will endeavour to bringthe Forestry personnel on par with the PoliceForce in terms of remuneration and serviceconditions.

– Circulate a copy of the National GreenTribunal Bill, 2009. which has been recentlyintroduced in the Parliament, to the Stateswithin a week.

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Agenda-II : Improving our approach to rivercleaning using innovative models andenhanced coordination between Centre,States and Local Bodies

A presentation on ‘River Cleaningusing Innovative Models’ was made by ShriR.H. Khwaja, Additional Secretary. Thepresentation highlighted the recent initiativesof the Government for giving a fresh impetusto river cleaning and underlined the needfor enhanced coordination between Centre,States and Local Bodies. After discussions, the following conclusions werearrived at:

– To effectively coordinate the working of theCentre, States and Urban Local Bodies forriver and lake cleaning programmes; tosignificantly enhance the resourcesallocated for these programmes; and seekbilateral/multilateral assistance for the effortand put in place new implementationmechanisms, e.g., special purpose vehicles,drawing upon the experience gained overthe past two decades;

– To set up empowered structures in the States,headed by the respective Chief Ministers;complemented by tripartite Memorandumsof Agreement (MoAs) between the MoEF,the State Governments, and the Urban LocalBodies concerned to effectively plan,coordinate and implement riverconservation activities in an integratedmanner. States will allocate dedicated fundsfor meeting Operation and Maintenance(O&M) expenses and consider measuresfor mobilization of resources for this purposeby levy of user charges, cess etc.;

– To put in place innovative fundingmechanisms, public-private partnershipsand special purpose vehicles for setting up

common facilities, such as common effluenttreatment plants (CETPs).

Agenda-III : Strategies for increasing forestcover and enhancing synergies between‘Green India Mission’, National AfforestationProgramme and CAMPA funds

Shri K.B.Thampi, Inspector General ofForests made a presentation highlighting thepresent status of the Forest and Tree Cover(FTC) in the country, the strategies forincreasing FTC, current initiatives and actionpoints. After discussion the followingconclusions were reached:

– States would immediately prepare a statuspaper showing the availability of budgetaryresources in the respective states for theForestry Sector from all sources and sendit to the Ministry of Environment of Forests.

– The information required from the states forpreparing the Detailed Project Report (DPR)of a Rs. 1600 crores project likely to besupported by JICA should be expedited

– States experiencing difficulties in accessingfunds for forestry/afforestation projectsunder the NREGA may emulate the exampleset by Andhra Pradesh where the processhas been considerably streamlined.

– The Ministry would take necessary actionexpeditiously on the proposals on CleanDevelopment Mechanism (CDM) that willbe forwarded by Madhya Pradesh andother states.

Agenda-IV : Strengthening of State ForestDepartments by Modernization, Infrastructuredevelopment and Capacity building of forestofficials

Shri A.K.Johari, Deputy InspectorGeneral of Forests introduced the agenda

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through a presentation. After discussions thefollowing Action Points were agreed upon:

– The State/UT Governments would prepareplans for modernising their forestryadministration by 20.12.2009 and submitthe APOs to the Ministry at the earliest. Inthis modernisation plan, the focus wouldbe on the frontline forestry forces.

– The State/UT Governments would submitinformation as per the Proforma enclosed withthe agenda note of the Agenda Item No. 4.

– Programme Coordinators for Intensificationof Forest Management Scheme would bedesignated by the State/UT Governments.

– For the areas affected by Naxalism,Divisional Plans would be submitted by theconcerned State/UTs at the earliest.

The following conclusions were reached:

– States would undertake modernisation ofForestry Administration on a Mission Mode.Focus of Scheme would be on FrontlineForestry Force. Attempts would be madeby the States to bring the Forestry Forceon par with the Police Force in terms oftheir pay, allowances, promotions, etc.

– For areas affected by left wing extremism,the State Governments would apportionfunds from the Central Assistance forimplementation of Divisional Plans underStrengthening of Forestry Administration.

Agenda-V : Protection of Forests in the contextof the implementation of “The Scheduled Tribesand Other Traditional Forest Dwellers(Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006

Dr. P.B.Gangopadhyay, Addl. DirectorGeneral of Forests made a brief presentation

on the subject. It was said that while theMinistry of Tribal Affairs is the Nodal Ministryfor the implementation of the Act, the Ministryof Environment & Forests and the State ForestsDepartments have a facilitating Role. TheMinister of State (Independent Charge) forEnvironment and Forests observed that ‘TheScheduled Tribes and Other Traditional ForestDwellers (Recognition of Forests Rights) Act,2006’ needs to be implemented speedily andthat it is the responsibility of all concernedto work in this direction. At the same time,it is also necessary to take necessary stepstowards conservation. In the ensuingdiscussions, the following action points wereagreed upon:

– Forest Departments will facilitate the speedyimplementation of the Act by providingmaps, documents & evidences and byproactively participating in the Sub-divisionlevel & District level Committees.

– States will expedite the identification ofCritical Wildlife Habitats.

– Forest Departments will prepare Schemefor permanent demarcation of the Rightholders’ land and request for funding bythe Tribal Welfare Departments.

– Forest Departments will prepare proposalfor capacity building of forest dwellers sothat they can conserve, regenerate, protectand sustainably manage the forests andcan live in harmony with their environment.Such programme should be posed forfunding by the Tribal Welfare Departments.

Agenda-VI : Wildlife management includingtiger conservation and issues related to man-animal conflict

At the outset, the MOS (I/C) (E&F)remarked that wildlife conservation in the untry

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faces several challenges. Dr. Rajesh Gopal,Member Secretary, National TigerConservation Authority made a presentationhighlighting the various issues pertaining towildlife sector. In the ensuing discussion, thefollowing action points were agreed upon:

– State/ UT Governments to make use of theprovisions of the modified CentrallySponsored Schemes in the Wildlife sectorand also to scale up financial allocationfor wildlife conservation in State Plans.

– Step up intelligence networking andeffective enforcement in Protected Areas.

– Promote specialization within ForestDepartment to improve field delivery.

– Establish a 24 x 7 control room with theChief Wildlife Warden for interlinking withthe Wildlife Crime Control Bureau and fieldformations. Further, they shall inform theWildlife Crime Control Bureau on theoccurrence of major crimes in a formatalready circulated and also to give detailsof wildlife crimes during the last 10 yearsto facilitate the establishment of wildlifecrime date base.

– Operationalise the tripartite MOU at theearliest for availing central assistance underProject Tiger.

– Ensure statutory compliance as requiredby the NTCA (buffer zoning, SteeringCommittee, tiger conservation plan,foundation).

– Ensure actions on the recommendationsmade in the All India tiger estimation reportfor corridor conservation,

– Prepare and operationalize ManagementPlans / Tiger Conservation Plans within 6months, wherever these are nonexistent.

– Fill up frontline staff vacancy through aspecial drive.

– Ensure safeguards and timely compensationfor man-wildlife conflicts in humandominated landscapes for enlistingcooperation of local inhabitants.

– Appoint independent Field Coordinators foreach Elephant Reserve in Elephant RangeStates.

– Wildlife Institute of India to constitute aspecial team to study the man-animal conflictissues involving Nilgai. The team shall visitthe badly affected States submit a reportfor addressing this issue within 2 months,

– MoEF to convene a separate meeting onissues related to elephant-man conflictsinvolving Elephant Range States.

– Mobilize local community participation asthe primary instrument for protecting wildlifeand for promoting conservation andsustainable management of forests;

– Act effectively against poachers and,simultaneously, amend the Wildlife(Protection) Act, 1972 as necessary, toenhance its effectiveness,

– Take concrete steps, with the Centre andStates working together, for addressing thespecial needs of communities living in andaround the wildlife habitats, supported byManagement Plans for the Protected Areas,which recognize the local communities asstakeholders.

Wildlife Conservation

Introduction

The Indian Constitution entails thesubject of forests & wildlife in the Concurrentlist. The Federal Ministry acts as a guiding

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torch dealing with policies and planning onwildlife conservation while the State/ UTGovernments have been vested with theresponsibility of implementing nationalpolicies and plans. Realizing the huge taskof conserving India’s wildlife resources, theNational Wildlife Action Plan (2002-2016)was adopted, emphasizing the need forpeoples’ participation and support for wildlifeconservation.

In Government of India, the AdditionalDirector General of Forests (Wildlife) andDirector, Wildlife Preservation is the head ofthe Wildlife Wing in the Ministry ofEnvironment & Forests. The Wildlife Winghas two Divisions, namely, Project ElephantDivision and Wildlife Division, each headedby an officer in the rank of Inspector Generalof Forests. A Deputy Inspector General ofForest (Wildlife), an Assistant InspectorGeneral of Forests & Joint Director (Wildlife)and one Deputy Director (Wildlife) providesupport to the Wildlife Wing. In addition,three autonomous bodies, National TigerConservation Authority (NTCA), Central ZooAuthority (CZA) and Wildlife Institute of India(WII) have been constituted for tigerconservation, zoo management, research andtraining in wildlife respectively under theMinistry. The National Zoological Park in thecapital is also a part of the Wildlife Wingof the Ministry of Environment & Forests.

In tune with the 2006 amendment tothe Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, a WildlifeCrime control Bureau has been establishedto combat wildlife related crimes. The WildlifeCrime Control Bureau has five RegionalOffices located Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata,Chennai and Jabalpur and three Sub-regionaloffices at Amritsar, Guwahati and Cochin.

Funding Support for Wildlife Conservation

Government of India provides technicaland financial support to the State/ UTGovernments for wildlife conservation underthe various Centrally Sponsored Schemes -Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats,Project Tiger, and Project Elephant, and alsothrough Central Sector Scheme - Strengtheningof Wildlife Division and Consultancies forSpecial Tasks, and through Grants in Aid tothe Central Zoo Authority and Wildlife Instituteof India, Dehra dun. The objectives and detailsof the Schemes handled by the WildlifeDivision are as given below:

Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats

The Protected Area network in Indiaincludes ninty nine National Parks and fivehundred fifteen Wildlife Sanctuaries, fortythree Conservation Reserves and fourCommunity Reserves. The objective of theScheme is to provide financial and technicalassistance to the State/ UTs to conservewildlife resources. The Scheme supportsvarious activities aimed at the conservationof wildlife that inter alia include habitatimprovement practices, infrastructuredevelopment, eco-development activities, antipoaching activities, research, training,capacity building, census of wildlife, etc.

Under this Scheme, 100% grant isprovided for identified items of non-recurringexpenditure. Also, 50% assistance is providedin respect of recurring items of expenditure.For areas located in mountainous, coastal,deserts and with identified endangeredspecies, 100% financial support is providedfor both recurring and non-recurring items of

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work. An amount of Rs80.00 crore wasallocated during the year2009-10 under theScheme.

During December2008, the erstwhileScheme – ‘Developmentof National Parks andSanctuaries’ has beenmodified by expandingthe scope and adding afew more componentsand activities. The totaloutlay for the modifiedScheme - titled as‘Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats’is Rs.74.00 crores for the 11th five Year Planperiod. Apart from providing support toProtected Areas (National Parks, WildlifeSanctuaries, Conservation Reserves andCommunity Reserves), the modified Schemealso provides for ‘Protection of wildlife outsidethe Protected Areas’ and ‘Recoveryprogrammes for critically endangeredspecies’.

The Ministry had initiated anindependent evaluation of National Parks andWildlife Sanctuaries by a group of expertsto ascertain the Management Effectiveness ofProtected Area network in the country. Fiveregional committees of experts have beenconstituted for the purpose.

Recovery programmes for criticallyendangered species

The Ministry has initially shortlistedfifteen species which are Snow Leopard,Bustard, Dolphin, Hangul, Nilgiri Tahr, Marineturtles, Edible-nest Swiftlet, Asian Wild Buffalo,

Nicobar megapode, Manipur Brow-antlereddeer, Vultures, Malabar civet, One-hornedrhino, Asiatic Lion and Swamp deer. Out ofthese ‘Recovery Programmes” for Vulture,Snow Leopard, Hangul, Edible-nest Swiftletand Manipur Brow Antlered Deer have beenlaunched. Funds have been released to Jammu& Kashmir (Snow leopard and Hangul),Gujarat, Punjab and Haryana (Vulture),Edible-nest Swiftlet (Andaman & NicobarIslands), Manipur Brow Antlered Deer(Manipur). Apart from this, Government ofIndia has formulated an Action Plan for VultureConservation, which is being implemented incollaboration with State/UTs. The Governmenthas supported Vulture Breeding Centres atPinjore in Haryana, Buxa in West Bengaland Rani Forest in Assam and also the captivebreeding centres at 4 Zoos at Bhopal,Bhubaneshwar, Junagarh and Hyderabad,which have been set up through CZA.Government of India also providing funds toBombay Natural History Society, Mumbai forthe project “Monitoring and use of Veterinary

Fig-19. Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary

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Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAID) and Painkiller and their distributionaround select vulture site”

Strengthening of Wildlife Division andConsultancies for Special Tasks

This Central Sector Scheme waslaunched in 1986 to strengthen the WildlifeDivision in the Ministry and the RegionalOfficers of Wildlife Preservation for fulfillingthe statutory obligations under the Wildlife(Protection) Act, 1972 and the Conventionon International Trade in Endangered Speciesof Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

International trade in wild flora andfauna is regulated by the provisions of theEXIM Policy, the Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972 and CITES convention. The Director(Wildlife Preservation) is designated as theCITES Management Authority and theRegional Deputy Directors (WildlifePreservation) are the Assistant ManagementAuthorities under CITES. They monitor andregulate international trade in wildlife and itsderivatives at the designated ports of exit

and entry. Consequent upon the creation ofthe Wildlife Crime Control Bureau, theseregional and sub-regional offices have beennow made part of the Bureau.

The Scheme “Strengthening of Wildlifedivision and Consultancies for Special Task”provided assistance to the Regional Officeslocated in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Jabalpurand Chennai for manpower and developmentof infrastructure. Assistance was also extendedto the three sub-regional offices at Guwahati,Amritsar and Cochin. In addition, the Schemealso supported the functioning of the WildlifeDivision in the Ministry. The allocation of thescheme during the year 2009-10 was Rs.4.08Crores.

The Scheme also supported wildliferesearch activities/ projects envisaged in theNational Wildlife Action Plan (2002-2016).Grant were also provide to research institutes,universities, NGOs and other organizationsof repute engaged in wildlife research bothat the field and laboratory levels. Major areassupported inter alia include taxonomy,

population estimation, wildlifeconservation & management,restoration of degradedecosystems, etc. About twentythree projects in variousdisciplines of wildlifemanagement are under variousstages of consideration/implementation

Wildlife Crime ControlBureau

The Wildlife CrimeControl Bureau (WCCB)has come into existence on6/6/2007 after amendingFig-20. Rhinoceros – needs conservation and protection

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Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 in 2006. Themandate of WCCB includes collection,collation of intelligence and its dissemination,establishment of a centralized wildlife crimedatabank, coordination of the actions ofvarious enforcement authorities towards theimplementation of the provisions of the Act,implementation of the internationalconventions, capacity building for scientificand professional investigation, assistance toauthorities in other countries for a coordinateduniversal action towards control of wildlifecrimes and to advise the governmentregarding various policy and legalrequirements.

The Bureau at present is manned byforty four officials including one Addl. Directorin the rank of Inspector General of Police. Asa central agency, it is assisting the stateagencies through intelligence inputs, analysisof information and providing expertise. TheBureau has also performing its role at the exitpoints under CITES. This organization hasalso played an active role in pursuing theinterstate linkages in some important seizuresof mega-fauna. The Bureau has issued alertson trafficking in some species and advisorieson collection and appreciation of forensicevidence.

Standing Committee of National Board forWildlife

The Standing Committee of NationalBoard for Wildlife, was constituted on 9thJuly 2007 for a period of three years. TheStanding Committee is chaired by the Hon’bleMinister of Environment & Forests and iscomprised of ten members including officialand non official members. The StandingCommittee has been delegated the powers

by the National Board for Wildlife for framingpolices for effective wildlife conservation,making recommendations on wildlifeconservation, etc. The Standing Committeeordinarily meets once in three months. Duringthe period from 1st April 2009 till date, 4meetings of the Standing Committee ofNational Board for Wildlife were held underthe Chairmanship of Hon’ble Minister of Statefor Environment & Forests. The meetings wereheld on 4th May 2009, 17th July 2009 and16th September 2009 and 22nd December2009. During these meetings, severalimportant matters regarding wildlifeconservation and also various proposalsrelating to development works involvingProtected Areas were considered. In all, fiftyfive proposals were considered by theStanding Committee during these 4 meetings,alongwith other important issues related towildlife conservation. The minutes of themeetings are regularly updated to the officialwebsite of the Ministry.

International Cooperation

India is a party to five majorinternational conventions related to wildlifeconservation, viz. Convention on InternationalTrade in Endangered Species of wild faunaand flora (CITES), International Union forConservation of Nature and NaturalResources (IUCN), International WhalingCommission (IWC), United NationsEducational, Scientific & CulturalOrganization-World Heritage Committee(UNESCO-WHC) and the Convention onMigratory Species (CMS).

During the reporting period, i.e. 2009-2010, India was actively involved in thefollowing International Conventions:

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– Convention on International Trade inEndangered Species of Fauna and Flora(CITES)

In order to regulate international trade inendangered species of wildlife, theConvention on International Trade inEndangered Species of wild fauna and flora(CITES) was signed in March 1973. TheGovernment of India signed the Conventionin July 1976, which was ratified in October1976. The Director, Wildlife Preservationhas been designated as the CITESManagement Authority for India. India alsorepresented in the Animal Committeemeeting of CITES held at Geneva duringApril 2009.

– World Heritage Convention

India is a member of World HeritageConvention responsible for listing of WorldHeritage Sites, which include both Culturaland natural sites. The World HeritageConvention is a Convention under the aegisof the United Nations Educational, Scientific

& Cultural Organization(UNESCO). Wildlife wingof the Ministry ofEnvironment & Forests isassociated withconservation of the NaturalWorld Heritage sites.Currently, five natural WorldHeritage Sites have beenrecognized by UNESCO inIndia viz, Nanda DeviNational Park, KazirangaNational Park, ManasNational Park, KeoladeoNational Park andSundarbans National Park,

apart from these, the Valley of FlowersNational Park has also been included inthe list of World Heritage Sites as anextension to Nanda Devi National Park.Four new natural heritage sites viz, WesternGhats cluster, Kangchendzonga NationalPark, Namdhapha National Park and WildAss Sanctuary, Little Rann of Kutch havebeen included in the tentative list of WorldHeritage Sites. The Ministry of Environment& Forests has forwarded the detailednomination dossiers for listing of WesternGhats Cluster Sites to the World HeritageSites, to the UNESCO.

India had represented in the 33rd Sessionof the World Heritage Committee that washeld at Seville, Spain from 22nd to30th June 2009.

– International Whaling Commission

The International Whaling Commission(IWC) was set up under the InternationalCommission for the Regulation of Whalingwhich was signed in Washington on

Fig-21. Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa)

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2nd December 1946. The purpose of theConvention is to provide for conservationof whale stocks. India has been a memberof the International Whaling Commissionsince 1981 and has played a pro-activeand prominent role in bringing about amoratorium on commercial whaling andsupporting the Commission in its effortstowards whale conservation.

The 61st Annual meeting of the InternationalWhaling Commission was held in Madeira,Portugal from 22nd to 26th June 2009. AnIndian delegation attended the meeting.India’s proactive role in its efforts toconserve the whale population wasappreciated during the meeting.

– IUCN : World Conservation Union

International Union for Conservation ofNature (IUCN) is a unique globalorganization which started working in1948. It is one of the handful of internationalorganization where Governments and non-Governmental bodies work together asparties. By virtue of being a member ofIUCN, one has access to the largest networkof specialists in the field of conservation.IUCN is having an observer status at theUnited Nations and advises Governmentson matters related to conservation, integrityand diversity of nature and also ensuresthat any use of natural resources is equitableand ecologically sustainable.

India has a long relationship with IUCN.The Government of India was the firstcountry in South Asia to join IUCN as astate member in 1969. It is also the firstand the only country in the region to hostthe General Assembly of IUCN in 1969.At present there are twenty two members

of IUCN in India including the Ministry ofEnvironment & Forests, National Board forWildlife, Wildlife Institute of India,Dehradun the Govid Ballabh Pant Institutefor Himalayan Studies, Almora and IndianInstitute of Forest Management, Bhopal. AnIUCN Country Office in India is alsofunctional with its office in New Delhi.

Further, an Indian Nation Committee (INC)of the IUCN is in existence under theChairmanship of the Secretary (E&F) andcomprising both official and non officialmembers. The Director, Wildlife Institute ofIndia is the Member-Secretary to the INCof IUCN.

– Indian National Committee of IUCN

During the period 2009-2010, one meetingof the Indian National Committee of theIUCN was convened on 28th October 2009under the Chairmanship of the Secretary(E&F). The important discussions held duringthe meeting include:

– Presentation on progress on Indiaprogramme by IUCN India Country Office

– Mechanism for greater involvement of IUCNmember organizations in IUCN IndiaCountry Programme.

– Presentation of financial statement of INC-IUCN Secretariat.

IUCN India Country office

The Government of India has been a statemember of IUCN since 1969. In 2007,IUCN established a country office andprogramme in India to deepen itsengagement at the local, national, andregional levels. IUCN’s India programme

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seeks to identify the key environmentalconcerns and gaps and correspondinglybroaden the membership base to enhanceinfluence on policy and practice insustainable development

Recent activities undertaken by IUCN inIndia include

– Himalayan Water and Nature Initiative-innovative management practices to supportmainstreaming of an ecosystem approachto water management;

– Access to environmental justice by the ruralcommunities; and

– Tiger Reserve Assessment.

Work has also been undertaken toimplement two important initiatives:

– The Livelihoods and Landscapes Strategy(LLS) is a global initiative that examines therights and access of the rural poor to forestproducts in the context of the entirelandscape in which people and forestsinteract; and

– Mangroves for the Future Initiative (MFF),which seeks to address long-term threats tocoastal ecosystems, and promote investmentin conserving coastal ecosystems asdevelopment ‘infrastructure’

Central Zoo Authority

Zoos in India are regulated as per theprovisions of the Wild Life (Protection) Act,1972 and are guided by the National ZooPolicy, 1998. The Central Zoo Authority wasestablished by the Government of India in theyear 1992 through an amendment in the WildLife (Protection) (1991 amendment) Act,1972. The main objective was to enforceminimum standards and norms for upkeep

and health care of animals in India zoos andrestrain mushrooming of unplanned and ill-conceived zoos that were cropping up in thecountry as adjuncts to public parks, industrialcomplexes and way sides.

The Central Zoo Authority is a twelvemember body headed by a Chairman.Minister of State for Environment & Forests(Forests & Wildlife), Government of India ispresently ex-officio Chairman of the Authority.Member Secretary, Central Zoo Authority isthe Chief Executive Officer of the Authority.There are 9 regular and 6 contractual staffto assist the Member Secretary in dischargeof his duties

To carry out the different functions ofthe Authority, two committees namely theAdministrative Committee (headed by the DGF& SS-to decide on administrative andbudgetary issues) and Technical Committee(headed by the Addl. DGF(WL)-to takedecisions on technical matters) have beenconstituted in the Authority. An expert groupon zoo designing has also been formed inthe Authority to give recommendations on zoomaster plans and approval of the enclosuredesigns submitted by different zoos.


– Recognition of Zoo Rules 2009 werefinalized and notified vide Notification No.643 dated 11.11.2009 in supersession ofthe Recognition of Zoo Rules 1992.

– Five large, five small and thirty mini zoosand Rescue Centres have been evaluatedas zoos during the year.

– Five large, two small and twenty three minizoos Rescue Centres have been givenconditional recognition.

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– The Central Zoo Authority is coordinatingplanned conservation breeding programmefor endangered species in Indian zoos. Sofar, seventy species has been identifiedunder the planned conservation-breedingprogramme.

– Ninteen exchange proposals of animalsbetween Indian zoos and two exchangeproposals between Indian and foreign zooswere approved by the Authority during theperiod of the Report.

– The Central Zoo Authority has assignedresponsibi l i ty of preparing andmaintaining the studbooks for 14endangered species to Wildlife Instituteof India. Studbooks prepared by WII onClouded leopard, Snow leopard, Tibetanwolf, Hoolock gibbon and Red pandahave been uploaded on the website ofthe Central Zoo Authority for the purposeof wider use.

– The Central Zoo Authority has providedfunds to various zoos to organize workshopsand training programmes for zoopersonnels.

– The Central Zoo Authority has providedRs.38.72 lakh to Wildlife Institute of IndiaDehradun for research project entitled“Studies on housing and enclosureenrichment of some species in selectedIndian zoos”. An amount of Rs. 425.00lakh has also been provided to sevenRescue Centres created for rehabilitationof animals rescued from circuses (uptoDecember 2009).

– An amount of Rs. 729.80 lakhs has beenreleased to different zoos and relatedorganization for creation of better animals

housings, veterinary facilities, infrastructuredevelopment, research and trainingpurposes during the year 2009-10 (uptoDecember 2009)

Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun

Wildlife Institute of India (WII) wasestablished in 1982, a premier trainingand research institution in the field ofwildlife and protected area managementin South Asia, is an autonomous instituteof the Ministry of Environment & Forests,with a 49 member WII Society as theapex body. The Society is chaired by theUnion Minister for Environment & Forests,Government of India. The Institute’s widearray of capacity building programmesprovide a practical and realistic directionto the concept and practice of wildlifeconservation.

The Institute conducted variousresearch projects, academic and trainingprogrammes during the year. The details ofresearch and education programmes aregiven in Chapter-7 and 8 respectively.

National Tiger ConservationAuthority (NTCA)

Brief Introduction and Objectives

The Centrally Sponsored Scheme“Project Tiger” was launched in April, 1973with the objective “to ensure maintenance ofa viable population of Tigers in India forscientific, economic, aesthetic, cultural andecological values, and to preserve for alltimes, areas of biological importance as anational heritage for the benefit, educationand enjoyment of the people.”

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Progress achievement made during the year

Legal Steps

– Amendment of the Wild Life (Protection)Act, 1972 for providing enabling provisionsfor constitution of the National TigerConservation Authority and the Tiger andOther Endangered Species Crime ControlBureau. The punishment in case of offencewithin a tiger reserve has been enhanced.The Act also provides for forfeiture of anyequipment, vehicle or weapon that has beenused for committing any wild life offence.

Administrative steps

– Strengthening of anti-poaching activities,including special strategy for monsoonpatrolling, by providing funding support toTiger Reserve States, as proposed by them,for deployment of anti-poaching squadsinvolving ex-army personnel/home guards,apart from workforce comprising of localpeople, in addition to strengthening ofcommunication/wireless facilities.

– One hundred percent Central Assistanceprovided to thirty eight Tiger Reserves asan additionality for deployment of Tigerprotection Force, comprising of ex-armypersonnel and local workforce.

– Constitution of the National TigerConservation Authority with effect from4.09.2006, for strengthening tigerconservation by, inter alia, ensuringnormative standards in tiger reservemanagement, preparation of reservespecific tiger conservation plan, layingdown annual/ audit report beforeParliament, constituting State level SteeringCommittees under the Chairmanship of

Chief Minister and establishment of TigerConservation Foundation.

– Constitution of a multidisciplinary Tiger andOther Endangered Species Crime ControlBureau (Wildlife Crime Control Bureau) witheffect from 6.6.2007 comprising of officersfrom Police, Forest, Customs and otherenforcement agencies to effectively controlillegal trade in wildlife.

– Approval accorded for declaring eight newTiger Reserves. Notification for SahayadriTiger Reserve in Maharashtra has beenissued in January, 2010.

– The revised Project Tiger guidelines havebeen issued to States for strengthening tigerconservation, which apart from ongoingactivities, interalia, include funding supportto States for enhanced village relocatgion/rehabilitation package for people living incore or critical tiger habitats (from Rs.1lakh/ family to Rs.10 lakhs/ family,rehabilitation/ resettlement of communitiesinvolved in traditional hunting andmainstreaming livelihood and wildlifeconcerns in forests outside tiger reservesand fostering corridor conservation throughrestorative strategy to arrest habitatfragmentation.

– A scientific methodology for estimating tiger(including copredators, prey animals andassessment of habitat status) has beenevolved and mainstreamed. The findingsof this estimation/assessment are benchmarks for future tiger conservation strategy.

– An area of 29284.76 sq. km. has beennotified by fifteen Tiger States (our ofseventeen) as core or critical tiger habitatunder section 38 V of the Wildlife

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(Protection) Act, 1972,as amended in 2006(Andhra Pradesh,Arunachal Pradesh,Assam, Chhattisgarh,Jharkhand , Karnataka,Kerala, MadhyaPradesh, Maharashtra,Mizoram, Orissa,Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu,Uttarakhand, and WestBengal.) Two tigerStates (Bihar and UttarPradesh) have taken adecision for notifyingthe core or critical tigerhabitats (2765.04sq.km.). The State of Madhya Pradesh hasnot identified/notified the core/ critical tigerhabitat in its newly constituted tiger reserve(Sanjay National Park and Sanjay DubriWildlife Sanctuary).

– Memorandum of Understanding developedfor better/concerted implementation ofconservation inputs through tiger reserveStates.

Financial Steps

– Financial and technical help is provided tothe States under various CentrallySponsored Schemes, viz. Project Tiger andDevelopment of National Parks andSanctuaries for enhancing the capacity andinfrastructure of the States for providingeffective protection to wild animals.

International Cooperation

– India has a Memorandum of Understandingwith Nepal on controlling trans-boundaryillegal trade in wildlife and conservation,

apart from a protocol on tiger conservationwith China.

– A Global Tiger Forum of Tiger RangeCountries has been created for addressinginternational issues related to tigerconservation.

– During the 14th meeting of the Conferenceof Parties to CITES, which was held from3rd to 15th June, 2007 at The Hague,India introduced a resolution along withChina, Nepal and the Russian Federation,with directions to Parties with operationsbreeding tigers on a commercial scale, forrestricting such captive populations to alevel supportive only to conserving wildtigers. The resolution was adopted as adecision with minor amendments. Further,India made an intervention appealing toChina to phase out tiger farming, andeliminate stockpiles of Asian big cat’s bodyparts and derivatives. The importance ofcontinuing the ban on trade of body partsof tigers was emphasized.

Fig-22. Panthera tigris in its natural habitat

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– Based on India’s strong interventionduring the 58th meeting of the StandingCommittee of the CITES at Geneva from6th to 10th July, 2009. the CITESSecretariat has issued a notification toParties to submit reports relating tocompliance of Decisions 14.69 and 14.65within 90 days with effect from 20.10.2009(Progress made on restricting captive breedingoperations of tigers etc.)

Reintroduction of Tigers

– As a part of active management to rebuildSariska and Panna Tiger Reserves where

tigers have become locally extinct,reintroduction of tigers/tigresses have beendone.

– Special advisories issued for in-situ buildup of prey base and tiger populationthrough active management in tiger reserveshaving low population status of tiger andits prey.

Creation of Special tiger Protection Force(STPF)

– The policy initiatives announced by theFinance Minister in his Budget Speech of29.2.2008, interalia, contains action pointsrelating to tiger protection. Based on theone time grant of Rs. 50.00 crore providedto the National Tiger Conservation Authority(NTCA) for raising, arming and deployinga Special Tiger Protection Force, theproposal for the said force has beenapproved by the competent authority for13 tiger reserves. Rs. 93 lakhs each has

been released to Corbett,Ranthambhore & DudhwaTiger Reserve for creation ofSTPF in remaining 10 TigerReserves in 2009-10. Sincethen, the guidelines of the STFhave been revised fordeploying forest personnel inplace of Police, with scopefor involving local people likethe Van Gujjars.

– In collaboration withTRAFFIC-INDIA, action hasbeen taken for an onlinewildlife crime database, andGeneric Guidelines forpreparation of reservespecific Security Plan has

been evolved.


– Funding support to thirty eight tiger reservein seventeen States.

– EFC of Project Tiger Scheme revised toinclude additionalities for implementing theTiger Task Force recommendations and

Fig-23. Tiger relocation

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enhancing the village relocation/rehabilitation package for people living incore areas of tiger reserves.

– As per the findings of the recent all Indiaestimation on tiger using the refinedmethodology, the total country-levelpopulation of tiger is 1411(mid value); thelower and upper limits being 1165 and1657 respectively. The new findings, whichare based on statistical methods and notcomparable with the earlier estimates basedon pugmark counts, indicate a poor statusof tiger population outside tiger reserveand protected areas in the seventeen tigerStates. The tiger population, by and large,in the tiger reserves and protected areasof such States are viable, while requiringongoing conservation efforts. As informedby the State, the population of lion is359±10, which has increased over theyears. As a part of the recent all India tigerestimation, only the spatial occupancy ofleopard within the seventeen tiger Stateshas been ascertained.

– An area of 29284.76 sq. km has beennotified by fifteen Tiger States (out ofseventeen) as core or critical tiger habitatunder section 38V of the Wildlife(Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in2006 (Andhra Pradesh, ArunachalPradesh, Assam Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh,Maharashtra, Mizoram, Orissa, Rajasthan,Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, and WestBengal). Two tiger States (Bihar and UttarPradesh) have taken a decision for notifyingthe core or critical tiger habitats (2765.04sq. km.). The State of Madhya Pradesh hasnot identified / notified the core/ critical

tiger habitat in its newly constituted tigerreserve (Sanjay National Park and SanjayWildlife Sanctuary)

Recent initiatives

– Implementing a tripartite MOU with tigerStates, linked to fund flows for effectiveimplementation of tiger conservationinitiatives.

– Revised the Special Tiger Protection Force(STPF) guidelines to involve local peoplelike Van Gujjars and others in fieldprotection

– Rapid assessment of tiger reserves donetwelve good, nine satisfactory and sixteenpoor.

– Special crack teams sent to tiger reservesaffected by left wing extremism and lowpopulation status of tiger and its prey.

– All India meeting of Field Directorsconvened on 25 and 26 July, 2009 underthe Chairmanship of the Minister of State(Independent Charge) for Environment andForests for reviewing the status of fieldprotection and related issues in tigerreserves.

– Chief Ministers of tiger States addressedat the level of the Minister of State(Independent Charge) for Environment andForests on urgent issues, viz. implementationof the tripartite MOU, creation of the TigerConservation Foundation, stepping upprotection etc.

– Chief Ministers of States having tigerreserves affected by left wing extremismand low population status of tiger and itsprey addressed for taking specialinitiatives.

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– Field visits to Bhadra, Corbett, Sariska andRanthambhore made by the Minister ofState (Independent Charge) for Environmentand Forests to review the initiatives andproblems relating to tier conservation.

– Steps taken for modernizing theinfrastructure and field protection.

– Advisory issued for involvement of Non-Governmental Experts in the forthcomingall India tiger estimation.

– Core Committee involving outside expertsconstituted for overseeing the forthcomingall India tiger estimation.

– Report of the Special Investigation Team(STI) constituted for looking into the localextension of tiger in the Panna Tiger Reservesent to the State (Madhya Pradesh) for theneedful action.

– Issue of tiger farming and trafficking of tigerbody parts discussed at the level of Ministerof State (Independent Charge) forEnvironment and Forests with the ChineseAuthorities.

– Action taken for amending the Wildlife(Protection) Act to ensure effectiveconservation.

– Initiatives taken for improving the fielddelivery through capacity building of fieldofficials, apart from providing incentives.

– Decision taken to host the World TigerSummit in October-November, 2010.

Regulatory Acts/Rules governing the programand promulgation of new Acts, if any, alongwith the details

The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, isthe main regulatory Act governing theprogram. The said Act has been amended

in 2006 to provide a separate Chapter (IVB)for strengthening tiger conservation.

Budget allocation of the scheme during theyear and progress of expenditure

Details are given in Table- 9, Table-10and Table-11.

Implementing organization along with details

The Project is implemented in thedesignated tiger reserves through respectiveState Governments, as a Centrally SponsoredScheme.

Project Elephant


Project Elephant (PE) was launchedby the Government of India in the year1991-92 as a Centrally SponsoredScheme with following objectives:

– To protect elephants, their habitat& corridors

– To address issues of man- animalconflict

– Welfare of domesticated elephants

Financial and technical support isbeing provided to major elephant bearingStates in the country. The Project is beingmainly implemented in 13 States / UTs, viz.Andhra Pradesh , Arunachal Pradesh, Assam,Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya,Nagaland, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Uttrakhand,Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Small supportis also being given to Tripura, Maharashtraand Chhattisgarh.

Outlay /Expenditure during Five Year Plans(in Rs. crores) is given in Table-12.

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Important Initiatives taken during the year

– A Task Force on Project Elephant underthe Chairmanship of Dr. MaheshRangarajan, Professor, Department ofHistory, University of Delhi constituted onProject Elephant to provide detailedrecommendations to upgrade the projectto bring about more effective conservationand management regime for the speciesin India.

– Consultation held with affected states andMinistry of Railways in September 2009to minimize death of elephants in train

accidents. Needful initiatives have beentaken by the Railway Board.

– Consultation held with all Elephant Rangestates in November 2009 to mitigateelephant – human conflict. States advisedto take several short term and long termactions including preparation of ActionPlan.

– A two day workshop sponsored to WildlifeTrust of India ( WTI ) on securing elephantcorridors in Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh,held at Dehradun in July 2009 which wasattended by more than sixty participants

Sl. No.

Tiger Reserve Total Amount Released

1. Andhra Pradesh 94.9100 2. Arunachal Pradesh 48.8600 3. Assam 184.7700 4. Bihar 8.0000 5. Chhattisgarh 1,338.7000 6. Jharkhand 110.7350 7. Karnataka 644.9720 8. Kerala 281.1600 9. Madhya Pradesh 2,419.4460 10. Maharashtra 362.8770 11. Mizoram 2,171.0000 12. Orissa 170.0800 13. Rajasthan 10,694.1700 14. Tamil Nadu 240.5500 15. Uttarakhand 241.7050 16. Uttar Pradesh 414.4370 17. West Bengal 298.5500 Total 19,724.9260

Table-9. State wise release for Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Project Tiger, during2009-10 (as on 03.03.2010)

(Rs. in lakhs)

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Sl.No. Tiger Reserve State Total Amount Released 1. Nagarjunsagar Andhra Pradesh 94.9100 2. Namdhapa Arunachal Pradesh - 3. Pakke Arunachal Pradesh 48.8600 4. Kaziranga Assam 165.0000 5. Manas Assam - 6. Nameri Assam 19.7700 7. Valmiki Bihar 8.0000 8. Achanakmar Chhattisgarh 1,193.5000 9. Indravati Chhattisgarh 42.1500 10. Udanti-Sitanadi Chhattisgarh 103.0500 11. Palamau Jharkhand 110.7350 12. Bandipur Karnataka 161.6970 13. Bhadra Karnataka 128.0870 14. Dandeli Anshi Karnataka 144.3700 15. Nagarhole Karnataka 210.8180 16. Periyar Kerala 151.8000 17. Bandhavgarh Madhya Pradesh 159.9600 18. Kanha Madhya Pradesh 277.0600 19. Panna Madhya Pradesh 175.8950 20. Pench Madhya Pradesh 158.3200 21. Sanjay Dubri Madhya Pradesh 145.8400 22. Satpura Madhya Pradesh 1,502.3710 23. Melghat Maharashtra 155.1850 24. Pench Maharashtra 75.8720 25. Tadoba-Andheri Maharashtra 131.8200 26. Dampa Mizoram 2,171.0000 27. Satkosia Orissa 127.7300 28. Similipal Orissa 42.3500 29. Ranthambhore Rajasthan 10,560.0000 30. Sariska Rajasthan 134.1700 31. KMTR Tamil Nadu 138.4550 32. Mudumalai Tamil Nadu 51.8540 33. Corbett Tiger Uttarakhand 241.7050 34. Buxa West Bengal 38.5800 35. Sunderbans West Bengal 259.9700 36. I) Dudhwa Uttar Pradesh 285.9570 II) Katerniaghat Uttar Pradesh 128.4800 37. Anamalai Tamil Nadu 50.2450 38. Parambi Kulam Kerala 129.3600 Total 19724.93

Table-10. Reserve-wise release for Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Project Tiger, during 2009-10 (as on 03.03.2010)

(Rs.in lakhs)

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S. No. Budget Head BE

2009-10 RE

2009-10 Total

expenditure

Percentage expenditure

w.r.t. RE

Project Tiger Scheme

1. 3601 (assistance to States excluding North Eastern Region)

183.65 173.83 173.20 100%

2. 2552 (assistance to North Eastern Region)

55.30 24.30 24.05 99%

3. 2406 (National Tiger Conservation Authority)

1.18 6.00 0.80 13.35%

Total 240.13 204.13 198.05 97.02% Biodiversity Conservation and Rural Livelihood Improvement Project

1. 2406 BCRLIP 02.110.01.07. 1.00 0.40 0.131 32.75% 2. 3601 BCRLIP (EAP) 2.00 -- Nil Nil

Total 3.00 0.40 0.131 32.75%

Table-11. Plan Expenditure for Project Tiger Scheme during 2009-10(Rs. in crores)

Outlay Allotment Expenditure 8TH PLAN(92-97) 23 .00 20.75 19.51 9TH PLAN(97-02) 35.00 24.60 30.48 10TH PLAN (02-07) 71.00 67.25 63.83 11th Plan 81.99 2007-08 17.00 17.00 16.76 2008-09 20.00 21.50 21.47 2009-10 21.50 21.50 11.57 (upto Nov 09)

Table-12. Outlay /Expenditure during Five Year Plans(in Rs. crores)

including State , Railways and other officials,scientists and NGO’s. The workshop cameout with important resolutions.

– In order to enhance the capacity of Vetson elephant health care, a two weekTrainining of Trainees (TOT) sponsored toCollege of Veterinary Sciences, Assam

Agriculture University, Guwahati, whichheld in December 2009 at Guwahati andwas attended by about nineteen Vets fromacross the country.

– One more workshop has been sponsoredto Wildlife Trust of India (WTI) on securingelephant corridors of South India to be

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organized in Tamil Nadu in currentFinancial Year.

Estimation of Wild Elephants

All India estimation of wild elephantpopulation is done every five years. The trendof last four estimations clearly indicatesincrease in population of wild elephants inthe country. The result of last four estimationsare given in Table-13.

Elephant Reserves

With the notification of Uttar PradeshElephant reserve in the year 2009, the totalnumber of Elephant Reserves (ERs) in thecountry has become twenty seven where as

permission for five more Elephant Reserves-Baitarini ER & South Orissa ER in Orissa,Lemru & Badalkhod in Chattisgarh and KhasiER in Meghalaya has been accorded by theMinistry. The area under these would beextending over about 69582 sq km. The listof ERs with date of Notification and area isgiven in Table-14.

Animal Welfare


The Animal Welfare Division isentrusted with the implementation of theprovisions of the Prevention of Cruelty toAnimals Act, 1960 (59 of 1960). Plan

Fig-24. Elephant needs proper habitat

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Schemes are in operation for implementationof the statutory obligations under this Act.Two statutory bodies viz. Animal WelfareBoard of India (AWBI) and Committee for thePurpose of Supervision and Control of

Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) have alsobeen set up under this Act.

Activities relating to Animal Welfareare looked after by the Animal WelfareDivision of the Ministry of Environment and

ELEPHANT POPULATION REGION STATE 1993 1997 2002 2007

North-East Arunachal 2102 1800 1607 1690 Assam 5524 5312 5246 5281 Meghalaya 2872 1840 1868 1811 Nagaland 178 158 145 152 Mizoram 15 22 33 12 Manipur 50 30 12 Nil Tripura 100 70 40 59 West Bengal (North) 186 250 292 300-

350 Total for North-East

11027 9482 9243 9305-9355

East West Bengal (South) 14 26 36 25 Jharkhand 550 618 772 624 Orissa 1750 1800 1841 1862

Chattisgarh - - - 122 Total for East 2314 2444 2649 2633

North Uttarakhand ( * part of earstwhile UP )

828* 1130* 1582 1346

U.P. 47 70 85 380 Total for North 875 1200 1667 1726

South Tamilnadu 2307 2971 3052 3867 Karnataka 5500 6088 5838 4035 Kerala 3500 3600 3850 6068 Andhra Pradesh 46 57 74 28 Maharashtra - - - 7 Total for South 11353 12716 12814 14005 Islands Andaman &

Nicobar 35 35 40 NA

Grand Total 25604 25877 26413 27669-27719

Table-13. Estimated population of wild elephants

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Sl. No

.

Elephant Range Elephant Reserve w ith date of notification

State Total Area

(Sq. Km ) 1. M ayurjharna ER(24.10.02) W . Bengal 414 2. Singhbhum ER (26.9.01) Jharkhand 4530 3. M ayurbhanj ER (29.9.01) O rissa 3214 4. M ahanadi ER (20.7.02) O rissa 1038 5. Sambalpur ER (27.3.02) O rissa 427 6. Baitarni ER# O rissa 1755

I Eastern India (South W est Bengal- Jharkhand-O rissa)

7. South O rissa ER# O rissa 4216 8. Lem ru # Chattisgarh 450 9.Badalkhol-Tamorpingla - # Chattisgarh 1048.30

Total 17092.30 10. Kameng ER (19.6.02) Arunachal 1892 II North Brahamputra

(A runachal – Assam ) 11. Sonitpur ER (6.3.03) Assam 1420 Total 3312

12. Dihing-Patkai ER (17.4.03) Assam 937 III South Brahamputra (Assam - Arunachal) 13. South Arunachal ER

( 29-2 -08 ) Arunachal 1957.50

Total 2894.50 14. Kaziranga – Karbi Anglong ER (17.4.03)

Assam 3270

15. Dhansiri-Lungding ER (19.4.03) Assam 2740

IV Kaziranga (Assam - Nagaland)

16. Intanki ER (28.2.05) Nagaland 202 Total 6212

17. Chirang-Ripu ER (7.3.03) Assam 2600 V Eastern Dooars (Assam - W . Bengal) 18. Eastern Dooars ER (28.8.02) W . Bengal 978

Total 3578 19 Garo H ills ER (31.10.01) M eghalaya 3,500 VI E. H imalayas

(M eghalaya) 20. Khasi H ills ER# M eghalaya 1331 Total 4831

21. M ysore ER (25.11.02) Karnataka, 6724 22. W ayanad ER (2.4.02) Kerala 1200 23. N ilgiri ER (19.9.03) Tam ilnadu 4663

VII N ilgiri –Eastern Ghat (Karnataka- Kerala - Tam ilnadu-Andhra)

24. Rayala ER (9.12.03) Andhra 766 Total 13353

25. N ilambur ER (2.4.02) Kerala 1419 VIII South N ilgiri (Kerala - Tam ilnadu) 26. Coimbatore ER (19.9.03) Tam ilnadu 566

Total 1985 27. Anamalai ER (19.9.03) Tam ilnadu 1457 IX W estern Ghat

(Tam ilnadu- Kerala) 28. Anamudi ER (2.4.02) Kerala 3728 Total 5185

29. Periyar (2.4.02) Kerala 3742 X Periyar (Kerala - Tam ilnadu) 30. Srivilliputtur ER(19.9.03) Tam ilnadu 1249

Total 4991 31. Shivalik ER (28.10.02) U ttaranchal 5405 XI Northern India

(U ttaranchal-U .P.) 32. U ttar Pradesh ER ( 9.9.09) U.P. 744 Total 6149

TOTAL 69582.80

Table-14. Elephant Reserves in India

# Approved by Govt. of India, but not yet notified by the State Government.

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Forests with the mandate to prevent theinfliction of unnecessary pain or suffering onanimals. To accomplish this mission a three-pronged approach has been aopted asfollows:-

Regulatory

The main task of the division is toimplement the various provisions of Preventionof Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. Under thisAct, a number of Rules have also been framedfor various purposes.

Some of the important Rules framedare:

– Performing Animals (Registration) Rules,2001 as amended.

– Transport of Animals Rules, 1978, 2001&2009.

– Prevention of Cruelty (Slaughter Houses)Rules, 2001.

– Prevention of cruelty to Animals(Establishment and Regulation of Societyfor Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) Rules2001.

– Animal Birth Control (Dogs) Rules, 2001.

– Breeding of and Experiments on Animals(Control and Supervision) Rules, 1998 asamended.

Developmental

The Division provides financialassistance through the Animal Welfare Boardof India, for construction of Shelter House,Dispensaries etc. for stray, infirm andabandoned animals. It also gives grants forambulance and vehicles in connection withtreatment and transportation of sick, injuredand rescued animals. Another major

developmental programme is immunizationand sterilization of stray dogs.

Educational

Workshops, seminars and Conferencesare organized from time to time. Newslettersof AWBI also help in dissemination ofinformation. Information is also providedthrough the website of the Ministry.

Corresponding Outcomes

The following schemes are beingimplemented by Animal Welfare Board ofIndia:-

– Scheme for provision of AmbulanceServices to Animals in Distress

– Scheme for Animal Birth Control andImmunization of stray dogs

– Scheme for Relief to Animals during NaturalCalamities and unforeseen Circumstances

– Scheme for Provision of Shelter houses foranimals

– Animal Welfare Board of India Plan Scheme

Animal Welfare Division handles followingtwo schemes:

– Committee for Purpose of Control andSupervision of Experiments on Animals(CPCSEA)

– National Institute of Animal Welfare (NIAW)

Description of Schemes Implemented by theAWBI

Scheme for provision of Ambulance Servicesto Animals in Distress

Under this Scheme, Ambulance/Rescue Vehicles are provided to the NGOs/AWOs/ Gaushalas working in the field of

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animal welfare. The ambulance services areto be used for the following purposes:

– to ensure that immediate treatment / firstaid is given to sick, injured stray /abandoned animals;

– to act as an outreach to help the poorpeople whose animals are involved inaccidents or affected with disease and areimmobile;

– to act as mobile clinic to hold camps whereanimals in a village can be vaccinated andtreated;

– to pick up unwanted or hostile animals fromhuman habitations;

– to implement the ABC/AR programme bycollecting dogs and then releasing themafter sterilization and immunization;

Under this scheme the NGOs/AWOs/Gaushalas are assisted to the extent of 90%project cost for purchase of a suitable vehicleand equipment, modifications and fittingsthereon. The maximum amount of grant-in-aid is limited to Rs. 3.50 lakhs for purchaseof the vehicle and Rs. 1.00 lakhs forequipment, modification and fittings thereon.

Scheme for Animal Bir th Control andImmunization of stray dogs

Keeping in view the overpopulation ofstray dogs throughout the country and alsothe increase of human / animal deaths dueto Rabies, this scheme was being implementedby the Ministry of Environment & Forests butnow it has been transferred to the Board tofacilitate sterilization and immunization ofstray dogs through the NGOs including SPCAsthroughout the country. The LocalGovernments/Municipal bodies are also

showing increased keenness to becomestakeholders in the programme. After thisscheme has been transferred to the Board,the local bodies are also applying to the Boardfor financial assistance. There is a urgent needto expand this scheme to cover more Metros& rural areas to address the issue effectively.

Under the scheme, the norms forfinancial assistance are at Rs. 370/- per dogfor pre & post operative care includingmedicines & ARV and Rs. 75/- per dog forcatching and relocation of dog (Total Rs. 445/- per dog). AWBI has proposed “Rabies freeIndia” programme to he taken up for next 10years. At Present, Ministry has taken up thematter with the Planning commission toenhance the allocation under existingABCScheme.

Scheme for Relief to Animals during NaturalCalamities and Unforeseen Circumstances

We face natural calamities every yearin the form of floods, cyclones, droughts andearthquakes. In such circumstances there isan immediate requirement for the provisionof relief to affected animals by providingfodder, adequate shelter, medical attentionotherwise the animals would perish. In therecent past, there was severe drought in thestates of U.P., Bihar, Madhya Pradesh,Jharkhand and floods in the States ofKarnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Northeastern states.

Also large number of animals areillegally transported and slaughtered inviolation of the Prevention of Cruelty toAnimals Act, 1960 and Rules and Regulationsin force. Emergency services have to beprovided to such rescued animals and also

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animals rescued from various organizations,circuses etc. The above scheme provides forthis.

It is proposed to extend financialassistance to AWOs, State Governments/UTs,local bodies working in the affected areas forproviding relief to the animals affected duringnatural calamities and for relief of animalsrescued from illegal transportation, slaughter,circuses etc.

Scheme for Provision of Shelter Houses foranimals

There are a large number of animalsin our country without proper shelter speciallyin Goshalas. A number of them are not caredfor and arc left in the streets, either woundedor suffering from various diseases. Thoughthere are shelter houses operating at variousplaces, their number is not adequate and thefacilities provided are insufficient. This schemeendeavours to fill this gap and providerequisite services for the care and protectionof uncared animals by making provisionfor establishment and maintenance ofshelter houses to various NGOs, AWOs,Goshalas etc.

Under this Scheme, the AWOs areassisted to the extent of 90% of the projectcost of the construction of a shelter housewith a ceiling of Rs. 25 lakhs including 10%contribution to be made by the AWOs. Theamount is released in two equal installments.

AWBI Plan

The Plan account proposals relate toprovision of assistance for the following typeof activities:

– Financial assistance to Animal Welfare

Organisations for holding animals indistress and their treatment.

– Humane Education Programmesimplemented directly by the Board as wellas support to AWOs for this purpose.

– Capital expenditure at the Board’sHeadquarters i.e. expenditure on non-recurring items such as purchase of Assets/equipments.

– Expenditure on a variety of other animalwelfare activities such as Rescue of Cattlefrom illegal smuggling and transportation,rehabilitation of rescued circus animals. LabAnimals, inspections. Legal expenses inconnection with court cases pertaining toanimal welfare. A large proportion of thePlan funds arc allocated to the nearly 2700NGOs / Goshalas/ SPCAs & AWOs thathave been recognized by the Board. Suchfunding is made available subject to theNGOs fulfilling the requisite conditions forseeking grants.

Schemes handled by Animal Welfare Division

Committee for Purpose of Control &Supervision of Experiments on Animals(CPCSEA)

The main objective of the Preventionof Cruelty to Animals Act (PCA), 1960 is toprevent infliction of unnecessary pain orsuffering on animals. Accordingly, theCommittee for Purpose of Control andSupervision of Experiments on Animals(CPCSEA) has been constituted underprovisions of Section 15 of this Act. The Actprovides for the duties and powers of theCPCSEA. and also penalties, in event ofcontravention of orders made, or conditions

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imposed by the Committee. The mandate ofthe Committee is to ensure that whileconducting various types of experiments, inconnection with medical research oreducation, animals are not subjected toavoidable pain or suffering. The CPCSEAfunctions within the ambit of the PCA Act,and Rules frame under it e.g. Rules forBreeding of and Experiments on Animals(Control and Supervision), 1998 as amended.

CPCSEA has been reconstituted on19.10.2006 as a committee of experts fromseveral areas, including medicine, veterinaryscience, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology,biostatistics, animal behavior and ethics. Atotal of 1313 institutions have been registeredby CPCSEA and 492 CPCSEA nominees havebeen appointed to assist the Committee in itsfunctions. During this financial year, fiveCPCSEA meeting has been conductedwherein more than one hundred ninety twoproject proposals on large animals have beenconsidered and one hundred twenty one havebeen approved and six large animal housefacilities have been approved. One NationalConference of CPCSEA was conducted in Dr.MCRHRD Institute of Andhra Pradesh in themonth of January and financial aid was givento ADRI, Lucknow to conduct Conference onAnimal Ethics. National conference ofCPCSEA was held in Delhi on 15th January,2010 also.

National Institute of Animal Welfare (NIAW)

The National Institute of AnimalWelfare (NIAW) has been set up as asubordinate office of the Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests. The objective ofNIAW is to impart training and education in

Animal Welfare on a diversified basiscomprising, among other things, animalmanagement, their behaviour and ethics. Theaim is to create an enabling environment forfulfillment of the statutory requirements as laiddown in the Prevention of Cruelty to AnimalsAct, 1960.

NIAW has been conceptualized as anapex body in the field of animal welfare andits broad mandate covers the need to improveanimal welfare through education, researchand public outreach. The Institute has beenoperational since January, 2006 and theprocess of appointment of faculty isunderway.. The Institute is expected to evolveas a premier body with international stature,with participation of faculty / trainees fromother countries.

The work of designing and running inservice and other short term training courseswas assigned to Ed. CIL, a public sectorenterprise under the Ministry of HumanResource Development, on turnkey basis. Thecourses have commenced from 2.1.2006 andin-service courses of duration of one/two/four weeks are underway as per schedule.The institute has successfully completed morethan eighty training programme for differentstakeholders (NGO personnel, VeterinaryDoctors, Students, Animal handlers etc) tilldate. The training work is presently undertakenwith the help of experts/guest faculty by theAnimal Welfare Division itself. The other majorinitiative taken for practical training , capacitybuilding and Clinical skill up gradation ofVeterinary Doctors and Para Veterinary staffthrough Project Vet-train under collaborationwith renowned NGO namely Vet BeyondBorder, Australia . Pilot phase of “Project Vet

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train” has successfully completed in which 6training programme has compeleted. Hon’bleMinister has already approved in principlefor implementation of the Phase 2 of thisproject.

As per the Guidelines of VCI, theinternship training programme for 2009-10will commence from Jan to July 2010, fordifferent Universities (G.B.Pant, Mathura,Andhra Pradesh’s Rajendra Nagar, Tirupatiand Gannavaram). Also four hundred studentswill be provided “Internship training” beforetheir award of B.Vsc Degree. Now the tenderprocess of training work has assigned toM/s AITD, who will start their work fromFeb, 2010.

A Steering Committee has been set upunder the Chairmanship of Secretary (E&F)to review the modalities of operation of NIAWand to facilitate constant review of thefunctioning of the Institute. Apart from officialsof the Ministry, the Steering Committeecomprises of DG (CSIR) or his representative.Member Secretary (CZA), Animal HusbandryCommissioner. Ministry of Agriculture and arepresentative of the Ministry of Informationand Broadcasting. The last meetings of theSteering Committee has been held inJune,2008.

Policy issues and possible options

The Ministry proposes to lay emphasison animal welfare activities during the 11thPlan period inter-alia in terms of:

– Greater sensitization of all categoriesof agencies / institutions regarding theneed for compl iance wi th animalwelfare laws.

– Dissemination of information through

Ministry’s website (www.envfor.nic.in)and under the Right to InformationAct. 2005.

– Streamlining of procedures to facilitatecompliance with extant laws andprocedures and as a measure of goodgovernance.

– Opening up a meaningful dialogue withall affected constituents in a transparentmanner to facilitate policy changeswherever required.

– Continuing the efforts to ensure thatNational Institute of Animal Welfare (NIAW)grows in a stature and evolves into aprestigious body with internationalpresence.

– Recognition of the need to provide a firminstitutional basis to statutory bodies suchas the CPCSEA.

– Recognition of the need for setting outimproved evaluation parameters to assessthe performance of ongoing AnimalWelfare Schemes.

– Improvement in management of AnimalWelfare Schemes as a part of the E-Governance initiative of the Ministry ofEnvironment &Forests.

– Focus on enhancing public awareness ofanimal welfare issues through greater roleof media and audio visual aids, as alsoorganizing direct outreach programmes,workshops and seminars.

– Greater par t icipation in variousinternational forum to ensure a prominentrole for India in shaping the internationalpolicy perspective on animal welfareissues.

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Programme issues and possible options

The thrust areas that require focusduring the year 2009-2010 are describedbelow:

Rabies is one of the most dreadfulinfectious diseases affecting both humanbeings and animals. Rabies is prevalentthroughout India except the islands ofLakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar buthas a low public health priority. Consideringthat Rabies is fully preventable disease andthe huge expenditure incurred on post-exposure vaccination both in humans aswell as animals, there is an urgent need tocontrol and finally eradicate this dreadeddisease from India as has been achievedby several European countries as well asSouth East Asian countries like Malaysiaand Singapore.

The AWBI is currently the only agencywhich is involved with controlling thepopulation of stray/community dogs throughits Animal Birth Control (ABC) Programmeand administering anti-rabies vaccinations(ARV) to them in some metros of the country.At present approximately 1,00,000 dogs aresterilized/immunized which is grosslyinadequate, given the population of streetdogs about 20 Million. Under the AnimalBirth Control scheme, the norms for financialassistance are at Rs. 370/- per dog for pre& post operative care including medicines &ARV and Rs. 75/- per dog for catching andrelocation of dog (Total Rs. 445/- per dog).AWBI has requested to enhance the presentcost of sterilization of dogs from Rs.445/- toRs.800/- to adopt latest technique and lesstime to recover the animal.

WHO has also recommendedcontrolling the population of dogs throughABC/AR programme rather than killing them,which is inhumane and does not go well withour cultural ethos of love & compassion foranimals. This policy also supports rules underPrevention of Cruelty to Animals Act. 1960.(ABC Dogs Rules-2001).

An ambitious programme (Rabies freeIndia) of this nature will require appropriatesupport from the Planning Commission.Projections for supporting this programmehave been made in the following manner:

– Central Sector Schemes - Provision of ShelterHouses for Animals. Provision forAmbulance services to Animals in Distressand Animal Birth Control & Immunizationof Stray Dogs will support enhanced ABCoperations. Thus additional allocations forthese three Central Sector Schemes areproposed on these grounds.

– Plan Fund heads - Humane Education andAwareness, Oral Anti Rabies Vaccinations,Capacity Building, Research andMonitoring will support other elements ofthe Rabies Control Programme as describedin the preceding paragraphs. Proposedallocations for these have been modeledon the basis of needs of the Rabies ControlProgramme as well as ongoing animalwelfare activities in the country that are inaddition to the Rabies control Programme.

– Capacity Building Gaushalas & ABC

The country’s large population of stray /abandoned cattle is supported by a networkof Gaushalas and Pinjrapoles, which arein turn provided several types of supportby the AWBI. A number of these Gaushalas

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were set up by philanthropists andindividuals and groups, which, thoughcommitted to the cause of animal welfaredid not necessarily have the managementand other capacities required for effectivefunctioning. It is therefore desirable thatthe AWBI should undertake a special driveover the year 2010-11 to modernizeGaushalas and provide requisite trainingto Gaushala personnel. Similarly theVeterinary Doctors/ Para Veterinary staff/Animal Handlers are trained to undertakethe new technique of Surgery.

CPCSEA

During the 2009-10, it is proposed tostep up the level of activities undertaken byCPCSEA in terms of

– Expansion in the coverage of Institutions,which are registered with CPCSEA;

– Emphasis on inspections of animal housefacilities throughout the country;

– Appointment of larger number of nominees,who are on board the Institutional AnimalsEthics Committees of various institutions;

– Imparting training to these CPCSEAnominees;

– Increasing the focus on public outreach byway of publications, media coverage andseminars, with special emphasis on thescientific community, which relies on use ofanimals in experimentation.

– Undertaking the IEC activities (Seminar andother awareness programme)

National Institute of Animal Welfare (NIAW)

The activities of the Institute are

expected to grow significantly during year2009-10 in following areas:

– Scope and number of trainings.

– Practical training for capacity building andClinical up gradation ol’ VeterinaryDoctors/ Para Veterinary staff

– Introduction of specialized training in aphased manner with induction of facultyinstallation of equipment, upgradation offacilities (including provision for new hostels)as also functioning of an animal hospitaland first-aid service through Mobile clinic.

– Activities to undertake Information,communication and Education to all thestakeholders.

Formulation of Standards and PerformanceMonitoring

There are nearly 2,700 NGOsaffiliated to AWBI, out of which nearly 1,000are provided regular financial support by theBoard for a variety of activities. The grantsrange from a few thousand to several lakhs.A strong need is felt for improved assessmentand performance monitoring of these groupson the basis of standards, indicators andcriteria that are rooted in scientific and animalwelfare good practices.Though the Boarddoes inspect each group upon receiving grantapplications, it is proposed to streamline andprofessionalize this process.

A two stage approach is proposed forthis comprising of developing appropriatestandards for the functioning of various animalwelfare groups. Building on such standards,it is further proposed to develop a professionalpanel of referees who will be trained inmonitoring and evaluation techniques. Finally,

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a comprehensive monitoring and evaluationplan (M&E) will be developed that will includedetails of monitoring schedules, frequencies,methodologies, and analysis. Ministry hasformulated a committee to undertake themethods of evaluation related with theschemes undertaken by AWBI.

The evaluation report of the TANUVAShas been accepted by the Ministry. Thecorrective steps suggested by the cvaluatorsshall be followed by the implementing agencyfor successful implementation of the project.

Summary of findings/recommendations ofevaluation done for schemes and also theneed for restructuring/redesigning theschemes

The Ministry has appointed anIndependent Evaluation Agency to evaluatethe following ongoing Animal WelfareSchemes

– Scheme for Provision of Ambulance Servicesto Animals Distress.

– Scheme for Animal Bir th Control &Immunization of Stray Dogs.

– Scheme for Relief to Animals during NaturalCalamities and Unforeseen Circumstances.

– Scheme for Provision of Shelter Houses forAnimals.

Purposes

– To assess overall outcome, impact as wellas effectiveness.

– To improve the quality of implementation

– To determine continued relevance of theschemes.

A detailed discussion on the findingof Evaluation agency is going on. It will befinalized with the acceptance of all thestakeholders.

National Institute of Animal Welfare(NIAW) is in initial stages of implementationand independent evaluation would bepremature at this stage.

CPCSEA is a statutory committee setup under the provision of Section 15 ofPrevention of Cruelty to Animal Act, 1960,and functions as a regulatory body. Since thefunctioning of this committee relates toregistration of institute, inspection andapproval of animal house facilities and caseby case approval of proposal for use ofanimals in experimentation, independentevaluation is not considered necessary.

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CHAPTER – 3

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTASSESSMENT

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Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)

Environment Impact Assessment Notification2006

The rapid industrial development inthe country has increased manifold, thechances of adversely affecting the environmentunless timely, adequate, corrective andprotective mitigative measures are taken tominimize or neutralize those adverse impactson environment. The Ministry of Environmentand Forests has used Environment ImpactAssessment Notification 2006 as a tool toregulate rapid industrial development of thecountry for minimizing the adverse impact onenvironment and reversing the trends whichmay lead to climate change in long run.

In the re-engineered EnvironmentImpact Assessment (EIA) Notification ofSeptember 2006, projects were categorizedinto category ‘A’ and category ‘B’ dependingon their threshold capacity and likely pollutionpotential and were appraised for priorenvironmental clearance at the Central andthe State level respectively. Further thenotification provided for screening, scoping,public consultation and appraisal. Forappraisal of category ‘B’ projects andactivities, State Level Environment ImpactAssessment Authorities (SEIAAs) and StateExpert Appraisal Committees (SEACs) havebeen constituted.

Amended EIA Notification 2009

With a view to further simplify theprocedure for obtaining the environmentalclearance without compromising or dilutingthe regulatory framework, the EIA notificationhas been amended in December, 2009. Theamended EIA Notification of December, 2009

provides for exemption of biomass basedpower plants up to fifteen MW, power plantsbased on non hazardous municipal solidwastes and power plants based on wasteheat recovery boilers without using auxiliaryfuel.

Environmental Clearance to DevelopmentalProjects

As per the provisions of the EIANotification 2006, several meetings of theExpert Appraisal Committees were convenedby the Ministry during the year for appraisalof “A” category projects from sectors ofindustry, thermal power, infrastructure, rivervalley, mining and “B” category projects fromconstruction sector where State EnvironmentImpact Assessment Authority has not beenconstituted. As part of appraisal process theExpert Appraisal Committees also visitedproject sites for obtaining first handinformation about the ground level realitiesand response of people living in the vicinity.The environmental clearance was accordedto five hundred forty eight projects and Termof Reference (TOR) to six hundred twenty fourprojects (up to December, 2009). Table-15gives sectorwise list of environmentalclearances and TOR issued to the projects bythe Ministry.

Constitution of State Environment ImpactAssessment Authorities (SEIAA)

The Ministry has constituted so fartwenty three State/UT level EnvironmentImpact Assessment Authorities (SEIAAs) undersub-section (3) of section 3 of the Environment(Protection) Act, 1986 for appraisal of all ‘B’category projects and activities notified inthe EIA Notification 2006. During the yearSEIAA for Chandigarh UT has been

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constituted. Table-16 gives complete list ofSEIAA’s constituted in the States/UTs till date.

Consequent upon the constitution ofSEIAAs, the Ministry had transferred ‘B’

Table-15. Status of Environment Clearance and TOR issued to Developmental Projects (April2009- December 2009)

Sectors Industry Thermal River

Valley M ining Infrastructure

&M iscellaneous

Construction and

Industrial Estate

Total Status of Projects

EC TOR EC TOR EC TOR EC TOR EC TOR EC TOR Cleared 322 299 30 53 10 39 77 143 57 84 52 6 548 624 Pending 65 169 30 47 26 – 81 70 53 1 33 1 288 288 Rejected/ Returned

16 2 40 N il 2 60

Note: EC – Environment Clearance, TOR – Terms of Reference

S. No. Name of States / UTs Date of Notification

1 W est Bengal 13.4.2007 2 M eghalaya 23.7.2007 3 Karnataka 11.6.2007 4 Gujarat 12.6.2007 5 Andhra Pradesh 5.7.2007 6 U ttar Pradesh 12.7.2007 7 Daman, D iu & Nagar Haveli * 11.10.2007 8 Himachal Pradesh 11.11.2007 9 Punjab 19.11.2007 10 Puducherry 13.12.2007 11 M adhya Pradesh 8.1.2008 12 Jammu & Kashmir 8.1.2008 13 Chhattisgarh 29.1.2008 14 Tamil Nadu 3.3.2008 15 Arunanchal Pradesh 27.3.2008 16 M aharashtra 21.4.2008 17 Haryana 21.4.2008 18 Rajasthan 30.7.2008 19 Delhi 30.7.2008 20 U ttarakhand 22.9. 2008 21 Orissa 18.11.2008 22 Sikkim 8.7.2008 23 Chandigarh (UT) 21.8.2009

* One SEIAA constituted for two UTs

Table-16. Constitution of State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authorities (SEIAAs)

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category projects pertaining to all the sectorsto the respective SEIAAs for their considerationfor prior environmental clearance. The twentythree State level Environment ImpactAssessment Authorities (SEIAAs) accordedenvironmental clearance to seven hundredfifty nine projects in the year 2009 (up toDecember 2009).

Post Project Monitoring of EnvironmentClearance Conditions

Monitoring of projects with respect toconditions stipulated in the environmentalclearance issued under EIA Notification 2006and Coastal Regulation Zone 1991 is carriedout through the six Regional Offices. Themonitoring report is scrutinized in the Ministryand on that basis appropriate action is

contemplated under the Environment(Protection) Act, 1986 for violation ofenvironmental clearance conditions. Aprocedure has been laid down for issuingshowcause notice, closure of industry etc. inSeptember 2009 which is placed on thewebsite of the Ministry.

Interaction Meeting with SEIAA’s

Two interaction meetings with thestakeholders were organized in the year2009-10 at Guwahati and Chandigarh todiscuss various issues per taining toprocedures and difficulties faced by theSEIAA’s.

Preparation of EIA-Sector Specific Manuals

The Ministry of Environment and

Fig-25. A panoramic view of Gangotri

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Forests is in the process of preparation ofthirty seven EIA manuals on sector specificdevelopmental projects, which are listed inthe Schedule to the EIA Notification 2006.The MoEF had uploaded Model TORsprepared for twenty of these sectors on theMoEF website inviting comments of variousstakeholders involved in the environmentalclearance (EC) process consisting ofScreening, Scoping, Public Consultation andAppraisal of projects for the purpose ofgranting and expediting environmentalclearance received under the EnvironmentImpact Assessment (EIA) Notification 2006.These draft Manuals would serve as GuidanceManuals to various Sector specific ExpertAppraisal Committees at the Centre and toState/UT Environment Impact AssessmentAuthorities (SEIAAs) and State Level ExpertAppraisal Committees (SEACs) in the variousStates, who have been assigned the task ofscreening, scooping and appraisal of projectsof various sectors for grant of environmentalclearance. The Manuals on each Sector wouldhelp in standardization of the quality ofappraisal and in reducing inconsistencies inappraisal of projects by EACs/SEACs/SEIAAsin granting ECs for similar projects at theCentral and State level. The Manuals for eachsector also include Model TORs, technologicaloptions, processes for a cleaner production,waste minimization, monitoring ofenvironmental quality, related regulations, andprocedure of obtaining EC if linked to otherclearances for eg., CRZ, etc. The job ofpreparation of Manuals for thirty seven Sectorslisted in the Schedule has been given to twoinstitutions, namely Administrative StaffCollege of India (ASCI) and IL&FSS EcosmartLtd. Draft Final Manuals of fifteen Sectors havebeen prepared so far.

Accredition of the EIA consultants with QualityCouncil of India (QCI)/National AccreditionBoard of Education and Training (NABET)

The Environmental Appraisal ofDevelopment Projects is undertaken as perthe provisions of the Environment ImpactAssessment Notification, 2006 based on theEIA/EMP Reports prepared by the projectproponents in assistance with theirConsultants. The good quality EIA Reportsare pre-requisite for improved decisionmaking. Therefore, all the Consultants/ PublicSector Undertakings (PSUs) working in thearea of Environment Impact Assessment arerequired to get themselves registered underthe scheme of Accredition and Registrationof the National Accredition Board ofEducation and Training (NABET) and theQuality Council of India (QCI) by 30th June,2010. No EIA/EMP Reports prepared by suchConsultants who are not registered withNABET/QCI shall be considered by theMinistry after 30th June, 2010. Afteraccredition, the Consultants would need toinclude a certificate in this regard in EIA/EMP Reports prepared by them and dataprovided by other Organisations/Laboratories including their status of approvalsetc. The EIA Consultants are advised to seefurther clarification on the subject through thewebsite of NABET/QCI (www.qcin.org)

Coastal Management Zone (CMZ)Notification, 2008

The Ministry had issued the draftCoastal Management Zone (CMZ)Notification, 2008 under Environment(Protection) Act, 1986 inviting comments fromthe public. On the draft CMZ Notification

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large number of comments was received. Toexamine these comments the Ministryconstituted a four member Committee underthe chairmanship of Prof. M.S. Swaminathanon 15th June, 2009. The Committee submittedits report on 15th July, 2009 after holdingdetailed discussions with the concernedstakeholders. The major recommendations ofthe Committee included, (i) to let the draftCoastal Management Zone Notification,2008 lapse, (ii) stringent implementation ofthe Coastal Regulation Zone Notification,1991 and use of space technology –enabledenforcement of the provisions of thenotification, (iii) enhance protection of

fishermen communities, (iv) introduceregulations to manage the proliferation ofports along the coasts, (v) tighter standardsfor disposal of effluents in to coastal waters,(vi) new management regimes for Andaman,Nicobar and lakshdweep Islands, (vii) includethe seaward side to insure protection fromcurrent and future threats, (viii) measures tostrengthen research and regulatory capacity,(ix) introduce policies keeping in view thefuture dangers from sea level rise andincreased vulnerability of the coasts.

The Ministry has accepted therecommendations of the Report and initiatedsteps for implementing the same. Further, the

Fig-26. Protection structure to prevent coastal erosion

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Ministry has also held consultations with thefishermen communities at Mumbai, Goa andChennai. Further, consultations in other Stateswill be held between January to March 2010.Based on the discussions and taking in toaccount the recommendations of the Prof. M.S.Swaminathan Committee as indicated above,the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification willbe further strengthened.

Integrated Coastal Management Zone (ICMZ)project of World Bank

An Integrated Coastal Zone Management(ICZM) project of World Bank has beeninitiated with financial assistance from theWorld Bank which has following three majorcomponents:

(i) Vulnerability and Ecologically SensitiveArea Mapping;

(ii) National Institute Building and CapacityStrengthening;

(iii) Development and Implementation of StateLevel approaches to Integrated CoastalZone Management on pilot scale in theStates of Gujarat, West Bengal andOrissa.

The project is under implementationand studies have been initiated relating toMethodology for mapping and delineationof ecologically sensitive areas, managementeffectiveness of coastal zone environmentalprojects etc. The project preparation facilitieshave been established at MoEF and in thethree States where pilot studies have beeninitiated. The project is at present in ProjectPreparation Facility mode under whichDetailed Report for each of the componenthave been prepared. EFC Memo for the above

projects has been drafted for further necessaryapprovals.

Ecologically Sensitive Areas

Introduction

Environmentally Sensitive Zones maybe defined as areas with identifiedenvironmental resources having“Incomparable Values” which require specialattention for their conservation. The Ministryhas already notified ecologically-sensitiveareas in respect of Matheran, Mahableshwar-Panchgani, Doon Valley, Taj Trapezium,Numaligarh, Aravalli and Dhanu Taluka underthe Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. ZonalMaster Plan / Area Development Plan for allnotified / to be notified environmentallysensitive areas would be prepared by theconcerned State Governments as per theprovisions of the said respective draftnotifications involving local communities /experts and got approved by the Ministry forregulating development activities andprotection and conservation of Entities ofIncomparable Values. Monitoring Committeeswith representatives of Government, Expertsand local representatives as per thenotifications would be constituted to ensurecompliance of approved Zonal Master Plans/Area Development Plan.

Objectives

a) In order to conserve and enhance theseresources, without impending legitimatesocio-economic development of theseareas, the following actions will be taken:

- Identify and give legal status toEnvironmentally Sensitive Zones inthe country having environmentalentities with “Incomparable values”

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requiring special conservationefforts.

- Formulate development plans forthese zones on a specific basis, withadequate participation by the localcommunities.

- Create local institutions withadequate participation for theenvironmental management of suchareas, to ensure adherence to theapproved area development plans,which should be prepared inconsultation with the localcommunities.

b) Adopt “best practice” norms forinfrastructure construction in mountainregions to avoid or minimize damage tosensitive ecosystems and despoiling oflandscapes.

Programmes / achievements made during theyear

– The Final Notification to declare Mount Abu(Rajasthan) as Eco-Sensitive Zone has beenpublished in the Gazette of India. TheMonitoring Committee has been constitutedfor the same.

– Areas around National Parks / Sanctuariesin Haryana are considered for thedeclaration as Eco-Sensitive Zones and theDraft Notifications in respect of Kalesar

National Park, Kalesar Wildli feSanctuary, Khol Hi Raitan WildlifeSanctuary, Bir Shikargarh WildlifeSanctuary, Nahar Wildlife Sanctuary,Chhilchhila Wildli fe Sanctuary,Abubshaher Wildli fe Sanctuary,Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary andKhaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary have beenpublished in the Gazette of India. HaryanaState Government and local stakeholdershave been made aware of the Notification.

– Areas around National Parks / SanctuariesinAssam are considered for the declarationas Eco-Sensitive Zones and the DraftNotifications in respect of KazirangaNational Park, Bordoibam Beelmukh BirdSanctuary and Panidehing WildlifeSanctuary are in process.

– Areas around Nationa Parks / Sanctuariesin Gujarat are considered for thedeclaration as Eco-Sensitive Zones and theDraft Notification in respect of GirnarWildlife Sanctuary, Narayan SarovarSanctuary, Purna Wildlife Sanctuary are inprocess.

– Pachmari (Madhya Pradesh) is in variousstages of being notified as Eco-SensitiveZone.

– Monitoring Committees for Matheran andMahabaleshwar–Panchgani have beenreconstituted.

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CHAPTER – 4

ABATEMENT OFPOLLUTION

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Control of Pollution

Introduction

The concern for environmental qualityhas become the top most issue in the presentscenario of rising population increasingurbanization, industrial and vehicularpollution as well as pollution of watercourses due to discharge of effluents withoutconforming to the environmental norms andstandards. Realising this trend of pollutionin various environmental media like air,water, soil, etc. the Ministry earlier adoptedPolicy for Abatement of Pollution in 1992,which provides multi-pronged strategies inthe form of regulations, legislation,agreements, fiscal incentives and othermeasures to prevent and abate pollution.To give effect to various measures andpolicies for pollution control, various stepshave been initiated which, include stringentregulations, development of environmentalstandards & periodical revision therein,control of vehicular pollution, control of air& water pollution, spatial environmentalplanning, identification of critically pollutedareas and improvement plans therein, etc.The Government also adopted NationalConservation Strategy, 1992 and PolicyStatement on Environment andDevelopment, 1992. Afterwards, theGovernment adopted the NationalEnvironment Policy (NEP- 2006) which seeksto extend the coverage, and fill in gaps thatstill exists, in light of present knowledgeand accumulated experience. This policydoes not displace, but builds on the earlierpolicies of the Government. It lays emphasison many new issues.

Progress of Activities Undertaken undervarious programmes is as follows:

Control of Air Pollution

– The air pollution and the resultant air qualitycan be attributed to emissions fromtransportation, i.e. road, rail and airways,industrial and domestic activities. The airquality has been, therefore, an issue ofsocial concern in the backdrop of variousdevelopmental activities. The norms forambient air quality have been revisited andvarious industry specific emissionsstandards are evolved afresh or revisitedand notified from time to time. For controlof air pollution, with a view to initiate policymeasures and to prepare ambient airquality management plans, three hundredsixty five ambient air quality monitoringstations are operational covering onehundred forty one cities/towns in twentysix States and five Union Territories.Presently, only the criteria pollutants namely;sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxides(NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM10 )are monitored by the Pollution ControlBoards, Pollution Control Committees,Universities and Research Institutes. Besides,additional parameters for other toxic tracematters and polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons are also being monitored inselected cities of the country. Installation ofautomatic air quality monitoring stations isundertaken for twenty nine cities forcontinuous monitoring. Out of which thecontinuous monitoring has been introducedin thirteen cities namely; Agra, Kanpur,Varanasi, Lucknow, Mumbai, Bangalore,Howrah, Durgapur, Haldia, Kolkata, Pune,Solapur and Hyderabad, so far apart fromDelhi. Twenty three manual monitoring

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stations have been added in the networkduring the 2009-10.

– The monitored ambient air quality datawhile comparing with revised (NAAQS)indicates that the annual average levels ofSulphur Dioxide (SO2) are within theprescribed air quality norms in all citiesand that of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) arewithin norms in most of the cities. However,the levels of fine particulate matter (PM10)exceed the prescribed norms in many citiesincluding Delhi.

Assistance for Abatement of Pollution

– Under this scheme, grants are beingprovided to the State Pollution ControlBoards/UT Pollution Control Committees,Environment Departments, Central/StateResearch Institutes, and other governmentagencies/organizations with the aim ofstrengthening their technical capabilities toachieve the objectives of the PolicyStatement. Assistance is also provided toNorth Eastern Pollution Control Boards &Pollution Control Committees as salarysupport for the technical staff. In addition,support is also extended for undertakingprojects for Abatement of Pollution.

– During the 11th Plan period, financial outlayis to the tune of Rs. 45.00 crore and thefinancial allocation for the current financialyear is Rs. 5.00 crore.

– Financial assistance has been extended tofifteen State Pollution Control Boards/UTPollution Control Committees during thefinancial year.

Auto Fuel Policy

– The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas(MoP & NG), Government of India has

enunciated an Auto Fuel Policy which aimsto comprehensively and holistically addressthe issues of vehicular emissions, vehiculartechnologies and auto fuel quality in a cost-efficient manner while ensuring the securityof fuel supply. The Government has alsopublished Gazette Notification vide G.S.R.84(E) on 9th February 2009 for introducingBharat Stage IV and III norms, asapplicable, for new vehicles in selectedcities. The Policy objectives include ensuringsustainable, safe, affordable anduninterrupted supply of auto fuels; optimumutilization of infrastructure for import ofcrude and crude products, processing andproduction, and the storage andtransportation; assessing the future trendsin emissions and air quality requirementsfrom view point of public health; adoptingsuch vehicular emission standards that willbe able to make a decisive impact on airquality etc. The Policy provides for a roadmap for reduction in vehicular emissionnorms for new vehicles as well as forreduction of pollution from in-use vehicles.It also sets standards for quality of fuel andother kits. The road map for new vehiclesgiven in Table -17.

Source Apportionment Studies

– Due to multiplicity and complexity of airpolluting sources, apportionment ofcontribution to ambient air pollution fromthese sources is important for planning costeffective pollution control strategies. In viewof this, a study on “Air Quality Assessment,Emission Inventory/Source ApportionmentStudies for Indian Cities” has beenundertaken by the Government.

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– To evaluate contribution from varioussources to air quality, Source ApportionmentStudy (SAS) has been completed for sixcities namely; Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai,Mumbai, Pune and Kanpur involving theinstitutions like National EnvironmentalEngineering Research Institute (NEERI),Nagpur, The Energy and Resources Institute(TERI), New Delhi, Indian Institute ofTechnology (IIT), Chennai, AutomotiveResearch Association of India (ARAI), Puneand Indian Institute of Technology (IIT),Kanpur. The objective frame work forSource Apportionment Study includedpreparation of emission inventory, emissionprofile, monitoring of ambient air quality,assessment of data and its authenticationand source apportionment of RSPM (PM10)using factor analysis and receptor modelingetc. Application of Chemical Mass Balance(CMB-8) Receptor model and ISC dispersionmodel, have been used in the study.

– For appraisal and guidance during thesurvey and study, a National level Steering

Committee under the chairmanship ofSecretary (E&F) has been constituted. Inorder to provide technical assistance andguidance during data collection, use ofappropriate model etc. a TechnicalCommittee has also been constituted underthe chairmanship of Chairman, CPCB andmembers drawn from various technicalinstitutions and organizations.

– An interim report of the study has beensubmitted to the Government. The final draftreport is under international peer reviewbefore submission to Government.

Development of EnvironmentalStandards

– Environmental Standards refer both to theacceptable levels of specified environmentalquality parameters at different categoriesof locations i.e. ‘ambient standards’ as wellas permissible levels of discharge ofspecified waste streams by different classesof activities i.e. ‘effluent standards’ anddischarges of gaseous pollutants i.e.emission standards.

Table-17. New Auto Fuel PolicyCoverage Passenger Cars, light commercial vehicles &

heavy duty diesel vehicles 2/3 wheelers

Entire country Bharat Stage II (Euro II equivalent) 01.04.2005 Bharat Stage III (Euro III equivalent) 01.04.2010

Bharat Stage III – Euro III equivalent – 1.4.2010

Eleven major cities (Delhi/NCR, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur & Agra)

Bharat Stage II (Euro II equivalent) 01.04.2003 Bharat Stage III (Euro III equivalent) 01.04.2005 Bharat Stage IV (Euro IV equivalent) 01.04.2010 (except for vehicles holding Inter-State permits or National Permits or All India Tourist permits)

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– Environmental standards cannot beuniversal, and each country should setstandards in terms of its national priorities,policy objectives, and resources, as statedin the National Environmental Policy, 2006.These standards, may, of course, vary (ingeneral, become more stringent) as acountry develops, and has greater accessto technologies and financial resources forenvironmental management. Within thecountry different States, UTs and localbodies may adopt stricter standards, basedon local considerations.

– In order to abate pollution from varioussources, Ministry notifies general as wellas industry specific emission and effluentstandards for various categories ofindustries under the Environment (Protection)Rules, 1986 as per procedure specified inthe Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986.Based on development of new pollutioncontrol technologies and their feasibility,these standards are reviewed from time totime and new ones are notified.

– All the notified Standards have been loadedon the website of this Ministry in a separatesub-head ‘Environmental Standards” under‘Legislation’ head. During the year,Environmental Standards in respect offollowing category of industries have beenevolved and are being finalized fornotification:

– Incinerator Plants in Organic ChemicalsManufacturing units;

– Petrochemical Plants;

– Incinerator plants for Dye and DyeIntermediately units;

– Rubber product Industry;

– Grain processing Industry;

– Iron Ore Mines; and

– Copper and Zinc Smelters.

The source specific environmental standardshave been notified for following industry/process have been notified during the year

Effluent & Emission Standards

– Cashew Seed Processing Unit(01.01.2010)

Emission Standards

– Brick Kilns (22.07.2009)

– Sulphur Recovery Unit (SRU) in PetroleumOil Refinery (21.08.2009)

– Plaster of Paris Industry (05.02.2010)

Effluent Standards

– Pharmaceutical Industry (09.07.2009)

– Hotel Industry (04.11.2009)

The Government has also published anotification on the Revised National AmbientAir Quality Standards, 2009 in the officialGazette on 16th November, 2009. Theseambient air quality standards/ limits providea legal framework for the control of airpollution and the protection of public health.

The previously existing NationalAmbient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)were notified for seven parameters i.e.,Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM),Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM), SulphurDioxide (S02), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx),Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ammonia (NH3) andLead (Pb). The review of the previous NAAQSand inclusion of new parameters was

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undertaken by the CPCB in association withthe Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. Theproposal for revision in NAAQS wasdeliberated upon extensively. These revisedstandards include initiatives that have beendeveloped in consonance with global bestpractices and in keeping with the latestadvancements in technology and research.Some of the salient features include:

– Area classification based on land-use hasbeen done away with so that industrialareas have to conform to the samestandards as residential areas.

– The standards shall be applicable uniformlywith the exception of stringent standardsfor NO2 and SO2 in the EcologicallySensitive Areas.

– The previous standards for residential areahave been uniformly applied for fineparticulate matter (PM10), CarbonMonoxide and Ammonia. More stringentlimits for Lead, SO2 and have beenprescribed even for residential areas.

– Suspended particulate matter (SPM) asparameter has been replaced by fineparticulate matter (PM2.5) which is morerelevant for public health.

– Other new parameters, such as, OzoneArsenic, Nickel, Benzene and Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) have been included for thefirst time under NAAQS based on CPCB/IIT research, World Health Organisationguidelines and EU limits and practices.

In furtherance of these Standards, theCPCB is in the process of creating a road-map for the generation and maintenance ofrequired monitoring infrastructure and for thedevelopment of protocols.

Noise Pollution

– Noise levels have been a matter of concerndue to various activities, religious functions,festivals, marriages, processions andrelated celebrations. The main sources ofnoise pollution include industrial activities,use of public address system, constructionactivities, use of generator sets, pressurehorns, fire crackers etc. Keeping in viewthe increasing trend in noise levels, Ministryhas issued various regulations from time totime to control noise pollution in ambientair, at source and at manufacturing stage.To control community noise, Noise Pollution(Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 werenotified in February, 2000.

– In Civil Writ Petition No. 72 of 1998regarding noise pollution-implementation oflaws for retracting use of loudspeakers andhigh volume producing sound system, firecrackers etc, the Hon’ble Supreme Courtin its judgement of July, 2005 and October,2005 has given detailed directionsregarding implementation of laws forcontrolling noise.

– In pursuance of the judgments and to collectbench mark data, all the regulatoryagencies of the State Government/UnionTerritories are being regularly advised tocomply with stipulated norms and to drawan Action Plan for ensuring the complianceof the directions of Hon’ble Court. Theconcerned agencies are regularly advisedto strengthen/establish environmental cellsat the State and district levels to check noisepollution an also to undertake surveys inmajor cities specially before and after thefestivals to ensure compliance. A monitoringprotocol for noise level and ambient air

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monitoring especially during Deepawalifestival was developed in 2008 with thehelp of CPCB and ambient noise and airquality monitoring has been undertaken bySPCBs, PCCs and CPCB across the countryduring Deepawali- 2009 in accordancewith the said protocol.

– In pursuance of the aforesaid judgments ofJuly 2005 and October 2005, draft ruleshave been published vide G.S.R. 158(e)on 9th March, 2009 for inviting publicsuggestion(s) within sixty days so as toamend existing Noise Pollution (Regulationand Control) Rules, 2009. Objections andsuggestions were received from twenty twoindividuals, NGOs, resident welfareassociations and Government Departments.The said objections and suggestions havebeen considered by the Governmentthrough an expert committee under theChairmanship of Prof. S.P.Gautam,Chairman, CPCB. The final amendments tothe Noise Rules, 2000 have been publishedin the official Gazette on 11th January,2010. The salient features of thisamendmend are:

– The stress has been laid to make thenight peaceful. The night time has beendefined (10.00 pm to 6.00 am) andrestrictions have been imposed on theuse of horns, sound emitting constructionequipments and bursting of fire crackersduring night time.

– Public place has been defined and theoccupant of a public place would restrictthe volume of public address system, etcso that noise emitting from its activitywould not exceed the noise limit morethan 10 dB (A), as applicable.

– Similarly, the occupant of a privateplace would restrict the volume of musicsystem, etc so that noise emitting fromits activity would not cause exceedanceof noise limit more than 5 dB (A), asapplicable.

– A duty has been cast upon the concernedState Governments to specify in advance,the number and particular of days onwhich two hours exemption (10.00 pmto 12.00 midnight) would be operative.State would be the unit for such anexemption.

– Noise emitting construction equipmenthave been specifically brought under theambit of Noise Rules, 2000.

The CPCB has been advised forrevisiting the national ambient noise standardsand prepare a blue print to have nationalambient noise monitoring network in place.A beginning to monitor ambient noise wouldbe made during 2010-11, i.e. XI Plan inaccordance with NEP-2006.

Charter on Corporate Responsibilityfor Environmental Protection (CREP)

– After a series of industry specific interactionmeetings, the Charter on CorporateResponsibility for Environmental Protection(CREP) was adopted in March, 2003 forseventeen categories of polluting industriesand it is a road map for progressiveimprovement in environmentalmanagement.

– For effective implementation of the Charter,eight taskforces comprising experts andmembers from institutions and industryassociations were constituted. Three of themin respect of Thermal Power, Steel Sector

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and Petroleum Oil Refinery have beenreconstituted in 2009-10. These task forcesare meeting regularly to monitor and toprovide guidance to the industries foradopting necessary pollution abatementmeasures.

Comprehensive EnvironmentalPollution Index (CEPI) for IndustrialClusters

The Ministry of Environment & Forests(MoEF) has adopted a ComprehensiveEnvironmental Pollution Index (CEPI) systemof environmental assessment of the eightyeight Industrial Clusters, evolved by theCentral Pol lut ion Control Board incollaboration with the IIT, Delhi (Table-18).CEPI may be used as a tool in synthesizingthe available information on environmentalstatus of areas by using quantitative criteriaand its ability to reduce complex informationinto smaller and more easily retainedinformation. CEPI could help in determiningthe effectiveness and comparing alternativeplans and policies and assists environmentaldecision-makers in initiating appropriatemeasures in grading polluted industrialclusters. An increasing value of CEPIindicates severe adverse environmentaldecision-makers in initiating appropriatemeasures in grading polluted industrialclusters. An increasing value of CEPIindicates severe adverse effects onenvironment as well as an indication of alarge proportion of population experiencinghealth hazards. The present CEPI system isintended to be used as an early warningtool for categorizing industrial clusters/areas in terms of the severity of the overallpollution levels. On a scale of zero to onehundred, the industrial clusters having

aggregated CEPI scores of eighty and abovehave been considered as alarminglypolluted industrial clusters, the industrialclusters having aggregated CEPI scores ofseventy to eighty have been considered ascritically polluted industrial clusters, theindustrial clusters having aggregated CEPIscores of sixty to seventy have beenconsidered as seriously polluted andindustrial clusters having aggregated CEPIscores of fifty to sixty fall in the warningzone. These areas need further detailedinvestigations in terms of the extent ofdamage and formulation of appropriateremedial action plan.

On the CEPI scale, forty three industrialclusters (CEPI scores > 70) out of eighty eightindustrial clusters have been identified to becritically polluted areas and Action Plans arebeing prepared for forty three industrialclusters on priority basis. The effectiveimplementation of the remedial action planwill help in abatement of pollution and torestore the environmental quality of theseindustrial clusters.

A Workshop was also organised onDecember 24, 2009 on “ComprehensiveEnvironmental Pollution Index (CEPI) forIndustrial Clusters”. About two hundredparticipants from SPCBs/ PCCs, MoEF, CPCB,Scientific/ Technical institutions, NGOs,Industries Associations and Print & ElectronicMedia participated in the Workshop. TheHon’ble Minister released the two booksentitled “Criteria for ComprehensiveEnvironmental Assessment of IndustrialClusters” and “Comprehensive EnvironmentalAssessment of Industrial Clusters” and alsoaddressed the participants.

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Table-18. The CEPI scores for industrial areas/clusters descending order

S.No. Industrial Cluster/Area Air Water Land CEPI 1. Ankleshwar (Gujarat) 72.00 72.75 75.75 88.50 Ac_Wc_Lc 2. Vapi (Gujarat) 74.00 74.50 72.00 88.09 Ac_Wc_Lc 3. Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh) 68.50 75.25 71.50 87.37 Ac_Wc_Lc 4. Chandrapur (Maharashtra) 70.75 67.50 66.50 83.88 Ac_Wc_Lc 5. Kobra (Chhattisgarh) 67.00 57.00 72.50 83.00 Ac_Ws_Lc 6. Bhiwadi (Rajasthan) 71.00 69.00 59.50 82.91 Ac_Wc_Ls 7. Angul Talcher (Orissa) 64.00 69.00 65.75 82.09 Ac_Wc_Lc 8. Vellore (North Arcot) (Tamil

Nadu) 69.25 65.25 62.50 81.79 Ac_Wc_Lc

9. Singrauli (Uttar Pradesh) 70.50 64.00 59.50 81.73 Ac_Wc_Ls 10. Ludhiana (Punjab) 68.00 66.00 64.75 81.66 Ac_Wc_Lc 11. Nazafgarh drain basin

(including Anand Parvat, Naraina, Okhla and Wazirpur), Delhi

52.13 69.00 65.25 79.54 As_Wc_Lc

12. Noida (Uttar Pradesh) 65.75 64.00 60.00 78.90 Ac_Wc_Lc 13. Dhanbad (Jharkhand) 64.50 59.00 65.50 78.63 Ac_Ws_Lc 14. Dombivalli (Maharashtra) 66.00 63.50 57.50 78.41 Ac_Wc_Ls 15. Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh) 66.00 63.50 56.00 78.09 Ac_Wc_Ls 16. Cuddalore (Tamil Nadu) 54.00 65.25 64.00 77.45 As_Wc_Lc 17. Aurangabad (Maharashtra) 64.75 60.50 59.50 77.44 Ac_Wc_Ls 18. Faridabad (Haryana) 63.50 59.00 62.75 77.07 Ac_Ws_Lc 19. Agra (Uttar Pradesh) 59.00 63.75 59.50 76.48 As_Wc_Ls 20. Manali (Tamil Nadu) 64.00 59.00 58.00 76.32 Ac_Ws_Ls 21. Haldia (West Bengal) 53.75 64.50 57.00 75.43 As_Wc_Ls 22. Ahmedabad (Gujarat) 62.75 58.00 58.00 75.28 Ac_Ws_Ls 23. Jodhpur (Rajasthan) 52.00 65.50 54.00 75.19 As_Wc_Ls 24. Cochin, Greater (Kerala) 57.00 64.00 54.00 75.08 As_Wc_Ls 25. Mandi Gobind Garh

(Punjab) 62.00 55.50 62.00 75.08 Ac_Ws_Lc

26. Howrah (West Bengal) 57.00 54.50 63.50 74.84 As_Ws_Lc 27. Vatva (Gujarat) 60.00 62.00 56.00 74.77 Ac_Wc_Ls 28. Ib Valley (Orissa) 61.00 56.50 59.00 74.00 Ac_Ws_Ls 29. Varanasi - Mirzapur (Uttar

Pradesh) 58.00 62.00 53.50 73.79 As_Wc_Ls

30. Navi Mumbai (Maharashtra) 61.00 59.00 55.50 73.77 Ac_Ws_Ls 31. Pali (Rajasthan) 52.00 64.00 52.00 73.68 As_Wc_Ls

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S.No. Industrial Cluster/Area Air Water Land CEPI 32. Manglore (Karnataka) 61.75 57.75 54.00 73.34 Ac_Ws_Ls 33. Jharsuguda (Orissa) 61.00 56.50 56.00 72.38 Ac_Ws_Ls 34. Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) 62.25 58.75 45.50 72.33 Ac_Ws_Ln 35. Bhadravati (Karnataka) 62.75 56.50 45.50 72.01 Ac_Ws_Ln 36. Tarapur (Maharashtra) 60.75 56.00 51.25 71.91 Ac_Ws_Ls 37. Panipat (Haryana) 55.75 56.50 59.00 71.26 As_Ws_Ls 38. Indore (Madhya Pradesh) 59.00 57.50 52.00 70.99 As_Ws_Ls 39. Bhavnagar (Gujarat) 54.50 57.50 57.75 As_Ws_Ls 40. Vishakhapatnam (Andhra

Pradesh) 57.00 57.50 55.00 70.82 As_Ws_Ls

41. Junagarh (Gujarat) 53.25 52.50 59.50 70.82 As_Ws_Ls 42. Asansole (West Bengal) 58.38 56.25 50.50 70.20 As_Ws_Ls 43. 44. Paradeep (Orissa) 54.00 58.50 48.00 69.26 As_Ws_Ln 45. Nashik (Maharashtra) 55.00 57.50 50.25 69.25 As_Ws_Ls 46. Chembur (Maharashtra) 59.75 50.75 46.00 69.19 As_Ws_Ln 47. Baddi (Himachal Pradesh) 56.00 54.50 54.50 69.07 As_Ws_Ls 48. Kala Amb (Himachal

Pradesh) 56.75 54.50 51.00 68.77 As_Ws_Ls

49. Dewas (Madhya Pradesh) 51.50 57.50 51.50 68.77 As_Ws_Ls 50. Batala (Punjab) 51.00 56.50 54.50 68.59 As_Ws_Ls 51. Tirupur (Tamil Nadu) 56.75. 50.75 53.00 68.38 As_Ws_Ls 52. Durgapur (West Bengal) 49.50 58.50 47.50 68.26 An_Ws_Ln 53. Raichur (Karnataka) 59.75 46.50 44.50 68.07 As_Wn_Ln 54. Bidar (Karnataka) 58.75 49.00 44.00 67.64 As_Wn_Ln 55. Singhbhum, West (Bihar) 55.50 51.50 51.50 67.30 As_Ws_Ls 56. Mettur (Tamil Nadu) 46.00 58.00 46.50 66.98 An_Ws_Ln 57. Vadodara (Gujarat) 57.00 48.00 48.00 66.91 As_Wn_Ln 58. Jaipur (Rajasthan) 55.00 52.00 50.50 66.82 As_Ws_Ls 59. Rajkot (Gujarat) 45.50 54.50 55.50 66.76 An_Ws_Ls 60. Nagda – Ratlam (Madhya

Pradesh) 44.50 54.50 56.00 66.67 An_Ws_Ls

61. Jamshedpur (Jharkhand) 55.75 55.50 42.00 66.06 As_Ws_Ln 62. Pimpari-Chinchwad

(Maharashtra) 55.25 52.50 46.00 66.06 As_Ws_Ln

63. Raipur (Chhattisgarh) 56.50 42.00 49.00 65.45 As_Wn_Ln 64. Saraikela (Jharkhand) 50.50 49.00 54.00 65.38 As_Wn_Ls

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S.No. Industrial Cluster/Area Air Water Land CEPI 65. Ramgarh (Jharkhand) 44.00 53.00 54.50 65.11 An_Ws_Ls 66. Pinia (Karnataka) 56.75 46.00 42.00 65.11 As_Wn_Ln 67. Pitampur (Madhya Pradesh) 47.75 54.00 50.50 65.09 An_Ws_Ls 68. Jalandhar (Punjab) 52.00 52.00 52.00 64.98 As_Ws_Ls 69. Moradabad (Uttar Pradesh) 54.00 49.00 47.50 64.71 As_Wn_Ln 70. Bada Jamtara (Jharkhand) 48.00 52.50 52.50 64.47 An_Ws_Ls 71. Aligarh (Uttar Pradesh) 53.00 48.00 48.00 63.83 As_Wn_Ln 72. Parwanoo (Himachal

Pradesh) 53.00 47.50 48.50 63.83 As_Wn_Ln

73. Haridwar (Uttarakhand) 51.75 48.00 40.00 61.01 As_Wn_Ln 74. Vijaywada (Andhra Pradesh) 52.00 41.50 43.00 60.57 As_Wn_Ln 75. Ferozabad (Uttar Pradesh) 49.00 47.00 47.75 60.51 An_Wn_Ln 76. Mathura (Uttar Pradesh) 48.00 48.00 48.00 59.98 An_Wn_Ln 77. Meerut (Uttar Pradesh) 50.00 47.50 39.50 59.38 As_Wn_Ln 78. Erode (Tamil Nadu) 47.38 47.25 43.50 58.19 An_Wn_Ln 79. Surat (Gujarat) 46.00 46.75 45.50 57.90 An_Wn_Ln 80. Kathedan (Andhra Pradesh) 44.50 47.00 45.50 57.73 An_Wn_Ln 81. Kukatpalli (Andhra Pradesh) 41.50 47.00 43.50 56.56 An_Wn_Ln 82. Hajipur (Bihar) 43.50 44.00 44.50 55.12 An_Wn_Ln 83. Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh) 45.88 38.50 42.00 54.63 An_Wn_Ln 84. Udhamsingh Nagar

(Uttarakhand) 44.00 41.25 44.25 54.37 An_Wn_Ln

85. Bhillai – Durg (Chhattisgarh) 44.00 35.00 33.50 50.57 An_Wn_Ln 86. Bulandsahar –Khurza (Uttar

Pradesh) 42.00 33.50 36.50 49.09 An_Wn_Ln

87. Burnihat (Assam) 39.00 34.50 34.50 46.26 An_Wn_Ln 88. Digboi (Assam) 32.00 32.75 38.00 44.55 An_Wn_Ln

Recognition of EnvironmentalLaboratories under Environment(Protection) Act, 1986

– The successful implementation ofenvironmental protection programmesessentially requires to identify and quantifythe pollution sources and pollutants, conductbaseline survey, lay down standards andbuild-up monitoring systems. To meet these

requirements an environmental laboratoryrequires to be provided with all thenecessary instruments and equipments asalso expertise and capability of its staff formonitoring all groups of parametersincluding water, air, noise, hazardouswaste, soil, sludge etc.

– For effective implementation of environmentprotection programmes there is an

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inescapable need for an efficient andreliable institutional arrangement andfacilities for survey, identification,quantification and systems for monitoring.In this context, the role of an environmentallaboratory assumes paramount importanceand significance especially for theassessment of the status of environment andits components and can facilitate effectivelyin prevention and control of pollution. TheMinistry has been implementing aprogramme for recognition of environmentallaboratories with the aim of increasingfacilities for analysis of environmentalsamples.

Revision of Guidelines for Evaluation andRecognition of Environmental Laboratoriesunder E (P) A, 1986.

– The extant guidelines (1994-95) forestablishment and recognition of thelaboratories have been revised andprocedures streamlined. The revision hadbecome necessary as the Environment(Protection) Act, 1986 has beenstrengthened over the years with theenactments of various rules and notificationsthere under. Further, environmentalstandards have been formulated for variousparameters in different industrial sectors.The guidelines for recognition ofenvironmental laboratories under E(P)A1986 have been revised by the Ministrywith emphasis laid on quality assuranceand quality control aspects The revisedguidelines have been placed on the websiteof Ministry (www.envfor.nic.in) for widercirculation. The revised guidelines (June2008) are a definite improvement in thecontent and the procedures for recognitionof the environmental laboratories.

– On the whole, through these revisedguidelines, an attempt has been made tobring in synergy in requirements betweenthe three Environmental Acts, viz the Water(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1974, the Air (Prevention and Control ofPollution) Act 1981 and the Environment(Protection) Act, 1986. Under the provisionsof Section 12 and 13 of E(P)Act, 1986,the private laboratories are considered bythe Ministry of Environment & Forests(MoEF) for recognition.

– The revised guidelines have beenoperationalised. The Expert Committee onLabs is meeting once every month to discussall the cases of Government and PrivateSector Labs.

– During the year ten private laboratorieswere considered for recognition underE(P)Act, 1986.

Common Effluent Treatment Plants(CETPs)

– The concept of the Common EffluentTreatment Plants (CETP) arose in order tomake a co-operative movement for pollutioncontrol. The main objective of the CETPsis to reduce the treatment cost to be borneby an individual member unit to a minimumwhile protecting the water environment toa maximum. Wastewater treatment andwater conservation are the prime objectivesof the CETP. The concept of CETPs wasenvisaged to treat the effluent emanatingfrom the clusters of compatible small - scaleindustries. It was also envisaged that burdenof various Government authorities workingfor controlling pollution and monitoring ofwater pollution could be reduced once theCETPs are implemented and commissioned.

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– A Centrally Sponsored Scheme has beenundertaken by the Government for enablingthe small scale industries (SSI) to set upnew and upgrade the existing CommonEffluent Treatment Plants (CETP) to cover allthe States in the country. A scheme forfinancial assistance for the CETPs has beenformulated as follows:

– State subsidy – 25% of the total projectcost;

– Central subsidy – 25% of the total projectcost;

– Entrepreneurs contribution – 20% of thetotal project cost;

– Loan from financial institutions – 30% ofthe total project cost;

(e.g., IDBI, ICICI or any othernationalized banks, State IndustrialFinancial Corporation etc.)

– During this year, an allocation of Rs. 4.97crore was made for providing financialassistance to the on-going CETP projectsand for new projects. Financial assistancewas provided for the ongoing projectsnamely, Mahad, Waluj in Maharashtra.Nacharam in Andhra Pradesh, andPalsana, Pandesara in Gujarat.

Taj Protection Mission

– In pursuance of the Hon’ble SupremeCourt’s Order, projects for environmentalprotection of World Heritage Site of TajMahal were initiated and funded by theMinistry. The Planning Commissionapproved Rs.600 crore on a 50:50 costsharing basis with the State Governmentto implement various schemes in the TajTrapezium Zone for environmentalprotection of the Taj Mahal. In the first phase

during the IX Five Year Plan, ten projectswere approved by the Government to beimplemented by the State Government ofUttar Pradesh.

– The Ministry has sponsored a post-evaluation study for completed projectsthrough the National EnvironmentalEngineering Research Institute (NEERI),Nagpur for ascertaining the improvementin environmental status of the area. Therevised report of the study by NEERI isunder examination.

Eco-cities

– The Eco-cities Project aims at improving theexisting environment and at changing thoseaspects that are causing environmentdamage. The focus of the project includesprotection of environmental resources likewater bodies, forests etc., improvinginfrastructure and sanitary conditions in thetowns and creating aesthetic environs.

– The Eco-cities Programme was initiated tobring in visible environmental improvementin the small and medium towns. Thefollowing towns were taken under firstphase of Eco-cities programme to bring invisible environmental improvement:

– Vrindavan (Uttar Pradesh)

– Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh)

– Puri (Orissa)

– Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh)

– Kottayam (Kerala)

– Thanjavour (Tamil Nadu)

– An Expert Committee has been constitutedfor the identification of the projects andapproval of Environmental Developed Plan(EDP) and Detailed Projects Reports. The

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project in Kottayam is aimed at rejuvenatingMundar River and Kacherikadavu Boat Jettyand Canal that have severe siltation andpollution problems. The Project in Ujjain isaimed at improvement around MahakalTemple and cleaning of Rudra Sagar lake,which is highly silted and polluted withsewage. While the project in Vrindavanaims at improvement of historic core of thetown located around Rangnath Temple, theproject in Tirupati is for improvement ofstorm water drains in the northern, southernand western side of the Gobind RajaSwamy Temple. Similarly, Project in Puri isto improve around Jagannath Temple,renovation of three of the religious ponds,shifting of garages and automobileworkshop and improvement of existing solidwaste disposal facility. In Thanjavur towns,the activity on ‘Renovation of old tanks’has been proposed to be taken up to protectpresently used and potentially useableaquifers from further degradation and tofacilitates the rainwater harvesting system.

– The Eco-city Programme has been continuedduring the Eleventh Five Year Plan Periodwith inclusion of three more towns/citiesnamely, Chanderi (M.P.) Sawai Madhopur(Rajasthan) and Darjeeling (W.B.). Theconcerned Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) andthe State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs)have been asked to take further necessaryaction for implementation of various projectsunder this programme.

Industrial Pollution Abatementthrough Preventive Strategies

Four important activities are going onunder this sub-scheme

– Waste Minimization for small & mediumscale industries;

– Environmental Audit;

– Environmental Management;

– Environmental Statistics & Mapping.

Environmental Authorities

Environment Pollution (Prevention Control)Authority for the National Capital Region

– The Environment Pollution (Prevention andControl) Authority (EPCA) for NationalCapital Region was constituted under sub-section (3) of Section 3 of the EnvironmentProtection Act, 1986 on January 29, 1998vide S.O. No. 93(E) dated January 29,1998 under the chairmanship of Sh. BhureLai. The tenure of the EPCA was extendedfrom time to time, and at present extendedupto 28th Jan. 2010 vide S.O. 1839 (E)dated 27th July 2009.

– The issues considered by the Authorityinclude environment related matterscovering vehicular pollution control, sewagetreatment and assessment of operations andhanding over of Common Effluent TreatmentPlants (CETPs) in NCR to the concernedsocieties, monitoring of action plans forimprovement of air quality in seven metrocities etc. and in addition, the mattersreferred to it by Hon’ble Supreme Court inits various Judgments.

– EPCA is reporting the compliance statusand special tasks assigned to it to theHon’ble Supreme Court from time to time.

National Environment Appellate Authority(NEAA)

The National Environment AppellateAuthority (NEAA) was establish under theNational Environment Appellate Authority Act,

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1997 (22 of 1997) to hear appeals in regardto restriction of areas in which any industries,operations or class of industries, operations orprocess shall not be carried out or shall becarried out subject to certain safeguards underthe Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and formatter connected therein or accidental thereto.

Loss of Ecology (Prevention and payments ofCompensation) Authority for the State of TamilNadu

In compliance with the Hon’bleSupreme Court’s order dated August 28,1998 in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 914 of 1991viz. Veliore Citizen’s Welfare Forum versusUnion of India and Others, the Ministryconstituted the Loss of Ecology (Preventionand Payments of Compensation) Authority forthe State of Tamil Nadu under theChairmanship of a retired Judge of madrasHigh Court vide notification SO 671 (E) datedSeptember 30, 1996, to deal with thesituation created by the tanneries and otherpollution industries in Tamil Nadu. The tenureof the authority has been extended up toDecember 28, 2010 vide Notification SO.3317 (E) dated 31.12.2009

Water Cess

– Water Cess is levied on water consumedby persons carrying on certain industriesand local authorities with a view to augmentthe resources of Central Pollution ControlBoard (CPCB), State Pollution ControlBoards (SPCB) and Pollution ControlCommittees in UTs for the prevention andcontrol of water pollution. The proceeds ofthe Cess levied are first credited to theConsolidated Fund of India and after thatthe Central Government makes availablethe proceeds to SPCBs and PCCs.

– During the year an amount of Rs.204.00crore were collected by SPCBs/PCCs andRs.81.80 crore were reimbursed to differentSPCBs and PCCs by the CentralGovernment.

Fly Ash Utilization

Fly ash is the finely divided mineralresidue resulting from the combustion ofground powdered coal in electric generatingplant. Fly ash consists of inorganic matterpresent in the coal that has been fused duringcoal combustion. The fast increasing demandof power coupled with its dependence oncoal for at least 2/3rd of its energy requirementis generating large volume of fly ash.Generation of about forty million tonnes flyash during 1994 increased to about onehundred million tonne/year by 2001 andone hundred and thirty million tonne in 2007.The projections made by Planning Commissionas well as Ministry of Power upto 2031-32indicate that 2/3rd of power generation inthe country would continue to depend on coal.The annual generation of fly ash is expectedto be around one hundred seventy five milliontonne by end of XIth Five Year Plan Period,two hundred twenty five million tonne by endof XIIth Five Year Plan Period and around fivehundred million tonne by 2031-32.

The first Fly Ash Notification was issuedby Ministry of Environment & Forests inSeptember 1999 to regulate the disposal offly ash and ensure its proper utilization. Asecond Notification making amendments wasissued in August, 2003.

The implementation of this Notificationsince 1999 resulted in steady increase in theutilization of flyash. However, the utilizationhas not reached to 100%. Therefore, certain

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additional measures were required to furtherpromote and facilitate its use.

Objectives

– To protect environment

– To conserve top soil

– To prevent dumping of fly ash from ThermalPower Stations on land

– To promote utilization of ash in themanufacture of building materials andconstruction activity

Progress and achievements made during theyear

The Fly Ash Utilisation Notification wasissued by Ministry of Environment and Forestsin September 1999 to regulate the disposalof fly ash and ensure its proper utilization.Restriction was imposed to the extent that allbrick kilns within the radius of fifty kilometersfrom coal/lignite based thermal power plantsshould use 25% fly-ash while making thebricks. The same was issued as per the ordersof the Hon’ble High Court of Delhi inSeptember, 1999. A second Notificationmaking amendments was issued in August,2003 increasing the radium from the thermalpower plants to 100 kms.

The Ministry has issued the amendmentnotification No. S.O. 2804(E) dated03.11.09 to amend the existing fly ashnotification of 1999 as amended in the year2003. The main amendments proposed inthe notification include the following:

– The clay brick manufacturers have beenexcluded from the purview of thisnotification, as they are usually in theunorganized sector and the utilization offly ash by them is not significant. The

construction agencies engaged in theconstruction of buildings have been maderesponsible for use of only fly ash basedproducts for construction.

– The minimum fly ash content for buildingmaterial / products to qualify as “fly ashbased products” category has beenstipulated.

– Use of certain minimum percentage of flyash for stowing of underground mines andbackfilling of opencast mines has beenmade mandatory.

– All Coal / Lignite based thermal powerplants have been allowed to sell fly ash tothe user agencies except the pond ash andmound ash which should be made availablefree of cost.

– In addition, at least 20% of dry ESP fly ashshould also be made available free ofcharge to the fly ash or clay fly ash bricks,tiles & blocks manufacturers on prioritybasis.

– Fly ash utilization targets for thermal powerplants / expansion of plants commissionedbefore and after issue of this notification,have been stipulated.

– A Monitoring committee to monitor theimplementation of the provisions ofthe notification and submit itsrecommendations / observations every sixmonths has been proposed.

– All the Financial institutions and agencieswhich fund construction activities shallinclude a clause in their loan / grantdocument for compliance of the provisionsof this notification.

All the State Governments have beenmade aware of the draft Amendment

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Notification and further instructed to sensitiseall concerned with the said draft notification.

Environmental Health

Introduction

The urban environmental degradation,through lack of (or inappropriate) wastetreatment and sanitation, industry andtransport related pollution, adversely impactsair, water, and soil quality, and differentiallyimpacts the health of the urban poor. This,in turn, affects their capability to seek andretain employment, attend school, andenhances gender inequalities, all of whichperpetuate poverty.

It is increasingly evident that poorenvironmental quality has adversely affectedhuman health. Environmental factors areestimated as being responsible in some casesfor nearly 20 percent of the burden of diseasein India, and a number of environment-healthfactors are closely linked with dimensions ofpoverty (e.g. malnutrition, lack of access toclean energy and water). It has been shownthat interventions such as reducing indoor airpollution, protecting sources of safe drinkingwater, protecting soil from contamination,improved sanitation measures, and betterpublic health governance, offer tremendousopportunities in reducing the incidence of anumber of critical health problems.

The National Environment Policy is aresponse to our national commitment to aclean environment, mandated in theConstitution in Articles 48 A and 51 A (g),strengthened by judicial interpretation ofArticle 21. It is recognized that maintaininga healthy environment is not the State’sresponsibility alone, but also that of every

citizen’s. Human beings are at the centre ofconcerns for sustainable development. Theyare entitled to a healthy and productive lifein harmony with nature.

Objectives

In order to protect the human healthfrom the impacts of pollutants, efforts may bemade to co-relate the manifestations of variousdiseases with the environmental factorsespecially respiratory diseases & cardio-vascular diseases contracted due to exposureto various pollutants. As such, the long termstudies (cohort studies) to find out any co-relationship between the dose and theresponse would be useful for evolving thestrategies for the protection of human health.

The key benefit will help in evolvingstrategies for health risk reduction. It will alsostrengthen the comprehensive approach tothe environmental health management plans,which would be a systematic approach toestimate the burden of disease and injurydue to different environmental pollutants.

Development & Promotion of CleanTechnology

Introduction and objectives

Clean Technologies, as distinct from“end-of- pipe” abatement technologiesminimize the generation of waste streams inthe production processes and utilize wastefrom other consumption goods and productionprocesses, rather than treating the waste aftergeneration. In general, clean technologiesare less intensive in use of raw materials andenergy, than conventional technologies, whichrely on pollution abatement after generation.For this reason, they may also offer significantcost advantages to the producer.

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“Adoption of cleaner technologies andcleaner production strategies is consideredto provide a balance between Development& Environment through economic benefits byway of increased resource efficiency,innovation and reduced cost for environmentalmanagement”. A grant-in-aid Scheme onDevelopment and Promotion of CleanTechnologies was initiated in 1994 with thefollowing objectives:-

– Development & Promotion of CleanerTechnologies.

– Development of Tools and Techniques forPollution Prevention.

– Formulation of Sustainable DevelopmentStrategies

Activities undertaken and completed

Since the inception of the scheme in1994, activities undertaken include (i)Carrying Capacity Studies in various partsof the country namely Greater Kochi Region,Doon Valley, Damodar River Basin, TapiEstuary and National Capital Region (NCR);(ii) Natural Resource Accounting Studies forUpper Yamuna Basin; (iii) Life CycleAssessment (LCA) Studies in Thermal PowerPlants, Steel, Pulp and Paper and Cement(from cradle to gate). 2nd phase of the projecti.e. gate to grave is continuing during thecurrent financial year (iv) Other pollutionprevention, waste utilisation and managementstudies.

Three Demonstration projectsmentioned below are at final stage and arelikely to be completed during the currentfinancial year.

– “Development of Air Pollution ControlPackage for Small Scale Lime Kilns by

National Environmental EngineeringResearch Institute (NEERI), Nagpur.

– “Design and Development of ComputerNumerical Controlled Eco- friendly WeldingMachine” by Annamalai University,Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu.

– “Environment Pollution Control in Agro-based Paper Industry by implementation ofLignin Precipitation System (LPS)Technology” by ABC Papers, Hoshiarpurand Punjab Pollution Control Board, Patiala.

Progress made during the year

– Under the grant-in-aid scheme onDevelopment & Promotion of CleanTechnology nine projects continued duringthe period and their progress wasmonitored through Monitoring Committee,followed by Workshops and Field Visits.

– Seventh meeting of the Evaluation andMonitoring Committee was held under theChairmanship of Prof. L. Kannan in July,2009. The Committee has recommendedfive projects for funding. These are asfollows:

Achievements in the current financial year

Three projects have been completed.These are:

– “Development of Adhesive from Bio-material”, IPIRTI, Bangalore.

– “Development of Natural Dyes from ForestWastes”, ICFRE, Dehradun.

– “Recycling of Marble Slurry, Udaipur”,Rajasthan, IES, Delhi.

Findings of the above projects havebeen sent to Central Pollution Control Board,

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Delhi and other organisations forimplementation.

Brief summary of completed projects

Development of Adhesive from Bio-materialby IPIRTI, Bangalore

The project was sponsored by theMinistry to Indian Plywood Industries Research& Training Institute (IPIRTI), Bangalore, fordevelopment of bio-adhesive for use in themanufacture of plywood drawn frombiological materials like tannin from tree bark,cashew nut shell, liquid and lignin obtainedfrom black liquor, wastes generated by Pulpand Paper Industry. Lignin and Tannin aretwo products obtained from tree. Both theproducts have certain characteristics similarto phenol. These properties of lignin andtannin have been utilized to develop bioadhesives in which phenol has been replacedpartly in phenol formaldehyde resin. Bioadhesives so prepared have been successfullyutilized in the manufacture of higher gradeplywood. Although lignin reacts well withformaldehyde in combination with phenol butthe rate of reaction and molecular nature ofthe resultant polymer differs in physicalproperties. In the present investigations, theindustrial black liquor obtained from differentsources was fractionated by membraneseparations and were used in developmentof phenolic resins by partial replacement ofphenol. Tannin is tree bark extract mostly usedfor converting skin into leather. Tannin containsphenolic unit which react with formaldehydeto polymerize into resin. Mimosa wattle tanninhas been used in preparation of tanninformaldehyde resin for making particle boardand also plywood fast curing mechanism oftannin, a low condensed phenol formaldehyde

resin was developed and extended withmimosa wattle tannin for the manufacture ofplywood. This development yielded a cheaperadhesive and also could bond veneers ofhigher moisture content which conforms toboiling water proof grade. Use of highmoisture content veneers for bonding veneerresults in saving energy requirement fordrying. Both the glue formulations have beenfound to be environment friendly. Since thesebio constituent in the glue i.e. lignin and tanninreplace phenol in the phenol formaldehyderesins the use of these wood adhesives, willreduce use of petro product – phenol whoseprice fluctuate over the year.

These technologies have beensuccessfully demonstrated in plywood factoriesfor the manufacture of highest grade ofplywood and the products have been foundto meet BIS specification.

Fig-27. Ultra filtration for molecular fractionationof lignin in black liquor

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Development of Natural Dyes from ForestWastes by FRI, Dehra Dun

The Ministry of Environment andForests has jointly sponsored a projectDevelopment of Natural Dyes from ForestWastes the Forest Research Institute, DehraDun. The objectives of the project are Erectionof a pilot plant for the isolation of natural dyefrom Eucalyptus hybrid (leaves and bark),Populus deltoides (bark), Cassia tora (seeds),Pinus roxburghii (needles) and Lantanacamara (leaves). Use of synthetic dyes involvesrelease of large amounts of hazardouschemicals during their production andsubsequent use. With the environmentallybenign products becoming a top priority inrecent years, dye industry has turned itsattention to newer products, which cater tofashion trends as well as to environmentalspecifications. Global annual demand ofnatural dyes is presently estimated to be about10, 000 tons per annum. Thus prospectingfor natural dyes was an urgent felt need. Pilotplant for extraction of natural dye wasdesigned, erected and commissioned in 2004at Chemistry Division, Forest Research InstituteDehradun to process 20-40 Kg of rawmaterial. Laboratory processes were scaledat the pilot scale and yield of the dye was-Eucalyptus hybrid (leaves, 13.7% and bark4.60%), Populus deltoides bark (6.5%), Pinusroxburghii dry needles (10.7%), Lantanacamara leaves (15.3%) and Cassia tora seeds(6.0%). Dyeing methods have beenstandardized for dyeing of different fabrics,e.g., cotton, silk, wool with these dyes. Anumber of fascinating shades were developedon different fabrics using common mordantslike alum, salt of iron, tin and chrome. Thecolor fastness properties and CIE Lab values

of the dyed fabrics were also determinedand comparable with the synthetic dyes. .

Recycling of Marble Slurry Waste forEnvironmental Improvement by IES, Delhi

The Indian Environment Society (IES),New Delhi has implemented a pilot projecton Recycling of Marble Slurry by setting-upa pilot plant at RICCO industrial Area atAmberi, Udaipur. The aim of the project isto demonstrate the use of slurry as resourceand not waste. Marble is nothing but isCalcium Oxide (CaO), Magnesium Oxide(MgO), Silicate Oxide (SiO2), Ferric Oxide(Fe2O3) and Lithium Oxide (LiO) etc. thechemical composition of the marble variesfrom place to place.

The Society has set-up one brickmaking units at Kota while one at Udaipur.These units were given practical training touse the slurry into bricks and tilesmanufacturing. The granite slurry is used atKota for making bricks. The IES developeda machine of brick making in the first phaseof the demonstration project. This machinewas modified from the present brick makingmachine to meet the requirement of the slurrybricks. The bricks so produced were testedat various compositions of cement, sand andmarble slurry. Ultimately a ratio of all thethree were evolved which is 1:2:10,. Afterthe bricks are produced, it has to go on towater treatment at three stages. Ultimatelythe bricks are drieds in a shade to avoid sunfor at least two weeks.

The bricks so produced from the slurrywere sent to Central Building ResearchInstitute, Roorkee for testing the quality,strength and water holding capacity. The

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institute found these bricks as an excellentconstruction material and a viable option toreplace the traditional bricks. The results haveshown that the bricks produced from theMarble Slurry Waste are much better inquality, having more comprehensive strengthand less water absorption capacity. The costof the Marble Slurry is also comparable tothe traditional bricks. The bricks producedfrom Marble Slurry require less cement (40%)for plaster and can be used as decorativebricks also. The Society has also developeddifferent verities of tiles from the slurry andthis could another use of Marble Slurry Waste

Industrial Pollution Abatementthrough Preventive Strategies (WasteMinimisation for Small & MediumIndustries)


The policy statement for abatement ofpollution lays emphasis on preventive aspectsof pollution abatement and promotion oftechnical inputs to reduce industrial pollution.One of the simplest preventive strategies isto minimize the waste in production ofproducts and goods. The main objective ofwaste minimization is to optimize theconsumption of raw materials and also reducewaste generation by adopting productiontechniques which are cleaner in nature andwhich can be adopted by the existing unitswithout necessarily changing the productionprocesses or unit operations. The approachto the problem is towards utilizing the existingproduction facilities in an optimal manner.The objectives of the scheme are following:

– To assist the primary small units and somemedium scale units who do not have accessto the requisite technical expertise to

achieve waste minimization but excludesprocurement of equipment and hardware.

– Establishing and running WasteMinimization Circles (WMCs) in clusters ofSmall & Medium Industries.

– Capacity building in the area of WasteMinimization/Cleaner Production throughtraining.

– Waste Minimization demonstration studiesin selected industrial sectors.

– Preparation of sector specific technicalmanuals on waste reduction, reuse andrecycling.

– Awareness programmes and preparationof compendium of success stories on cleanerproduction/waste minimization

Activities undertaken and completed

The National Productivity Council(NPC), New Delhi coordinates the activitiespertaining to Waste Minimisation Circles(WMCs) through facilitators designated byit, training and awareness activities by NPCitself as well as through DevelopmentCommissioner, Small Scale Industries (DC,SSI)., NPC has trained one hundred sixty eightparticipants in one hundred sixty twoorganisations through WMC facilitatorTraining programmes. NPC has also preparedcompendium of success stories in this areafor mass awareness and have also broughtout through Centre or State level organizationsor Consultants.

Additional Activities undertaken in the Scheme

– Waste Minimization Circles

– Synergies would be drawn with othergrant-in-aid schemes of this Ministry of

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Environment & Forests, like demonstrationprojects, Clean Technology, etc.

– Mass dissemination of results of thestudies in the area of waste minimizationin industrial clusters across the countrythrough electronic and print media.

– Sensitization of financial institutions likeSIDBI, etc. through meetings andconsultations for easy uptake of WMsolutions by SMIs.

– Waste Minimization DemonstrationProjects : As vast majority of the Small andMedium Industries (SMIs) in the country arestill unaware of the benefits of wasteminimization and resource conservationand its potential. The proposed activitieswould support the demonstration projectsin designated industrial sectors. In order tospread geographically, it would bedesirable to use the network of facilitators/capacity that is already built through WasteMinimization Circles.

– Capacity Building on WasteMinimization : The ongoing initiative needsto be regularly reviewed and strengthenedby developing and implementing newstrategies for waste minimization. Thetraining programmes are integral part ofthe activity, in which the participatingorganizations facilitate in conducting suchprogrammes. These training programmesneed to be taken forward for a multipliereffect. Therefore, the current scheme shallsupport the following additionalcomponents namely:

– “Training of the Trainer” programs onWaste Minimization

– National and Regional Wasteminimization Awareness Workshops

– Developing Awareness Material on WasteMinimization : In order to sustain variousWaste Minimization efforts and to providea continuing impetus to the programme,continued publicity and dissemination ofthe waste minimization activities is alsoproposed to be included in the scheme.

– The sector specific training manuals anda compendium of success storiesprepared by NPC are utilized in thedissemination of the findings and theseare also made available in the NPCwebsite. In addition to these, the sitespecific problems of some of the sectorsare discussed during the trainingprogrammes.

– Fifteen ongoing demonstration projectscontinued during the year 2009-10.

Progress made during the year

Under the grant-in-aid scheme on“Abatement of Pollution through PreventiveStrategies (Waste Minimisation)” elevenprojects continued during the period and theirprogress was monitored through MonitoringCommittee. These projects are as under:

– Waste Minimization Studies in Small ScaleIndustries in Balanagar Industrial Area,Hyderabad.

– Waste Minimization Studies in Small ScaleIndustries – Textile Sector in NandigaonVillage, Kothur Mahboobnagar Distt.,Andhra Pradesh.

– Waste Minimization in small ScaleIndustries – WMC Extension – Phase II.

– Waste Minimization, Environmental Auditand Management System for the Industriesand Regulatory Agencies.

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– Minimization of Environmental impacts ofSlaughter House Wastes by Value Additionas Pet Foods.

– Demonstration of Waste Minimization inBasic Chrome Manufacturing Unit.

– Clean Technology for Waste Minimizationfrom Nutraceutical Industry.

– Waste Minimisation study in ElectroplatingOperation in Imitation Jewellry UnitMachilipatnam, Krishna Distt. AndhraPradesh.

– “Biological Liquefaction of Waste Fleshingand Treatment with Tannery Effluent forBiogas Generation in Single Reactor”.

– Enhancing the Environmental Performanceand Competitiveness of Vegetable OilIndustry in Andhra Pradesh – WasteMinimisation (WM) Assessment,Demonstration of WM Measures, andTraining”.

– Waste Minimisation in Small ScaleIndustries.

The seventh meeting of the Evaluationand Monitoring Committee has recommendedfour projects for financial assistance. Theseare as follows:

– “Derivation of Engine Fuel from WastePlastic and its Performance Evaluation” bythe Department of Mechanical Engineering,Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar(TN)

– “Waste Minimisation through co-composting of on and off-farm wastes forsustainable crop productivity and soilhealth” by Department of Soil Science andAgriculture Chemistry, AnnamalaiUniversity, Annamalainagar.

– “Production of bioelectricity from sludgeand domestic wastewater using microbialfuel cell” by University of Calcutta, Kolkata.

– “Waste Minimisation in MoradabadBrassware Cluster” by The EnergyResources Institute, New Delhi.

Besides the above, the Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests has sponsored aproject on Waste Minimisation in Small ScaleIndustries to National Productivity Councilunder the Waste Minimisation PolicyFramework. The third phase of the projecthas been initiated since July 2007. As ondate under Phases I, II, and III combined, atotal of one hundred fifty three WMCs havebeen established across India addressingSmall and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) fromover sixty industrial sectors located in sixtyindustrial clusters/townships across seventeenstates.

– Catalysed Group efforts (within and amongindustry associations) for WM

– Demand creation for more WMCs

– Engendering a new plan for networkingetc. where research institutions, SPCBs,LPCs, private consulting firms and industry/firms, interacted through the WMCFramework sponsored by MoEF / WorldBank and executed by NPC towards layinga strong and firm foundation for a WMmovement.

Environmental Benefits achieved from theProject

– Reduction in waterconsumption : 10-35%

– Reduction in electricityconsumption : 15-20%

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– Reduction in fossil fuelconsumption : 10-20%

– Reduction in raw material use : 10-20%

– Reduction in waste watergeneration : 10-30%

– Reduction in Air Emissions(GHG) : 5-10%

– Reduction in solid wastegeneration : 5-20%

– Yield improvement : 2-5%

Central Pollution Control Board


The Central Pollution Control Board(CPCB) performs functions as laid down underthe Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution)Act, 1974, and The Air (Prevention andControl of Pollution) Act, 1981. It isresponsible for planning and executingcomprehensive nationwide programmes forthe prevention and control of water and airpollution, for advising the Central Governmenton matters concerning prevention and controlof water and air pollution and for coordinatingactivities of State Pollution Control Boards /Pollution Control Committees besidesproviding technical assistance & guidanceto them.

The Central Pollution Control Board hasbeen playing a vital role in abatement andcontrol of pollution in the country bygenerating environmental quality data,providing scientific information, renderingtechnical inputs for formulating nationalpolicies and programmes, training anddevelopment of manpower and organizingactivities for promoting awareness at differentlevels of the Government and public at large.

The Central Pollution Control Boardalso co-ordinates enforcement andimplementation of Rules framed under theEnvironmental (Protection) Act, 1986 withState Pollution Control Boards / PollutionControl Committees. It also provides supportto various committees and authoritiesconstituted by the Government of India suchas The Environmental Pollution (Prevention andControl) Authority for the National CapitalRegion.

Activities undertaken so far

• Coordinating activities of State PollutionControl Board for prevention and controlof pollution;

• Development of industry specific nationalminimal effluent and emission standards;

• Development of industry specificenvironmental guidelines andcomprehensive documents;

• Development of charter/requirements forCorporate Responsibility for EnvironmentalProtection (CREP) for seventeen majorpolluting industrial sectors and monitoringits implementation through eight task forcesand steering committees;

• Action plans for improvement ofenvironment in eighty eight criticallypolluted areas and monitoring progress;

• Action plans for improvement of air qualityin sixteen polluted cities and monitoringprogress;

• National water quality monitoring andpublishing annual water quality reports;

• National ambient air quality monitoring andpublishing annual water quality reports;

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• Carrying out and sponsoring researchactivities relevant to environment protection;

• Publishing material relevant to environmentprotection;

Progress / achievements made during theyear

Development of industry / waste specificstandards and guidelines

Petrochemical Industry : CPCB undertook astudy to develop national emission standardfor petrochemical manufacturing units (basicand intermediate products), the proposedemission standards were finalized by ExpertCommittee on 27.02.2009.

Petroleum Oil Refineries : A proposal forrevision of load based standards for SulphurRecovery Units (SRU) in oil refineries has beenforwarded to Ministry of Environment &Forests (MoEF) for notification.

Sulphuric Acid Plant : Revised emissionstandards have been have been linked toproduction capacities for existing & new units.They have been notified on May 07, 2008vide G.S.R. 344(E) in Schedule-I under theEnvironment (Protection) Act, 1986.

Sponge Iron Plants : A document entitled‘Comprehensive Industry Document onSponge Iron Plans’ under COINDS series waspublished. The Standards were notified byMinistry of Environment & Forests videNotification No. G.S.R. 414(E), dated the30th May 2008 in the Gazette of India

Thermal power plants : A study for coal/lignite based thermal power plants wascompleted, it also includes the latestdevelopment in the field, pollution potential(particulate matter. SO2 and NOx emissions)

and water pollution. Ash disposal and itsutilization has also been assessed.

CPCB has conducted a study ondevelopment of guidelines and code ofpractice for control of fugitive emissions fromcoal and flyash storage and transfer pointsin thermal power plants. The study is anadvance stage of completion.

Reduction of Green House Gas Emission fromCement Plants : The study on “Assessment ofgreen house gas emission from cement plants”has been initiated in association with M/s CP Consultants Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. The studywill monitor the C02 emission from cementplants and will suggest various measures forreduction of green house gas emission.

Cement manufacturing industry sectoris one of the major air polluting industry sectorsin the country. There are about one hundredthirty cement plants in the country with theproduction capacity of one hundred ninetyeight MTPA. A study on “Development ofCOINDS on cement plants” has beenundertaken in association with NationalCouncil for Cement and Building Materials,Ballabhgarh.

Soda Ash Industries : Soda Ash industriesare located in the western coast in Gujarat.A study by National Inst i tute ofOceanography (NIO), Goa to assess theeffect of discharge of effluent from SodaAsh industries in the coastal area wasundertaken. The findings of the ExpertCommittee are under finalization.

Electric Arc & Induction Furnaces : A studyon ‘Development of Environment Standardsand Good Practices for Electric Arc Furnace(EAF) and Induction Furnace (IF)’ has been

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undertaken by CPCB, the report is underevaluation.

Mercury Management in Fluorescent LampSector : CPCB has prepared guidelines forthe study on Mercury Management inFluorescent Lamp sector. An Inter-MinisterialGroup has been formed by MoEF foref fective mercury management andimplementation.

Pulp & Paper Industry : Some selected pulpand paper mills were surveyed for the studyon options for black liquor management of:Chemical Recovery System & LigninSeparation Technology.

Odour Control is a priority agendafor all the large integrated pulp & paper millsusing kraft pulping process after inclusion inthe Corporate Responsibility for EnvironmentProtection (CREP).

Electroplating Units : Electroplating activitiesmostly operate in the small scale industry (SSI)sector. CPCB has constituted a National TaskForce to study environmental issues of thissector.

Cashew Seed Processing Industry : A projecthas been undertaken to study the entirecashew nut processing industry sector in thecountry and suggest techno-economicallyfeasible environmental standards.

Plaster of Paris (PoP) : A study on the aboveindustry was undertaken, and the proposedstandards for PoP have been approved bythe Expert Committee of the MoEF.

Stone Crushers : Preparation of the abovedocument has been completed. The emissionstandards & guidelines for pollutionprevention from stone crushers have been

reviewed and revised and submitted toMoEF for notification.

Dye and Dye Intermediate Industry : Dyesand dye intermediates sector is vital in Indianchemical industry, as the sector accounts formore than half of the total export value ofIndian chemical industry. Revision of effluentstandards as well as development of emissionstandards for this sector has been taken upin association with National ChemicalLaboratory, Pune

Environmental Research Activities

Testing and validation of BODBIOSENSOR : A study for testing andvalidation of BOD biosensor based onmicrobial mixed culture for rapid BODdetermination in wastewater was undertaken.The BOD measurement takes considerabletime i.e. three days at 27° C or 5 days at20°C as well as consumes more energy. Toovercome these constraints, attempts weremade to carry out the test with in short period,through the technique using BIO-SENSORprobes. The CPCB has developed a BIO-SENSOR and instrument for rapid BOD testin collaboration with Institute of Genomics &Integrative Biology (IGIB), CSIR, Delhi.

Pilot Plant Study using Sludge - Reagent-Product (SRP) technology : An innovativetechnology on the above has been developedby CPCB for treatment of surface and GW.The study showed that eighty to ninety percentof chemical coagulant (alum), could berecovered from discarded alum-treated-sludgefor recycling and reuse. Construction workfor 0.5 MLD pilot Water treatment plant,based on SRP technology at Bhagirathi WaterWorks (Delhi Jal Board), Yamuna Vihar, Delhiis under progress.

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Elemental Analysis using ED-XRFSpectrophotometer : Energy Dispersive X-RayFluorescence (ED-XRF) Spectrometerundertakes non-destructive elemental analysisin suspended particulate matter (SPM)fractions of PM10 and PM25 of ambient air.The instrument has been commissioned atCPCB, Delhi.

Groundwater (GW) Remediation inKanpur : The pilot project on GW Remediationexecuted by CPCB’s Zonal Office -Lucknowwas reviewed by the Asian Development Bank

Rain water profile at Agra city, Uttar Pradesh :During the year, a series of rainwater samples(May to August 2008) were analyzed forpH, conductivity besides analyses of majorcations (Ca, Mg, Na, Li, K, NH4) and anions(S04, N03, P04, Br, F, CI).

Irrigation using treated effluent from papermills : A study on utilization of treated effluentfrom paper mills for crop irrigation and itsimpact on crop productivity and soil healthwas conducted by CPCB.

Monitoring of Pesticide Residues - interMinisterial Project : The project on monitoringof pesticide residues at national level hasbeen sponsored by the Department ofAgriculture and Cooperation (DAC), Ministryof Agriculture, New Delhi and the All IndiaNetwork Project (AINP) on Pesticide Residues,Indian Agricultural Research Institute NewDelhi and CPCB. It is an inter-ministerialscheme involving Ministry of Agriculture,Ministry of Health, Ministry of Chemicals andFertilizers, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry ofEnvironment and Forest and State AgriculturalUniversities.

Assessment of Phase Distribution of PCDDS& PCDFS in Ambient Air ofDelhi : The dioxin - furan congeners havebeen studied by numerous researchers to havea tendency to get distributed betweenparticulate and vapor phase of the ambientair as well as stationary source emission. TheNational Reference Trace OrganicsLaboratory of CPCB has undertakenassessment of phase distribution of seventeencongeners (2,3,7,8 substituted congeners)between particulates and vapor phase bysampling of ambient air using PUF Samplers.

Color Removal from Agro-based Pulp & PaperMill Effluent - pilot study : CPCB conducteda study on pilot scale for demonstration ofelectro-flocculation process for color removalfrom agro-based pulp & paper mill effluent.The process was found technically feasible toremove color from all types of colored effluentsgenerated from the industry reduction of lignin,COD, BOD and toxicity in terms of AOX andtotal solids.

Determination of Volati le OrganicCompounds (VOCS) by Purge and Trap Pre-Concentration Fol lowed by GasChromatograph - Mass SpectrophotometerAnalysis : VOCs are organic compoundsthat readily evaporate at normal airtemperature. Fuel oils, gasoline, industrialsolvents, paints, and dyes are the majorsources of VOCs. The National ReferenceTrace Organics Laboratory (NRTOL) ofCPCB has initiated the Standardization ofmethodology and assessment of levels ofVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) insurface water, drinking water and groundwater by purge & trap sample pre-concentration followed by GC-MS analysis.

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Trihalomethanes (THMS) In Drinking WaterSources in Bangalore (Karnataka) : The rawpotable water for at Bangalore is obtainedfrom Arkavathi and Cauvery rivers. Aftertreatment / disinfection the treated water issupplied to distribution points viz. TG Halli,TK Halli, Tavanakere and Tataguni. Potablewater samples were collected at the outletsof these distribution points for further analysis,whether Di-chlorobromomethane were presentin the samples.

Human Health Risk Assessment Studies inAsbestos based industries : Various productslike asbestos-cement sheets, asbestos-cementpipes, brake lining, asbestos ropes requireasbestos as raw material. The CPCB hasprepared a document on “Human Health RiskAssessment Studies in Asbestos basedIndustries in India” in collaboration with theIndian Institute of Toxicology Research,Lucknow. The report provides detailedinformation on human risk of asbestosexposure and its health effects.

Laboratories Development

Evaluation and Recognition of Environmentallaboratories under the Environment (Protection)Act, 1986 : Central Pollution Control Boardin association with Ministry of Environment& Forests had developed Guidelines forEvaluation & Recognition of EnvironmentalLaboratories under Laboratory AnalyticalTechnical Series: LATS/9/2005-2006, thisdocument is posted both in the websites ofCPCB and MoEF websites (cpcb.nic.in /envfor.nic.in).

Strengthening of State Pollution ControlBoards’ (SPCBs) Laboratories : The proposalsreceived from various State Pollution Control

Boards through Ministry of Environment &Forests for financial assistance forstrengthening of laboratories have beenreviewed and suggestions provided to makethe proposals comprehensive to facilitatefunding.

Analytical Quality Control (AQC) for Centraland State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs)laboratories recognized under the E.P. Act1986 : The CPCB is monitoring a largenetwork of water quality monitoring stationsunder GEMS, MINARS, GAP and YAPProgrammes comprising rivers, lakes, wells,and ground waters spread over twenty sevenstates and six Union Territories through variousSPCB . In order to obtain reliable and accurateanalytical data, CPCB is regularly conductingorganized Analytical Quality Control (AQC)exercise for laboratories of SPCBs / PCCs,recognized under The Environment (Protection)Act, 1986.

Laboratory Activities at CPCB’s Zonal Offices(ZOs) : Zonal Office (Z.O.) laboratory atBangalore, Kolkata, Vadodara have highlysophisticated instruments for analysis ofvarious environmental parameters.Strengthening of the other ZOs laboratoriesis underway.

Participation of CPCB Laboratories inInternational Proficiency Testing (PT)Programme conducted by New York StateDepartment of Health, USA

In order to ensure analytical quality,the CPCB laboratories at HQs, Zonal Officesat Kolkata and Lucknow participated inProficiency Testing Programme organized byNew York State Dept. of Health, WadsworthCentre, Environmental Laboratory Approval

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Programme, Albany New York for ProficiencyTest of samples related with potable waterchemistry, non potable water chemistry, solidand hazardous waste, potable and nonpotable water bacteriology.

National Water Quality Monitoring

National Water Quality MonitoringProgramme (NWMP)

The CPCB established a network ofwater quality monitoring stations across thecountry, the water quality monitoring networkis being operated under a three-tierprogramme viz.

– Global Environmental Monitoring SystemGEMS);

– Monitoring of Indian National AquaticResources System (MINARS) and

– Yamuna Action Plan (YAP).

Presently the network comprises of onethousand two hundred forty five stationsspread over the country in twenty seven Statesand six Union Territories. Most of the samplingis done on either on a monthly or quarterlybasis for surface waters bodies and on halfyearly basis for ground water quality. Out ofone thousand two hundred forty five stationssix hundred ninety five are on rivers, eightysix on lakes, ninteen on drains, ninteen oncanals, six tanks, twelve on creeks/seawater,twenty six ponds and three hundred eighty twoare groundwater stations. Water quality of twohundred ninety three rivers in major, mediumand minor basins is observed in the country.

Water samples are analyzed for twentyeight physico-chemical and bacteriologicalparameters besides, nine trace metals andtwenty eight pesticides are also analyzed for

some selected samples. Some major cations,anions and micro pollutants (toxic metals &POP’s) are also being analyzed once a yearto keep a assess water quality over largeperiod of time. The water quality data arereported as CPCB publications as WaterQuality Status Year Book and is also displayedin CPCB’s website.

Bio-monitoring is also carried out inspecific locations.

Water Quality of River Ganga

Water quality monitoring of the riverGanga and its tributaries is carried out in theState (s) of Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Biharand West Bengal at thirty nine locations byCPCB’s North Zonal Office - Lucknow.

Water Quality Status of River Yamuna

The entire stretch of river Yamuna(1376 km) is being regularly monitored byCPCB on an yearly frequency at twentylocations, quarterly frequency at threelocations, while on a monthly frequency atother locations. The water quality trend of theriver during the last five years (2004-2008)in terms of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD), TotalColiform (TC) and Faecal Coliform (FC) hasbeen analyzed.

Water Quality Trend

The water quality monitoring data hasbeen analyzed for biochemical oxygendemand (BOD) an indicator of organic matterand for total coliform and faecal coliformwhich are indicators of pathogenic bacteria.The water quality monitoring data obtainedfrom various monitoring stations betweenyears 1995 to 2008 indicated that organicand bacterial contamination continue to be

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critical in water bodies, particularly BOD wasobserved to be very high at some locationson major rivers / canals.

Water Quality of River Gomti

Gomti River, a tributary of the riverGanga contributes to about 15 % flow ofGanga. The average dry weather flow of thisriver is reported to be 1500 MLD, whichbecome as high as 55000 MLD duringmonsoon season and as low as 500 MLDduring the summer. Water quality of RiverGomti was monitored in 2008 from Sitapurupto confluence with river Ganga.

National Air Quality Monitoring

National Air Quality MonitoringProgramme (NAMP)

Central Pollution Control Boardconducts ambient air quality monitoring underthe nation-wide National Air QualityMonitoring Programme (NAMP) comprisingof three hundred sixty five stations coveringone hundred forty one cities / towns in twentysix States and five Union Territories. UnderNAMP, four criteria air pollutants have beentaken up for monitoring at all the locations:

– Sulphur Dioxide (SO2),

– Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2),

– Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and

– Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter(RSPM / PM10)

The monitoring under the NAMP isbeing carried by Central Pollution ControlBoard through its Zonal Offices, State PollutionControl Boards and Pollution ControlCommittees and National EnvironmentalEngineering Research Institute (NEERI),Nagpur.

A study on the assessment of levels ofpolychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDS)and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFS)in RSPM of ambient air at Delhi was carriedout. The CPCB regularly monitors RespirableSuspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) inambient air of Delhi and at several locationsunder the National Ambient Air QualityMonitoring Programme (NAMP). FromJanuary 2008 the assessment of levels ofdioxins (PCDDs) and furans (PCDFs) inparticulate phase of ambient air have beenundertaken by analysis of RSPM collected onglass fibre filter papers from various NAMPlocations.

Emission Inventory and Source ApportionmentStudies for Indian Cities

Under the project ‘Air QualityAssessment, Emission Inventory And SourceApportionment Studies For Indian Cities ‘studies on development of emission factorsfor vehicles, and source emission profiles forvehicular as well as non-vehicular sourceshave been concluded. Source apportionmentstudies have been carried out at six majorcities viz. Delhi (NEERI), Mumbai (NEERI),Chennai (IITM), Bangalore (TERI), Pune (ARAI)and Kanpur (IITK) for assessing contributionof different source categories in the ambientair quality and subsequent preparation of AirQuality Management Plan. The reportscomprise air quality monitoring results for threeseasons.

Revision of Ambient Air Quality Criteria /Standards

CPCB had taken up revision of existingNational Ambient Air Quality Criteria/Standards in association with the Indian

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Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IITK). The draftrevised standards have been finalized in the22nd meeting of the Peer & Core Committee,held in CPCB.

Ambient Air Quality Trend at Tajmahal,Agra

CPCB has been regularly monitoringambient air quality at Agra at four locationssince year 2002. Ambient air quality dataof Agra is also being submitted to Hon’bleSupreme Court of India under Writ Petition(C) No. 13381/1984 M.C. Mehta Vs Unionof India.

Ambient Air Quality under Male Declaration

A ambient air quality station underthe project ‘Ambient Air Quality MonitoringAt Port Canning, West Bengal BorderingBangladesh Under Male Declaration’ at PortCanning, West Bengal is operational sinceSeptember, 2004 which also has onemeteorological station. CPCB is regularlymonitoring RSPM, NO2 and SO2 for atleast ten days in a month. Analysis of therainwater is also being regularly undertakenhere.

Atmospheric Mixing Depth (SODAR)Observations at Delhi

Sound Detection and Ranging System(SODAR) is in continuous operation at CPCBwhich measures the mixing height. TheSODAR data collected in different monthsduring 2008-09 has been analysed.

Mass emissions in vehicular pollution control

Automobile Pol lut ion Controlinitiatives included enforcement of a varietyof control measures ranging from

notification of advanced Euro-IV equivalentemission norms and commensurate fuel fornew vehicles to stricter exhaust emissionlimits for in-use vehicles, augmentation ofinfrastructures for alternative fuels, masstransits and other urban planning andmanagement options. The implementationof the road map as recommended by theAuto Fuel Policy of India has been continuedfor implementation. The Motor Vehicle Act,1988, and the Central Motor Vehicles Rules(CMVR), 1989, are the principal instrumentsfor regulation of motor vehicular traffic /emissions throughout the country. The salientcontrol measures pertain to:

– Mass Emission Standards

– Fuel Quality Specifications

Sewage Treatment

Status of water supply, sewage (collection,treatment and disposal) in Class-I Cities andClass-ll Towns

CPCB has initiated a survey on statusof water supply, sewage collection/treatment/disposal and municipal solid waste (MSW)collection / processing /disposal in Class-ICities and Class-ll Towns.

Survey and monitoring major drains inNational Capital Territory (NCT) Delhi

Twenty one major wastewater drains(outfalls) of NCT- Delhi are being monitoredregularly by CPCB . on a monthly basis. Outof twenty one drains, seventeen drains joinriver Yamuna, three join the Agra Canal andone drain joins the Gurgaon canal. Najafgarhdrain is the biggest drain followed byShahdara drain. These two drains togethercontribute about 58% and 75% of total BOD

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load and total discharge of all the monitoreddrains.

Performance of Sewage Treatment Plants(STPs)

– In Gujarat, there are twelve sewagetreatment plants located in Vadodara(three), Surat (six), Ahmedabad (two),Rajkot (one). In Maharashtra, there aretwenty three STPs located in various cities.CPCB’s Zonal Office - Vadodara hasmonitored nine STPs in Gujarat and twoSTPs in Maharashtra in 2008 - 09.

– The following STPs were monitored byCPBC’s Zonal Office Bhopal in Rajasthanand M.P:

– STP Jalmahal Road, Jaipur (October 20-21, 2008)

– STP Delawas, Jaipur (October 20-21,2008)

– STP Kabitkhedi, Indore (March, 2009)

Performance of Sewage Treatment Plants(STPs) in U.P., Haryana and Delhi underYamuna Action Plan

CPCB regularly monitors four sewagetreatment plants constructed under YamunaAction Plan (three STPs in Haryana State &one STP in Delhi) for their performanceevaluation under National River ConservationDirectorate project.

Municipal Solid Waste

Status of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)Management

CPCB carried surveys for thirty fivemetro cities and twenty four state capitals.Waste segregation was not being done atthe source and this is a major handicap in

MSW management. The estimated state-wiseMSW (generation and collection) in 2008 isgiven in Table-19.

Some of the technologies available for MSWtreatment are:

– Composting

– Vermin-composting

– Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) for utilizing inpower generation

– Bio-methanation

– Landfill as a bio-reactor

The states of Gujarat, West Bengal, Goa,Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtrahave made satisfactory progress inmanagement of MSW.

Plastic Waste

Evaluation of Biodegradable Plastics

A field survey cum study on“Establishment and Impact of BiodegradablePlastics on Environment / Food” wasconducted by CPCB in association withCentral Institute of Plastics Engineering &Technology (CIPET) Chennai. In the study,more than ten units were visited by the studyteam and samples such as poly bags, masterbatches/additives were collected from varioushotels, restaurants, hospitals in and aroundDelhi and analysed.

Co-processing of Plastic Wastes as fuelsupplement in Cement Kiln

Keeping in view the problemsassociated with the disposal of plastic waste,CPCB initiated a study on “Co-processing ofplastic waste as supplement fuel in cementkilns” in collaboration with the Indian Centre

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for Plastics in the Environment, MadhyaPradesh Pollution Control Board at the ACCLtd., Kymore Cement Works, MadhyaPradesh.

Performance Study of Polymer Coated Roads

CPCB in association with ThiagarajanCollege of Engineering, Tamil Nadu undertooka study on performance polymer coated roadsi.e. use plastic wastes in laying roads.

Biomedical Waste Management

Status of Bio-medical Waste Management

Based on the data forwarded by the SPCBs/PCCs CPCB summarized the status of BMWmanagement.The salient features gathered in

2008 - 09 are as follows (excludes ArunachalPradesh and Lakshadweep):

i) Total No. of healthcare facilities: 97,662

ii) Total No. of beds: 12,57,695

iii) No. of Common Bio-medicalWaste Treatment Facilities(CBWTF) : 170

iv) Total No. of healthcarefacilities using CBWTF : 49,971

v) Total No. of healthcare facilitiesapplied for authorization : 47,750

The establishment Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facilities (CBWTF)

Table-19. State-wise MSW generation and collection

SI. No.

States/UTs Total Towns % Waste Collection Efficiency

MSWGeneration

(TPD)

1 Chandigarh 1 75 1389159 2 Gujarat 242 75 24588124 3 Maharashtra 378 70 55052207 5 West Bengal 375 70 27445574 6 Meghalaya 16 68 525243 7 Andhra Pradesh 210 65 25353613 8 Delhi 62 65 22526265

10 Punjab 157 65 10504627 12 Haryana 106 62 7530141 13 Madhya Pradesh 394 62 19347071 14 Uttar Pradesh 704 62 40281443 15 Himachal Pradesh 57 60 642275 16 Karnataka 270 60 22845629 17 Kerala 159 60 9983801 18 Rajasthan 222 60 15687050 19 Tamil Nadu 832 60 37167161 21 Pudducherry 6 56 994048 22 Assam 125 55 3794170 28 Orissa 138 55 6178866 31 Bihar 130 50 9408294

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have been on the rise, from one hundred fiftyseven in the year 2006-2007 to one hundredsixty five in the year 2007-2008 and to onehundred seventy in the year 2008-2009.

Action Plan for implementation of BMW(Mgmt. & Handling) Rules, 1998

In the “Interaction meet” held at NewDelhi on August 08, 2008 a draft actionplan was prepared and circulated to all thestakeholders SPCBs / PCCs / IMA / CBWTFoperators etc seeking their suggestions, thefinal draft Action Plan was finalized andcommunicated to the MoEF for approval.

Hazardous Waste Management

Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities(TSDFs)

Common Treatment, Storage andDisposal Facilities (TSDFs) have beendeveloped for the disposal of land disposableHazardous Waste (HW) at twenty twodifferent places in ten States namely, Gujarat(seven Nos.), Maharashtra (four Nos.), UttarPradesh (three Nos.), Andhra Pradesh (twoNos.), Himachal Pradesh (one No.), MadhyaPradesh (one No.), Punjab (one No.),Rajasthan (one No.), Tamil Nadu (one No.),and West Bengal (one No.). Total wastehandling capacities (disposal capacity) ofthese facilities, is 15,00,568 MTA which ismuch less than the present generation of27,28,326 MTA of land-disposableHazardous Wastes.

The details of Hazardous WastesManagement facilities available in India aregiven below:

– Common Incinerators- Thirteen Nos. in six States

– Individual Incinerators- One hundred twenty seven Nos. in twelveStates

– Total incineration capacity- 3,27,705 MTA

– Present generation- 4,15,794 MTA Incinerable waste in thecountry

National Inventory of Hazardous WastesGenerating Industries

Based on information provided bytwenty seven SPCBs and three PCCspertaining to the period 2007-08, the reporton ‘National Inventory of Hazardous WastesGenerating Industries’ has been prepared andposted on Central Pollution Control Boardwebsite.

The HW management at a glance:

– Land Fillable Hazardous Wastes - 49.55%

– Incinerable Hazardous Wastes - 6.67%

– Recyclable Hazardous Wastes - 43.78%

Performance of Captive Secured Landfill Sites(SLFs) in Central Zone

Many industrial units have beenpermitted to develop captive SLFs within theirown premises to dispose the hazardous wastesgenerated in the processes. Most of therecyclers/re-processors of non-ferrous metalwastes such as lead, zinc etc. and waste/used oil were also permitted to have captiveSLFs in their premises.

Co-incineration of High Calorific ValueHazardous Wastes in Cement Kiln

CPCB had conducted trial runs for co-incineration of high calorific value hazardouswastes in cement kilns, as fuel supplement for

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which, the Ministry of Environment and Forestshas provided concurrence. The studies arebeing complied for finalization.

Societal Risk Cost for Common HazardousWaste Incinerator

CPCB in association with M/s UPLEnvironmental Engineers Ltd has initiated astudy on ‘Computation of Societal RiskAbatement Cost and Long Run MarginalFinancial Cost of Common Hazardous WasteIncinerator’. The objective of the study is tofind out what the user will need to pay forreaching out to the range of alternative levelsof emissions of total dioxins and furans.

Hazardous SubstancesManagement (HSM)

Introduction and Objective

The mandate of the HazardousSubstances Management (HSM) Division is topromote safety in the management and useof hazardous substances including hazardouschemicals and hazardous wastes with theobjective of preventing and mitigatingdamage to health and environment. Majorfunctions of HSMD include regulatory activitiesrelating to hazardous chemicals andhazardous wastes, and planning, overseeingand implementing policies and programmesfor management of chemical emergencies andhazardous substances.

Progress of activities under differentprogrammes

Hazardous Waste Management

Hazardous waste, bulk of which isgenerated by the industries, can causeenvironmental pollution and adverse healtheffects if not handled and managed properly.

Its effective management, with emphasis onminimization of its generation and recycling/reuse taking into account economic aspects,is therefore essential. Various actions havebeen taken to manage hazardous wastes inthe country, which include establishing aregulatory and institutional framework,preparation of technical guidelines,development of individual & common facilitiesfor recycle/recovery/reuse, treatment anddisposal of hazardous wastes, preparationof an inventory of hazardous wastesgeneration, identification & assessment ofhazardous waste dump sites for the purposeof preparing remediation plans and creatingawareness amongst various stakeholders.

To regulate management of hazardouswaste generated within the country as wellas export/import of such wastes, theHazardous Wastes (Management andHandling) Rules, 1989 were notified underthe Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Newrules titled Hazardous Wastes (Management,Handling and Transboundary Movement)Rules, 2008 have been notified supersedingthe earlier regulation. Recycling of e-wasteand the requirement of registration for e-wasterecyclers have been included under theseRules. A national strategy on hazardouswastes is being prepared to facilitateimplementation of an action plan formanagement of hazardous waste, and to fulfillobligations under the Basel Convention ontransboundary movement of hazardous waste,including their minimization, environmentallysound management and active promotion ofcleaner technologies.

The Ministry has sponsored a NationalHazardous Waste Inventorisation project fortracking the waste from its generation to its

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disposal point. An inter-ministerialcoordination committee has been constitutedto co-ordinate at the field level for effectiveimplementation of the HW Rules.

During the year, financial assistanceof 3.2 crores has been provided to the Statesof Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh forestablishment of TSDFs.

Chemical Safety

The Manufacture, Storage and Importof Hazardous Chemical (MSIHC) Rules, 1989and the Chemical Accident (EmergencyPlanning, Preparedness and Response) Rules,1996 are the main instruments for ensuringchemical safety in the country. There are onethousand eight hundred forty one MAH unitsin the country, located in two hundred ninetytwo districts in twenty six States/UTs (twentythree States & three UT’s) of the country.

A sub-scheme entitled” IndustrialPocket-wise Hazard Analysis” has been inoperation since the Eight Five Year Plan. Outof two hundred ninety two districts havingMajor Accident Hazard (MAH) units, hazardanalysis studies have been initiated for onehundred ten districts. Out of these, ninety sixstudies have been completed. During thecurrent financial year thirteen hazard analysisand off-site studies have been initiated.

Financial assistance for conductingtraining programmes on EmergencyPreparedness, Accident Prevention has beenprovided to National Safety Councils,Associated Chambers of Commerce andIndustry, Fedration of Indian Chamber ofCommerce Industry (FICCI) and other staterun institutions. The main objective of theprogramme is to effectively prepare, preventand mitigate emergencies arising due to

chemicals and to impress upon the peopleconcerned the necessity of emergencypreparedness and response.

A Red Book containing duties to beperformed during emergency, names,addresses and telephone numbers of keyfunctionaries of State Governments, StatePollution Control Boards, Chief Inspectorateof Factories, Experts/Institutions is beingupdated.

Under the Indo-Canada EnvironmentManagement initiative, a project has beeninitiated for developing the NationalChemicals Management Profile for India. Themain objective of the project is to assess India’snational infrastructure for managingchemicals, as an important first step tostrengthen national capacities and capabilitiesfor sound management of chemicals. TheCentral Pollution Control Board was entrustedwith the responsibility of implementing theproject.

The Ministry continues to take follow-upsteps for improving implementation of theManufacture, Storage and Import of HazardousChemical (MSIHC) Rules 1989 and theChemical Accident (Emergency Planning,Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996.

A “GIS based Emergency Planningand Response System” for chemical accidentsin Major Accident Hazard (MAH) units hasbeen developed. In selected districts ofGujarat and Maharashtra, steps have beentaken to make the GEPR tool more functional,comprehensive and user friendly foremergency planner and responders. Theadditional features being incorporatedinclude- upgradation of non-spatial data bythe authorities, high resolution mapping to

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enhance the quality of spatial features,enhanced modeling features, online modeling,cascading or domino effects, etc.

A Web Based Online ChemicalAccident Information and Reporting System(CIARS) has been initiated by the Ministry todevelop an online accident reporting andanalysis mechanism where authorities can login and enter accident related informationonline and the data can be sorted, analyzedand reviewed, as per requirement. Thesoftware for this has been developed and alink has been provided to the Home Page ofthe Ministry’s website.

Financial assistance has been providedfor establishment of three Emergency ResponseCentres one each at Kakinada, Vijayawadaand Kurnool districts of Andhra Pradesh.

The Ministry has initiated the processof developing a reference handbook with Do’sand Don’ts of Highly Toxic and FlammableChemicals. The project aims to identify aboutone hundred chemicals, from severity, usageand transportation angles, which requireprime attention by first responders. The projecthas been assigned to the National SafetyCouncil, Kerala Chapter. The report isexpected soon.

The Ministry has initiated the processfor development of National ImplementationPlan (NIP) under the Stockholm Convention.The activities relating to development of NIPhave been assigned to premier scientific andresearch institutions.

Management of Municipal SolidWastes

An Expert Committee to evolve aroadmap for proper management of wastes

in the country has been constituted. The reportof the Committee has been finalized and shallbe published shortly. The report addressesvarious categories of wastes and regulatory,institutional and infrastructural issues.

Financial assistance has been providedfor setting up facilities for management ofMunicipal Solid Wastes in twelve cities/townsunder the Ahmedabad Urban DevelopmentAuthority (AUDA), Gujarat.

Training programmes are beingconducted for various stakeholders onmanagement of Municipal Solid Wastes(MSW).

Management of Plastic Wastes

Plastics are used world over. Theseare littered around and if not collectedsystematically may find their way into thedrainage system resulting in choking of drains,creating unhygienic environment and causinghealth problems. The Ministry has notifiedthe Recycled Plastics Manufacture and UsageRules, 1999 under the Environment(Protection) Act, 1986 and amended them in2003 for regulating and managing plasticcarry bags and containers.

After extensive consultations withstakeholders, the Ministry has now notifiedthe draft Plastics (Manufacture, Usage &Waste Management) Rules, 2009 and invitedobjections/ suggestions to the proposalscontained in the draft notification to finalizethe notification. The new Rules will supersedethe existing Recycled Plastics Manufacture andUsage Rules, 1999 (as amended in 2003).

Training programmes are beingconducted for various stakeholders onManagement of Plastic Wastes.

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Management of Chemicals

The 2nd International Conference onChemicals Management (ICCM-2) under theStrategic Approach to International ChemicalsManagement (SAICM) was held from 11-15May 2009 in Geneva. This was the firstsubstantive meeting of the ICCM, providingan opportunity to take stock of early phasesof SAICM’s implementation and focus onmanagement issues to make the ICCMoperational in the long-term so that by theyear 2020, chemicals are used and producedin a way that protects human health and theenvironment throughout their life cycle. TheICCM-2 decided to address, inter-alia, newand emerging issues viz. lead in paint,nanotechnology and nanomaterials,chemicals in products, electronic waste etc.

An award ceremony was held torecognize the contributions made by differentstakeholders in implementation of SAICM andthe ICCM-2. The Silver Award was given toIndia. An Indian delegation led by Shri R. H.Khwaja, Special Secretary, Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests participated in theconference.

A broad consensus on a Legal BindingInstrument (LBI) for mercury was reached inthe 25th UNEP Governing Council meetingheld at Nairobi in February 2009.

Bio-Medical Waste Management

The Ministry has notified the Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling)Rules, 1998 (BMW Rules) under the provisions

of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 forproper management and handling of Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) generated in thecountry. Under these Rules, the wastesgenerated by Health Care Establishments(HCEs) have been categorized into 10categories and treatment & disposal methodsfor each of these categories of wastes havebeen specified. The status of implementationof these rules is being regularly monitored bythe respective State Pollution Control Boards(SPCBs) and Pollution Control Committees(PCCs) of Union Territories.

The main difficulties faced by theagencies concerned in proper and effectiveimplementation of BMW Rules are lack ofawareness about the rules and lack of propertraining of the medical and para-medicalpersonnel involved in the Health CareEstablishments. The Ministry and CPCBprovide funds for organizing trainingworkshops to the stakeholders. Lack ofadequate common bio-medical wastetreatment and disposal facilities in the countryis also a major issue. The Ministry has initiateda scheme to provide Central subsidy for settingup such facilities.

Awareness and training workshops forstakeholders on Bio-Medical WasteManagement for effective implementation ofBio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling)Rules were conducted in Tamil Nadu,Manipur, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh,with the involvement of the respective StatePollution Control Boards.

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CHAPTER – 5

CONSERVATION OFWATER BODIES

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National River ConservationDirectorate

The National River ConservationDirectorate (NRCD), functioning under theMinistry of Environment and Forests isengaged in implementing the River and LakeAction Plans under the National RiverConservation Plan (NRCP) and National LakeConservation Plan (NLCP) by providingfinancial assistance to the State Governments.

National River Conservation Plan(NRCP)


The objective of National RiverConservation Plan (NRCP) is to improve thewater quality of the rivers, which are the majorwater sources in the country, through theimplementation of pollution abatement works,to the level of designated best use. So far atotal of thirty eight rivers have been coveredunder the programme. The rivers are givenin Table-20.

The pollution abatement works takenup so far under the NRCP include:

– Interception and diversion works to capturethe raw sewage flowing into the riverthrough open drains and divert them fortreatment.

– Setting up Sewage Treatment Plants fortreating the diverted sewage.

– Construction of Low Cost Sanitation toiletsto prevent open defecation on river banks.

– Construction of Electric Crematoria andImproved Wood Crematoria to conservethe use of wood.

– River Front Development works such asimprovement of bathing ghats.

– Afforestation on the river banks, PublicParticipation & Awareness etc.

National Ganga River Basin Authority

The Central Government has givenGanga the status of a ‘National River’ andhas constituted a ‘National Ganga River Basin

S. No

River S. No

River S. No

River S. No.

River

1 Adyar 11 Ganga 21 Musi 31 Tapi 2 Betwa 12 Godavari 22 Narmada 32 Tunga 3 Beehar 13 Gomati 23 Pennar 33 Tungabadra 4 Bhadra 14 Khan 24 Pamba 34 Tamrabarani 5. Brahmani 15 Krishna 25 Panchganga 35 Vaigai 6 Cauvery 16 Kshipra 26 Rani Chu 36 Vennar 7 Cooum 17 Mahanadi 27 Sabarmati 37 Wainganga 8 Chambal 18 Mandovi 28 Satluj 38 Yamuna 9 Damodar 19 Mandakini 29 Subarnarekha 10 Dhipu &

Dhansiri20 Mahananda 30 Tapti

Table-20. River covered under NRCP

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Fig-28. A view of river Ganga

Authority’ (NGRBA) on February 20, 2009.The NGRBA has been set up as anempowered planning, financing, monitoringand coordinating authority for theconservation of Ganga River with a holisticapproach under the Environment (Protection)Act, 1986.

The Authority is chaired by the PrimeMinister and has as its members, the ChiefMinisters of the States through which Gangaflows, viz., Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,Jharkhand and West Bengal. The UnionMinisters of Environment & Forests, Finance,Urban Development, Water Resources, Power,Science & Technology, Deputy Chairman,

Planning Commission are also the membersof the Authority. Upto ten experts in the fieldsof environmental engineering, hydrology, riverconservation, social mobilization, etc can beco-opted as members. The Secretary, Ministryof Environment & Forests is the MemberSecretary of the Authority. The Ministry ofEnvironment & Forests is the nodal Ministryfor the Authority and would provide theadministrative and technical support. TheAuthority has both regulatory anddevelopmental functions. The Authority willtake measures for effective abatement ofpollution and conservation of the river Gangain keeping with sustainable developmentneeds.

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The Notification also provides forconstitution of a State River ConservationAuthorities by the State Governmentsconcerned to be set up under the chairmanshipof the Chief Minister, for coordinating andimplementing the river conservation activitiesat the State level.

This model could be adapted for otherrivers in the country, based on the experiencegained. Besides setting up of the NGRBA, itis proposed to strengthen the ongoingNational River Conservation Programme(NRCP) for tackling polluted stretches for othermajor rivers in the country. The river basinapproach for planning, the attention toadequate flows in the river and improvedinstitutional and implementation mechanismas discussed in the succeeding paragraphsare being adopted for the National RiverConservation Programme by the Central andState Governments.

First meeting of the NGRBA

The first meeting of the NGRBA washeld on 5th October, 2009 under theChairmanship of the Prime Minister. Themeeting was attended by the Chief Ministersof Uttarkhand and Bihar, Union Ministers ofUrban Development, Water Resources andthe Union Minister for Environment andForests, besides the Deputy ChairmanPlanning Commission.

Major Decisions in the meeting

– Approval for Mission Clean Ganga— Nountreated municipal sewage and industrialeffluent to enter Ganga by 2020

The Authority decided that under MissionClean Ganga it will be ensured that by

2020 no untreated municipal sewage andindustrial effluents flow into Ganga.Currently there is a sewage treatmentcapacity of only about 1000 mld against3000 mld sewage being generated in thetowns along Ganga. An estimatedinvestment of Rs 15,000 crores over nextten years will be required to create thenecessary treatment and sewerageinfrastructure. It was agreed that therequired resources will be provided byCentre and States over ten-year period tobe shared suitably between Centre andstates after Planning Commissionconsultations. New and innovative modelsfor implementation like, for instance, specialpurpose vehicles to be adopted.

– Pollution hotspots : While preparation ofcomprehensive river basin managementplan will take time, on-going sewagetreatment projects will be put on fast-track.States will formulate DPRs for new projectsin critical pollution hotspots and major townson Ganga and major tributaries.

– Memorandum of Agreements (MoA):Tripartite MOAs will be signed with theState Governments/Urban Local Bodies/Implementing Agencies for implementationas well as Operation & Maintenance ofthe pollution abatement projects and theinitial portfolio of projects will be sanctionedby the end of the current financial year.

– Action Plan for industrial pollution : UnionMinistry of Environment and Forests willwork with states to prepare specific actionplans for dealing with problem of industrialpollution in Ganga Basin.

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Action initiated so far

The following actions have been takensince the setting up of the Authority:

– Expression of Interests (EOIs) were invitedfor preparing a comprehensive Ganga riverbasin management plan. RFPs have beenissued to ten shortlisted firms. Rs 250 crorehave been allocated in the Union Budgetfor 2009-10 for NGRBA.

– Discussions have been initiated with theWorld Bank for long term support ofAuthority’s work programme.

– Empowered State River ConservationAuthorities have been notified for WestBengal, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh.

– Action has been initiated for third party

evaluation of schemes. Independentinstitutions will be appointed for this purposesoon.

– A Status paper on Ganga has beenprepared by Alternate Hydro EnergyCentre, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT),Roorkee providing an overview of GangaBasin.

– Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpurhas prepared a compendium of differenttechnological options available fortreatment of sewage. The compendium isa collation of information gathered fromthe Central and State Governmentagencies, various organisations and expertsand provides an assessment of theperformance of different technologies.

Fig-29. River front development at Kolkata

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– The National Informatics Centre (NIC) hasbeen entrusted with the work of GIS basedmapping of the entire Ganga Basin. Thework has commenced and is expected tobe completed by mid-2010.

– Action has been initiated for enhancingpublic awareness and communitymobilisation for cleaning of rivers. Stateshave been requested to prepare detailedcity level Action Plans for the purpose whichcan be implemented through City LevelCommittees, to be constituted under thechairmanship of District Magistrates inmajor towns along the river Ganga. TheDistrict Coordinator of NYKS could be theMember Secretary of the Committee. Othermembers of the Committee may includeprominent NGOs, public representatives,officials of concerned departments like theMunicipal Commissioner, Pollution ControlBoard, Public Health Department, ForestDepartment, nodal implementing agencyin the state for river conservation works,etc. The Action Plans prepared by theseCommittees in the Ganga States would besupported and funded under the NGRBA.

Activities/Progress under NRCP

The present sanctioned cost of NRCPprojects is Rs.4691.54 crore covering onehundred sixty seven towns along pollutedstretches of thirty eight rivers spread overtwenty States (Annexure-V). Some of theimportant River Action Plans are detailed below.

Ganga Action Plan (GAP)

The Ganga Action Plan initiated in1985 is the first River Action Plan. Besidesother pollution abatement works, a sewage

treatment capacity of 869 mld. (million litresper day) was created under Phase-I and anamount of about Rs. 452 crore was spentunder the Plan. This phase was declaredcompleted in March 2000. Since GAP Phase-I did not cover the pollution load of Gangafully, GAP Phase-II was taken up whichincluded, Ganga and its four tributaries i.e.Damodar, Gomti, Mahananda and Yamuna.Works under Ganga Action Plan Phase-IIcovers sixty towns along the main stem ofriver Ganga at an Sanctioned cost of Rs.635.66 crore.

Yamuna Action Plan (YAP)

Under Yamuna Action Plan Phase-I,assisted by the Japan Bank for InternationalCooperation (JBIC), a total of 753 mld.sewage treatment capacity was created andthis Phase was declared completed in March,2003.

A loan assistance of Yen 13.33 billionhas been extended by the Japan InternationalCooperation Agency (JICA) which has beenmerged with JBIC for implementation ofYamuna Action Plan (YAP) Phase II, which ispart of the National River Conservation Plan(NRCP).

The project has been approved at anestimated cost of Rs. 624 crore for abatementof pollution of river Yamuna in Delhi, UttarPradesh (eight towns) and Haryana (six towns)under YAP-II. The cost of works is to be sharedbetween Government of India and the StateGovernments in the ratio of 85:15. A sewagetreatment capacity of 189 mld is targeted tobe created besides major rehabilitation/replacement works for sewers and otherpollution abatement works. So far thirty one

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pollution abatement schemes have beensanctioned at a cost of Rs.647.86 crore, outof which seven schemes have been completedand others are in different stages of progress.

The main components to beimplemented under the project are:

Delhi — STP (135 mld capacity new and324 mld capacityrehabilitation)

Rehabilitation/replacement oftrunk sewers (30.82 kms)

UP — STP (54 mld capacity new)

Sewer lines (70.57 kms)

Rising Main (5.25 kms)

Haryana — Sewer lines (73 kms).

Emphasis has also been given onpublic participation, capacity building etc. inorder to ensure better utilisation of assets andlong term sustainability of the project.Implementation of various works is underwayin the States.

Gomti Action Plan (GoAP)

Gomti Action Plan (GoAP) Phase-I

The total approved cost of GomtiAction Plan-I is Rs. 64.01 crore for taking upriver pollution abatement works in the townsof Lucknow, Sultanpur and Jaunpur, out ofwhich the share of Lucknow is Rs.47.75 crore.Under this Plan, out of thirty one sanctionedschemes, twenty nine schemes have beencompleted.

Gomti Action Plan (GoAP) Phase-II

The sanctioned cost of Gomti ActionPlan Phase-II at Lucknow is Rs.263.04 crore.The project cost is to be shared in the ratioof 70:30 between Government of India andState Government. The works in this phasewill include two sewage treatment plants ofa total capacity of 375 MLD (over and abovethe 47 MLD capacity being set up in the firstphase), interception & diversion works ofsewage of the remaining drains and othermiscellaneous items such as river frontdevelopment, toilets, plantation, public

awareness and participation, andacquisition of land. Out of thirtyschemes, works on seven schemeshave been completed.

Damodar Action Plan (DAP)

The scheme of DamodarAction Plan was approved inOctober 1996 on 100% fundingpattern with stipulated period ofimplementation up to December2005 covering eight townsnamely, Bokaro-Kargali,Chirkunda, Digdha, Jharia,Ramgarh, Telmachu, Sindri &Sudamdih in the State ofFig-30. Awareness creation for conservation of river Yamuna

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Jharkhand and Andal, Asansol, Durgapur& Raniganj in the State of West Bengal.

In the State of Jharkhand, all of foursanctioned projects of low cost sanitation inBokaro-Kargali, Ramgarh, Telmachu &Sudamdih have been completed.

In the State of West Bengal out of tensanctioned projects eight projects relating tolow cost sanitation and improved woodcrematoria in the covered towns have beencompleted. The projects of Interception &Diversion and STP of 13.17 mld capacity iscreated so far.

Mahananda Action Plan (MAP)

A project for the abatement of pollutionof River Mahananda at Siliguri town in WestBengal under NRCP at an sanctioned cost ofRs.54.88 crore has been approved underthe Ganga Action Plan, Phase-II. The cost ofthe project will be shared on 70:30 costsharing basis between the Central and theState Government. The project includesschemes of Interception & Diversion, SewageTreatment Plant & River Front Development inSiliguri town

Other River Action Plans

Besides the river Ganga and itstributaries covered under GAP-I and GAP-II,the NRCD has taken up the pollutionabatement projects of fourteen other Statescovering thirty three rivers and seventy onetowns.

The schemes of GAP-II and other riversof the country have been merged underNational River Conservation Plan based on70:30 funding pattern and river waterpollution abatement works under this head.

The sanctioned cost for the NRCPprojects is Rs.4691.55 crore, out of whichan amount of Rs.2937.07 crore has beenreleased by the GOI so far. Eight hundredand two projects have been completed againsta total of one thousand eighty five sanctionedprojects. A target of 4246 mld sewagetreatment capacity sanctioned on the basisof DPRs within the approved cost of therespective projects, a capacity to treat 3095mld of sewage has been created tillSeptember 2009, besides 869 mld capacityalready created under the Ganga Action PlanPhase-I

Details of Projects Approved/Completed

Details of projects completed between01.04.2009 to 31.10.2009 are given inAnnexure IV. The list of projects sanctionedbetween 01.04.2009 to 31.10.2009 aregiven in Annexure III. It was targeted to create385.82 mld capacity through commissioningof Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) during theyear 2009-10. Against this, a total 241 mldcapacity has been completed so far and theworks of the remaining STPs are in differentstages of completion.

Water Quality Management Plan for RiverGanga

The water quality of river Ganga isbeing monitored since 1986 from Rishikeshin Uttaranchal to Uluberia in West Bengal byinstitutions such as Pollution Control ResearchInstitute (Hardwar), CPCB Zonal OfficeLucknow, Indian Institute of Technology,Kanpur, Patna University and Bidhan ChandraKrishi Vishwavidyalaya, Kalyani. As a resultof the projects completed under Ganga Action

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Plan, the water quality of river Ganga hasshown a general improvement despitetremendous population growth along the riverbanks. Water quality monitoring carried outby reputed institutions such as, IIT, Kanpur,Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited (BHEL), PatnaUniversity, etc. indicates that, water qualityof the river Ganga conforms to the prescribedstandards in terms of key indicators, namely,Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) andDissolved Oxygen (DO) at most of thelocations, except in the stretch betweenKannauj and Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh.

The summer average values of twoimportant river water quality parameters viz.Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and BiochemicalOxygen Demand (BOD) recorded in some ofthe important monitoring stations on riverGanga is given in Table-21.

The water quality monitoring has alsobeen undertaken for rivers namely, Yamuna,Western Yamuna Canal, Gomti, Hindon,Satluj (Punjab), Cauvery (Tamil Nadu), Tunga,Bhadra, Tungbhadra in Karnataka andWaterways of Chennai. The number of

Monitoring Distance Dissolved Oxygen* Biochemical OxygenStation in Km Demand*

(mg/l) (mg/l)1986 2009 1986 2009

Rishikesh 0 8.1 8.00 1.7 1.00Hardwar D/S 30 8.1 7.80 1.8 1.30Garhmutkeshwar 175 7.8 7.90 2.2 2.00Kannauj U/S 430 7.2 7.20 5.5 1.50Kannauj D/S 433 NA 7.60 NA 4.80Kanpur U/S 530 7.2 7.50 7.2 3.80Kanpur D/S 548 6.7 7.50 8.6 3.90Allahabad U/S 733 6.4 8.13 11.4 6.25Allahabad D/S 743 6.6 8.13 15.5 4.00Varanasi U/S 908 5.6 7.83 10.1 3.83Varanasi D/S 916 5.9 7.72 10.6 3.10Patna U/S 1188 8.4 7.03 2.0 1.60Patna D/S 1198 8.1 6.88 2.2 2.17Rajmahal 1508 7.8 6.53 1.8 1.65Palta 2050 NA 7.23 NA 2.77Uluberia 2500 NA 5.45 NA 2.47

* Mean value for the months of March to June when the temperatures are high and flows are low. NA — Data not available, U/S — Upstream, D/S — Downstream, mg/l — milligram per litre

Table-21. Summer Average Values for Water Quality on River Ganga under Ganga ActionPlan

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monitoring stations presently are one hundredfifty eight in ten rivers which include twentyseven stations set up in the upper reaches ofGanga and thirty two stations of ChennaiWaterways.

National Lake Conservation Plan(NLCP)

Objectives

The objective of the Scheme is to restore andconserve the polluted lakes in urban and semi-urban areas of the country degraded due towaste water discharge into the lake. Theactivities covered under National LakeConservation Plan (NLCP) include thefollowing:-

– Prevention of pollution from point sourcesby intercepting, diverting andtreating the pollution loadentering the Lakes from theentire lake catchment area.

– In-situ measures of Lakecleaning such as de-silting de-weeding, bio-remediation etc.depending upon the siteconditions.

– Catchments area treatmentwhich may include bunding,afforestation, storm water,drainage, fencing and shoreline development etc.

– Public awareness and publicparticipation

– Other activities dependingupon location specificconditions including publicinterface.

Projects approved under NLCP

National Lake Conservation Plan(NLCP) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme ofMinistry of Environment & Forests,Government of India for conservation/restoration of polluted and degraded lakes.The scheme of National Lake ConservationPlan was initiated with the approval ofconservation and management plans of threelakes namely, Powai (Maharashtra), Ooty andKodaikanal (Tamil Nadu), in June, 2001 ata cost of Rs. 14.90 crore.

So far under NLCP, a total of fortyprojects for conservation of fifty eight lakeshave been sanctioned in fourteen States ata sanctioned cost of Rs. 883.94 crore(Annexure-III). Conservation works foreighteen lakes have been completed so far

Fig-31. Wular Lake in Meghalaya

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whereas in some cases the projectimplementation is in last stages of completion.Funding pattern under NLCP is on a 70:30cost sharing between the Central and theState Government.

NLCP Guidelines

With the experience gained inimplementation of projects sanctioned underthe NLCP, it was considered imperative tomake successive improvements in the existingsystem of project formulation andimplementation. In the process, many of theeminent experts in the field, concerned StateGovernments/Implementing Agencies and allrelevant stakeholders were consulted. Theexisting guidelines of NLCP have since beenrevised after due incorporation of responsesof State Governments and experts feedback.The revised NLCP guidelines are accessibleon the Ministry’s website.

Table-22. Budget allocation under NRCP and NLCP during 2009-10(Rs. in crore)

Sl.No

Name of the Plan Budget Estimate

Revised Estimate

(Proposed)

Expenditure

(October2009)

1 National River Conservation Directorate

(NRCD)

6.33 7.23 3.55

2 National River Conservation Plan (NRCP)

526.00 526.00 196.83

3 National Lake Conservation Plan (NLCP)

45.00 45.00 20.22

Total 577.33 578.23 220.60

Budget Allocation

Budget Allocation for 2009-10 underNational River Conservation Plan andNational Lake Conservation Plan is given inTable-22.

The names and addresses of StateImplementing Agencies under NRCP is givenat Annexure-VI.

National Wetland ConservationProgramme (NWCP)


The scheme on conservation andmanagement of wetlands was initiated in1987 with the following objectives:-

– to lay down policy guidelines forimplementing programme of conservationand management of wetlands in thecountry,

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– to undertake priority wetlands for intensiveconservation measures,

– to monitor implementation of the Programmeof conservation, management andresearch,

– to prepare an inventory of Indian wetland

With the above objectives, a NationalCommittee on Wetlands was constituted.Functions of the Committee are:

- To advise the Government onappropriate policies and actionprogrammes for conservation and wiseuse of Wetlands.

- To review the recommendations of ExpertGroup on Wetlands.

- Review of progress in implementation ofManagement Action Plans.

- To advise on collaboration withinternational agencies on issues relatedto Wetlands

An Expert Group on Wetlands(EGOW) has also been set up for discussingmanagement action plans of newly identifiedwetland and identification of new wetlandsfor the conservation and management.Functions of the Group are:

- Identification of new wetlands forconservation under NWCP.

- In-depth examination of ManagementAction Plans of the newly identifiedwetland as per guidelines prescribed bythe Government of India.

- Suggest amendments to guidelines, if any,for identification of new wetlands, forformulation of Management Action Plan

and for identification of priority areas ofresearch.

– Over the years, based on therecommendations of National WetlandsCommittee, one hundred fifteen Wetlandshave been identified so far for conservationunder the National Wetland ConservationProgramme (Annexure-VII).

– The Research projects to supplementManagement Action Plans (MAPs) forintensive conservation on thrust areas ofresearch are considered by the ThematicGroup for conservation of Wetlands andMangroves constituted by RE Division inthe Ministry. List of the research projectsanctioned during 2009-10 is given inAnnexure-III.


National Wetland Conservation Programme(NWCP)

Main Activities under MAPs of Wetlands forwhich funds provided, include:

– Survey and demarcation

– Catchment area treatment

– Protection measures

– Fisheries development

– Weed control

– Wildlife conservation

– Pollution abatement

– Research on various aspects of Wetlands

– Eco-development activities

– Education and awareness

To supplement the Management ActionPlans, assistance is also given for research

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& developmental activities in various thrustareas of research which are as follows:

– Survey and assessment of resources

– Value of wetlands

– Hydrological functions and assessment ofassociated values

– Assessment and conservation of wetlandbiodiversity

– Anthropogenic pressures and naturalcalamities

– Socio-economic aspects


– During the year, Management Action Plansof twenty seven wetlands have beenapproved and financial assistance releasedto the concerned State Governments. Sofar, an amount of Rs.11.22 crores has beenreleased (till 24.02.2010) against thetotal allocation of Rs.11.90 crores during2009-10.

– The meeting of National WetlandsCommittee was held on 16.03.2009 inthe Ministry under the Chairmanship ofSecretary (E&F) which approved theinclusion of twelve more wetlands underthe NWCP increasing total number ofwetlands from one hundred three in 2008to one hundred fifteen in 2009 coveringtwenty foru states and two UTs.

– The meeting of Expert Group on Wetlands(EGOW) was held on 16.11.2009 inwhich three more wetlands wererecommended for inclusion in the listidentified wetlands under NWCP.

– Two regional workshops at Coimbatore andAmity University, Noida were organizedduring the current financial year forproviding training to wetland managers forimplementation of Management ActionPlans of identified wetlands in the states.

– Regulatory framework for conservation ofwetlands was prepared and was put up onthe Ministry’s website to obtain commentsof all the concerned and State GovernmentsAfter incorporating all the relevantcomments, the draft regulatory frameworkhas been finalized and has been sent toMinistry of Law and Justice for vetting.Thereafter it will be notified under EP Act-1986.

– Guidelines for National WetlandConservation Programme have beenrevised.

International issues and Ramsar Convention

– India is also a Party to the United NationsFramework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC), Convention on BiologicalDiversity, Convention on Conservation ofMigratory Species of Wild Animals,Convention on World Heritage, SupervisoryCouncil of Wetland International, etc. Inter-linkages among these Conventions arefrequently discussed in the inter-Ministerialand intra-Ministerial meetings to developcomprehensive plans on actions for theirimplementation.

– Twenty five sites have already beendesignated as Ramsar sites in India till date.(Annexure-VII). Six (6) more wetlands areunder process of being designated asRamsar sites.

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– Out of Rs. 86.68 crores released so farunder NWCP, an amount of Rs.56.01crores has been released for conservationof twenty one Ramsar Sites out of twentyfive Ramsar Sites. The funds have beenprovided on the basis of managementaction plans submitted by the concernedstate Govts.

– India was re-nominated as Member ofSupervisory Council for another term (2008-2011) on the basis of its achievement forconserving Wetlands of the country.

– India is also a partner to the Himalayaninitiatives along with other Himalayancountries. A Himalayan initiative wasrecently endorsed by the IndianGovernment in 2008

State wise status

Regulatory Acts/Rules governing theprogramme and promulgation of new acts

Regulatory framework forconservation of wetlands was prepared and

was put up on the Ministry’s website toobtain comments of all the concerned andState Governments. After incorporating allthe relevant comments, the draft regulatoryframework has been finalized and has beensent to Ministry of Law and Justice forvetting. Thereafter it will be notified underEP Act-1986.

Budget allocation

An allocation of Rs. 11.90 crore hasbeen made during the year 2009-10 forconservation and management of identifiedwetlands. So far an expenditure of Rs.11.22crore has been incurred till 24.02.2010.

Implementing organizations

Department of Environment andForests, Council for Science and Technology,State Wetland Authority of the concernedstates are the nodal departments forimplementing various conservation activitiesin states where wetlands have been identifiedunder NWCP.

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CHAPTER – 6

REGENERATION ANDECO-DEVELOPMENT

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National Afforestation and Eco-Development Board (NAEB)

Introduction

In order to promote afforestation, treeplanting, ecological restoration and eco-development activities in the country, theNational Afforestation and Eco-DevelopmentBoard (NAEB) was set up in August 1992.Special attention is also being given by NAEBto the regeneration of degraded forest areasand lands adjoining forest areas, nationalparks, sanctuaries and other protected areasas well as the ecologically fragile areas likethe Western Himalayas, Aravallis, WesternGhats etc.

Objectives

The detailed objectives of the NAEB are to:

– Evolve mechanisms for ecologicalrestoration of degraded forest areas andadjoining lands through systematic planningand implementation, in a cost effectivemanner;

– Restore through natural regeneration orappropriate intervention the forest cover inthe country for ecological security and tomeet the fuelwood, fodder and other needsof the rural communities;

– Augmentation of availability of fuelwood,fodder, timber and other forest produce onthe degraded forest and adjoining landsin order to meet the demands for theseitems;

– Sponsor research and extension of researchfindings to disseminate new and propertechnologies for the regeneration anddevelopment of degraded forest areas andadjoining lands;

– Create general awareness and help fostera people’s movement for promotingafforestation and eco-development with theassistance of voluntary agencies, non-government organizations, Panchayati Rajinstitutions and others and promoteparticipatory and sustainable managementof degraded forest areas and adjoininglands;

– Coordinate and monitor the Action Plansfor tree planting, ecological restoration andeco-development; and

– Undertake all other measures necessaryfor promoting afforestation, tree planting,ecological restoration and eco developmentactivities in the country.

Name of the Schemes

NAEB operates the following three majorschemes:

(a) National Afforestation Programme (NAP)Scheme

(b) NAEB Scheme: The major components ofthe Scheme are:-

i. Grants in Aid for Greening India (GIAfor GI) Scheme

ii. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E)

iii. Communication

iv. Support to Regional Centres (RCs)

(c) Eco Development Forces (EDF)

National Afforestation Programme(NAP) Scheme


It continues to be the flagship schemeof NAEB, in so much as it provides support,both in physical and capacity building terms,

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to the Forest Development Agencies (FDAs)which in turn are the main organ to moveforward institutionalization of Joint ForestManagement. The FDA has been conceivedand established as a federation of Joint ForestManagement Committees (JFMCs) at theForest Division level to undertake holisticdevelopment in the forestry sector withpeople’s participation. This is a paradigmshift from the earlier afforestation programmeswherein funds where routed through the StateGovernments. This decentralized two-tierinstitutional structure (FDA and JFMC) allowsgreater participation of the community, bothin planning and implementation, to improveforests and livelihoods of the people living inand around forest areas. The village isreckoned as a unit of planning andimplementation and all activities under theprogramme are conceptualized at the villagelevel. The two-tier approach, apart frombuilding capacities at the grassroots level,significantly empowers the local people toparticipate in the decision making process.Under Entry Point Activities, community assetsare created with a ‘care and share’ concept.The objectives of the scheme are as follows:

– Protection and conservation of naturalresources through active involvement of thepeople.

– Checking land degradation, deforestationand loss of biodiversity

– Ecological restoration and environmentalconservation and eco-development

– Evolving village level people’s organizationwhich can manage the natural resourcesin and around villages in a sustainablemanner

– Fulfillment of the broader objectives ofproductivity, equity, and sustainability forthe general good of the people

– Improve quality of life and self-sustenanceaspect of people living in and around forestareas

– Capability endowment and skillenhancement for improving employabilityof the rural people.

Progress and Achievements during the year

– Eight hundred FDAs have beenoperationalised so far, since the launch ofthe FDA mechanism in 2000-01, at a costof Rs. 3,131.48 crores to treat a total areaof 16.90 lakh ha. (as on 22.02.2010).Rehabilitation of shifting cultivation landshave been given specific focus under theprogramme, and so far thirty five jhumprojects have been sanctioned in NE Statesand in Orissa..

– As on 22.02.2010, Rs. 311.90 crore wasreleased to FDAs during the year 2009-10 for implementation of NationalAfforestation Programme (NAP).

Implementing organization

The NAP Scheme is being implementedthrough two-tier decentralized mechanism ofForest Development Agency (FDA) at ForestDivision Level and Joint Forest ManagementCommittees (JFMCs) at the village level.

Comparison of progress as compared toprevious years

Year-wise progress of NationalAfforestation Programme in the Tenth Five YearPlan and during the current Plan period and

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State-wise Status of FDA Projects are givenin Table-23 and Table-24.

New initiatives under the Scheme

A number of initiatives have beentaken by the Ministry to expedite theimplementation of the scheme as wellimprove the quali tat ive aspects ofimplementation. These include :

– Stepping-up monitoring and evaluation ofthe FDA projects by activation of State-levelCoordination Committees for NAP,increased field visit by officers, andexpeditious commissioning by the States offirst independent concurrent evaluation ofFDA projects

– Increased number of training programmesfor the frontline staff and JFM committeemembers

– Organising district-level inter-departmentallinkage workshops for promoting linkageof NAP with other developmentalprogrammes for enhancing thesustainability of JFM

– Initiating seven pilot projects for establishingforest-based micro-enterprises which willprovide experiential learning for scaling-up such activity with a view to consolidatethe JFM during the Eleventh Plan.

– Comprehensive amendment in Guidelinesof NAP scheme has been made topromote further decentralization bydelegating more responsibilities to StateForest Departments with respect toprocessing of the FDA project proposals,greater organic linkage of JFMCs withGram Panchayats, increased security ofthe elected members of JFMCs through

Year No.of New FDA projects

approved

No. of New JFMCs

involved

Project Area approved

(ha.)*

Release (Rs. in crores)

2000-02 47 1843 71068 47.53 2002-03 237 8197 404799 151.26 2003-04 231 7902 282536 207.98 2004-05 105 3404 106743 233.00 2005-06 94 2362 54432 248.12 2006-07 15 494 0 292.75 2007-08 53 3979 493061 392.95 2008-09 13 6598 173435 345.62 2009-10 (As on 22.02.2010

5 7716 104409 311.90

Table-23. Year-wise progress of National Afforestation Programme (2002-03 till date)

* Area approved for advance soil work/preparatory plantations during the year for all ongoing FDA projects.** Total (financial assistance provided during the year for planting, advance soil work, maintenance etc.) for all ongoing

FDA projects.

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longer tenure of JFMC presidency, capacitybuilding of particular frontline staff of ForestDepartment and JFMC members especiallywith regard to local management andadministrative responsibilities.

Grants in Aid for Greening IndiaScheme


Increasing forest and tree cover (FTC)

Table-24. State-wise status of FDA Projects as on February 22, 2010

Sl. No.

Name of State/Union

Territory

No. of FDA Projects/ Proposalssanctioned

Total project cost

(in Rs. crores)

Total JFMCs

Area (in ha.)

Total Releases (in Rs. Crores)

1 Andhra Pradesh 47 129.76 2555 72623 83.90 2 Chhattisgarh 32 223.73 2611 106160 157.69 3 Gujarat 25 211.76 2027 82705 127.38 4 Haryana 19 128.35 2265 44189 102.22 5 Himachal Pradesh 30 81.82 1556 44883 58.73 6 Jammu & Kashmir 31 109.69 1836 65529 55.28 7 Karnataka 45 212.34 1560 96155 157.84 8 Madhya Pradesh 55 208.87 3270 124332 143.29 9 Maharashtra 48 205.03 3092 119227 134.69

10 Orissa 46 157.69 3547 123307 105.99 11 Punjab 15 38.07 1192 18209 21.91 12 Rajasthan 33 68.95 1059 46890 50.56 13 Tamil Nadu 32 130.83 1580 68192 101.73 14 Uttar Pradesh 69 241.21 2752 130670 193.23 15 Uttarakhand 38 98.33 1900 65576 72.34 16 Goa 3 2.39 26 1250 0.64 17 Jharkhand 34 160.43 2522 97050 118.09 18 Bihar 10 45.12 978 28531 34.12 19 Kerala 27 87.28 615 31816 45.68 20 West Bengal 20 67.48 1960 38248 46.16

Total (Other States) 659 2609.15 38903 1405542 1811.49

21 Arunachal Pradesh 23 40.44 481 30121 25.40 22 Assam 30 80.28 810 52255 61.07 23 Manipur 16 67.91 578 35144 54.80 24 Nagaland 19 71.12 456 43718 62.08 25 Sikkim 8 65.95 244 26003 54.60 26 Tripura 13 40.61 271 29335 29.49 27 Mizoram 24 123.96 528 50120 106.25 28 Meghalaya 8 32.06 224 18245 25.91 Total (NE States) 141 522.33 3592 284941 419.61 TOTAL 800 3131.48 42495 1690483 2231.10

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of the country to one-third of its geographicalarea, as envisaged in the National ForestPolicy 1998, is essential for economic andecological security of the country. Achievingthe target of one-third of FTC, however,stipulates fourfold increase in the currentannual tree planting rate in the country, andthat too, mostly on lands outside recordedforest area (RFA) wherein non-forestorganizations and the custodian institutionscan play a significant role. The scheme‘Grants-in-Aid Scheme, providing assistanceto Voluntary agencies for tree planting’ (GIS)was started for encouraging participation ofthe interested Non-Government Organisationsas well as Government Institutions. It has beenobserved that for raising tree plantations onlands outside RFA, economic return is themajor driving force. These could beencouraged if returns to the growers weremade attractive. The wanting economic returnare largely attributed to the low volume andpoor quality yield of tree products. The mainreason for this that the tree growers do nothave easy access to quality planting material(QPM) due to both paucity of QPM productionfacilities in the rural areas and low awarenessabout gains of using QPM. Recognizing these

constraints, the then existing Grants-in-AidScheme was restructured by incorporatingadditional components of QPM productionfacilities and creation of mass awarenessabout QPM. This was renamed as “Grantsin aid for Greening India” Scheme and threeaspects expressly stated:-

a) Raising mass awareness about QPM andtree planting

b) Enhancing the capacity for QPM productionc) Tree planting with people’s participation

Now, all these aspects have beenwholly subsumed in a new proposed scheme,‘Gram/Panchayat Van Yojana’, which is alsoaimed at afforestation/tree planting in non-forest land on a much larger scale. To lessenmultiplicity of schemes with similar objectives,sanction of new project proposals under GIShave been discontinued w.e.f. 2008-09. Theongoing projects, however, will continue tobe supported till completion

Progress/Achievement made during the year

Financial assistance of Rs.0.90 croreshas been provided to twenty four agenciesfor ongoing tree planting projects as on22.02.2010.

Budget Allocation of the Scheme and Progressof Expenditure

The revised Budget Estimate forongoing projects under the Scheme for2009-10 was Rs.1.00 crores, out of whichRs.0.90 crores has been released upto22.02.2010.

Comparison of progress over the years

Table-25 reflects the progress ofnumber of projects for tree plantingFig-32. Hightech Nursery at Turid, Aizwal

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supported under the previous ‘Grants-in-Aidto Voluntary Agencies’ scheme (until 2004-05) and the present ‘Grants-in-Aid forGreening India’ Scheme till the currentfinancial year 2009-10.

Implementing organization along with details

The scheme is being implemented bygovernment Departments, Urban LocalBodies, Panchayati Raj Institutions, PublicSector Undertakings, Autonomous Bodies,Registered Societies, Non-ProfitOrganizations, Cooperatives, CharitableTrusts, Voluntary Agencies, RegisteredSchools, Colleges, Universities and StateForest Departments. Voluntary Agencies areimplementing majority of Tree Plantingprojects.

Eco-Development Forces (EDF) Scheme

Introduction and objective

Eco-Development Forces wasestablished in 1980s as a scheme being

implemented through Ministry of Defence forecological restoration of terrains, rendereddifficult either due to severe degradation orremote location or difficult law and ordersituation. The scheme of Eco DevelopmentForce is based on twin objectives of ecologicalregeneration in difficult areas, and promotionof meaningful employment to ex-servicemen.

Under this scheme, the establishment andoperational expenditure on the Eco Task Force(ETF) Battalions raised by Ministry of Defenceis reimbursed by Ministry of Environment andForests while the inputs like sapling, fencing,etc. as also the professional and managerialguidance is provided by the State ForestDepartments. In ETF battalions, the MODdeploys its ex-servicemen, preferably from withinthe area of operation, whereas the nuclear coreof the force is constituted of regular servicemen.Some of the ETF Battalions have undertakensuccessful eco-restoration of highly degradedsites, for example the limestone mining areasin the Mussoorie Hills.

Year No. of tree planting projects supported*

Expenditure (Rs. in Cr.)**

2002-03 141 4.00 2003-04 251 8.49 2004-05 266 8.97 2005-06 211 11.76 2006-07 109 5.86 2007-08 129 8.48

2008-09*** 85 3.95 2009-10*** 26 0.90

Table-25. Progress under the previous ‘Grants-in-Aid to Voluntary Agencies’ and the present‘Grants-in-Aid for Greening India’ Scheme

* Includes ongoing projects, sanctioned in previous years also.** Includes grants given for Awareness Generation, High- Tech Nursery and Tree Planting components of the Grants

in Aid for Greening India Scheme.*** Includes only on-going projects as no new project was sanctioned.

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Activities undertaken so farSix ETF battalions are being supported

under the EDF Scheme in the States ofUttarakhand, Rajasthan, Jammu & Kashmirand Assam.Progress/Achievements made during the year

The progress of ETF Battalions duringthe year 2009-10 is given in Table-26.

All ETF Battalions have undertakenworks like raising nursery and plantation andprotection measures to protect the plantationarea. They have also constructed stone damsas also other soil and moisture conservationworks. Besides, the battalions also take upmaintenance of old plantations.

Closer monitoring of physical progressand coordination between the Ministry,Territorial Army and State Governments haswitnessed for timely availability of land andother resources for planting, redeployment/disembodying of surplus ETF personnel inorder to cut down costs, and fur therimprovement in the quality of work.Budget Allocation of the scheme and progressof expenditure

Budget Estimate for the scheme during2009-10 is Rs.10.50 crore out of whichRs.9.64 crores has been reimbursed toMinistry of Defence upto 22.02.2010.Implementing Organizations along withdetails

Directorate of Territorial Army, Ministryof Defence, New DelhiNew Initiatives

Four ETF Battalions are alreadyoperational. From the financial year 2007-08 two more Battalions are functional in theState of Assam.

Regional Centres of NAEB


The Board has seven Regional Centreslocated in various universities/national levelinstitutions (Annexure-II). These Centres helpNAEB in promoting extension of replicabletechnologies and for dissemination of researchfindings. They provide technical and extensionsupport to the State Forest Departments ineffective implementation of regeneration ofdegraded forests and adjoining lands withpeople’s participation and also act as a forumfor the exchange of ideas and experiencesamongst the States of the region as well asacross the regions. In addition, these Centrescarry out problem-specific studies as well asevaluation of NAEB’s programmes in the fieldand organize training programmes and work-shops focusing on priorities set out by the Board.

New initiatives of Regional Centres

The work programmes of the RegionalCentres are being formulated to address theemerging needs of promoting sustainabilityof Joint Forest Management beyond the NAPscheme funding. The new areas includetraining for forest--based micro-enterprises,development of Joint Forest ManagementCommittees, Self Help Groups, district-levelinter-departmental linkage workshops forsynergy of JFM with other schemes ofGovernment and studies on improvedsilvicultural practices for management of non--timber forest products. Seven pilot projectson capacity building for forest based micro-enterprise have been initiated by the RegionalCentres across the country. It is hoped thatbased on the experience of these pilots, theforest-based microenterprise could be scaled-up as a means of promoting sustainablelivelihoods of the forest-fringe communities.

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United Nations Convention to CombatDesertification (UNCCD)


The United Nations Convention toCombat Desertification with 193 Parties, isone of the three Rio Conventions focusingon desertification/land degradation anddrought which have become globalenvironmental challenges.The convention aims atarresting and reversing landdegradation and can, onimplementation, significantlycontribute to achieving theMillennium DevelopmentGoals (MDGs) as well assustainable development.

India became asignatory to the convention on14th October, 1994 andratified it on 17th December,1996. As per theDesertification and LandDegradation Atlas of Indiapublished by the Space

Application Centre in 2007, about 32.7% ofthe land is undergoing various forms ofdegradation. India has thus high stakes andstands strongly committed to implementing it.The Ministry of Environment and Forests isthe nodal Ministry in the Government of Indiafor the UNCCD, and Desertification cell ofthe National Afforestation and Eco-

Table-26. The progress of ETF Battalions during the year 2009-10 (as on 30th September,2009).

New Plantation during the year

Maintenance of old Plantation

Battalion Location

No. of Plants Area in ha.

No. of Plants

Area in ha.

127 Inf Bn(TA) Eco Uttarakhand 4.00 lakh 400 0.41 lakh 40128 Inf Bn(TA) Eco Rajasthan 1.36 lakh 270 7.73 lakh 1360129 Inf Bn(TA) Eco Jammu & Kashmir 0.62 lakh 75 0.87 lakh 73130 Inf Bn(TA) Eco Uttarakhand 5.00 lakh 500 5.00 lakh 500134 Inf Bn(TA) Eco Assam 3.82 lakh 591 2.77 lakh 300135 Inf Bn(TA) Eco Assam 5.20 lakh 520 3.92 lakh 392

Fig-33. Thar Desert

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development Board (NAEB) is the nodal pointwithin the Ministry to co-ordinate all issuespertaining to the convention.

Though the country does not have aspecific policy or legislative framework forcombating desertification as such, the concernfor artresting and reversing land degradationand desertification gets reflected in many ofour national policies which have enablingprovisions for addressing these problems. Itis also implicit in the goals of sustainableforest management (SFM), sustainableagriculture, sustainable land management(SLM) and the overarching goal of sustainabledevelopment which the country has beenpursuing. The subject has in fact beenengaging the attention of our planners andpolicy makers since the inception of planning.The first five year plan (1951-1956) had ‘landrehabilitation’ as one of the thrust areas. Inthe subsequent plans too, high priority hasbeen consistently attached to development ofthe drylands in consideration of the fact thatabout 69% of the country’s lands are drylandsand degradation of these lands has severeimplications for the livelihood and foodsecurity of millions.

India formulated and submitted in2001 a National Action Programme (NAP)to combat desertification, in accomplishmentof one of the obligations that parties to theConvention (UNCCD) are required to fulfill.A broad roadmap to combatingdesertification, NAP recognizes the multisectoral nature of the task, in view of the factthat many of the drivers of desertification havecross cutting dimensions.

Progress of Activities undertaken– As in earlier years, the world over, June

17 was celebrated as World Day toCombat Desertification. For the year 2008,the theme of the day was “Conserving landand water = Securing our common future”.The Ministry organised a workshop on thisday at Jaipur. It was attended by seniorgovernment officials and othersrepresenting the stakeholder ministries ofthe Government of India and the stateGovernments as well as CSOs.

– A three-member delegation from India ledby the Inspector General of Forests (NAEB)participated in the Ninth session of theConference of Parties to the UNCCD (COP9) which convened in Buenos Aires,Argentina, from 21st September – 2nd

October, 2009, along with the Eighthsession of the Committee for the Review ofthe Implementation of the Convention (CRIC8) and the Ninth session of the Committeeon Science and Technology (CST 9). Theagenda items included inter alia four-yearwork plans and two-year work programmesof the CRIC, CST, Global Mechanism (GM)and the Secretariat, the Joint Inspection Unit(JIU) assessment of the GM, the terms ofreference of the CRIC, arrangements forregional coordination mechanisms (RCMs),impact indicators and performanceindicators, the communication strategy andthe programme and budget. Being the chairof the fifty six country strong RegionalImplementation Annexe for Asia and anactive member of the G77/China, Indiacould successfully lobby and mobilizeopinion in support of its concerns which itfelt were important for the country and inthe larger interest of the developing countriesand the convention, and thus made asignificant contribution to the negotiations.

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CHAPTER – 7RESEARCH

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Environmental Research

Introduction

Ministry of Environment & Forests hasbeen funding research in multi-disciplinaryaspects of environmental and ecosystemsprotection, conservation and management atvarious universities, institutions of higherlearning, national research institutes and non-governmental organizations in identified thrustareas under its Research & Development (R&D)Programme. The Research & DevelopmentScheme of the Ministry is a Central PlanScheme for conservation and managementof environment since 1985.

Objectives

The objective of the scheme is togenerate information required to developstrategies, technologies and methodologiesfor better environmental management. It alsoaims at attempting solutions to the practicalproblems of resource management,conservation of natural resources and eco-regeneration of degraded areas. Further, thescheme also seeks to strengthen infrastructureto facilitate research and scientific manpowerdevelopment. In order to achieve theseobjectives, research grants are provided inthe identified thrust areas to variousorganizations (universities, collegesrecognized by University Grant Commission(UGC), institutions of Council of Scientific andIndustrial Research (CSIR), Indian Council ofAgriculture Research (ICAR), Indian Councilof Medical Research (ICMR), Indian Councilof Social Science Research (ICSSR) andrecognized non- governmental scientificorganizations) all over the country.

The Ministry has brought out revisedguidelines in 2006 for supporting research

in Environment which inter-alia include thrustareas of research and their prioritization.

The Ministry supports research throughits established research programmes. Theseinclude Environment Research Programme(ERP), Ecosystem Research Scheme (ERS),Eastern and Western Ghats ResearchProgramme (E&WGRP) and Economic &Social Issues. Thematic Expert Groups forthese research programmes have beenconstituted to screen evaluation andrecommend new projects and also to monitor/review the ongoing projects. The list ofsanctioned projects and completed projectsduring the current financial year are givenin Annexure-III and Annexure-IV respectively.The Ministry also promotes research inEnvironment through the awards of NationalFellowships to the outstanding Scientists. Theseawards are Pitambar Pant NationalEnvironment Fellowship Award inEnvironmental Science and Dr. B.P. PalNational Environment Fellowship Award forBiodiversity.

Programme-wise Progress and Activities

Environment Research Programme(ERP)

Environment Research Programme(ERP) deals with problems related to pollutionand development of suitable cost effectivetechnologies for abatement of pollution.Emphasis is laid on development of eco-friendly biological and other interventions forprevention, abatement of pollution anddevelopment of strategies, technologies andinstruments etc. for control of pollution. Projectsare also encouraged for development ofbiodegradable plastics, to carryout

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epidemiological studies, strategies to reduceimpact of mining, chemical pollution of soils,and hazardous substances includingpesticides, heavy metals etc. Projects relatedto waste recycling and resource recovery fromwaste along with the development of eco-friendly and cleaner technologies are givenpriority. The projects are supported in theidentified thrust area of environment research.

Under the Thematic Group ‘Prevention,Abatement and Control of Pollution’, threeProgrammes / Schemes are covered namelyi) Environment Research ii) National RiverConservation and iii) Climate Change / CleanTechnologies. During the financial year (upto 23.02.2010) Five meetings of the ThematicGroup were held to consider the new /revised/ comments received new proposals& review / monitor the ongoing / completedprojects. Total one hundred sixty eightproposals were considered by the ExpertGroup of which forty nine are recommended.Based on the recommendations of the ExpertGroup twenty eight new projects have beensanctioned during the period. Progress of fortynine ongoing projects was reviewed andmonitored, twenty five revised and forty threecomments received proposals consideredduring the year. The Expert Group alsoreviewed the Final Technical Report (FTR) ofsix completed projects during the period (upto 23.02.2010).

Ecosystem Research Scheme (ERS)

Ecosystem Research Scheme is an inter-disciplinary programme of research whichemphasizes ecological approach for studyingthe relationship between man andenvironment. The objective of the programmeis to develop a basis within the field of naturaland social sciences for rational use and

conservation of resources for generalimprovement of the relationship between manand his environment. The programme seeksto provide a scientific basis to solve thepractical problems of resource management.The programme also seeks to provide ascientific knowledge and trained personnelneeded to manage the natural resources ina rational and sustainable manner. Ecosystemstudies become even more important as theEarth’s environmental ecosystems areincreasingly being affected at all levels.Ecological understanding and research in thisarea offer tangible hope for addressingextremely complex and potentially devastatingassaults on local, regional and globalecosystems. Under the scheme, emphasis islaid on multi-disciplinary aspects ofenvironmental conservation with emphasis oneco-system approach consistent with theidentified thrust areas and orientation.

During the year under EcosystemResearch Scheme four new projects wereinitiated, seven studies were completed andfifteen projects were reviewed and monitoredfor their progress.

Eastern and Western Ghats ResearchProgramme (E&WGRP)

The Eastern and Western GhatsResearch Programme addresses itself tolocation-specific problems of resourcemanagement in the Eastern and WesternGhats regions of the country. The region issuffering from destruction of habitats of itsunique plant and animal life due to floods,hoalson, deforestation etc. besides shortageof food, fodder and fuel for rural populationand shortage of raw material for the industries.Under this programme, studies relating to Bio-diversity, land use, impact of developmental

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activities etc. are taken up to restore theenvironmental quality of the region.

During the year under E&WGRP twonew projects were initiated, twelve studieswere completed and twenty one projects werereviewed and monitored for their progress.

Thematic Group on ‘Economic & SocialIssues’

During the year 2007-08, Ministry hasconstituted new Thematic Group- ‘Economic& Social Issues’. Though no specificprogramme will be covered under thisthematic group, the group would consider allproposals related to cost benefit analysis,socio-economic issues and other miscellaneousissues.

During the year one meeting of theThematic Group was held to consider thenew / revised proposals & review / monitorthe ongoing / completed (FTR) projects. Fournew and three comments received projectswere considered by the Expert Group. Basedon the recommendations of the Expert Groupone new project has been sanctioned duringthe period. Progress of one ongoing projectwas reviewed and monitored during the year.The Expert Group also reviewed the threeFTR of completed project during the period.

Thematic Group-B on Conservationand Sustainable Utilization of NaturalResources

Under the Thematic Group-B onConservation and Sustainable Utilization ofNatural Resources’, four Programmes arecovered namely i) Mangroves and Coral Reefsii) Wet Lands iii) Biodiversity Conservation iv)Man & Bio-sphere reserves. During theFinancial Year (up to 23.02.2010) Twomeetings of the Thematic Group were held

to consider the new / revised/ commentsreceived new proposals & review / monitorthe ongoing / completed projects. Total onehundred eighty proposals were consideredby the Expert Group. Based on therecommendations of the Expert Group twentynew projects have been recommended duringthe period. Progress of twenty three ongoingprojects was reviewed and monitored andfifteen new proposals send for further revisionby the Group during the year. The ExpertGroup also reviewed the Final TechnicalReport (FTR) of eight completed projects duringthe period (up to 23.02.2010).

Thematic Group-B on Conservationand Management of Wildlife andAnimal Welfare

Under the Thematic Group-B onConservation and Management of Wildlifeand Animal Welfare, two Programmes arecovered namely Wildlife Conservation andAnimal Welfare. During the Financial Year(up to 31.12.2009) one meetings of theThematic Group were held to consider thenew / revised/ comments received newproposals & review / monitor the on going /completed projects. Total fifty three proposalswere considered by the Expert Group. Basedon the recommendations of the Expert Groupfive new projects have been recommended andprogress of eighteen ongoing projects wasreviewed and monitored during the year. TheExpert Group also reviewed the Final TechnicalReport (FTR) of two completed projects duringthe period (up to 31.12.2009).

The total allocation for R&D Schemeduring 2009-10 is Rs. 6.0 crores. The entireamount is utilized for ongoing and new

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projects based on the recommendations ofthe Thematic Expert Groups.

Summaries / Research findings of some ofthe Projects completed during the year

Studies of the biosystematics of parasiticwasps of Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera) of Keralaincluding Southern Western Ghats by Dr. T.C.Narendran, Department of Zoology, Universityof Calicut-673635, Kerala

The project was sanctioned to makean inventory of the genera species of Eupelmidfauna existing in Kerala including theadjoining parts of Southern Ghats. Duringthe project period forty eight additionalspecies and four genera were reported.Among these thirty species are new to science.This taxonomic investigation in the SouthernWestern Ghats unraveled several endemicspecies of interesting and economicallyimportant eupelmids. Only twenty sixEupelmid species in eight genera were knownbefore undertaking this investigation. Thecomplete check-list for all eupelmid speciesfound in Southern Western Ghats wereprepared, that can be used as a referencematerial for further study in taxonomy,biocontol, agriculture and biodiversity. Thebio-geographic distribution data of theEupelmids prepared and the need to conservethem is emphasized.

Behavioural ecology of the lesser Dog facedfruit Bat by Dr. Sripathi Kandula, Departmentof Animal Behaviour & Physiology, MaduraiKamaraj University, Madurai-625021

The aim of this study was to study thebehavioural ecology of the lesser dog-facedfruit bat Cynopterus brachyotis in southernWestern Ghats. Cynopterus brachyotis

occurred only at higher altitudes (800-1500m or more) of southern Western Ghats andprefer to stay in higher elevations. The dayroots of Cynopterus brachyotis at an altitudeabove 1000 metre in Sirumalai hill rangeYercaud have been located. From our radio-telemetry observation, the male and femalebats used five & six different foraging areasrespectively and the male bats foraged ca.4to 4.5 km and the female bats foraged ca.five to six kilometre. Males generallypreferred to forage at shorter distances fromthe day roost whereas the females commutesto longer distance and thy had more thanone foraging areas. These results suggestthat some type of territoriality is associatedwith shelter, which appears to be the basisof social organization in Cynopterusbrachyotis.

Identification of New Thrust / Priority Areas

A State of the Art Report onBioremediation of Contaminated Sites in Indiahas been given to Prof. MNV Prasad, CentralUniversity, Hyderabad and the same is underfinalization and publication.

The progress of the project on“Reclamation of copper rich Malajkhandtailing dam through Bioremediation employingbiconsortia of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungiand bacteria” taken up by Madhya PradeshPollution Control Board in collaboration withM/s Hindustan Copper Ltd. was reviewed bythe Expert Group. The committee has identifiedsome contaminated sites to be taken up underthe programme.

New Initiatives under R&D Scheme

During the year, in addition to theongoing programmes in the area of Research

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in Environment under the R&D scheme, thefollowing four new initiatives have been takenup:

– Institution of MoEF – National EnvironmentFellow Programmes

– Institution of Mahatma Gandhi Chair forEcology and Environment

– Collaborative Research Programme withCSIR.

– New Institutions - National EnvironmentProtection Training & Research Institute(NEPTRI).

Institution of a National EnvironmentalSciences Felllows Programme

The National Environmental SciencesFellows Programme, a new initiative underthe R&D scheme of the Ministry, was launchedby the Minister for Environment & Forests on4th February, 2010. The main objective ofthis fellowship programme is to provide anopportunity for young scientists-both Indianand of Indian origin- desirous of working atthe forefront of environmental sciences andengineering with a focus on problem solvingenvironmental research. It is proposed to selectupto ten National Environmental SciencesFellows every year who would be functioningas Host Institutions. The NationalEnvironmental Sciences Fellows will carry outresearch on the thrust areas identified by theManagement Committee constituted for thepurpose by the Ministry, at the selected HostInstitutions.

A booklet containing detailedguidelines including the proforma forsubmission of application, Memorandum ofUnderstanding to be entered into betweenthe Host Institutions and MoEF etc. has been

prepared and is available in the website ofthe Ministry.

Institution of Mahatma Gandhi Chair forEcology and Environment

A Mahatma Gandhi Chair forEcology and Environment has been set up atthe Centre for Biodiversity Studies, BabaGhulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri,Jammu & Kashmir during 2009-10. The mainobjective of the Chair is to promote Gandhianthoughts, ideas and philosophy onEnvironment & Development with a view toattaining sustainable development in the truestsense. The Fellow for the Chair will be selectedby a Selection Committee to be constitutedby the Vice Chancellor, Baba Ghulam ShahBadshah University, Rajouri, Jammu &Kashmir, in consultation and with the approvalof the Ministry.

The selected Fellow will work on anyone of the eleven thrust areas identified bythe Ministry. Detailed guidelines are underfinalisation.

Collaborative Research Programme with CSIR

During the year action has beeninitiated to set up a Collaborative ResearchProgramme with CSIR. The thrust areasidentified for this programme are as follows:

– Waste water treatment

– Solid waste management

– Reclamation of lakes

– Bioremediation of contaminated sites

A proposal has been received fromthe National Environmental EngineeringResearch Institute (NEERI), Nagpur which isunder examination.

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National Environment Protection Training &Research Institute (NEPTRI)

It is proposed to set up a specializedNational Environmental Institute which willundertake capacity building, research,consultancy and advocacy activities to supportthe Ministry and other Central & StateGovernment organizations in achieving theirenvironmental mandates and goals. In thisregard, it has been decided that theEnvironment Protection Training & ResearchInstitute (EPTRI), which is owned and operatedby the Government of Andhra Pradesh(GoAP), shall be converted into a NationalEnvironment Protection Training & ResearchInstitute (NEPTRI), to be operated as a jointventure between Government of India andthe GoAP.

The Government of Andhra Pradeshhas conveyed its approval for the same andaction has been initiated for the setting upof NEPTRI as a joint venture between theMinistry and GoAP.

National Natural ResourceManagement System (NNRMS)

The Scheme of National NaturalResource Management System (NNRMS)involves utilization of remote sensingtechnology for accurate inventory of resourcessuch as land, water, forests, minerals, oceans,etc. and to utilize this information formonitoring changes in ecological system. AStanding Committee on Bio-resources andEnvironment (SC-B) has been constituted bythe Planning Commission under theChairmanship of Secy. (E&F) with the followingobjectives:

– Optimal utilization of country’s naturalresources by a proper and systematic

inventory of resource availability.

– Reducing regional imbalances by effectiveplanning and in tune with the environmentalefforts

– Maintaining the ecological balance with aview to evolve and implement theenvironmental guidelines.

The Standing Committee on Bio-resources and Environment (SC-B) constitutedby the Planning Commission advises on themethods of using the remote sensingtechnology for optimal use and managementof natural resources in the country. In orderto streamline the projects the SC-B hasconstituted a Technical & Financial Sub-Committee to scrutinize/review all theproposals submitted for funding underNNRMS SC-B from the technical and financialangle. Only those proposals recommendedby the Technical and Financial Sub-Committeeare taken up by NNRMS SC-B for financialassistance. The Committee also oversees andmonitors the progress of sanctioned projects

Achievements during the year

During the year, two Meetings ofTechnical and Financial Sub – Committee ofNational Natural Resource ManagementSystem on Bio-resources and Environment(NNRMS SC-B) were held to evaluate thenew projects from financial and technicalangles. Based on the recommendations ofThe Standing Committee of NNRMS SC-B,Eight new projects have been initiated/sanctioned during the period (Annexure-III).The Standing Committee of NNRMS SC-B inits meeting held on 10th February, 2009recommended six new projects including twomega projects for funding. The StandingCommittee also reviewed the recently

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completed two mega projects (Annexure-IV)and suggested that the Final Technical Report(FTR) of the project should be submitted andplaced before the Technical and FinancialSub-Committee of NNRMS SC-B for its perusaland acceptance.

Based on the results obtained andexperience gained during the implementationof the project on “Monitoring of Snow andGlaciers in Himalayas” the Ministry ofEnvironment & Forests has decided to continuethe work on snow and glacier monitoring inthe Himalaya and suggested that SpaceApplications Centre (SAC) take up this workin collaboration with all the organizations ofthe country working in this field. Accordingly,phase-II of the project has been prepared bythe SAC, Ahmedabad for consideration bythe Ministry. Under this project the Monitoringof seasonal snow cover for the entire Himalayaand Monitoring the retreat/advance of theglaciers in the representative basins will betaken up.

The Hon’ble MOS (I/C) E&F releasedthe MoEF discussion paper on ‘HimalayanGlaciers: A State-of-Art Review of GlacialStudies, Glacial Retreat and Climate Change’on 9th November,2009, prepared by ShriV.K. Raina, Ex-Deputy Director General,Geological Survey of India (GSI)..

Research on Wetlands, Mangrovesand Coral Reefs

– Under National Wetland ConservationProgramme during the year, ManagementAction Plan of twenty seven wetlands havebeen approved. Details about it are givenat Chapter-2.

– The National Committee of Mangroves andCoral Reefs monitor the implementation of

the approved Management Action Plan forthe Coastal States and UTs. The NationalCommittee met on 29-30th September,2009 at Andhra University,Vishakhapatnam and reviewed theManagement Action Plans of Gujarat, TamilNadu, West Bengal, Orissa, Karnataka andGoa. The National Committee alsodiscussed the significant research findingson ongoing projects on Mangroves andCoral Reefs.

G.B. Pant Institute of HimalayanEnvironment and Development,Kosi-Katarmal, Almora

Introduction

G.B. Pant Institute of HimalayanEnvironment and Development (GBPIHED) wasestablished in August 1988 by the Ministryof Environment and Forests, Government ofIndia, as an autonomous Institute, with amandate of achieving sustainabledevelopment and environmental conservationin the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). TheInstitute executes its mandate through theHeadquarters located at Kosi-Katarmal,Almora (Uttarakhand), and four regional Unitslocated at Kullu (Himachal Pradesh), Srinagar-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Pangthang (Sikkim)and Itanagar (Arunachal Pradesh). TheInstitute designs and implements R&D activitieson priority environmental problems; developsand demonstrates best practices and deliverstechnology packages for improved livelihoodoptions for the people of IHR. The identifiedthematic categories for Institute R&D activitiesinclude: (i) Watershed Processes andManagement (WPM), (ii) BiodiversityConservation and Management (BCM), (iii)Environmental Assessment and Management

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(EAM), (iv) Socio-economic Development(SED), (v) Biotechnological Applications (BTA),and (vi) Knowledge Products and CapacityBuilding (KCB). The projects sites, spread overdifferent parts of IHR, have been selectedcarefully keeping in view the biophysicalheterogeneity and location-specific needs ofthe inhabitants. All activities are need-based,target-oriented and time-bound. Research,demonstration and dissemination areunderlying elements of all project activitiesgeared towards development of environment-friendly technology packages.

Objectives

The Institute has three broad objectives:

– To undertake in-depth research anddevelopment studies on environmentalproblems of the Indian Himalayan Region;

– To identify and strengthen the localknowledge of the environment andcontribute towards strengthening researchesof regional relevance; and

– To evolve and demonstrate suitabletechnology packages and delivery systemsfor sustainable development of the regionin harmony with local perceptions.


The achievements with wide rangeimplications include the following:

– Contribution toward the development of adocument for National Mission onSustaining Himalayan Ecosystem; asdesired by MoEF, the Institute prepared adraft Base Paper “Conservation ofHimalayan Ecosystem and Adaptation/Regulation Measures” for the SEPM. The

base paper subsequently formed the basisof a joint publication of MoEF and GBPIHED“Governance for Sustaining HimalayanEcosystem – G-SHE : Best Practices andGuidelines”. The document was releasedby Hon’ble Minister of State (I/C), MoEFon 29.9.09.

– Institute has been designated as TechnicalSecretariat for the Himalayan SustainableDevelopment Forum (Shimla Declaration)based on Himalayan Chief Ministers’Conclave held in October, 2009 at Shimla.

– Institute contributed to the discussion paperon Himalayan Glaciers: A State-of-ArtReview of Glacier Studies, Glacier Retreat& Climate Change published jointly withMoEF and released by Hon’ble Minister ofState (I/C), MoEF on 09.11.09.

– A draft document for the Task Force ofPlanning Commission of India on criticalissues related to hill states and hill areaswas prepared.

– Based on the feasibility document preparedby the Institute, the Ministry has designatedthe Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve (CDBR)covering parts of Himachal Pradesh; onreceipt of concurrence from the StateGovernment, the relevant parts of J & Kmay be included in the CDBR.

– Through implementation of GOI-UNDP CCF-II project of Biodiversity Conservationthrough community based Natural ResourceManagement, the Institute mobilized tribalcommunities for participation in theconservation work in remote areas ofArunachal Pradesh.

– The Disaster Management faculty, SikkimUnit of the Institute continued to act as

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resource center for capacity building ofvarious stakeholder groups in Sikkim.

– Through its Integrated Eco-developmentResearch Programme, the Inst i tuteextended funding support to Universities,R&D Institutions, NGOs and others in theIHR to carry out time bound R&D projectssupplementing the mandate of theInstitute. During the year, support toeighteen on-going/completed projectswas given.

Research and Development Achievements

Socio Economic Development (SED) &Environmental Assessment and Management(EAM)

The group includes two themes;(i) Socio Economic Development (SED) whichfocuses on activities, such as livelihoodenhancement, sustainable tourism,entrepreneurship and self employment,indigenous knowledge, and socio-economicand cultural implications, migration, etc; and(ii) Environmental Assessment andManagement (EAM) targeting on activitiessuch as hill specific Strategic EnvironmentalAssessment (SEA), Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA), valuation of ecosystemservices, climate change impacts, disastermitigation and management, andenvironmental management of urban areas,etc.

Watershed Processes and Management(WPM) & Knowledge Products and CapacityBuilding (KCB)

Watershed Process and Management(WPM) and Knowledge Products andCapacity Building (KCB) are two majorthematic thrusts of this group. Through its WPM

theme, group focuses on studies of ecosystemprocesses operational at the watershed level,including the involvement of user groups andupstream-downstream linkages, with anoverall aim of strengthening of mountainspecific resource management practices usinga systems approach. The KCB theme of thisgroup conducts activities that lead toenhancement of Institutional outreach, basedon its research products such as state-of-theart methodologies/approaches, models andpolicy briefs, etc.

Biodiversity Conservation and Management(BCM) & Biotechnological Applications (BTA)

The group includes two thematic areas(i) Biodiversity Conservation and Management(BCM), and (ii) Biotechnological Applications(BTA); the aim is to ensure long termconservation of sensitive Himalayanbiodiversity elements and improvement in therural economy of the Indian HimalayanRegion.

Application of R & D outputs in Demonstrationand Dissemination

Capacity building through Rural TechnologyCenter (RTC)

– A total of thirty two hill specific andenvironment friendly technologies thosewere demonstrated at the RuralTechnology Center (Institute HQs) actedas live demonstrations for capacitybuilding of six hundred fifty seven ruralinhabitants (three hundred eighty male& two hundred seventy seven females).

– RTC organized three training programmefor the farmers of three districts (TehriGarhwal, Chamoli and Bageshwar) in

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Uttarakhand under Livelihoodimprovement programme of UttarakhandParvatiya Aajeevika SanvardhanCompany (UPASaC). The programmeresulted in capacity building of eightyprogressive farmers, selected byUPASaC.

– Capacity building programmes were alsoorganized for the farmers of eight villagesin upper Kedar valley (Garhwal hills inUttarakhand). The programmes focusedon organic farming, off-seasonalvegetable cultivation, protected farming,bioprospecting/value addition, fishfarming, mushroom cultivation, medicinalplant cultivation and entrepreneurshipdevelopment.

– Training programmes were organized forsenior and middle level officers for manyof the State Government Departments(i.e., Irrigation & Flood control, Health& PHE, Building and HousingDepartment, UD & HD, Mines & Geology,

Forest Environment & WildlifeManagement Department, Roads &Bridges, Geological Survey of India, DST,Border Road Organization, NGO,Police, etc.).

On site trainings and exposure

– On-site trainings and formal meetingswere organized, covering over twentynine villages, four Van Panchayat, threeNGO groups and one hundred fortyfarmers in Uttarakhand. Also, a two-dayon-site training programme on “Fodderproduction in community lands forlivelihood enhancement” was organizedfor forty five stakeholders

– Seven days training programme on“Nature Science Activity Camp” wasorganized focusing on medicinal plantsconservation. Over fifty participantsrepresenting students, teachers andNGOs of the Kullu valley participated.

– Towards promoting outreach through

Fig-34. Exposure visit on conservation and sustainable utilization of medicinal plantsorganised by GBPIHED

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Conservation Education (CE), trainingworkshop was organized at G.I.C. Matli,Uttarkashi. A total of one hundred sixindividuals (representing thirty schools)participated. Also, Under PROBEprgramme of DST, training programmeswere organized for identified teachersand students of Himachal Pradesh (twentyschools) and Uttarakhand (twenty oneschools).

Strengthening of ICIMOD- India Programmes

The GBPIHED, which has beenidentified as nodal institute to represent NodalMinistry MoEF for coordination and facilitationof implementation of ICIMOD-Indiaprogrammes, made significant strides forstrengthening the collaboration with ICIMOD.The major initiatives during the year include:(i) Organization of joint photo-exhibitions on‘Himalaya – Changing Landscape’ at Kosi-Katarmal, Almora (September 10-12, 2009);Shimla (October 29-30, 2009); Mohal-Kullu(November 2-3, 2009); Srinagar, Garhwal(November 6-7, 2009); (ii) Extensiveconsulation and signing of LoA forimplementation of ‘Mt Kailash SacredLandscape (KSL) Conservation Initiativeproject; (iii) Implementation of activitiespertaining to small duration projects –‘Development of Baseline Information andIdentification of Potential Corridors forNamdapha National Park (tiger reserve) andMouling National Park (Arunachal Pradesh),and Assessment of Biodiversity Value andEcosystem Services in the Protected Areas ofSikkim.

Dissemination of Findings

Throughout the year, the R&D findingsof the Institute were disseminated through

publication of research papers in scientificjournals and magazines, popular articles andbooks and through Institute publications: Pt.G.B. Pant Memorial Lectures by eminentthinkers and scholars, Hima-Paryavaran(Biannual-Newsletter), ENVIS Bulletin, ENVISNewsletter, Himalayan Biosphere ReserveBulletin (Biannual) by Lead centre, and AnnualReport.

Budget Allocation of the Scheme during theyear and Progress of Expenditure

An amount of Rs.1000.00 lakh wasallocated for this scheme and of whichRs.739.35 lakh has been spent upto 18-01-2010.

Forestry ResearchIndian Council of Forestry Researchand Education (ICFRE), Dehradun

Indian Council of Forestry Researchand Education (ICFRE), an apex body in thenational forestry research system, has beenundertaking the holistic promotion of forestryresearch through need based planning,promoting, conducting and coordinatingresearch, education and extension coveringall aspects of forestry. The Council promotes

the solution based forestry research intune with the emerging issues in the sector,including global concerns such as climatechange, conservation of biological diversity,combating desertification and sustainablemanagement and development of resources.Topical research by the Council enhancespublic confidence in the ability of forestmanagers and researchers to successfullyhandle challenges related to natural resourcemanagement.

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Objectives

– To undertake, aid, promote and coordinateforestry education, research and theirapplications.

– To develop and maintain a national libraryand information centre for forestry andallied sciences.

– To act as a collating-house for researchand general information related to forestsand wildlife.

– To develop forestry extension programmesand propagate the same through massmedia, audio-visual aids and extensionmachinery.

– To provide consultancy services in the fieldof forestry research, education and alliedsciences.

– To undertake other jobs considerednecessary to attain these objectives.

Institutes and Centres under the Council

ICFRE has eight Regional ResearchInstitutes and four Research Centres locatedin different bio-geographical regions of thecountry to cater to the forestry research needsof the nation.

Research Institutes under the Council are

– Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun

– Institute of Forest Genetics and TreeBreeding (IFGTB), Coimbatore

– Institute of Wood Science and Technology(IWST), Bengaluru

– Tropical Forest Research Institute (TFRI),Jabalpur

– Rain Forest Research Institute (RFRI), Jorhat

– Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI), Jodhpur

– Himalayan Forest Research Institute (HFRI),Shimla

– Institute of Forest Productivity (IFP), Ranchi

Advanced Research Centres under the Councilare

– Centre for Social Forestry and Eco-Rehabilitation (CSFER), Allahabad

– Centre for Forestry Research and HumanResource Development (CFRHRD),Chhindwara

– Forest Research Centre (FRC), Hyderabad

– Advanced Research Centre for Bamboo andRattans (ARCBR), Aizawl

Activities undertaken by the Council General

– Shri Jairam Ramesh Hon’ble Minister ofState (Independent charge) for Environment& Forests, Government of India, visitedICFRE and FRI, Dehradun on 2nd June 2009and reviewed the activitites of ICFRE anddiscussed the issues of initiating All IndiaCo-ordinated Project (AICP) in mining sectorand strengthening of some of the ResearchCentres of the Council.

– ICFRE along with delegation of Governmentof India participated in the thirtieth sessionof the Subsidiary Body for Scientific andTechnological Advice (SBSTA) andSubsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI),sixth session of AWG-LCA, and eighthsession of AWG-KP at Bonn, Germany from1st to 12th June.

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– ICFRE as a part of Government of Indiandelegation participated in the ClimateChange talk held at Bonn, Germany from10th to 14th August.

– ICFRE in Co-ordination with Coalition forRainforest Nations (CfRN) organized a threeday international workshop on “NationalForest Inventory: The Experiences of Non-Annex I Countries” from 27th to 29th April2009 at ICFRE, Dehradun. The workshopwas attended by sixty one delegates fromthirty two countries, and subject experts fromsix international organizations from GTZ,FAO, World Bank Forest Carbon PartnershipFacility, EU JRC, CfRN, and JapanInternational Cooperation Agency.

– ICFRE concluded the ICFRE- ITTO projectwith a one - day wrap-up national seminarheld on 26th June 2009. The project initiatedon 1st July 2006, which was beingimplemented by the Division of Statistics,Directorate of Extension ICFRE. The seminarwas held primarily to disseminate the

findings of the project including the newcondensed database in compatible formats.A statement from the International TropicalTimber Organization (ITTO) was also readduring the seminar in which theimplementation of the project has beenappreciated by the funding agency. Themodalities of creating a Forestry StatisticalSystem in the country based on theexperiences in terms of terminology,methodology and technology was alsodiscussed.The seminar was attended bythirty four participants from the State ForestDepartments, Nodal Officers (Statistics) ofICFRE Institutes, other organizations likeTIFAC, Kerala Forest Research Institute,National Sample Survey Organization,Forest Survey of India, etc.

Institute-wise Development in the field ofResearch

Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun

– Identification of four phenolic acids inheartwood of Eucalyptus hybrid derived

Fig-35. Participants of the International Workshop on ‘National Forest Inventory: the experience ofNon-Annex I countries at ICFRE, Dehradun

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from Eucalyptus ci tr iodora andE.torelliana.

– Identification of four accessions of Acoruscalamus plant with less b –Asarone contentuseful for pharmaceutical industry

– Finding of aromatic oils having antifungalactivity against fungal infestation of storedmedicinal plant produce

– Assessments of pathogenicity of Dreshleraisolates (15) on G3 clone of Populusdeltoids.

Designing species specific primers for quickidentification of Cordyceps sinensis.

– Under the “Digitization of FRI Herbarium”programme, 544 species details and 2992herbarium label data cards were prepared.In all 2435 specimens were digitized ofwhich 2024 were edited for uploading inthe database.

Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI), Jodhpur

– It was observed that soils of SriGanganagar district are mainly old alluvialcovered with aeolian deposits of varyingsizes supporting desert dune scrub type ofvegetation. The vegetation like Leptadeniapyrotechnica and Haloxylon salicornicumpenetrated their root up to soil depth of190 and 160 cm, respectively. There wasno characteristic soil horizon developmentsignifying the nature of Entisols. At someplaces gypsum deposition observed atshallow depth. In another study Salvadorapersica proved to be the most hardy plantsurviving extemely harsh conditions of highsalinity, heat stress and drought followedby Acacia bivenosa with 3 to 11% decrease

in survival. Sprouting was observed inplants of Acacia ampliceps which werescorched due to salt laden hot winds fromrann side. The plants of Acacia amplicepswere scorched due to salt laden hot windsfrom rann side. Damage is extensive andoccurred around 26-28 May 09. Somenew leaves were observed. Damage wasless in case of Acacia bivenosa andnegligible in case of Salvadora persica.Deposition of salty soil was observed onall the plants in and around theexperimental area.

– From the pulverized twigs of Commiphorawightii (Pre & post ethephone treatment in07-08) soxhlet was extracted withpetroleum ether and ethyl acetate. Thepetroleum ether contents was 1.7 to 1.9% in the pre ethephone treated plants.While EtOAc content was ranging from0.69-1.52%. There is increase in secondarymetabolite contents after ethephonetreatment and it was ranging from 1.9 to3.3% and 1.4 to 2.25% for petroleum etherand EtOAc fractions.

– Under the project “Enhancing Productivityof Saline Wastelands in Kachchh, throughImproved Tree Planting Techniques andSilvipastoral Study” annual growthmeasurement in silvipastoral trials at Bhujwere revealed. Based on mean height andcrown diameter, above ground biomassestimation was done for Zyziphus mauritianaand Cordia gharaf in control and with grasstreatments. Fresh weight was determined infield. Green grass yield was estimated forCenchrus ciliaris and C. setigerus.

– The study revealed Salvadora persica(92%), and Acacia bivenosa (84%) to be

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the hardiest plants surviving the extremelyharsh conditions of high salinity, heat stressand drought conditions on silty clay blackmedium depth soil after twenty four monthsof establishment. Acacia ampliceps (50%)showed revival and has the potential toperform.

Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding(IFGTB), Coimbatore

– Phyllanthus acidus was observed forantioxidant activity. Reducing power assaymethod revealed that fruits collected fromChidambaram showed rich activity ofantioxidant activity (48.15%) followed byDharmaburi (47.27%), Palani (46.31%),Thirumangalam (45.08%), Thanjavur(43.81%), Coimbatore (43.02%) andKanyakumari (42.40%).

– Inoculation of artificially cultured Frankia(actinomycete) strain isolated fromCasuarina junghuhniana to the seedlingsof C. junghuhniana at early seedling stage(fourteen days). After twenty one days ofinoculation the young seedlings in themother bed showed root nodule formation,which are nitrogen fixing sites, are rarelyfound in the young seedlings. These rootnodules enhance the growth of C.junghuhniana during seedling stage.

– Assessed the efficacy of crude secondaryplant derivatives of Aegle marmelos andits seed oil on important insect pests of teakseedlings at nursery stage, Valluvasery,Nilambur (North), Kerala. The preliminaryobservation revealed that the individualbioactive compounds present in Aeglemarmelos were very effective against theteak defoliator and nematode at nurserystage.

– Developed a modified simple protocol forestimation of carbonic anhydrase activity.In general, different assay methods, namely,manometric, colorimetric and electrometricare in use for the assay of carbonicanhydrase. The activity of carbonicanhydrase are measured by titrimetry,where the titration of H+ ions produced ina titration reaction and the variations in pHwere detected using a titration indicator.The comparisons of methods with thetitration modified procedure shows that itoffers a satisfactory alternative to the usualelectrometric method to achieve the samestandard of precision.

Institute of Wood Science and Technology(IWST), Bangalore

– The project- “Productivity and interactionstudies in Acacia Hybrid basedAgroforestry practices in Karnataka” wascompleted.

– The project on “Assessment of seed qualityin unimproved populations, seed productionareas and seed orchards of Tectonagrandis” was concluded. The study revealsthe importance of SPA resource of “qualityseeds”, based on morphological charactersand seed germination fruits collected fromall Teak SPAs, has better quality ascompared to unimproved populations.

Tropical Forest Research Institute (TFRI),Jabalpur

– The detailed field observations revealedthat the white grubs, Holotrichia rustica, H.mucida and Schizonycha ruficollis wererecorded as pest on teak seedlings for thefirst time. Studies were undertaken fordeveloping effective Integrated PestManagement (IPM) of this pest. It was

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observed that there has been an increasein the incidence of Holotrichia andSchizonycha white grub species mainly onteak (Tectona grandis), due to the increasedseedling production in forest nurseries. AtRamdongari Forest Nursery, FDCM,Nagpur, the damage incidence may go upto fifty two percent. The developed IPMpackage included hand-picking of grubsas a mechanical option along with trap-n-kill method, followed by treatments in thenursery beds in judicious combination ofchemicals and biological control agents.This practice proved to be successful inmanagement of the white grub populationin the nursery.

Rain Forest Research Institute (RFRI), Jorhat

– Maintenance and gap filling of field trialsof B. balcooa, B. bambos and D. hamiltoniiat trial sites in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam,Nagaland and Tripura was done. Datacollection for growth parameters of bambooin different treatments and yield estimationof intercrop for the year is under progressunder the project-”Development of SuitableAgro-forestry Models for Promoting BambooCultivation Outside Forests in NortheastRegion”.

– RFRI, Jorhat completed digitization of soiltype map of Nagaland under the project“Establishment of GIS laboratory forsystematic creation, management and up-gradation of GIS based forest-database ofNorth-east India”.

– Under the project “On-farm innovation inmacro-proliferation technique andpromotion for commercial plantation ofedible bamboo shoot species” growth and

yield data on bamboo intercropping trialwere recorded.

– Seedlings of Calamus namborensis werecollected from Risakthepei area of NamborRF and planted at Botanical garden of RFRI,Jorhat under the project “Assessment ofRattan Diversity and Conservation Strategywith Reference to Assam”.

Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Shimla

– Alnus nitida besides Quercusleucotrichophora – has been identified asanother natural host for Indian Gypsy Mothin Kullu Valley.

Institute of Forest Productivity, Ranchi

– The institute has identified species specificmolecular markers (RAPD) for eastern Indianbamboo species visually, Bambusabalcooa, B. bambos, B.tulda, B.nutans andDendrocalamus strictus (shown as A, B, C,D and E respectively in the figure below).The markers have resolved the problem oftaxonomic identification of closelyresembling bamboo species especially B.tulda and B. nutans. Molecularcharacterization of superior accessions ofJatropha curcas and clonal fidelity studiesin tissue culture raised plantlets have alsobeen carried out successfully.

Extension activities by ICFRE and itsInstitutes

– International Day of Biodiversity wascelebrated at FRI, Dehradun,TFRI, JabalpurHFRI, Shimla, IWST, Bangalore, AFRI,Jodhpur and IFP Ranchi on 22nd May 2009.Various activities including talk on“Biodiversity and Invasive Alien Species”at IWST, Bangalore; planting neem trees

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at AFRI, Jodhpur and a workshop onInvasive Alien Species (IAS) at IFP, Ranchiwere undertaken.

– FRI, Dehradun, IWST, Bangalore, IFGTB,Coimbatore, AFRI, Jodhpur and IFP, Ranchicelebrated the World Environment Day,2009 on 5th June 2009. The theme of thecelebration was “Your Planet Needs You– Unite to Combat Climate Change”. Aspart of the celebrations, the institutesorganized a commemorative tree plantingprogramme. AFRI, Jodhpur released leafletcontaining research highlights of theinstitute, in Hindi, on this occasion.

– AFRI, Jodhpur celebrated World Day toCombat Desertification on 17th June 2009by planting of Commiphora wightii(Guggul) Sh. Malkhan Singh, Hon’ble MLA,of Luni constituency was the chief guestand Sh. Rahul Parashar, Councillor,Sardarpura, Jodhpur was the Guest ofHonour on this occasion. Leaflets andpamphlets on “Desertification: Challengesand Strategies for Control” were releasedby the dignitaries. A presentation onDraught and Desertification was also madeby Dr. G.Singh, Scientist-E of AFRI

– The World Earth Day was observed atIFGTB, Coimbatore on 22nd April 2009.The Officers, Scientists and staff of theinstitute participated in a shramdhan andcleaned the campus premises.

– FRI, Dehradun celebrated the “NationalTechnology Day’ on 11th May 2009 byallowing free entry to all six museums forthe visitors.

– FRI, Dehradun organized InternationalSymposium on “Multi-Purpose Forestry:Managing and Enhancing Ecosystem

Services and Production of Forests,Woodlands and Trees Outside Forests” from9th to 13th November 2009.

– AFRI, Jodhpur and Indian Institute of forestManagement, Bhopal jointly organizedone-day Consultative Workshop on“Development of Criteria and Indicators forSustainable NTFP Management” on 29th

August, 2009, at AFRI, Jodhpur. The mainobjective of the workshop was to providea forum for linking various agencies,institutions and stakeholders dealing withdry and arid NTFP species and theirecological systems and to share experiencesand knowledge, related to the developmentof C & I

Consultancies undertaken by ICFRE and itsInstitutes

– The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)Division under the Directorate of Extension,ICFRE, Dehradun successfully completedEnvironmental Impact Assessment studiesand formulated Environmental ManagementPlan of the Kotlibhel Hydro electric projectstage-II (KHEP) for National Hydro PowerCorporation Ltd (NHPC). As per therequirement of the PCCF, Uttrakhand asupplementary study on the downstreammicro- watersheds was taken up foridentification of potential habitat forrestoration of identified micro-watershed tofacilitate the Tor putitora, the important coldwater migratory fish, in the rivers Bhagirathiand Ganga. Also, as desired by the ForestAdvisory Committee (FAC), Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests, Government ofIndia, a joint presentation in collaborationwith H N B Garhwal University Srinagar(Garhwal), Uttarakhand, was made toappraise the committee on the project based

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impact for KHEB –1A, KHEB-1B and KHEBstage –II to be implemented by NHPC onthe environment of the area.

– ICFRE, Dehradun, IFGTB, Coimbatore, FRI,Dehradun and IWST, Bangalore undertookfield visit to Bhutan and North Bengal forthe baseline study on fauna and flora from11th to 21st May 2009 for BunakhaMultipurpose Hydroelectric project forupdation of DPR and Environmental ImpactAssessment and EnvironmentalManagement Plan for SankoshMultipurpose Hydroelectric project, Bhutan.

– FRI, Dehradun provided consultancy on“Development of Bambusetum” at GarhiMandu in National Capital Territory, Delhifunded by Govt. of Delhi.

– FRI, Dehradun provided consultancy on“Development of potted plants for NCT ofDelhi” funded by Govt. of Delhi.

– FRI, Dehradun provided consultancy onpreparation of works manual on NREGAfunded by UNDP.

– Govt. of NCT of Delhi awarded FRI,Dehradun a consultancy on preparation ofthe Management Plan of Asola BhattiWildlife Sanctuary, New Delhi

Indian Institute of ForestManagement (IIFM), Bhopal

The Institute, as a sectoral managementinstitute, imparts education in forestmanagement, which is a judicious mixture offorestry, social, and management science. TheInstitute constantly endeavours to keep in touchwith the problems of people, especially theforest dwellers and undertakes need-basedresearch. The Institute tries to serve as areservoir of knowledge in the area of forest

management and ensures proper integrationof external and indigenous knowledge suitableto Indian context.

The specific objectives of the Instituteare:

Education and Training

– To meet the demand for the trained humanresource with managerial and analyticalskills in the areas of forestry, environmentand development management throughregular educational courses.

– To update the knowledge and managerialskills of the serving professionals in theabove areas through short-term trainingPrograms.

Research and Consultancy

– To generate information on field realitiesand derive meaningful interpretationthrough systematic research.

– To offer consultancy services to the clientorganizations based on the availableexpertise.

Dissemination

– To disseminate the research-basedinformation/knowledge and meet theinformation needs of the forestry,environment and allied sectors throughtraining, seminars and publications.

Databases and Information Systems

– To generate and maintain relevantdatabases that are essential for policyformulation, project planning and strategydevelopment in forestry, environment andallied sectors

– To develop an Information ManagementSystem, which is compatible with and easily

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accessible for all users, i.e. from local(community) to global level.

Policy Formulation, Analysis and Advocacy

– To function as a national ‘think tank’ onforestry and environment aimed atdeveloping appropriate policies andstrategies.

– To play an advocacy role in the sectors ofconcern to promote adoption of appropriatepolicies and implementation strategies andsafeguard the genuine interests of thedisadvantaged stakeholders whenevernecessary without compromising nationalinterests.

Research

– Research is one of the key activities of theInstitute. As a management institute in theforestry sector, research activities of appliednature receive attention in the Institute.Drawing on the strength of diversifiedfaculty, the institute promotes researchprojects of multidisciplinary nature. Someof the key research areas includeSustainable Forest Management,Management of Non-wood Forest Produce,Joint Forest Management and CommunityForestry, Protected Areas and People,Marketing of NWFP and MIS, ForestGrazing and Livelihoods, Remote Sensingand GIS application in Forestry etc. Variouscentral and state government departmentslike Ministry of Environment and Forests,Department of Science and Technology,State Forest departments, etc. have fundedthe research projects at IIFM. Some researchprojects have been funded by theinternational organizations like InternationalTropical Timber Organization, Food and

Agriculture Organization of United Nations,etc. A total of seventeen research studiesare ongoing, whereas eight studies werecompleted by the Institute during the year.

Centres of Excellence in ICFRE

International Centre for Community Forestry(ICCF)

The International Centre for CommunityForestry (ICCF) is functioning as a “Centreof Excellence” to cater to the growing needand interest in Community Forestry (CF)initiatives. It aims to promote communityforestry initiatives and publications in the fieldof Joint Forest Management (JFM), Self-Initiated Forest Protection (SIFP) and otherforms of community based forest managementsystem.

The Centre began functioning activelyin 2001, with fund support from the Sir DorabjiTata Trust (SDTT), Mumbai. Later, it receivedmany projects from various governments andnon government agencies through which theCentre catered its other ongoing communityforestry projects. The centre publishes anewsletter “People and Forests” based on itsactivities for dissemination of information torest of the world.

The ICCF envisages programsimplementation involving exchange ofscientists, researchers and community forestryworkers from India and other countries.

Center for Ecological Services Management(CESM)

The Center for Ecological ServicesManagement (CESM) is being set up as aninterdisciplinary center to address crucialpolicy issues associated with the complexrelationship between ecological, social,

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economic, legal and institutional aspects ofecosystem management. The center has themandate to undertake research, consultancy,teaching, training activities as well as preparedata base on the values of ecosystem services,develop and standardize techniques ofvaluation of ecosystem service and impactstudies of degradation. It would also networkwith national and international organizationsin the Natural Resource Management (NRM)sector for promoting professional exchange.

Currently two projects are beinghoused under the center (i) CNRM Institutionsand Poverty Reduction in Gujarat AndMadhya Pradesh” funded by ShastriMillennial Development Goals Research Grant(2009-2010) with focus on the povertyreduction possibilities for village communitiesof the new decentralized ParticipatoryIrrigation Management, Joint ForestManagement, participatory watershedmanagement and fisheries cooperatives. Theproject is executed by the UBC, Canada,GIDR & DSC, Ahmedabad & IIFM, Bhopal;and (ii) Strengthening Capacity to AlleviatePoverty through Ecosystem Services (SCAPES)– Putting Methodological Development intoPractice in India” (2008-2009) with thesupport of NERC and DFID, UK & UNEP,Kenya. The project is implemented throughthe Consortium of organizations comprisingof SWIMMER, U.K. – the coordinatinginstitution and University of CambridgeUniversity of Oxford, UNEP’s EcosystemEconomics Research Unit in Nairobi, IIFM,Bhopal; ATREE, Bangalore; GIDR,Ahmedabad; NEHU, Shillong; CISED,Bangalore; Winrock International India,Gurgaon; CHIRAG and PSI, Dehradun as corepartners.

Center for Sustainable Forest Management &Forest Certification (SFM & FC)

Forest Certification has emerged asan important market driven tool and amechanism for assessment and monitoringof forest and forest products. It is a processthat leads to the issuing of a certificate byan independent party, which verifies thatan area of forest is managed to a definedstandard.

The center for SFM & FC representsIIFM as member in both the National WorkingGroup as well as the National ForestCertification Committee, constituted by Govt.of India.

The center is expected to generatethe pool of knowledge and understandingon the emerging field of Stainable ForestManagement & Forest Certification for thebenefit of forestry sector in the country.

Regional Center for National Afforestationand Eco-development Board (RCNAEB)

The Regional Center for NationalAfforestation and Eco-development Board,(RCNAEB), was established in 1989 at IndianInstitute of Forest Management, Bhopal, whichis one out of seven in the country. The centerlooks after the States of Madhya Pradesh,Chhatisgarh and Orissa in pursuing theprogrammes of National Afforestation andEco-development Board (NAEB), Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests (MOEF), Govt. ofIndia, New Delhi. Monitoring and evaluationof plantations raised by forest departments/NGO’s is done through this center. Apartfrom MoU between MoEF & IIFM, an AdvisoryManagement Committee and a Core Groupof faculty members guide the functioning of

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the center. So far the center has organizedand co-ordinated several trainingprogrammes, research projects, evaluationof plantation works done by forestdepartments and NGOs, plantationassessment for Indira Priyadarshini VrikshaMitra (IPVM) award.

Indian Plywood IndustriesResearch and Training Institute(IPIRTI), Bengaluru

Established in 1962 as a co-operativeresearch laboratory at the initiative of theIndian Plywood Industry with participation ofthe Council of Scientific and IndustrialResearch, Indian Plywood Industries Researchand Training Institute (IPIRTI) is now anautonomous Research and Training Institute

under the Ministry of Environment & Forests,Government of India. From the inception, theInstitute has been closely associated withdevelopment of plywood and panel industryin the country and also instrumental in thegrowth, from its infant stage. The Instituteremains an industry driven organization.Recognized (since 1989) as a Scientific &Industrial Research Organization by theGovernment of India under the Departmentof Scientific and Industrial Research Scheme.

The Institute is basically mandated tocarry out research and development, trainingand education, testing and standardizationand extension in the field of plywood andpanel product manufacturing. Themultidisciplinary research projects based onthe problems identified by the industrialrepresentatives, Institute Scientists and othersimilar interested organizations, are taken up.

This is the only Institute of its kind inthe country working for the plywood andpanel industries. Due to expertise andcredibility established over many years, theInstitute has developed a strong relationshipwith the industry and well recognized for itscontribution. As a result, industry continuesto support our research efforts. An importantand unique aspect of R & D works at theInstitute is that lab scale findings are upscaledto industrial level to facilitate their adoptionby the Industries.

Recent Research activities at ICFRE

Reconstituted Face Veneer

A technology for the production of faceveneers using small girth plantation timbershas been developed at IPIRTI. At present,imported timbers like Keruing/Gurjan arepeeled to make 0.23 to 0.28 mm thick face

Fig-36. Face veneer produced fromreconstituted flitch.

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veneers for making plywood, due to non-availability of traditional Indian hardwoods.The face veneer constitute about 20% of totaltimber requirement of plywood and import offace veneers at present, is to the tune ofRs.8000 Crores. The sources of supply ofthese imported species are getting depleteddrastically, day by day. Hence this technologyof making face veneers will facilitate to meetthe challenges posed by the shortage of facequality veneers.

Life Cycle Assessment of Wood and BambooComposites

Another important research projectundertaken by the Institute is “Life CycleAssessment of Wood and BambooComposites” as the bamboo and plantationwood based products are biodegradable andhence the life span study is a vital necessityfor these new generation products. This willalso facilitate to study the environmentalburden associated with manufacturing ofpanel products from resource extraction toend of life.

Bio-adhesives

Phenol formaldehyde and ureaformaldehyde are two major synthetic resinpolymers used widely for the manufacture ofwood and lignocellulose based panelproducts. Dwindling supply of phenol andever increasing cost has led to search formaterial of natural origin to replace phenolin phenol formaldehyde resin. A number ofnatural materials are available which have,in their molecular architecture, unitsresembling phenol and are capable ofundergoing reactions similar to phenol. Dueto their natural origin, these are available ona renewable and sustainable basis and

thereby will help in avoiding continueddependence on petroleum resources. Naturalmaterials such as Cashew Nut Shell Liquid(CNSL), Tannin, Lignin, etc., have been triedas a substitute for phenol in the developmentof PF for panel products.

Tannin is bark extract mostly used forconverting skin into leather. Tannin containsphenolic unit which react with formaldehydeto polymerize into resin. Mimosa wattle tanninhas been used in preparation of tanninformaldehyde resin for making particle boardand also plywood. But large scale successin the field of plywood adhesive has not beenreported. For the present work mimosa wattletannin was used as an extender with phenolformaldehyde resin for manufacture ofplywood for i) making a cheaper adhesive,ii) making plywood with veneer having highermoisture content than normal and thuslowering energy requirement for drying. Inno case the quality of plywood iscompromised.

Wildlife Institute of India (WII),Dehradun

Wildlife Institute of India (WII) is apremier training and research institution inthe field of wildlife and protected area

Fig-37. Red Headed Crane

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management in South Asia. Wildlife researchat the Institute covers ecological, biological,socio-economic and managerial aspects ofwildlife conservation. The research projectgenerates valuable academic data, helpevolve study techniques relevant to the Indianground conditions and also create a groupof trained field biologists, socio-economistsand wildlife managers. The scientificinformation generated is utilized formanagement of protected areas. Researchalso enables the institute’s faculty to keep

abreast of the current field situations,management needs and research trends inthe field and thus constantly enhance itsprofessional skill and update its teachinginputs.

During the reporting period thirty tworesearch projects were ongoing in the Institute.The following research publications werebrought out by the Institute during the reportingperiod: (i) Research Outcomes (1995-2009);and (ii) India’s Green Book (Forests &Wildlife).

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CHAPTER – 8

EDUCATION ANDAWARENESS

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Environmental Education, Awarenessand Training


The emergence of environmentalissues at the top of the global agenda inthe context of climate change concernsunderline the need for collective endeavourfor protection of environment. This warrantsinformed and voluntary participation of allsections of the people in the movement forconser vation and par ticipation ofenvironment. Awareness of people aboutemerging environmental issues and theinterconnections between the life styles andenvironment is an essential prerequisite forsuch participation.

Population increase, rapid urbanisationand industrialisation, increasing needs ofenergy etc., have impacted the availability ofnatural resources besides denting the qualityof environment. The environmental damagealready inflicted cannot be reversed unlessthere is collective thinking, will and effort.These call for public awareness andparticipation for bringing about an attitudinalchange and finally restricting further damageto the environment. Effective implementationof environmental management andconservation programmes depends oneducation, awareness raising and training inthe relevant areas. Without an adequateawareness of the impending challenges andtheir implications, few people would bemotivated to participate actively inprogrammes on environmental conservation.Environment education and awareness thusassumes critical importance.

The ‘Environmental Education,Awareness and Training’ is a flagship scheme

of the Ministry for enhancing the understandingof people at all levels about the relationshipbetween human beings and the environmentand to develop capabilities/skills to improveand protect the environment. This scheme waslaunched in 1983-84 with the following basicobjectives:

– To develop educational/teaching materialsand aids in the formal education sector;

– To encourage non-governmentalorganizations, mass media and otherconcerned organizations for promotingenvironmental awareness among thepeople at all levels;

– To promote environment education throughexisting educational/scientific /researchinstitutions;

– To ensure training and man-powerdevelopment in environment education; and

– To mobilize people’s participation in theconservation and protection of environment


The major programmes undertaken toachieve the overall objectives of the schemeare as follows:

National Green Corps (NGC)Programme

It is a well established and recognisedfact that the children can be catalysts inpromoting a mass movement about theensemble of the environmental issues. Beingfuture citizens, inculcation of environmentfriendly attitudes and behavioural patternsamongst them can make a significantdifference to the long term efforts for protectionof environment. Children are triggers for achain reaction, making a difference at the

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local and community level which in due courselead to awareness at village, city, State,country and global level. MoEF has hence,embarked upon a major initiative for creatingenvironmental awareness among children bylaunching National Green Corps (NGC) in2001-02. In less than nine years, that theprogramme has been in operation, it has beencatapulted into a mass movement of childrenfor maintaining and preservingthe environment. 1,12,844 Eco-clubs have so far beenestablished in NGC Schoolsacross the country.

During financial year2009-10 (as on 23.02.2010),87,117 Eco-clubs weresupported by the Ministry acrossthe country.

A country wide trainingprogramme for Teachers-in-charge of Eco-clubs initiatedduring 2007-08 was continuedduring the year at a cost of Rs.0.90 Crores. A total of 12,000Teachers-in-charge of Eco-clubshave been trained during theyear.

National Environment AwarenessCampaign (NEAC)

The need for a mass movement forprotection of environment needs no emphasis.The concerns of the people for environmentneed to be harnessed into voluntary action.This requires a network of nodal agenciesand grass-root level organisations.

The NEAC was launched in mid 1986with the objective of creating environmentalawareness at the national level. In this

campaign, nominal financial assistance isprovided to NGOs, schools, colleges,universities, research institutes, women andyouth organisations, army units, governmentdepartments etc. from all over the country forconducting awareness raising and actionoriented activities. The awareness activitiescould be seminars, workshops, trainingprogrammes, camps, padyatras, rallies,

public meetings, exhibitions, essay/debate/painting/poster competitions, folk dances andsongs, street theatre, puppet shows,preparation and distribution of environmentaleducation resource materials etc. Actioncomponents could be plantation of trees,management of household waste, cleaningof water bodies, taking up water harvestingstructures, use of energy saving devices etc.Diverse target groups encompassing students,youths, teachers, tribals, farmers, other ruralpopulation, professionals and the generalpublic are covered under NEAC. The

Fig-38. ‘Conserve your Environment’ - conveyed by these Eco-clubmembers

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programme is implemented through designatedRegional Resource Agencies (RRAs) appointedfor specific States/Regions of the country.(Annexure-IX)

This programme was continued during2009-10 with ‘Climate Change’ as the theme.The following sub- themes for actioncomponents were considered for financialassistance

(i) Plantation Programme,

(ii) Use of wind and solar energy i.e. solarcookers and solar heaters,

(iii) Restoration and maintenance of waterbodies,

(iv) Wetland conservation,

(v) Solid waste management andcomposting/vermi-composting,

Thir ty three Regional ResourceAgencies (RRAs) appointed by the Ministryare involved in conducting, supervising andmonitoring the NEAC activities during theyear. A total of 11,738 organisations havebeen involved in the campaign across thecountry. The Ministry released a grant ofRs.8.40 Cr to the RRAs for fur therdisbursement among the approvedparticipating organizations.

Library

The Library is the documentedrepository of the Ministry for disseminationof information in the field of environment andits associated areas. It has a collection ofover 25,000 books and Technical reports etc.Besides, the library also receives more thanfifty four national/international journalscovering diverse areas of environment. Beingthe scientific Ministry, Library is one of the

richest documentary bases for scientificjournals in the field of environment and itsassociated areas.

The library performs an important rolein the planning, promotion, implementationand coordination of the Ministry’s objectivesby providing timely access to relevant andcomprehensive information to its users-officialsof the Ministry, external organizations (bothgovernmental and non governmental),research students, decision makers etc.

Research scholars from variousorganisations, institutions and otherprofessional bodies visited the library for avariety of information required by them fromtime to time.

Seminars/Symposia/Workshops

This programme provides a platform toscientists/environmentalists/ Universityprofessionals/ technocrats, etc, to share theirknowledge on various subjects related toenvironment. The Ministry provides financialassistance to the Universities/otherinstitutions/NGOs to organise events(seminars /Symposia/Workshops/Conferences) and to publish the proceedings.The scheme facilitates the transfer of technicalknow-how to different people including localpopulation.

Universities/Professional bodies/Technical Institutions and other R&Dorganisations are very responsive to theprogramme as is evidenced by the increasein the number of proposals being receivedby the Ministry. Thrust areas as identifiedunder the programme are under constantreview and being expanded to include morenew areas. During the financial year 2009-10 (as on 23.02.2010) forty organisations

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were provided financial assistance forconducting seminars/symposia/workshopsetc.

Mass Awareness

Media Cell of the Ministry is mandatedwith taking up awareness campaigns usingprint and electronic media besides other massmedia to enhance awareness about variousenvironmental issues which would in turnfacilitate better compliance with environmentregulations. Media Cell is guided by anAdvisory Committee of Experts on MediaMatters under the Chairmanship ofSecretary(E&F) in this regard.

During the year, as per the MediaAction Plan (MAP), adopted by the Ministry,the following major activities were supported/sponsored/ completed:

– The biennial Competitive CMS VatavaranFilm Festival was held in New Delhi duringOctober 27-31, 2009 in association withthe Centre for Media Studies, New Delhi.

– The World Environment Day(WED) wascommemorated on 5th June 2009 on thetheme: ‘The Planet Needs You! Respond toClimate Change’. The occasion was gracedby the Hon’ble President of India.

– 26 episodes each of two sponsored radioprogrammes viz., ‘Koshish Sunehare Kal Ki’and ‘Fantastic Four’ on environmental issueswere commissioned for weekly broadcastover All India Radio.

– Production of 13 episode docu-drama onbiodiversity, afforestation, pollution andclimate change for T.V. telecast wascompleted. Production of a film on ‘Man-Animal Conflict’ was also completed.

– Production of short duration T.V. spots onbiodiversity, climate change, use of plastics,pollution, afforestation and environmentfriendly lifestyles was commissioned duringthe year for effective mass awarenesscampaign on television media

Environment Appreciation Courses

In order to provide interested personsan opportunity to learn in detail about specificenvironmental issues, the Ministry facilitatesprovision of a course module through IndiraGandhi National Open University (IGNOU)for Environmental Appreciation Courses.Delivery of these courses is through distanceeducation mode. The course moduledeveloped for appreciation courses is alsobeing used by the IGNOU as compulsorycomponent of its undergraduate courses. Thisis in pursuance of the directives of the Hon’bleSupreme Court of India.

Grants-in-Aid to Professional Societies andInstitutions

The objective of this programme is tofacilitate optimum utilization of expertiseavailable with professional societies andinstitutions for promotion of environmenteducation and awareness. The programmeaims at utilizing the existing capacity whilesimultaneously providing for enhancing thecapacities of such institutions. The project tobe financially supported would inter-aliainclude development/estension of exhibitiongalleries, interpretation centres and educationmaterials relating to ecology, wildlife andenvironment. The financial assistance is notprovided for procurement of capital goods/equipment. However, some office equipmentlike computer, projector etc can be purchasedif they are incidental to or essential part of

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exhibition galleries, interpretation centres andeducational focused activities. This one timegrant is also not available for research,collection and compilation of data andinformation or to any individual/businesshouses.

Publication of resource material related toenvironment

The objective of this programme is toutilize expertise available with professionalsocieties, voluntary organizations etc. fordeveloing and publication of innovative andhigh quality resource material for promotingenvironmental education and awareness byproviding financial assistance for developmentand publication of such material. Thepublication material must popularize theunderstanding about the environment,emerging issues and out of the box solutionsincluding innovative approaches for protectionand should be relevant and of high standardsand should supplement the efforts of theMinistry to promote environment educationand awareness.

Under the programme, grant is notprovided for publication of newsletters,magazines, journals, periodicals etc. or toany publisher/business house includingindividuals.

Global Learning and Observations toBenefit the Environment (GLOBE)

The Global Learning and Observationsto Benefit the Environment (GLOBE)Programme – an international Science andEducation programme – provides a uniqueopportunity to the school students to carry outvarious measurements so that they can learnabout scientific protocols and perform

environmental learning activities, which havealready been introduced as theory in thetextbooks. The GLOBE programme not onlyhelps the students to appreciate the contentsof the textbooks through better understandingbut also assists them in gaining completeknowledge of environment.

It facilitates research through aworldwide research team comprising ofstudents, teachers and scientists.

A process to further consolidate theactivities under the GLOBE programme inall the 1800 schools started in the financialyear 2006-07 were intensified during theyear. Two training programmes to train newteachers in GLOBE protocols wereconducted.

Other Awareness Programmes

Since the financial assistance providedfor awareness programmes under the NEACis for activities to be conducted in a specifictime frame and are short-term projectsrestricted to a specific area, other proposalsfor creating awareness among diverse targetgroups are received throughout the year fromvarious NGOs and other agencies. These areconsidered on merit as and when receivedand supported. Some of the major awarenessactivities conducted/sponsored during theyear are mentioned below:

– Observance of Earth Day: Earth Day isobserved on April 22 every year to increasepublic awareness on the environment.During the year, a host of activities weresupported on the occasion to involve peoplein making a difference to the understandingof environment. The activities ranged from

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competitions (essay, painting, postermaking, etc.) to rallies, runs, formation ofhuman chain etc. Street plays were alsoorganised to spread the message ofenvironment conservation.

– Green Olympiad 2009 and TERRA Quiz– The Ministry sponsored the NationalWritten Environmental Quiz programmeorganised by The Energy and ResourceInstitute (TERI). The winners from each regionparticipated in the televised Quiz titled“TERRA Quiz”.

– Vacation Programme on Natural Resources– A four weeks residential programme onNatural Resources involving children fromKarnal (Haryana) was sponsored.

– Perfect Health Mela-2009 – An Inter Eco-club Schools Completion involving studentsfrom schools in Delhi and NCR wassponsored as part of Perfect Health Mela-2009.


– 87,117 Eco-clubs supported during 2009-10 (as on 23.02.2010).

– 12,000 Teachers-in-charge of Eco-clubstrained.

– Record level of financial assistance of Rs.8.40 Cr. released under NEAC.

– Numbers of participating organisations inNEAC reached an all time high of 11,738

Comparison of progress during the year

Progress mode in supporting Eco-clubs under NGC since 2003-04 is shownin Fig.-39.

The number of participatingorganisations in NEAC rose from 115 during1986-87 to 11,738 during 2009-10.(Fig.-40)

Note: 2009-10 (as on 23.02.2010)

Fig.-39. Progress mode in supporting NationalGreen Corps (NGC)

Fig.-40. Participating organizations in NationalEnvironment Awareness Campaign (NEAC)

State-wise status:

– Number of eco-clubs established in States/UTs since 2003-04 is given in Table-27.

– Amount sanctioned under NEAC programmesince 2003-04 is given inTable-28.

Implementing organisations along withdetails

The National Green Corps Programmeis implemented throughout the country throughState Nodal Agencies. A list of nodal agencies

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in States / UTs is at Annexure-VIII. The RegionalResource Agencies help the Ministry in

No. of Eco-clubs S.No.

States/UTs *2009-

102008-

092007-

082006-

07 2005-

062004-

05 2003-

041 Andman & Nicobar Islands

(UT) 346 2 Andhra Pradesh 5750 5750 5750 5750 3900 3900 3900 3 Arunachal Pradesh (NE) 525 4 Assam (NE) 5207 4695 3450 5 Bihar 8971 8473 7200 5266 5700 5700 6 Chandigarh (UT) 115 113 112 110 150 7 Chhattisgarh 3932 3932 3932 4000 2373 2400 2400 8 Dadra & Nagar Haveli (UT) 9 Daman & Diu (UT)

10 Delhi (NCT) 1874 2000 1600 1600 1500 1500 1500 11 Goa 500 500 500 441 300 300 12 Gujarat 6750 6500 6500 6250 3750 3750 3750 13 Haryana 5000 5000 2850 2750 2750 14 Himachal Pradesh 3000 1693 1800 1800 1800 15 Jammu & Kashmir 5500 2100 16 Jharkhand 3300 3150 17 Karnataka 8000 8000 4800 4050 18 Kerala 3500 3500 3500 2100 19 Lakshadweep (UT) 12 20 Maharashtra 8898 8898 8844 8844 5400 5400 4950 21 Manipur (NE) 1350 1350 900 22 Meghalaya (NE) 23 Mizoram (NE) 1235 1235 1235 1200 1200 1200 1200 24 Madhya Pradesh 12500 12000 12000 7200 7200 7200 6750 25 Nagaland (NE) 2048 2107 800 800 26 Orissa 7500 7500 5900 4500 4500 4500 27 Pudducherry (UT) 550 550 513 513 600 28 Punjab 5000 5000 5000 4250 2550 2550 1800 29 Rajasthan 8000 8000 8000 8000 4800 4800 3200 30 Sikkim (NE) 540 31 Tamilnadu 7500 7500 7500 7500 4500 4500 4350 32 Tripura (NE) 600 600 600 600 600 600 33 Uttar Pradesh 10747 10500 10500 34 Uttaranchal 1950 1950 35 West Bengal 4750 4750 4750 2850 2850 2850

Total 87117 112884 91447 87353 67943 68125 78250

conducting, supervising and monitoring theNEAC activities throughout the country.

Table-27. No. of Eco-clubs established under the NGC Programme (since 2003-04)

* as on 23.02.2010

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Table-28. Amount Sanctioned under NEAC(Amount in Rs.)

Note: During 2003-04 to 2006-07 amount released under NEAC for Haryana & Chandigarh was combined.From 2007-08 onwards Chandigarh is clubbed with Punjab.

State Amount sanctioned (2009-10)

Amountsanctioned (2008-09)

Amount sanctioned (2007-08)


Amountsanctioned(2005-06)


AndhraPradesh 5586000

4412000 3065000 3490500 3929000 3558500

Andaman & Nicobar Island 114000

83000 81000 103000 57000 38000

Arunachal Pradesh

- 152000 300000

Assam 2681000 2660000 2250000 1982000 2550000 2022000 Bihar 4982000 3985000 3303000 3033000 4313000 2426000 Chhattisgarh 619000 602000 734000 525000 741000 649000 Dadar &Nagar Haveli -

12000 10000 10000 13000

Daman &Diu 55000 59000 42000 49000 30000 17000 Delhi 1171000 778000 595000 751000 808000 461000 Goa 14000 30000 26000 36000 37000 16500 Gujarat 3254500 1939000 2174550 1927000 1919000 1276000 Haryana & Chandigarh 3313000

1799000 1255000 809500 1078000 1086000

Himachal Pradesh 1251000

1200000 1256000 1026500 1130500 677000

Jammu & Kashmir 4470000

2811000 2638000 2534000 1041000 769000

Jharkhand 3322000 2473000 1768000 1616000 1425000 1041000 Karnataka 2320000 2135000 1078500 1539500 1652000 2001000 Kerala 1858000 1633000 1362000 1500000 1366000 614000 Lakshadweep 9000 MadhyaPradesh 6953000

5013000 4591000 4464000 4140000 3903000

Maharashtra 5260000 4730000 4021000 3871000 3939000 3504000 Manipur 2260500 2585000 2130000 1950000 2400000 2840000 Mizoram 515000 800000 430000 283000 Nagaland 606000 1063000 744000 501000 Orissa 7022000 4428000 3462000 3138000 2748500 3021400 Pondicherry 476000 550000 347000 264000 156000 150000 Punjab & Chandigarh 1755000

1415000 929000 805000 688000 602000

Rajasthan 2201000 1742000 1956000 1152000 1517000 1321500 Sikkim 398000 261000 771000 806000 563400 Tamilnadu 5214000 4397000 3129000 3402500 2813000 3249000 Tripura 1666000 1776000 1119000 1097000 1262000 949000 Uttar Pradesh 8852000 6504000 5013000 5719000 5744000 4291000 Uttaranchal 683000 565000 596000 379000 770000 349000 West Bengal 5046000 2942000 1739000 1576000 1766000 1280000 Total 83918000 71992593 52767050 50629500 50602400 42124900

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National Museum of NaturalHistory

The National Museum of NaturalHistory (NMNH), New Delhi, a subordinateorganization of the Ministry, was opened topublic in 1978 with the main objective ofcreating public awareness in preservation andconservation of environment and nature throughthe means of museum exhibitions, educationalprogrammes, outreach activities, etc. Since itsinception, the NMNH has been temporarilyhoused in the FICCI Museum premises atBharakhamba Road in New Delhi. The Ministryhas been taking active steps in getting theland allotted by the Ministry of UrbanDevelopment to the NMNH for building itsHeadquarters in New Delhi.

Over the years, the Museum hasextended its activities in different regions ofthe country and has set up three RegionalMuseums of Natural History (RMNH), one eachat Mysore (Karnataka); Bhopal (MadhyaPradesh) and Bhubaneswar (Orissa). Thesemuseums have been established to depict flora,fauna, forests, wildlife and other environmentalaspects of the respective regions.

Rajiv Gandhi Regional Museum ofNatural History (RGRMNH) is beingestablished at Sawai Madhopur (Rajasthan).Action has already commenced for constructionof the RGRMNH building. A temporary officehas been set up to conduct educational andother outreach activities in the region.

Further, this Ministry has approved thesetting up of the fifth Regional Museum ofNatural History near Gangtok (Sikkim) toextend the Museum’s activities to the North-Eastern region which is a hotspot ofbiodiversity. Necessary budgetary provisionhas been included in this regard in the 11th

Five Year Plan. The Government of Sikkim hasallotted six acres of land, adjacent to theSikkim Science Centre at Marchak, EastSikkim, which is twelve kms. from Gangtokand approachable from National HighwayNo. 31, for the RMNH building. Action isbeing taken to take the actual possession ofthe allotted land and for getting necessaryadministrative and financial approvals for theestablishment of this RMNH.


Educational Activities : NMNH along with itsRegional Museums of Natural Historyorganized a number of in-house and outreachprogrammes for the benefit of school children,college students, teachers, challenged childrenand general public. Various national andinternational days of scientific relevance likeWorld Wetland Day, World Day for Water,World Forestry Day, International Ozone Day,Conservation Day, Earth Day, WorldEnvironment Day, World Heritage Day,International Bio-diversity Day, World NoTobacco Day, Wildlife Week, World HabitatDay and National Environmental AwarenessCampaign were observed and differentprogrammes for school children and challengedchildren were also organized. The Museumorganized different educational activities andcompetitions like Quiz, Declamation, On-the-spot Painting, Poster Making, Slogan writing,Essay writing, Model making, Bird Watchingand Tree-spotting for the participating studentson these occasions.

Publications : NMNH and its Regional Centrespublished a number of publications in English,Hindi, Kannada and Oriya on the topics relatedto animals, plants, bio-diversity and otherenvironment related issues. To commemoratethe International Bio-diversity Day, the NMNH

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published a Special Desk Calendar based onthe theme bio-diversity. This Desk Calendarwas released by the Minister for State(Independent Charge), Environment & Forestsat a function held in New Delhi on 04 January,2010. The NMNH and its Regional Museumsalso published posters and booklets, includingthe Summer Programme magazine, on topicsrelated to nature and environment.

Exhibitions

– RMNH, Mysore – An Exhibition on “Silk– Gift of Nature” was organised incollaboration with Central SericulturalResearch & Training Institute, Mysore on04 August 2009 to create awareness aboutvarious aspects of silk among the masses.An Exhibition on Pets, entitled ‘SaakuPraanigalu – Preethi & Bheethi”, organizedin collaboration with J.S.S. MedicalCollege, Mysore, was inaugurated in theRMNH premises on 30 October 2009. Thiswas inaugurated by the Adviser, Ministryof Environment & Forests

– RMNH, Bhopal – A temporary exhibitionon “Museum and Tourism” was organizedwith the help of Madhya Pradesh Eco-Tourism Development Board on 18 May2009 on the occasion of the InternationalMuseum Day.

– RMNH, Bhubaneswar – Mobile Exhibition– The Exhibition on Wheels on the themeof “Forest Wealth” traveled to differentschools and colleges of Orissa during 01October 2009 to 31 December 2009 andwas visited by more than 5000 visitors. Itactively participated in the Anjali NationalChildren’s Festival held at Bhubaneswar from09-14 November 2009.

Workshops/Conferences

– NMNH, New Delhi – A three-day Workshopfor Trainee Teachers from the District Instituteof Education and Training (DIET), DaryaGanj was organized from 20 to 22 August,2009 to enrich teachers in class-roomteaching on environmental issues. Thisworkshop included a Nature Study Tour toAravalli Bio-diversity Park. The participantsgot hands-on experience in making low-costscience models.

– RMNH, Mysore – A National Conferenceon Museum Accessibility was organizedduring 24-25 July 2009 atThiruvanthapuram in collaboration with theDirectorate of Museums & Zoos, Governmentof Kerala. A three-day Teacher OrientationWorkshop was organized in Hunsur(Karnataka) from 24-26 August 2009 forHigher Primary Teachers. A one-dayWorkshop on Butterflies was organized on06 August 2009 in collaboration with anNGO, Arivu Educational and Cultural Trust,Mysore. A book, titled “Chitaigalu”, writtenby Sri Krishna Das in Kannada aboutButterflies, was released on the occasion.

– RMNH, Bhopal – A three-day workshoptitled “Creature Like Kite” was organisedon 08 August, 2009 for students of classesIX to XI from various schools of Bhopal. Theaim of the workshop was to teach studentskite making in the shape of birds andanimals etc.

A two-day Workshop on “Trees–A CapacityBuilding Programme” was organized on 23-24 December, 2009. The aim of thisworkshop was to identify trees of Bhopal,their ecological importance and the eco-system services rendered by these trees.

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A national Seminar entitled “IntegratedManagement of Water Resources withreference to Bio-diversity and livelihood” wasorganized on 16-17 January 2010 as acollaborative host. The Madhya PradeshMinister of Farmer Welfare and AgricultureDevelopment was the Chief Guest.

Another Workshop on “Prevention andConservation of Natural History Collection”is being held on 22-23 January 2010.

– RMNH, Bhubaneswar – A three-dayOrientation Workshop for Teacher Traineesof the Regional Institute of Education,Bhubaneswar was organized on 27-29November 2009 where thirty teachertrainees were exposed to the estuarine eco-system of Bhitarkanika National Park andBrackish Water Eco-system of Chilka Lagoon

Meetings of the Advisory Committee

– The second meeting of the AdvisoryCommittee of Regional Museum of NaturalHistory (RMNH), Bhubaneswar was heldunder the chairmanship of Adviser (RE andNMNH), Ministry of Environment & Forestson 11 August 2009 at Bhubaneswar.

– The second meeting of the AdvisoryCommittee of Regional Museum of NaturalHistory (RMNH), Mysore was held in Mysoreunder the chairmanship of Dr. M.S.Nagaraja Rao, former Director General,Archaeological Survey of India on 29October 2009

Collaborative Programme

– NMNH, New Delhi - EnvironmentalEducation Partnership with CMS Vatavaran2009 – The NMNH, in partnership withCMS VATAVARAN, hosted an Environmentand Wildlife Film Festival and CMS

Environment Forum from 27-31 October2009 at India Habitat Centre, New Delhi.

– RMNH, Bhubaneswar - 12th Orissa BigyanCongress - The Indian Science CongressAssociation (Bhubaneswar Chapter), theOrissa Environmental Society and theRMNH, Bhubaneswar collaborativelyorganized the 12th Orissa Bigyan Congressfrom 05-06 December 2009 on the focaltheme of “Science and TechnologyChallenges of 21st Century: NationalPerspective”.

National Teachers Science Congress – TheRMNH participated in an exhibitionconducted at the Regional Institute ofEducation, Bhubaneswar from 01-04October 2009 on the occasion of the 5thNational Teachers Science Congress on thetheme of “Understanding Planet Earth”.

Capacity Building Programme for ResearchFellows: The RMNH, in collaboration withthe Nandan Kanan Zoo Park organized aCapacity Building Programme on ElephantManagement Action Plan for ResearchScholars from different Forest divisions ofOrissa.

– RMNH, Bhopal - An NGO Meet wasorganized on 12 November 2009 incollaboration with CPCB, Bhopal in which70 representatives from various NGOs ofBhopal attended the Meet to prepareAgenda for better environment.

The Science Centre, Bhopal organized aChildren Science Congress during 04-06December 2009 in collaboration with theRMNH, Bhopal

World Environment Day

World Environment Day and the 31st

Anniversary of the NMNH Foundation Day

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were observed on 05 June, 2009. The functionwas organized at the Plenary Hall of VigyanBhawan, New Delhi. Hon’ble President of IndiaSmt. Pratibha Devi Singh Patil was the ChiefGuest at the function. Master Aviral Saxenafrom Bhopal was decorated by the Hon’blePresident as the “Young Environmentalist ofthe Year 2009”.

Van Mahotsava 2009

– NMNH, New Delhi - On 05 July 2009,special slide shows and CD presentationson forest resources followed by a Talk on‘Our forest resources’ was organized forthe orphan children of Bal Vihar ChildrenHome.

– RMNH, Mysore – Plantation of saplings andseries of lectures were organised at variousschools in Mysore. A visit to heritage siteswas also organized for the school studentsduring 02-04 July 2009.

Summer Nature Study Programme

– NMNH, New Delhi - NMNH, New Delhiorganized Summer Nature StudyProgramme from 15 May to 15 June 2009in which 40 students from all over Delhiand NCR participated. As part of thisprogramme these children were taken toNature Study Tour to G.B. Pant Institute ofHimalayan and Development, Kosi-Kattarmal, Almora (Uttarakhand)

– RMNH, Mysore - RMNH, Mysore organizedSummer Nature Study Programme for theschool student during 10th to 20th June,2009. The participants were taken to fieldtrip to nearby National Park and BirdSanctuaries for study on nature and wildlife.

– RMNH, Bhopal – ‘Prakriti 2009’, theSummer Nature Study Programme was

launched on World Environment Day inwhich thirty five students from Classes VIIIto X from various schools of Bhopalparticipated.

– RMNH, Bhubaneswar - A Summer NatureStudy Programme was organized inassociation with the Paribesh UnayanParishad of West Bengal from 13-16 June2009. A team of twenty one students fromvarious streams participated. The studentsalso visited the Nandan Kanan ZoologicalPark, Kanjia Lake and studied the variousaspects of nature.

International Ozone Day

– NMNH, New Delhi - A declamation contestwas conducted for students of Delhi andNCR on 16th September, 2009. The topicof contest was “Your Role in being an OzoneFriendly Citizen”.

– RMNH, Mysore - To commemorate theInternational Ozone Day, the Museumorganized a Quiz Competition, a DebateCompetition and a Public Lecture for thegeneral public on 16 September, 2009.

National Environment Awareness Campaign(NEAC)

– NMNH, New Delhi – The NMNH, NewDelhi organised a written Quiz competitionon the theme Climate Change on 19thNovember, 2009 for the students of 8th,9th and 10th class from Delhi and NCR.As part of NEAC to commemorateConservation Day, NMNH in collaborationwith Hindustan Times organized annual inter-school essay competition.

– RMNH, Mysore - The RMNH organizedvarious competitions for school students likepainting, written quiz, debate and slogan

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writing with a view to create awareness onenvironmental issues.

– RMNH, Bhopal – The RMNH organized apoem composition-cum- recitationcompetition on 15 December, 2009 on thetopic of ‘Climate Change’ in which thirtyparticipants from fourteen schools of Bhopalparticipated. A written Quiz Competitionwas also organized by the Museum on 19November, 2009 in which one hundredninety three students from twenty schoolsparticipated.

Wildlife Week

– To commemorate the Wildlife Week, theNMNH, New Delhi and its Regional Centresat Mysore, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar and SawaiMadhopur conducted a National PosterDesign Contest for the students Classes VIII,IX and XII, the theme of the contest being“Our Rich Biodiversity”.

Darwin 200 – India Poster Design Contest

– As part of commemoration of CharlesDarwin’s bicentennial birthday celebrationsthe world over, the NMNH, New Delhi andits Regional Centres at Mysore, Bhopal,Bhubaneswar and Sawai Madhopur, incollaboration with the UNESCO, organizeda National level Poster Design Contest on18 April, 2009 for students of Class X &XI. The theme of the contest was “Darwinand Evolution”.

Earth Day

– A national level Written Quiz Contest wasorganized on 22 April, 2009 for studentsof Classes IX and X on the theme of ‘ClimateChange’. The contest was simultaneously

conducted at Delhi, Mysore, Bhopal,Bhubaneswar and Sawai Madhopur.

Reserve collection enrichment and Taxidermywork

– RMNH, Bhopal - The skull of white tigress“Rashmi” of Van Vihar National Park wascleaned, treated and handed over on 10July 2009. The Tiger skin, received fromDistrict Forest Officer (DFO), General ForestDivision, Katni, Madhya Pradesh fortreatment, was cleaned, cured, treated andhanded over to the D.F.O., Katni on 22July 2009.

– RMNH, Bhubaneswar - A 7½’ female bottlenose dolphin was retrieved from Berhampurcoast of Orissa, 2009 and the wholeskeleton was prepared & mounted fordisplay in the gallery. Apart from this,skinning of a dead flying squirrel handedover by Zoo Authority was done. Dissectionof a bat found with a baby was done toretrieve its skull.

Film shows

– Regular film shows were arranged for visitorsin National Museum of Natural History, NewDelhi and its Regional Centres at Mysore,Bhopal & Bhubaneswar to sensitize andcreate awareness among general visitorson issues of nature and environment

Forestry Education, Training andExtension

The present system of forestry educationand training is tailored to produce skilled forestmanagers to manage, protect and conservethe forests in consonance with National ForestPolicy, 1988, forestry action programmes etc.The activities related to forestry education,training and extension are performed by the

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different institute of the Ministry like IndiraGandhi National Forest Academy (IGNFA),Dehradun; Directorate of Forest Education(DFE), Dehradun; ICFRE, Dehradun; IIFM,Bhopal; IPIRTI, Bengaluru.

Progress of activities undertaken by variousinstitutes

Indira Gandhi National ForestAcademy (IGNFA), Dehradun

Indira Gandhi National ForestAcademy is the training centre for IFS Officers.The institution undertakes training of newrecruits to the Indian Forest Service which isspread over a period of twenty months. Besidesthis, the institution also undertakes training ofIFS Officers at various years of seniority andalso of other Stakeholders. The Academy wasa part of FRI in Dehradun. This institution earlierfunctioned as Indian Forest College from 1938-1987. In 1987, when the Indian Council ofForestry Research and Education (ICFRE) wasestablished as an autonomous institution, theIndian Forest College was named as IndiraGandhi National Forest Academy (IGNFA) inrecognition of the late Prime Minister to theforestry sector in the country. The IGNFAfunctions as an institution directly under thecontrol of Ministry of Environment and Forests.

Major activities during the year

– Programmes of IFS Officers at ten, seventeenand twenty one years of service spread overa period of two to three weeks. However,starting this current year, the Mid CareerTraining Programmes in the revised formatare conducted in IGNFA as a part ofadministrative reforms on the behalf of PrimeMinistrer. The eight weeks’ training for IFSOfficers of seven to nine years of serviceis being conducted at IGNFA between

Dec-Feb. 2009. One such programme forIFS Officers of sixteen to eighteen years ofservice will be conducted in Feb.-March,2010. The Mid Career Training Programmeof IFS Officers of seven to nine years ofservice is spread over a period of eightweeks and includes one week trainingprogramme on management issues at IIMAhmedabad and two weeks visit abroad.Half of the group will be visiting ColoradoUniversity in USA and the other half willbe visiting Sweden.

The Mid Career Training programme ofOfficers of sixteen to eighteen years ofservice is spread over a period of eightweeks and includes one week in IIM –Lucknow and two weeks visit abroad- halfthe group will be going to Yale University,United States and other half will be visitingFinland.

– The 2007-09 batch of Indian Forest ServiceOfficers passed out in Aug. 2009. TheConvocation Ceremony was held on 10th

Aug. 2009, in Convocation Hall of FRIbuilding. The Chief Guest for the functionwas the Deputy Chairman of PlanningCommission Sh. Montek Singh Ahluwaliaand the function was presided over by ShriJairam Ramesh, the Hon’ble Minister forForests and Environment, Government ofIndia.

– During the current year, IGNFA undertookthree coordination training programmes forthe three All India Service Officers. Thefour days’ training programmes for IAS, IPSand IFS Officers included one day field visitto Rajaji National Park. The broad themeof training programme was “The EcologicalSecurity” of the country. These training

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programmes were conducted between Sept.to Dec. 2009 and were well received.

– The intake to the Indian Forest Service overthe last ten years had been ranging betweentwenty five to thirty. However, since thecurrent year the intake has increased andthe new batch of IFS probationers of 2009-11 course consists of eighty three youngofficers.

– In order to create general awareness andsensitize forest officers of various States onthe issues involved in the mitigation andadaptations in forestry Managementpractices a two-day’s workshop on “ClimateChange and Response of Forestry Sector”was held in Aug. 2009 for IFS Officers of1979 batch.

– Keeping in view the need for enhancedinputs on wildlife conservation to the IFSprobationers, the syllabus of Wildlife andBiodiversity subjects was revised andtraining of IFS probationers with increasedinputs on wildlife conservation started inthis current year. A net increase of 72% inthe inputs on the wildlife management hasbeen effected through revision of thesyllabus.

– Induction training of forest officers inductedinto the Indian Forest Service by promotionfrom State Forest Service was conductedin the month of Sept. to Dec. in which thirtyfour officers participated.

– Advanced Forest Management Training ofIFS Officers of 2000 Year of Allotmentspread over a period of three weeks wasconducted in the month of May- June inwhich fifty one officers participated.

– Two reunion workshops for the retired forestofficers who underwent training in this

institute during 1957-60 and 1958-61 wereheld in the Academy in May & Sept. 2009.In these workshops, the old retired officersinteracted with the young IFS probationersand shared their past experience andknowledge.

– A four days Forest & Environment Clearancetraining programme for executives of powersector was held in the month of October.

– One week compulsory course for IFS officerson policy and legal issues of Forestry Sectorwas conducted in June 2009, which wasattended by twenty one IFS officers.

Visit of Dignitaries

– In the beginning of June 2009, the Hon’bleForest and Environment Minister - Shri JairamRamesh visited IGNFA soon after becomingthe Minister of Environment & Forests.

– Shri Vijai Sharma, Secretary Environmentand Forests, Government of India visitedIGNFA in April 2009.

– DGF & SS Dr.P.J.Dilip Kumar, visited andaddressed IFS Prob. in Aug, 2009

Directorate of Forest Education(DFE), Dehradun

The Directorate of Forest Education(DFE) under the Ministry is responsible forimparting professional/technical training/education in the Country to the State ForestService Officers and Forest Range Officers.The Directorate also supplements the effortsof Forest Training Institutes of various Statesfor the training and capacity building of theForest Frontline Staff (Deputy Rangers, Forestersand Forest Guards). There are three StateForest Colleges at Dehradun, Burnihat &Coimbatore and one College at Kurseong underthe Directorate. The three State Forest Colleges

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were renamed by the Minister as CentralAcademies for State Forest Service Officers.The names and intake capacity (Per batch)of these academies and colleges are as under.

– Central Academy for State ForestService, Dehradun 40

– Central Academy for State ForestService, Coimbatore 40

– Central Academy for State ForestService, Burnihat 40

– Eastern Forest Rangers College,Kurseong 30

Mandate

– To cater to the training needs of State ForestService (SFS) Officers and Forest RangeOfficers(FROs) of States/ Union Territoriesin the country.

– To ensure standard and quality of trainingbeing imparted to SFS Officers and FROs.

– To develop appropriate and relevant trainingcontents and evaluation standards forforestry training at various levels.

– To suggest training policy for effective HumanResource Management and Development.

– To supplement the effor ts of StateGovernments in the training of ForestFrontline Staff (Forest Guards, Foresters andDeputy Rangers)

Activities undertaken/ Achievements during theyear

– A new technical cooperation project titled‘Capacity Development’ of State ForestTraining Instituions and SFS colleges hasbeen launched with the support of JapanInternational Cooperation Agency (JICA).The project is aimed for improvement of

inservice refresher training courses for StateForest Service Officer.

– Induction training in the form of “Two yearDiploma Course” for the newly recruitedState Forest Service (SFS) Officers of variousStates/Union Territories has beenundertaken. Three batches, Course 2008-10 (One) & Course 2009-11 (Two), ofnewly recruited SFS Officers are undergoingtraining at Central Academy for State ForestService (SFS), Dehradun & Coimbatore.

– One batch, Course 2007-2009 of newlyrecruited SFS officers passed out fromCentral Academy for SFS, Dehradun.

– Induction training in the form of “Eighteenmonths certificate course” for the newlyrecruited Forest Range Officers (FROs) ofvarious states/Union Territories has beenundertaken. Two batches, Courses 2008-10 & 2009-10, are undergoing training atCentral Academy for SFS, Coimbatore &Burnihat respectively.

– Two batches of newly recruited FROs,Course 2008-09 (Two), passed out fromCentral Academy for SFS, Coimbatore &Burnihat respectively.

– Seven General Refresher courses, each oftwo week duration, were conducted for in-service SFS Officers at Central Academyfor SFS, Dehradun, Coimbatore andBurnihat.

– Two Computer Application courses inForestry, of two weeks duration each, wereconducted for in-service SFS Officers/FROsat Central Academy for SFS, Dehradun andEastern Forest Rangers College (EFRC),Kurseong respectively.

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– Five Workshops of one week duration eachon Human Resources Management Issues inForestry ,Training of Trainers, BiodiversityConservation & Eco-Tourism, JFM &Livelihood options through Natural ResourcesManagement, Forestry Prospective in Globalwarming & Climate Change wereconducted for in-service SFS Officers atCentral Academy for SFS, Dehradun andCoimbatore.

– One theme based course in Forestry/Wildlife management of two weeks durationfor in-service FROs was conducted at EFRC,Kurseong.

– “Seventy” General Refresher Courses, eachof two weeks duration, were conducted forin-service Forest Frontline Staff (DeputyRangers, Foresters & Forest Guards) throughforty nine Forestry Training Institutions oftwenty nine states.

– One Theme based workshops of one weekduration on Good Practices in Forestry wasconducted for in-service Forest RangeOfficers (FROs) through one of the StateForest Training Institutes.

Training of IFS Officers

– The thrust of this scheme is on capacitybuilding of the Indian Forest Service Officersthrough organizing mid-career short-termrefresher courses. During the year, theMinistry sponsored forty one-week coursesin the premier training/managementinstitutions in the county on a wide rangeof disciplines including management andadministration of forests, wildlife,environment and general administration inthe government.

– Besides this, four IFS officers have beensponsored to pursue long-term courses

offered by the Indian Institute of Management(IIM), Bangalore and Indian Institute ofManagement (IIM), Ahmedbad

– During the year, the Ministry sponsoredeleven two-day workshops on emergingtopics in the field of forests, wildlife andenvironment conservation having regional,national and international importance. Thetraining workshops/seminars are sponsoredin the premier institutions/organizationsdepending upon their expertise and strengthsin a particular field/discipline.

Budget Allocation

The Budget allocation during 2009-10 of this scheme was Rs. 2.00 crore (Plan).

Indian Institute of ForestManagement (IIFM), Bhopal

The Indian Institute of ForestManagement (IIFM), Bhopal as a sectoralmanagement institute and an autonomousinstitute of the Ministry imparts education andtraining in forest management.

Education

The Institute offers two academicprogrammes. Post Graduate Programme inForestry Management (equivalent to MasterDegree) and Fellow Programme inManagement. The Institute is also recognizedas Nodal Centre for Research by ForestResearch Institute Deemed University (FRI),Dehradun for Doctoral programmes

Post Graduate Diploma in Forest Management(PGDFM)

The two year postgraduate programmeleading to the award of the Post GraduateDiploma in Forestry Management (PGDFM)was launched in July 1988. The students with

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diverse academic backgrounds drawn fromall over the country are groomed to meet themanagerial requirements of the developmentand corporate sectors.

The admission to this course is throughCAT (Common Admissions Test) beingconducted by IIMs followed by GroupDiscussion (GD) & Personal Interview (PI) atIIFM. From the year 2008, specialisations inConservation and Livelihood Management(C&L), Environmental Management (EM) andDevelopment Management (DM) has beenintroduced in the programme.

The 22nd batch of the PGDFM courseconsists of seventy two students. Among theseforty seven come under General Category;eleven belong to SC category; five belong toST Category; seven belong to OBC and resttwo are admitted under PD quota. The batchalso consists of 25% female students and theyall come from almost all the parts of thecountry, representing ninteen states. Followingthe general trend in the managementeducation, in this batch also the engineers isthe dominant group, consisting almost 40%of the total strength. This is followed by thestudents of Science stream (21%), Arts &Commerce (10% each). Apart from this, thebatch also consists of management graduatesand veterinary graduates. The profile of thestudents reveals that the fresh students exhibitvaried range of extra curricular interest and talent.

Following the tradition, all the studentsof PGDFM being passed out in March 2010got placed through campus recruitment heldduring January 2010 registering animprovement over the last year’s campusplacement. The scenario of the SummerInternship was also quite encouraging duringthis year.

Fellow Programme in Management (FPM)The Institute launched its Doctoral level

Fellow Programme in Management (FPM)2010-14. The Fellow Programme inManagement (FPM) offers financial assistanceand contingency grants to selected non-sponsored candidates. The programme is opento postgraduates from various disciplines andis designed to provide specialized knowledge,skills, and attitudes for positions requiringconceptual and visioning skills. The FPMprogramme aims to develop and equipstudents for career opportunities inmanagement education and research.Ph.D. Programme

The Institute functions as one of theresearch centers of the FRI Deemed Universityfor higher studies leading to Doctor ofPhilosophy.Indian Plywood Industries Researchand Training Institute (IPIRTI),Bengaluru

The Institute caters to HRD needs of thewood based panel industries through severaltraining programmes including one year PGDiploma Course in “PGD course in Woodand Panel Products Technology”. Till datetwenty batches of PGD courses have beenconducted wherein more than four hundredsenventy eight candidates have been trainedand placed in various wood and wood-basedindustries all over the country. All membersthat syllabus for PGD course has beenupgraded from this year including theManagement parts in consultation with IndianInstitute of Forest Management, Bhopal. Toprovide expertise and manpower support toimplement the Management subject, Institute ofBusiness Management, Bangalore has beenapproached. IPIRTI is also a center recognized

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by Forest Research Institute Deemed Universityfor pursuing research leading to award to Ph.D.

This year on demand of the industries,fourteen short-term courses were conducted invarious fields of plywood manufacturing andadhesives, etc. in which ninety sevencandidates were trained. One WeekCompulsory Training Course for IFS Officersfrom all over India was conducted from 20th

to 24th July 2009 on the theme “BambooResource Development for AddressingLivelihood Concerns of Communities” whereinfifteen IFS Officers participated.

One International Special Trainingcourse of twelve days duration, on “Preliminaryprocessing of bamboo, its preservation andmat weaving” was conducted for thecandidates sponsored by International Habitatfor Humanity, Nepal under the project“Transfer of technology for the manufactureof Bamboo mat corrugated sheet”.

Product Testing and Standardization

The Institute continues to play asignificant role in formulating/amending IndianStandards for wood, wood products and otherlignocellulosic materials through activeparticipation in various committees of theBureau of Indian Standards [BIS]. As and whenrequired, recommendations are also sent toBIS for incorporating changes in the tests tobe conducted for conformation to IndianStandards. The Institute is a recognized centerfor testing and standardization in respect ofall wood products and composites/panelsfrom wood and other lignocellulosics. Thefacilities are availed by Central and StatePublic Works Departments, BIS, DGS&D,Customs, etc.

Recently CENTEC LABS of the Institutehave obtained NABL accreditation for testing

and evaluation of wood composites, inaccordance with ISO/IEC 17025:2005.

To cater to the needs of northwest andnorthern plywood industries, a new IPIRTICentre at Mohali, near Chandigarh wasestablished recently fulfilling the long pendingdemand of the Northern India PlywoodManufacturer’s Association (NIPMA). ThisIPIRTI Centre laboratory also got recognizedfor testing and evaluation of wood compositesrecently by Bureau of Indian Standards.

Extension

– Establishment of CFC at Magadi,Bangalore : With the financial grantsreceived from NMBA & technical supportprovided by IPIRTI CENTRE for preliminaryprocessing of bamboo was established atMagadi, Bangalore.About fifty six artisanstrained in operation of bamboo processingmachines, about three hundred families oftribes traditionally involved in bamboobased activities will be benefited and nearlytwo hundred fifty mats produced will beutilized for manufacturing the industrialproducts like BMB, BMCS, BMT andagarbathi sticks.

– The Institute has organized two-dayWorkshop on “Carbon Sequestrationthrough Wood & Bamboo products” for theIFS officers sponsored by MoEF during 7-8th December 2009. The basic objectiveof organizing this workshop on suchimportant subject is to explore and raiseawareness to the different approaches,methods and models for carbon accountingin wood and wood based products and toinvestigate and strengthen the role of forestproducts for climate change mitigation.

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Wildlife Education and Training

Wildlife education and training isprimarily looked after by Wildlife Institute ofIndia (WII), Dehradun; an autonomous institutefor imparting training to government and non-governmental personnel to carry out researchand training activities and advice on mattersof conservation and management of wildliferesources. The details of educational andtraining programmes conducted by the Instituteare as follows:

Academics and Training

Courses and Training Programmes

– The National Entrance Test (NET) of theongoing XII M.Sc. (Wildlife Science) Coursewas conducted at six centres of the countryviz. Bangalore, Delhi, Dehradun, Guwahati,Kolkata, and Mumbai on April 19, 2009. Atotal of two hundred six students appearedin the entrance test and eleven candidates(nine Indians and two foreign nationals)joined the course.

– XXX P.G. Diploma in Wildlife Managementcommenced on September 1, 2008 for nine-month duration at the Institute. Seven officertrainees joined the course, of which threewere from Forest Departments of variousIndian States and four from neighbouringcountries.

– XXXI Post-Graduate Diploma Course inWildlife Management commenced onSeptember 1, 2009 for eight monthduration with eleven officer trainees. Sevenof them are from the Forest Departments ofvarious States in India, one self-sponsoredveterinarian and three from neighbouringcountries. The officer trainees visited RajajiNational Park from September 22 to 27,2009 for their Orientation Tour.

– XXV Certificate Course in WildlifeManagement commenced on November 1,2009 for three-month duration. In all, twentyone officer trainees (Range Forest Officersand equivalent) from different States withincountry including six foreign nationals havejoined the course

Meetings, Workshops, Seminars andConferences

– Training Course on Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA) for BiodiversityConservation for Indian Forest ServiceOfficers, Dehradun, September 7-11, 2009.The training course aimed to empower thenatural resource managers for a carefulreview of proposals seeking diversion offorested areas for developments in economicsectors such as mineral extraction, dambuilding and linear alignments of roads andpower grids through forested areas. A totalof twenty officers participated in the course.

– Department of Science and Technology(DST) Fast Track Young Scientists ProgrammeExpert Panel Meeting, Dehradun, September30 to October 1, 2009. Department ofScience and Technology (DST), Govt. ofIndia, New Delhi has been providingfinancial assistance to young scientists invarious areas of their interest through fasttrack research project programme. For thefirst time, the expert panel meeting was heldin the Institute. Ten experts from variousIndian universities and research institutionsalong with Director, Science andEngineering Research Council (SERC-DST)participated in the meeting.

– V-Internal Annual Research Seminar (IARS),September 17-18, 2009. 22 presentationswere made in five sessions of IARS, whichincluded studies on large carnivores,

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herpetofaunal studies, human dimensionsand development related aspects, avifaunalstudies, molecular genetics and forensics,and studies on arthropods. The presentationsmade by M.Sc. students, research fellowsand faculty members of the Institute werebased on recently initiated and ongoingresearch studies.

– The XXIII Annual Research Seminar of theInstitute was conducted at WII whereintwenty four presentations were made in ninesessions.

– Regional Workshop for Asia and the Pacificon the review of progress and capacitybuilding for the implementation of thePoWPA, 12-15 October 2009. Asia Pacificregional workshop was organized by theSecretariat of the Convention on BiologicalDiversity in collaboration with the Ministryof Environment and Forests, Government ofIndia and hosted by the Wildlife Institute ofIndia. Sixty four Representative from twentyeight countries participated in this workshop.

– International Exhibition on “Climate Change:Technology Development and Transfer”,New Delhi, October 22-23, 2009. Theexhibition was jointly organized by theMinistry of Environment & Forests andConfederation of Indian Industry. The uniqueexhibition with one hundred forty stallsshowcased India’s efforts to address thechallenge of climate change. The exhibitionwas inaugurated by Shri Pranab Mukherjee,Minister of Finance, Government of Indiain Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.

– Wildlife Techniques Tour for IGNFAProbationers (2007-2009 Batch) in SariskaTiger Reserve, Rajasthan, November 1-6,2009. Twenty nine probationers

participated in the Wildlife Techniques Tour,wherein field techniques pertaining to plantand wild animal quantification using directand indirect evidences, radio-telemetry, mistnetting and camera trapping weredemonstrated.

– Interactive Workshop on WildlifeConservation Issues for Media Personnel,New Delhi, December 9-10, 2009. Aninteractive workshop was organised by theInstitute at India Habitat Centre for mediapersonnel to share these concerns in wildlifeconservation in India and provide a platformto generate ideas on informative newsreporting about current wildlife crisis. ShriJairam Ramesh, Minister of State(Independent Charge), Environment andForests, Government of India inauguratedthe workshop. A total of twenty threeparticipants from different mediaparticipated in this interactive workshop.

– Two-Week Special Short-term Course inWildlife Protection, Law & Forensic Sciencefor Probationers of Indian Revenue Service(Customs & Central Excise), Group ‘A’ (60th

Batch) - First Group, Dehradun, December14-24, 2009. The course was sponsoredby National Academy of Customs, CentralExcise and Narcotics, Faridabad, Haryana.A total of fifty three participants attendedthe course. This training programme wasconducted as a part of Institute’s regularcapacity building initiatives for enforcementagencies dealing with wildlife trade

– One-Week Compulsory Training Programmeon “Ecotourism and Livelihoods” for IFSOfficers, Periyar Tiger Reserve, Thekkady,Kerala, January 4-8, 2010. A total of twentyone participants took part in the training.

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CHAPTER – 9

CENTRES OFEXCELLENCE

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Centres of ExcellenceEnhancement of people’s awareness

about environment requires capacity buildingat institutional and individual level forproviding adequate support to the efforts inthe fields of environment education, researchand training. To serve this end, the Ministrylaunched the scheme ‘Centres of Excellence’in 1983 to promote institutions in priority areasof Environmental Sciences and Management.

Ten Centres of Excellence have so farbeen set up in different areas as listed below:(i) Centre for Environment Education(CEE),

Ahmedabad(ii) CPR Environmental Education

Centre(CPREEC), Chennai(iii) Centre for Ecological Sciences(CES),

Indian Institute of Science (IISc),Bengaluru

(iv) Centre of Mining Environment (CME),Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad

(v) Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology andNatural History(SACON), Coimbatore

(vi) Centre for Environment Management ofDegraded Ecosystem(CEMDE), Universityof Delhi, Delhi

(vii) Madras School of Economics(MSE),Chennai

(viii) Foundation for Revitalization of LocalHealth Traditions(FRLHT), Bengaluru

(ix) The Tropical Botanic Garden andResearch Institute (TBGRI),Thiruvananthapuram

(x) Centre for Animals and Environment,CARTMAN, Bengaluru.

Centre for Environment Education(CEE), Ahmedabad

Centre for Environment Education(CEE) was established in 1984 as a Centre

of Excellence in Environmental Education,supported by the Ministry of Environment andForests (MoEF), Government of India, inrecognition of the importance of environmentaleducation in India’s overall environment anddevelopment strategy. CEE is a nationalinstitution engaged in developing programmesand material to increase awareness andconcern, leading to action, regarding theenvironment and sustainable development. Ithas inherited the rich multidisciplinaryresource base and varied experience of NehruFoundation for Development (NFD), its parentorganization, which has been promotingeducational efforts since 1966 in the areasof science, nature study, health, developmentand environment.


Pick Right and ‘Kaun Banega Bharat kaParyavaran Ambassador’ Campaign

The Pick Right campaign is aimed atspreading awareness about climate change,its causes and effects, and individualschoosing the best options for sustainability.The Paryavaran Ambassador campaign willhelp choose a person to be a spokespersonon environmental issues, who can encouragepeople to make right lifestyle choices.

Under these two campaigns launchedin 2008, ‘Pick Right’ educational packconsisting of a booklet, two sets of posters,two sticker-sheets, a post-card has beendeveloped in fifteen languages. Two lakhschools across India participated in thiscampaign. It included schools sending in theirvote for a role model who could inspire peopleon the path to sustainability. Dr. APJ AbdulKalam emerged as the popular choice of

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children. A total of seventy thousand schoolsactively participated in the voting process.Web-based polling was also conductedthrough the KBPA website www.kbpa.com forthe general public. Dr APJ Abdul Kalam wasfelicitated by Shri Jairam Ramesh, Minister ofState (independent charge) for Environmentand Forests as “Bharat Ka ParyavaranAmbassador” on 9th December, 2009 in NewDelhi. As part of the programme Dr Kalamgave away plants to all the schools present.This was done as one of the many initiativeswhich would be taken in schools as part ofthe second phase of the climate change andsustainability programme by CEE, MoEF, andArcelor Mittal, for the next three years.

Management Education Centre on ClimateChange

CEE and Gujarat University have jointlyestablished the Management EducationCentre on Climate Change (MEC CC) as astep towards climate change education. Themain activities of the MEC CC focus oncapacity building through short term and longterm courses, research and developmentactivities, field visits, research guideships,conducting seminars and symposia, etc.

Twenty students have enrolledthemselves in the first batch of MSc. coursein Climate Change, and classes havecommenced.

Public Consultations

MoEF commissioned CEE to hold tenconsultations in various parts of the countryinvolving local and fishing community togather the public opinion and suggestions forimprovement and to strengthen the existingCRZ notification 1991. The first of ten in thesecond round of consultations to elicit views

and recommendations on the CoastalRegulation Zone (CRZ) Notification wasinitiated in Mumbai on 12 August, 2009.People from all walks of life includingfishermen, urban middle class people livingin the CRZ, and NGOs were present. Hon.Minster of State for Environment and Forests,Shri Jairam Ramesh participated in the processat Mumbai, Goa and Chennai.

A team from CEE, was at Copenhagenparticipating in different events.

Also, in order to closely follow thedevelopments and discussions at Conferenceof Parties (COP 15) in Copenhagen, CEEalso set up Copenhagen Newsroom at itscampus in Ahmedabad from the 7-18December. The CEE Copenhagen Newsroomcollated, discussed and assessed the eventsand outcomes of Copenhagen. The CEE teamat Copenhagen enriched the process byproviding first hand information on alldecisions and updates. Discussion with localexperts from various institutions in the cityprovided the local flavour. A press note on thedaily outcomes of the talks at Copenhagen wasreleased every evening for the twelve days.

Asia/Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO(ACCU) Exhibition

The Asia/Pacific Cultural Centre forUNESCO (ACCU), Japan held an Asia-PacificESD Photo Message Contest “Letters toTomorrow 2007” with a focus on thecelebration of our living culture. The exhibitiondisplayed the prize-winning entries from theAsia-Pacific ESD Photo Message Contest“Letters to Tomorrow 2007”.

CEE hosted the Asia/Pacific CulturalCentre for UNESCO (ACCU) Photo MessageExhibition in India, at Ahmedabad, Jaipur

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and Pune. Over four thousand people visitedthe exhibition and it had a host of activitiesthat celebrated the living culture. Theprogrammes have been planned to link theliving culture of the host city with the exhibition.

The exhibition aims to develop anunderstanding and respect for differentcultures and traditions. It provides anopportunity for critical reflection and dialoguewith practitioners and interaction with thecommunity on culture, society and sustainabilityissues of conserving culture as a heritage. Threecountries of the Asia-Pacific region – Japan,Mongolia and India –simultaneously held thePhoto message exhibition between October andDecember 2009.

Hands for Change - Teach India Campaign

Hands for Change-Teach IndiaCampaign is a joint initiative of CEE and theTimes of India that aims at educating theunderprivileged kids with the help ofvolunteers. CEE worked with about twohundred thirty volunteers in around seventyCentres in twenty three slum localities ofAhmedabad. The Campaign focused on thetheme ‘Myself and My Surroundings’ andtaught functional English and numeric skillsto the children through a series of modulesdeveloped to guide the volunteers throughthe twelve weeks.

Sustainable Schools Programme

CEE as part of its Sustainable SchoolsProgramme (SSP) continued to involve schoolsin a variety of hands on activities to createawareness and understanding on issues ofsustainability. The programme consolidatesCEE’s twenty five years of experience in schooleducation. It offers tried and testedpedagogical approaches as well as use new

developments like ICT for teaching andlearning. CEE is facilitating and conductingyear long environmental education andeducation for sustainable developmentactivities for the students of various schoolsin Ahmedabad.

Facilitating Community-led Initiatives throughSmall Grants Programme

CEE continued to support activitieswhich demonstrate community-basedinnovative, gender-sensitive approaches andlessons learned from other developmentprojects that could reduce threats to localand global environment, under the SmallGrants Programme (SGP), funded by theGlobal Environment Facility (GEF). UNDP andMoEF jointly administer SGP in India, andCEE is the National Host Institution (NHI) since2000. The programme has so far supportedand facilitated three hundred three action-based, community-led initiatives countrywide.

Educational Experiences through Interpretation

CEE’s interpretation programmes seekto convert the visits of people to natural andcultural heritage sites into an educationalopportunity. They enhance the natureexperience by providing on-site informationthrough signages and exhibits, create a strongimpact and go a long way towards increasingpublic commitment to the cause ofconservation. Increasingly, interpretation isalso emerging as a vital tool that helps toimpress on visitors the critical link betweenenvironment and sustainable development.Some of the projects taken up during theperiod are:

– Construction of Main Gate at MadhavNational Park, Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh.

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– Interactive Map and wall mounted vinylprints showing India’s forest cover maps inthe chamber of Hon’ble Minister of State(I/C), Environment & Forests, GoI.

– Setting up of signages, hoardings,dioramas, relief map etc. for Departmentof Tourism, Meghalaya

– Installation of Nature trails, photo-textpanels and bird interactive at TipeshwarWildlife Sanctuary, Maharashtra.

– Interpretation Centre for Mahatma GandhiMarine National Park, Wandoor, Andaman& Nicobar, Portblair.

– Interpretation Centre atNandurmadhmeshwar Wildlife Sanctuary,Nashik.

– Interpretation and Orientation Centres forPench Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra

National Green Corps

CEE has been the Resource Agency(RA) in fifteen States and two Union Territoriesand covers around forty thousand schoolsthrough this country wide awarenessprogramme initiated and funded by theMinistry. Various activities including trainingof master trainers, developing and distributingeducational material, conducting workshopsand observing environmentally significantdays like Earth Day, Wildlife Week, etc. wereundertaken.

District level orientation and trainingprogramme for eco-club teachers were alsoconducted in different states. CEE Jaipur withRajasthan Bharat Scouts and Guidesconducted one day district level Prakriti Melaat Jaipur on 7th November. CEE also facilitateda State level Eco Fair in Rajastan from17 - 18 July 2009.

SAYEN

CEE hosts the Secretariat and the IndiaNational Focal Point for the South Asia YouthEnvironment Network (SAYEN), supported byUNEP – Regional Office of the Asia and thePacific (ROAP). The 6th TUNZA SAYENRegional Meet was organised on 16-19November at Colombo, Sri Lanka. The meetwas hosted by CEE Sri Lanka and was jointlyconducted by CEE India, the SAYENSecretariat, and UNEP ROAP.

CEE’s “Prakriti - Environment EducationBus” was opened for display at various eventsin Ahmedabad and Surat. As part of EnergyEducation in Primary-teacher TrainingColleges, a joint initiative of the GujaratEnergy Development Agency and CEE,workshops have been organized in twentyfive PTC colleges in five districts of Gujarat.Also, about ninety volunteering or internshipopportunities were provided in projects andactivities related to sustainable development.

TechMODE

CEE initiated GRAMDOOT, under theTechMODE (Technology Mediated Open andDistance Education) project to strengthenOpen and Distance Learning through mobileand other media, in Rajkot district of Gujarat.The project aims to promote informationempowerment and livelihood security of therural poor and the poorest.

Saral Shiksha – Making Education Simpler

CEE has signed an MoU with UNICEFGujarat for a project to develop an interactivemultimedia learning pack. In manygovernment primary schools, the number ofclasses or sections is often greater than thenumber of teachers; for instance, three

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teachers for a school with classes from firstto seventh. This makes situation hard for bothteachers and the students. Under SaralShiksha project, CDs comprising animated,interactive software that will help studentslearn hard spots from Science andMathematics textbooks of classes fifth toseventh would be developed.

Sustainable Development through NREGA

CEE has initiated projects onintegrating Sustainable Developmentperspective in implementation of NationalRural Employment Guarantee Scheme, indifferent States of the country.

Publications

– CEE North has trans-adapted ‘Disha’ thehandbook for National Bal Bhavans andNational Green Corps (NGC) eco-clubfacilitators into Hindi. The booklet is titledKar Dikhaein Kuch Aisa Shamil Kar SabhiKo (Let’s do and show, with everyone’sparticipation). The book aims to provideorientation towards Education forSustainable Development.

– A Trip With Drip: The Water Drop has gotits fourth language version with the bookbeing published in Turkish. The Turkishversion titled Su Damlasi Sipsip ile Bir Geziwas recently published by publishing houseCaretta. Ten thousand copies of the bookhave been distributed free of cost to selectedprimary schools across Turkey.

– CEE brought out the Indian Edition of Stateof the World Report 2009, which is focusedon Climate Change. State of the WorldReport published annually by WorldwatchInstitute, Washington, has been abenchmark for discussions on various issues

of sustainability and the annual volume actsas a platform to launch further discussion,study, and research.

– CEE adapted and produced Facilitators andTrainers Guide Book on human values basedwater, sanitation and hygiene education.

– A hand book for Coastal Mangers,‘Towards Safe Coasts Integrating DisasterRisk Reduction into Coastal development inIndia’ was brought out by CEE.

– CEE developed ‘We Hold our Future’, asub-regional sustainable developmentstrategy for South Asia – a youthperspective.

C.P.R. Environmental EducationCentre (CPREEC)

Introduction

C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre(CPREEC) is a Centre of Excellence of theMinistry of Environment and Forests,Government of India, jointly set up by theMinistry and the C.P. Ramaswami AiyarFoundation. The main objective is to createawareness among various stakeholders aboutcurrent environmental issues andresponsibilities towards the preservation ofour environment. The programmes areconducted in the states of Andhra Pradesh,Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Orissa,Maharashtra and Tamilnadu and the UnionTerritories of Andaman and Nicobar Islandsand Pudhucherry.

Progress /achievements made during the year

– CPREEC’s Green School Initiative (GSI),launched in 2007 in Chennai, Bengaluru,Hyderabad and Ooty, was expanded toinclude more schools and two more places–Mysore and Puducherry. This scheme

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involves students in environmentalmanagement in five areas: reducing energyand water consumption, wastemanagement, greening the campus andanimal welfare. This programme has beenhugely successful in converting awarenessand education to action. Awards were givento the best GSI schools in Chennai,Bengaluru and Hyderabad.

– Teachers selected by the state Departmentsof Education in the states of AndhraPradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Goa, Orissa,Maharashtra and Tamilnadu were trainedto teach environmental studies in line withthe new syllabus and textbooks. Resourcematerials to supplement class work weredistributed to all participants.

– Special workshops on EnvironmentalEducation for Sustainable Developmenttargeted state government textbook writerswho will include the subject in future textbooks.

– To extend the scope of environmentaleducation, Kompassionate Kids - a projectfunded by the Winsome ConstanceKindness Trust, Australia and the C.P.Ramaswami Aiyar Foundation – waslaunched to teach children about the linkbetween their food and environmentaldamage as well as the importance ofkindness to animals. A CD on “Eating Upthe World” was produced and distributedto NGOs and schools, accompanied byrelevant literature.

– CPREEC organized programmes on wastemanagement for rural sanitary workers inhandling, segregating and compostingwaste. The various laws that governbiomedical waste management wereincluded.

– Disaster management programmes forcoastal communities focused on plantingshelter belts to mitigate the impact ofcyclones and floods that repeatedly attackthe east coast of India.

– The species approach to biodiversityconservation has been very popular withteachers and students in Andhra Pradesh,Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Puducherry. Thefocus was on Project Tiger, Project Elephantand Wetlands. The participants visitedreserved forests and planned campaignsabout the importance of biodiversityconservation.

– CPREEC trained several NGOs andvillagers in preparing People’s BiodiversityRegisters by applying the Quadrat surveymethod. The Biodiversity Register of eachvillage is maintained by the local NGOand/or villagers.

– CPREEC has been conserving and restoringsacred groves since 1993-94. Eight grovesare taken up for restoration each year.Sacred groves are the hub for villagemeetings and school visits that are devotedto proactive conservation plans. All activitiesare implemented with the participation oflocal villagers. Saplings are distributed tolocal students. Forty five sacred groves havebeen restored since 1993 and handed overto the local communities.

– CPREEC trained women of thirty villagesin waste management, vermi-composting,organic gardening and health and nutrition.Saplings and seeds were distributed to theparticipants and seed banks of localvarieties were established in twenty villages.

– The definition and importance of the NilgirisBiosphere Reserve was conveyed to the

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Village Forest Committees and Panchayatsin the districts of Nilgiris, Coimbatore andErode in Tamilnadu, Chamarajnagar inKarnataka and Wayanad in Kerala.

– The success of the CPREEC’s Anti–Plasticcampaign conducted in Ootacamund forthe last four years prompted the DistrictAuthorities to extend it to Coonoor, whereCPREEC launched the campaign at theannual Fruit Show at Sim’s Park. Exhibitionson the Tiger and Nilgiri Biosphere Reservewere put up in several places, includingMudumalai and Bandipur Tiger Reserves.

– Forest guards, nursing trainees and teachertrainees were chosen for programmes onthe importance of the island ecosystem anddisaster preparedness. CPREEC’s exhibitionon Biodiversity and Climate Change wasexhibited in several places.

– Four issues of the quarterly newsletterECONEWS were brought out. Two of theissues dealt with a specific topic: ClimateChange and Natural Heritage Sites of India.

Generation and Production of ResourceMaterials

A booklet on Nilgiris Under Attack(English), Tiger! Tiger! (in Malayalam, Teluguand Tamil) and Climate Change (in Englishand Tamil) were also published. A textbookon Climate Change, books on Biodiversity,Disaster Management and Solid WasteManagement (in Telugu) and a TrainingManual on Bio-Medical Waste Managementwere also published.

– Appropriate resource materials producedby CPREEC were distributed to theparticipants of the various trainingprogrammes organised in the states ofAndhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala,

Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamilnadu and theUnion Territories of Andaman & NicobarIslands and Puducherry.

– CPREEC collected and analysed onehundred fifty water samples along theChennai coast to compare the level ofintrusion. Water was collected from fiftylocalities along the Karaikal coast to studysalt water intrusion. CPREEC also carriedout ambient air quality, noise level and soilsurveys at Pollachi in Coimbatore district.At Gudiyatham in Vellore District, ambientair and noise level surveys were carriedout. The water quality of Tiruchirapalli wasalso analysed. In collaboration with aschool in Kanchipuram district, CPREECcarried out an ambient air quality and noisesurvey near a crushing unit to study thepollution caused by noise and dust particles.Water samples of the residential areas werealso analysed. All the above were carriedout in response to requests made by localcommunities.

– CPREEC’s ENVIS Centre on Conservationof Ecological Heritage and Sacred Sites ofIndia has expanded the existing databaseon various aspects of Indian ecologicalheritage with primary and secondarysources. The Bi-Annual ENVIS newsletterECOHERITAGE.COM was published in theprescribed format.

– Being the Regional Resource Agency (RRA)for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,Kerala, Goa, Orissa, Tamilnadu and UnionTerritories of Andaman & Nicobar Islandsand Puducherry), CPREEC convened ameeting of the above Nodal Agencies atChennai to discuss the functioning and themodalities of the NGC. Workshops wereorganised for NGC teacher-coordinators

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in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,Kerala, Orissa, Tamilnadu and UnionTerritories of Puducherry and Andaman &Nicobar Islands.

– CPREEC structured a series of workshopson Bio-medical Waste Management forMedical Officers in the states of AndhraPradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamilnadu andthe Union Territory of Puducherry. Theworkshops were executed in collaborationwith the State Pollution Control Boards andthe Indian Medical Association. A Manualon Bio-medical Waste Management wasspecially prepared and distributed to theparticipants. The workshops weresponsored by the Ministry of Environmentand Forests, Government of India.

– A series of workshops on Solid WasteManagement was organized in the statesof Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu and theUnion Territory of Puducherry forCorporation and Municipality solid wastemanagers and elected members of thePanchayat. The workshops sponsored bythe Ministry of Environment and Forests,Government of India were conducted incollaboration with the concerned districtMunicipal Corporation.

– In collaboration with the US ConsulateGeneral, Chennai, CPREEC organised theEarth Day lecture on Climate Change andthe Future of Wetlands by Dr. Beth A.Middleton, Research Ecologist, NationalWetlands Research Centre, Lafayette, USA.

– A Round Table Discussion on Biodiversityand Invasive Alien Species was organisedat Chennai to mark the InternationalBiological Diversity Day. The panelistsincluded Ref. Fr. Dr. S. Ignacimuthu,Director, Entomology Research Institute,

Loyola College, Chennai, Dr. K. Rema Devi,Scientist-E & Officer in Charge, MarineBiological Station, Zoological Survey ofIndia, Chennai, Dr. Sultan Ahmed Ismail,Director, Ecoscience Research Foundation,Chennai and Dr. D. Narasimhan, Reader,Department of Botany, Madras ChristianCollege, Chennai.

– CPREEC brought out a sticker to highlightthe importance of climate change andorganised a sticker campaign at Chennai.The staff of CPREEC distributed stickers tomotorists at important traffic junctions.

– Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, Chairman,CPREEC, gave away the annual C. P. R.Environmental Education Centre Award forEnvironmental Education - 2009 to Shri.Rajendra Pandurang Kerkar, a teacher fromGoa, in recognition of his contribution toenvironmental conservation througheducation.

– CPREEC organized GLOBE programmesin sixty schools in Puducherry. The schoolswere provided with GPS Coordinates andequipments like water gauge, minimum /maximum thermometer, pH meter, cloudchart. The schools were trained to takereadings on the rainfall, min/maxtemperature, cloud patterns and pH ofwater.

– A pamphlet and stickers on Climate Changewere distributed to NGOs and educationalinstitutions implementing NEAC in selectdistricts in Tamilnadu, Andaman & NicobarIslands and Puducherry. A pre-NEACworkshop was organised in Puducherry onJanuary 19, 2010. Tree saplings were alsodistributed to schools in Kanchipuram andVilluppuram districts.

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Centre for Ecological Sciences (CES),Indian Institute of Science (IISc),Bengaluru


The Centre for Ecological Sciences(CES), Indian Institute of Science (IISc),Bengaluru was established in 1983. The CES,IISc conducts research and undertakeseducation and training in the broad area ofecology with special emphasis on the WesternGhats. The Union Ministry of Environmentand Forests recognized the Centre ofEcological Science, Indian Institute of science,Bengaluru as a Centre of Excellence in theyear 1983. The CES, IISc conducts basicresearch with practical application inconservation and sustainable development ofnatural areas of Western Ghats and otherregions of the country, and organizesextension and training programmesparticularly for field managers.


The Centre for Ecological Sciencescarried out thirty research projects in the fieldsof ecology of tropical forests, climate change,community ecology, behavioural ecology andevolutionary biology. The centre alsocontributed to several initiatives of the Ministryof Environment & Forests including the ExpertPanel on Climate Change and wildlifeconservation programmes such as theNational Tiger Conservation Authority andthe Committee on Rationalization ofBoundaries of National Parks and Sanctuaries.

Progress and achievements during the year

– Tropical forests and climate change

Centre’s work on tropical forest structure,dynamics and the influence of climatic

factors involves long-term monitoring ofpermanent plots in tropical forests ofWestern Ghats, mainly the Nilgiris andUttara Kannanda districts. Naturalvegetation, plantations and soils have beenknown as major carbon sinks. Analysis ofa ninteen year data set from a fifty hectareplot in Mudumalai indicated that droughtenhances tree mortality with a time lag ofone to three years, but that tropical dryforests have better adaptive capacitycompared to tropical moist forest andtemperate forests. The results also indicatethat the tropical dry and moist deciduousforests of the Western Ghats continue toact as carbon sinks in spite of disturbancessuch as fire and drought. More specifically,the Centre have been focusing on the ecologyof the invasive species Lantana camara, itsresponse to climatic factors and it’s impacton native plant and animal communities.Rainfall and fire both play significant rolesin the spread of this invasive plant.

– Community ecology and biogeography ofselect vertebrate taxa in the Western Ghats

The biogeography of herpetofauna in theWestern Ghats is of particular interest giventhe high endemism and ancient origin ofseveral families. The Centre is studying thebiogeography of these groups using acombination of primary data, landscapeecology, modelling and molecular genetictools to recreate phylogenies which provideclues about routes of dispersal and othermechanisms that result in current distributionpatterns. Work has also been initiated onthe community ecology of birds, on mixedspecies foraging flocks, and on distributionpatterns of vertebrates.

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– Coastal and marine biology and itsconservation

Five of the seven species of marine turtlesare found in Indian coastal waters and atleast four have significant nesting beachesand/or feeding areas. The Centre iscontinuing molecular genetic studies of theseturtles to explore phylogeography andpopulation genetics, and studying otheraspects such as multiple paternity. TheCentre is also initiating tagging andtelemetry studies for leatherback turtles inthe Andaman and Nicobar Islands. TheCentre is a long term population monitoringprogramme for mass nesting populationsof olive ridley turtles in Orissa, and thepotential impact of climate change on seaturtle populations through it’s impact onsex ratios. The Centre has also initiatedprojects on the diversity and distribution ofcoastal and marine invertebrates. We arestudying the biogeography of these groupsusing a combination of primary data,landscape ecology, modelling andmolecular genetic tools.

– Biodiversity and Conservation

Over the past year, The Centre hascompleted study on bat diversity inKudremukh National Park. A total of twentybat species have been identified to date.Of these, sixteen species belonged to theMicrochiroptera (insectivorous bats) andfour to the Megachiroptera (fruit-eatingbats). Of the forty one species of batsreported so far from the Western Ghats,twenty (almost 50%) were found inKudremukh National Park. Of the sixteenecholocating insectivorous bat species, thecentre obtained call recordings of thirteen

species. The Centre also completed studieson vegetation structure and microhabitatselection by the cricket community ofKudremukh National Park. The results showstrong microhabitat selection by most ofthe cricket species:

– Behavioural ecology of large mammals

A project on behavioural flexibility in largemammals focuses on the threatenedblackbuck antelope Antilope cervicapraand uses a behavioural ecologicalframework to understand the responses ofindividuals and thereby the population tochanging environmental conditions. Theecological basis of space use, foraging andsocial behaviour is being studied in a typicalfragmented grassland landscape. Theconsequences of these behavioural traitstowards crop damage and conflict withagriculturalists is also being studied. Initialresults indicate that there is extensivevariation across habitats and within eachhabitat in blackbuck use. The occurrenceof crop damage is very localised and thefactors predicting this occurrence are beingexplored. The Centre’s work on Asianelephant behaviour and ecology alsocontinued with new research on reproductivebehaviour of the species in KazirangaNational Park with special emphasis onfemale choice of tusked versus tuskless males.

– Molecular ecology

In the past year, a number of projects havebeen completed, including Phylogeny andbiogeography of tarantula, Evolutionaryorigin of scolopendrid centipedes andMolecular evidence for out-of-Indiahypothesis.

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– Social Behaviour of Insects

The past year the Centre has used themethods of network analysis to conduct astudy entitled “A comparative socialnetwork analysis of wasp colonies andclassrooms: Linking network structure tofunctioning”. A major question in currentnetwork science is how to understand therelationship between structure andfunctioning of real networks. The Centreconducted a comparative network analysisof forty eight wasp and thirty six human socialnetworks. The Centre has compared thecentralisation and small world character ofthese interaction networks and have studiedhow these properties change over time.

– Chemical Ecology of Species Interactions:Plants, Insects, and other Invertebrates

The interactions between figs (Ficus spp.,Moraceae) and their associated fig wasps(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae)have been a subject of much interest toevolutionary biology as being a modelsystem for studying co-evolution. Theirstudies on Ficus racemosa in India haveshown that ants can eavesdrop on thechemical signals emitted by fig trees toattract their pollinating wasps. This is thefirst evidence of eavesdropping by ants ona plant odour.

– Visual Ecology of Species Interactions

The Centre studies have shown that crabspiders (Thomisus sp.) hunting onSpathiphyllum plants use chromatic contrast,especially UV contrast, to make themselvesattractive to hymenopteran prey. Apart fromthat, they are able to achieve high UV

contrast by active selection of non-UVreflecting surfaces when given a choice ofUV-reflecting and non-UV reflecting surfacesin the absence of odour cues. Honeybees(Apis cerana) approached Spathiphyllumplants bearing crab spiders on which thespiders were high UV-contrast targets withgreater frequency than those plants on whichthe UV contrast of the spiders was low. Thus,crab spiders can perceive UV and may useit to choose appropriate backgrounds toenhance prey capture, by exploiting theattraction of prey such as honeybees to UV.

Centre for Mining Environment(CME), Indian School of Mines,Dhanbad

The Centre of Mining Environment(CME), Dhanbad is a Centre of Excellencesince 1987 under the Ministry’s Grants-in-Aid (Plan) Scheme – Centres of Excellencein the field of mining. The Centre has beenmainly engaged in R&D activities and theassociated research publications, and indefining envl safeguards for mining, trainingpersonnel in mining sector and involved inissues of academic interest pertaining to miningand environment. It is proposed to review theCentre’s role and activities as a Centre ofExcellence for further release of funds.

Salim Ali Centre for Ornithologyand Natural History (SACON),Coimbatore

Objectives

The Salim Ali Centre for Ornithologyand Natural History (SACON) wasestablished in 1990 in Coimbatore as “Centreof Excellence” of the Ministry. The mainobjectives of the Centre is to design and

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conduct research in ornithologycovering all aspects of biodiversityand natural history.

Activities

The research projectsundertaken during the year 2009-10 deals with a variety ofspecialized topics related withspecies-specific studies, studies onassociated species, those relatingto ecosystems/habitats, communityecology, impact assessment, andenvironmental contamination.SACON continued with theEnvironmental Information System(ENVIS) programme on wetlands, and itsnature education programme intensivelyduring the period.

Major activities undertaken

– Species specific studies on bird thatincluded a study on ‘Ecology andConservation of the Spot-billed Pelican’ aglobally threatened species, in AndhraPradesh. The in-situ and ex-situ conservationprogramme for the Edible-nest SwiftletCollocalia fuciphaga in the Andaman &Nicobar Islands are continued and haveresulted in very encouraging results. In theAndaman & Nicobar Islands, further to theearlier study on the impact of the 2004Tsunami, a project to monitor the post-tsunami coastal ecosystem recovery to identifyif necessary and develop site-specificrestoration measures ahs been initiated.

– Information on pollution and seed dispersalis very handy in developing cost-effectiveafforestation programmes and habitatconservation. A study in this line in the drydeciduous forests in Southern Eastern Ghats

and dry evergreen and shola forestecosystems of Tamil Nadu was undertakenupon the requirement by the Tamil Nadu ForestDepartment. A study on Ecology of Indian GreyHornbill, Ocyceros birostris brings out thecritical role played by the species in seeddispersal in Southern Eastern Ghats.

– The Study on ‘adaptation and tolerance ofbirds to urbanization with emphasis on lifestrategy’ funded by the InternationalFoundation for Science (IFS, Sweden) looksat the bird species, nest success andabundance along a rural-urban gradient.The study aims at bringing out the underlyingecological principles and behaiviouraladaptation of avian species. A study focussingon house sparrows in view of urbanizationand environmental transition is in progressin Coimbatore. The study also examines thepopulation changes of the species with specialreference to the ecological and environmentalthreats to the species.

– One of the major aims of SACON is todevelop community participation in

Fig-41. Golden Bush-Robin (Tarsiger chrysaeus) found inHimalayas and north-east India

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conservation actions. SACON’sprogramme in Nagaland, in collaborqationwith Nagaland Empowerment of Peoplethrough Economic Development (NEPED),a local organization, is mean to imparttechnical support on biodiversity conservationand livelihood options to local Communitiesand to promote development of communityconservation areas in the state.

– Study of other species associated withimportant habitats is also crucial foridentifying required conservation measures.Our study on ecology of the EndangeredIndian Rock Python in Keoladeo NationalPark, a world famous bird sanctuary anda world heritage site, focuses the populationstructure, ranging pattern, food andbreeding habits and cohabiting animalswith python. It aims at revealing the rolepythons plays in the park system. Suchinformation will be very handy to improvethe management interventions. Anothersuch study looking at the herpetofaunalcommunities of the Upper Vaigai Plateau(Western Ghats) documented the ecologyand distribution of thirty four species ofamphibians and seventy two species ofreptiles in the area.

– SACON has completed a study ‘Inventoryof the biodiversity of Attappady with GISaid’ in collaboration with the AttappadyHills Area Development agency, anddocumented the distribution of majorcomponents of biodiversity to help indeveloping strategies for management andecological restoration of the area. AnotherGIS based project undertaken during thelast year is ‘Inventorisation of wetlands’ inNorth Kerala which aims at wetlandmapping and inventory, identification of

important wetlands for conservation andpreparation of a district wise wetland atlas.

– SACON has continued its works related toEnvironmental Impact Assessment. A studyon the conservation of Kottuli Wetlands(Kerala), one of the wetlands of nationalimportance, was undertaken in view of theproposed ecotourism project there. SACONalso undertook a study on the Mumbai TransHarbour Link (MTHL) a major infrastructureproject built by Mumbai State RoadDevelopment Corporation (MSRDC)focusing on flamingos and migratory birds.The study focuses on a stretch of about fivekilometer over Sewri and Nhava includingthe mudflats that is an important Bird Area(IBA) identified by the Indian BirdConservation Network. The area harborsa large population of waders and goodproportion of the south Asian populationof the Lesser Flamingo (Pheonicopterusminor), a Near Threatened species. Thestudy identifying various threats to birds inthe project area came up with conservationoriented recommendations to manage thebird habitats.

– As part of ecotoxicological investigationson birds, a study on Impact of agriculturalpesticides on the population status andbreeding success of certain fish-eating birdsin Tamil Nadu was taken up.

– As part of nature education programmeSACON reached out to thousands ofstudents and public during the current year.The routine Nature Education programmessuch as guest lectures, one-day naturecamps and wetland day/forestry daycelebrations were organized. Several one-day nature camps, Salim Ali Trophy NatureCompetitions 2008-09, Nature camp for

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mentally challenged children,Environmental Awareness for collegestudents, and Vatavaran Film Festival weresome of the major events. The Salim AliNature Forum promoted by SACON hasalso become a partner in DBT’s NaturalAwareness Clubs for Andamans.

– Recruitment process has been completedfor filling up four posts of scientists.

Centre for EnvironmentalManagement of DegradedEcosystems (CEMDE), University ofDelhi, Delhi

– The Centre of Excellence Programme ofMoEF at the Centre for EnvironmentalManagement of Degraded Ecosystems(CEMDE), University of Delhi, has beenactively involved in (i) development ofecological restoration technologies forecosystem redevelopment in degradedlandscapes including mined out, desertifiedand degraded forest lands and (ii) in themanagement of invasive weeds that led toloss of biodiversity in forest ecosystems.The scientists have developed site specificrestoration technologies which have beensuccessfully implemented for the restorationof limestone mined out areas, Iron oremined out areas, morrum mined out areasand degraded Aravalli hills to the originalforest ecosystems, and these technologiesare used by the stakeholders today. Therestoration technologies involve appropriateassemblage of plant species and theirassociated microbes and soil invertebrates,and inoculation procedures. The restorationtechnologies developed are simple, costeffective, does not require after care, andgenerate employment among rural women.

– A New Management Strategy foreradication of Lantana – one of the top tenworld’s worst weeds and an alien thatinvaded tropical and subtropical India andthreatening native biodiversity involves (i)removal of Lantana by cut rootstock method– a simple, innovative and cost effectivemethod developed by the scientists of theprogramme; (ii) weeding out of saplings/young plants from beneath the perchingtrees of generalist birds, which dispersethe seeds, by using Search List of PerchingTrees of Generalist Birds; and (iii) restorationof weed free landscape to the grassland/forest communities.

– The new management strategy has beenwidely followed for eradication of Lantanaby many states across the country. In CorbettTiger Reserve alone, Lantana waseradicated from one thousand sevenhundred hectares and restored weed freelandscapes to the grasslands which arenow used by herbivores, and the frequencyof Tiger sighting has been increased severalfold in weed free restored sites.

– The Centre is to augmented capacitybuilding in action research throughseminars/ workshops to stakeholders. Thescientists have been conducting a series ofinterface programmes to officials and fieldstaff of the forest departments of differentstates and NGOs.

Madras School of Economics,ChennaiIntroduction and objectives

The Centre of Excellence inEnvironmental Economics was set up on thebasis of a MoU in 2002 between the Ministryof Environment & Forests and the MadrasSchool of Economics. The MoU was extended

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in 2008 for the duration of 11th Five YearPlan. The objectives of the Centre are to carryout research on issues related to environmentaleconomics in project mode, maintain a state-of-the-art website on environmental economicsand provide policy assistance to the Ministry.During the year 2009-10, the Centrecontinued its work on the ongoing projectson trade and environment inter-linkages withspecial focus on textile sector, and integratingeco-taxes in the emerging GST regime. TheCentre has initiated a bi-annual newsletter,‘GREEN THOUGHTS’.

Environmental Economics Website

The Centre’s website http://coe.mse.ac.in has been redesigned with thenew state-of-the-art website by making it moreuser-friendly. Efforts have been made toaugment the database on environmentaleconomics literature substantially. Similarly anumber of Indian studies have also beenadded to the database. The website is servingas one-stop destination for researchers, Policymakers and other stakeholders interested inenvironmental economics related issues in India.

Studies/Projects

– The Centre has completed the project on,‘Coping with Pollution in India with Eco-Taxes: Integrated Approach Consistent withGST Regime’. A draft discussion paper hasbeen submitted to the Ministry in 2009.

– The Centre is finalizing the project, ‘Tradeand Environment: India’s Export of Textileand Textile Products and EnvironmentalRequirements’, addressing, inter-alia, issueslike: status of pollution abatement in textileindustry in India, trade competitiveness ofIndian textile industry, assessment ofpollution abatement costs in textile industry

(with focus on textile processing), andlinkages between pollution abatement andtextile trade.

– Newsletter Launched: A bi-annualnewsletter of the Centre of Excellence“Green Thoughts” was launched to updatereaders on the work being carried out atthe Centre. Two issues of newsletter werepublished during the year. Each issuecarries perspectives of experts on thespecific theme of the newsletter.

– Dissemination papers were brought out bythe Centre during the year on:(i) Eco-system Services, and (ii) Climate

Change and Adaptation– The Centre provided policy inputs to the

Ministry as and when required includinginputs for Union Budget 2010-11.

Programme on Trade and Environment

The Ministry has sanctioned a three-year consultancy project, ‘Programme onTrade and Environment’ from December,2006. Under this programme, a dedicatedwebsite – http://www.mse.ac.in/trade/index.asp has been designed and launchedduring the year. The website functions as one-stop resource for Trade and Environmentrelated issues in India with comprehensivecoverage of Doha development agenda,General Agreement on Trade in Services,Regional Trade Agreements, Trade-Relatedaspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS), andTrade and Environment in the context of WorldTrade Organization (WTO).

Foundation for Revitalization of LocalHealth Tradition (FRLHT), Bengaluru

The Centre of Excellence on MedicinalPlants and Traditional Knowledge at FRLHT,

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Bengaluru was initiated during 2002-03 tobring to the focus and address the variousissues related to conservation and sustainableutilization of medicinal plants. In the courseof its activities, the Centre has created anational Bio-cultural herbarium of medicinalplants and an ethno-medicinal garden, bothof which have very rich collections ofMedicinal plants. Besides, the Centre engagesin: a) pharmacognostic studies on thecontroversial plant raw drug groups in trade,b) building capacities of different stakeholdergroups about various issues related tomedicinal plants, through its capacity buildingcourses, workshops and training, c) preparinga GIS based Atlas of distribution maps ofmedicinal plants to help forest managers inplanning conservation action, d) Well-referenced educational CD-ROMS onmedicinal plants used in Siddha, Unani andHomoeopathic systems of medicine.

Progress/achievements during the year

– Development of unique Bio-culturalHerbarium of Indian Medicinal Plants wasone of the key tasks. Towards this end, thebotanical team of the centre engaged infloristic surveys in different locations of TamilNadu, Rajasthan, Goa, Gujarat, Nagalandand Dibang valley in Assam, which resultedin the collection of about four hundredspecimens of one hundred species. Furtherto this, about one thousand specimens wereadded to the Herbarium in order tostrengthen the representation of themorphological variations of medicinal plantspecies.

In order to make the collection at theHerbarium more Education friendly, the

collections were grouped around ten selectthemes. Further, about one thousand fivehundred images of plants including theirmedicinal parts and habitat, and scannedimages of about eight hundred Herbariumsheets were added to the image library inan attempt to make it into a Virtual one.During the year, about eight hundredsamples procured from different marketsacross the country were added to Raw drugrepository.

The team also took up a Status survey ofwild populations of Saraca asoca acrossselect locations in West Bengal, Orissa andKhasi hills and prepared a Status report.

– The collections at the Ethno-medicinalgarden were further diversified by adding

Fig-42. Dactylorhiza hatagirea, a high-valuedmedicinal orchid, commonly known as ‘Salem

Panja’ or ‘Hatajari’

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more theme, viz., Narcotic and poisonousplants, Plants for enhancing water quality.

– The Phyto-chemical screening, DNAextraction, rRNA sequence based molecularidentification of various “Daruharidra”samples was completed. Besides, Species-specific markers for each “Daruharidra”species were developed. A Monograph on“Vidanga” group of plant drugs has beenfinalized and printed. Another Monographon “Vidari” group of plant drugs has alsobeen drafted.

– The Geo-distribution maps for two hundredfifty species and Eco-distribution maps fortwenty five species were prepared. Therevised and upgraded version of DigitalAtlas, incorporating Geo-distribution andEco-distribution maps has been completed.

Additionally, a review note on the currentstatus of recording and reporting of exportsand imports of medicinal plants was alsoprepared.

– Two National level workshops on “Strategyand Guidelines for Conservation ofMedicinal Plants in India” were conductedwhich resulted in the consolidation of theStrategy and Guidelines. Six capacitybuilding courses on “Medicinal PlantsConservation” for the Front line staff ofRajasthan, Gujarat and Chhattisgarh wereorganised in which more than two hundredthirty field staff were trained. Two TOTcourses on “Medicinal Plants Conservation”were organised for the Faculty from theForestry Training Institute, in which abouttwenty five faculty member were trained.

– A prototype CD-ROM on the “Plants inSushruta Samhita” was prepared and sentfor a peer review. Similarly, prototype of

the CD-ROM on “Plants in AshtangaSangraha” was prepared.

Tropical Botanic Garden andResearch Institute,ThiruvananthapuramIntroduction and objectives

Tropical Botanic Garden and ResearchInstitute (TBGRI) was established byGovernment of Kerala as an autonomous R&Dorganization in 1979 to facilitate conservationand research on tropical plant resources ingeneral and of the country and the Keralastate in particular. The institute is located atabout for ty kilometer northeast toThiruvananthapuram city and maintains athree hundred acre conservatory garden forthe wild tropical plant genetic resources ofthe country, besides a well integratedmultidisciplinary R&D system dealing withconservation, management and sustainableutilization of tropical plant resources. TheInstitute was brought under the societyestablished by the State Government namely“Kerala State Council for Science, Technologyand Environment” (KSCSTE) in 2003.

The Institute was recognized as aNational Centre of Excellence in ex-situconservation of tropical plants and a numberof research projects as referred below weresuccessfully implemented by the institute.– Introduced over one hundred thir ty

accessions including trees, medicinal plants,bamboos, palms etc to the living plantcollection. Twenty five species of palms andtwenty species of ferns introduced fromhighlight of this collection.

– Database on two hundred twenty Plantspecies of the Western Ghats developed anda manuscript in Ethnobotany was revised.

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– More than one thousand two hundredcollections of lower Fungi organized,common fungal pathogens of twenty twoVanilla Plantations were collected fromdifferent parts of Kerala.

– About one hundred forty Macro - lichensand one hundred micro lichens werecollected, thirty seven species were foundto be new records.

– Pollination and seed cryobanking of twohorticulturally important orchids wasdeveloped.

– Hairy root cultures of Rauwolfia micranthawere found to contain significant quantitiesof the anti-hypertensive agent, Ajmalicin.

– Partial c-DNA of tyrosin carboxylase geneinvolved in L-DOPA synthesis was isolatedand characterized.

– Genetic diversity was estimated in thirteenaccessions of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.

– Insect repellent property of certain plantsof the Andaman islands was analysed anddevelopment of Bee and Mosquito repellentformulation is in progress.

– Potential molecules having flavouring, fragrantand anti-oxidant properties isolated fromselected plants. At least four internationalpublications were made out of these.

– As part of chemical prospective of plants,biological molecules of Curcuma, Thotteaand Pittosporum species werecharacterized.

– An active coumarino – lignoid compoundinvolved in stimulating water and electrolyteabsorption in intestine was identified.

– Proteins isolated from an active fraction,involved in anti-stress activity of Trichopus

zeylanicus were isolated and are beingcharacterized.

– Analgesic and anti-inflammatory studies onthe plant extract (Justicia genderossa) iscompleted.

– The antidiabetic property of Pileamicrophylla and the wound healingproperty of Glycosmis pentaphylla has beenconfirmed in animal models.

– One thousand six hundred, herbariumspecimens were processed and ninetyspecies of plants were collected andtaxonomically identified.

– Reproductive biology of Impatiensdassysperma was critically studied.

– Nine hundred thirty two collections wereadded to mushroom herbarium.

– Draft of the Children’s Handbook onMedicinal and Food Plants (1st volume)prepared.

– Herbs for all and Health for all: awarenessand training programmes completed in theVithura Gramapanchayath. A trainer’smanual (98 pages) prepared is under print.

– Collections of banana germplasmorganized through people support fromremote village

– Multiplied high value medicinal plants,distributed to beneficiaries and impartedtraining in nursery practices and cultivationat Kanjukuzhy Panchayath, Alappuzhadistrict (One year project).

– A biodiversity awareness workshoporganized for thirty delegates from KollamCorporation; training on plant propagationimparted to seventy five Plus Two studentsduring National Technology Day.

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– Three popular varieties of banana (Nenthran,Robusta, Grand Naine) and ornamentalsmultiplied and distributed to the public togenerate about Rs. 1.5 lakhs as income.

– Over twenty five thousand students andvisitors visited TBGRI during the year andthe messege of conservation was effectivelydisseminated.

The Institute’s garden was recognizedas a Lead Garden for the region andnecessary funds were provided for thispurpose by the Union Ministry of Environment& Forests. The institute has established a parkfor rare species, which will serve as ademonstration plot. Propagation techniquesfor rare species and infrastructural facilitiesfor eco education has been developed underthe scheme. Further, as a Lead Institution forBiosphere Reserves of South India, the Institutehas prepared status report of AugusthyamalaiBiosphere Reserve for onward transmissionto UNESCO.

Centre for Animals andEnvironment, CARTMAN, Bengaluru

The project on Centre of Excellence forAnimals & Environment (CAE) awarded by theMinistry to CARTMAN, Bengaluru in 2000 anddiscontinued after two years for administrativereasons was resumed during 2009.

The main objective of the Project is tostudy the mutual dependence and inter-relationship between the Animals(LIVESTOCK) and Environment (Plant Life) andinitiate steps to preserve environment and toimprove the health and welfare of animalsby making them more productive.


Compilation of data relating to the

scope of the project, Consultations withexperts, study on the utilization of the bullockcarts in two locations each in Karnataka andTamil Nadu and the need for theirmodernization, Study of two slaughter housesin two locations in the cities of Karnataka orTamil Nadu, preparation of Website and databank, Conducting Audio Visual Programmeon Environment for school children inBengaluru City, Conducting QuestionnaireSurvey on the subjects of land availability,classification of land, availability of pastureland , forest land etc, population of livestock,their classification, trend in population,utilization of bullock carts in six States viz.,Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa ,Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Karnatakawere the activities taken during the year.

Study of Slaughter Houses in two locationsin Karnataka

Work has already been taken up tostudy the slaughter of small and big animalsin the districts of Belgaum and also ofslaughtering animals for the City basedabattoirs in Bengaluru.

Creation of Website and Data Bank

Work has already been started andthis particular Website will be operationalduring the last quarter of the financial year2010-11.

Audio Visual Shows

As a part of the Awareness Programmeplanned for the first year CAE completedtwenty five numbers of Audio Visual Showsfor various school children in the City ofBengaluru. Audio Visual shows conductedwere on environment, conservation of ecology,bio - diversity, conservation of naturalresources and pollution control.

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Annual Report 2009-2010CHAPTER – 10

FELLOWSHIPS ANDAWARDS

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Indira Gandhi ParyavaranPuraskar (IGPP)Introduction and Objectives

In reverential memory of late PrimeMinister Smt. Indira Gandhi, the Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests, in the year 1987,instituted an award called “Indira GandhiParyavaran Puraskar “ to give recognition tothose having made or have the potential tomake the measurable and major impact inthe protection of environment. In thebeginning, a cash prize of Rs. 1,00,000/-was awarded to deserving individual/organization of India. Since 1991, the prizeof Rs. 1,00,000/- each were awardedseparately to individual and organizationalcategory. From the year 2002, the prizemoney has been enhanced to Rs. 5,00,000/-in each category. Subsequently, the“Regulations” governing the IGPP was revisedfrom the year 2005 onwards. As per therevised regulations, one prize ofRs. 5,00,000/- under the Organisationcategory, and two prizes of Rs. 3,00,000/-and Rs. 2,00,000/- each to individuals inthe Individual category shall be givenannually. The regulations governing the IGPPwas again revised. As per the revisedregulations from the year 2009 onwards, twoprizes of Rs. 5,00,000/- each under theOrganisation category, and three prizes ofRs. 5,00,000/- Rs. 3,00,000/- andRs. 2,00,000/- each to individuals in theIndividual category shall be given annually.Along with the cash prize, each awardee isgiven a silver lotus trophy and a citation. Anycitizen of India or organization working inIndia for the cause of environment is eligiblefor the award. There is no age limit for thenomination for individual. Self nominations

are not considered. Short listing of thenomination is carried out by three ExpertMembers selected by the Prime Minister’sOffice. The environmental Prize Committeeconstituted under the Chairmanship of Hon’bleVice President of India select the awardees.

While selecting the awardees the term“environment’ is interpreted in the broadestsense possible and comprising of followingareas of work:

– Prevention of Pollution.

– Conservation of Natural Resources.

– Rational use of depletable resources.

– Environmental Planning and Management.

– Environmental Impact Assessment.

– Outstanding field work (innovative researchwork) for enrichment of environment e.g.afforestation, land reclamation, watertreatment, air purification etc.

– Environmental Education.

– Creating awareness of environmentalissues.

The awardees for the Indira GandhiParyavaran Puraskar for the year 2006 andfor 2007 were selected by the Prize committeeunder the Chairmanship of Hon’ble VicePresident of India. The awards were givenaway to the awardees by Her Excellency Smt.Prathiba Devisingh Patil, President of India inthe award ceremony held at Vigyan Bhawan,New Delhi on 5th June, 2009 on the occasionof World Environment Day.

The nominations received for IGPP-2008 were processed. Short-listing of thenomination was carried out by the threeexperts selected by PMO. The ground truthverification of the short-listed nominations was

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carried out by the Regional Offices concernedof the Ministry. The Prize Committee in itsmeeting held on 20th August 2009, againshort listed 6 nominations (3 in the individualcategory and 3 in the organization category)for further verification at field level by carryingout videography/ photography asappropriate. The ground truth verificationalong with photography/Videography of the6 short-listed nominations was carried out bythe Statistical Adviser, MoEF along with theregional offices concerned of the Ministry.The selection of the awardees have been doneby the Prize Committee in its meeting heldon 16th February, 2010.

Advertisements for inviting thenominations for IGPP, 2009 were issued innational dailies with regional coverage on5th June and 20th July, 2009. The nominations

for IGPP-2009 under both the individual andorganization category have been received.Various activities as per the regulationsapplicable for IGPP-2009 are under process.

Indira Priyadarshini Vriksha Mitra(IPVM) Awards

The Indira Priyadarshini Vriksha Mitra(IPVM) Awards were instituted in 1986 torecognize the pioneering and innovativecontribution made by the individuals andinstitutions in the field of afforestation/wasteland development every year.

Till the year 2005, the awards weregiven under twelve categories but from 2006onwards the awards were restructured toenhance their response and prestige and nowawards under four categories are given asfollows:

Fig-43. Presentation of IGPP award by Hon’ble President of India on World Environment Day, 2009

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IPVM Awards for States and UnionTerritories

The IPVM Awards for States and UnionTerritories were instituted in the year 2008for enhancing the percentage of Forest andTree Cover in States/UTs. The awards aredivided into three categories and only oneaward is to be given in each category asunder:-

a) Big States having geographical Rs.8.00area of 80,000 sq. km. and lakhs (One)above.

b) Small States having geographical Rs.5.00area below 80,000 sq. km. lakhs (One)

c) Union Territories Rs.5.00lakhs (One)

The IPVM Awards for States/UTs wereconferred upon on 19th November, 2009 andthe same for the calendar year 2010 areunder process.

Pitamber Pant NationalEnvironment Fellowship

Pitamber Pant NationalEnvironment Fellowship institutedin 1978 is awarded every yearto encourage and recognizeexcellence in any branch ofresearch related to theenvironmental sciences. Thefellowship is awarded everyyear and is in recognition ofsignificant important research/development contributions andis also intended to encouragetalented individuals to devotethemselves to Research andDevelopment (R&D) pursuits in

Fig-44. Hon’ble Minister of State (I/C) for Environment and Forestswith an awardee of IPVM during the award presentation ceremony

1. Individuals including Government Servants

2. Joint Forest Management Committee(JFMC)

3. Institutions/ Organizations underGovernment

4. Non-Governmental Institutions/Organizations

• Only one award is given in eachcategory.

• Cash prize of Rs. 2.5 lakhs along withMedallion and Citation is given foreach category.

• Nominations of Government servants/Govt. Institutions/Organizations areforwarded through the Head of theDepartment/Organization concernedand those from JFMCs may beforwarded by the PCCF concerned.

The Awards upto the year 2006, 2007and 2008 were conferred on 19th November2009 and the same for the calendar year2010 are under process.

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the field of environmental sciences. Theduration of the fellowship is two years. So far,twenty seven fellowship Awards have been givento various Scientists throughout the country.

B.P.Pal National EnvironmentFellowship for Biodiversity

B.P.Pal National EnvironmentFellowship Award for bio-diversity wasinstituted during 1993 and is awardedannually with a view to further develop,deepen and strengthen the expertise on Bio-diversity available in the country.

The fellowship is in recognition ofsignificant important research anddevelopment contributions and is alsointended to encourage talented individual todevote themselves whole-time to R&D pursuitsin the field of bio-diversity. Duration of thefellowship is two years. So far, ten FellowshipAwards have been awarded to variousscientists throughout the country.

The reconstituted Advisory Committeemeeting to consider the nominations receivedfor the year 2007 and 2008 for Pitamber PantNational Environment Fellowship Award andDr. B.P. Pal National Environment FellowshipAward for Biodiversity was held on 8th February,2010 under the Chairmanship of Secretary(E&F) at Paryavaran Bhawan, New Delhi.Fellowships for the year 2009 and 2010 areunder process.E.K. Janaki Ammal National Awardon Taxonomy

The nominations for E.K. Janaki AmmalNational Award on Taxonomy for the year2008 were duly invited throughadvertisements in print and electronic mediaand by writing letters to all concerned. Withthe approval of Minister of State (IC), the

Ministry also extended the tenure of theSelection Committee from 08.09.2009 to07.09.2012. A Meeting of the SelectionCommittee for the Janaki Ammal NationalAward on Taxonomy for 2008 is scheduled tobe held on 23.03.2010 under he Chairmanshipof Secretary (E&F). The Ministry has receivedtwenty four nominations from various sources.

National Awards for Prevention ofPollution and Rajiv GandhiEnvironment Award for CleanTechnology

The National Awards for Preventionof Pollution and the Rajiv Gandhi EnvironmentAward for Clean Technology are given eachyear, in the following identified categories ofhighly polluting industries, of industries whichhave made a significant and measurablecontribution towards development of use ofclean technologies, products or practices thatprevent pollution and find innovative solutionto environmental problems:

Large Scale Industries

i) Sugar, ii) Fertilizer, iii) Cement, iv)Fermentation and Distillery, v) Aluminium, vi)Petro-chemicals, vii) Thermal Power, viii)Caustic Soda, ix) Oil Refineries, x) SulphuricAcid, xi) Tanneries, xii) Copper Smelting, xiii)Zinc Smelting, xiv) Iron and Steel, xv) Pulpand Paper, xvi) Dye and Dye Intermediates,xvii) Pesticides, xviii) Pharmaceuticals.

Small Scale Industries

i) Tanneries, ii) Pulp and Paper, iii)Dye and Dye Intermediates, iv) Pesticides, v)Pharmaceuticals.

The National Awards for Prevention ofPollution are bestowed on twenty three industries(eighteen large scale and five small scaleindustries), one each for the above mentioned

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categories of industries based upon theirperformance during the Award financial year.

The Rajiv Gandhi Environment Awardfor Clean Technology is given to the one whichis the best among these industries, particularlyfrom the angle of adoption of the cleantechnology. The Awards comprise a CashAward of Rupees one lakh in addition to asilver Trophy and a Citation.

National Award for Prevention ofPollution for the year 2007-2008 under theFertilizer category was awarded to M/s IndianFarmers Fertilizer Cooperative Ltd. (IFFCO),Aonla Unit, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh for itscommendable efforts towards conservation ofenergy and water, reduction in waste generationand for its commitment towards maintaining asafe, clean and healthy environment.

Nominations were invited for theNational Awards for Prevention of Pollutionand the Rajiv Gandhi Environment Award forClean Technology for the year 2008-2009.Sixty seven nominations have been receivedfor the Awards for the year 2008-2009 andevaluation of the same are being processedfor consideration of the Award Committee.

Amrita Devi Bishnoi WildlifeProtection Award

The “Amrita Devi Bishnoi WildlifeProtection Award” is a national award institutedby the Ministry for protecting wildlife, whichcarries a cash award of Rs. One lakh, apartfrom citation and medallion. This annual awardis given to an individual/institution pertainingto rural communities for significant contributionin the field of wildlife protection, which isrecognized as having shown exemplary courageand valor or having done some exemplary workfor the protection of wildlife in the country.

Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife ConservationAward

The Rajiv Gandhi WildlifeConservation Award is given for significantcontribution in the field of wildlife which isrecognized as having made or has thepotential to make measurable and majorimpact on the protection and conservation ofwildlife in the country. Two awards of Rs.One lakh each, along with medallions, andcitations, are given to:

– Education and research institutions andorganizations, and

– Forests and Wildlife Officers/researchscholars or scientists/ wildlife conservations.

In addition, the Ministry also awardstwo fellowships viz. a) Dr. Salim Ali NationalWildlife Fellowship and b) Shri KailashSankhla National Wildlife Fellowship. Thefellowships are awarded to inspire andpromote, particularly the younger generationof wildlife managers and scientists, for takingup research/ experimental projects aimed atconservation of the rich wildlife heritage ofthis country. Dr. Salim Ali National WildlifeFellowship and Shri Kailash Sankhla NationalWildlife Fellowship Awards are awarded forResearch/Experimental projects on avianwildlife and on mammalian wildliferespectively.

Medini Puraskar

The Hon’ble Minister of State(Independent Charge) Environment & Forests,honoured four writers under Medini PuraskarScheme with a view to encourage writing oforiginal books in Hindi, on the subjects relatedto the environment for the year 2008.

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CHAPTER – 11

ENVIRONMENTALINFORMATION

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Environmental Information System(ENVIS)

Introduction

All efforts towards protection andimprovement of environment aim atsustaining good quality of life for livingbeings. Environmental management thusplays an important role in effecting abalance between the demands andresources available, thus keeping theenvironmental quality at a satisfactory level.In this regard, environmental informationplays a very vital role not only in formulationof environmental management policies butalso for decision-making process.

Realising the need of such informationthe Ministry set up an EnvironmentalInformation System (ENVIS) in 1983 as aplan programme and as a comprehensivenetwork in environmental informationcollection, collation, storage, retrieval anddissemination to varying users, which includedecision-makers, researchers, academicians,policy planners, research scientists, etc. ENVISwas conceived as a distributed informationnetwork with the subject-specific centres tocarryout the mandates and to provide therelevant and timely information to allconcerned. Association of the various StateGovernments/UTs was also felt necessary inpromoting the ENVIS network to cover a widerange of disciplines of subjects and thecooperation of the various State/UTGovernments. Keeping this in view, thenetwork was expanded gradually with theinvolvement of thematic subject-areas andState Government departments to make it a

more comprehensive environmentalinformation network.

ENVIS network at present consists ofa chain of 76 network partners out of which46 are on subject-specific and 30 are onState related issues. These network partnersare called ENVIS Centres and are located inthe notable organizations/ institutions/Universities/State/UT GovernmentDepartments throughout the country. The FocalPoint of ENVIS is located in the Ministry andcoordinates the activities of all the ENVISnetwork partners to make ENVIS a web-enabled comprehensive information system.The list of ENVIS network partners is givenat Annexure-X.

Objectives

There are two objectives ofEnvironmental Information System (ENVIS).One is “Long term” and the other is “Short-term” objectives.

Long Term Objectives

– To build up a repository and disseminationcentre in Environmental Science andEngineering;

– To gear up the modern technologies ofinformation acquisition, processing,storage, retrieval and dissemination ofenvironmental nature;

– To support and promote research,development and innovation inenvironmental information technology.

Short Term Objectives

– To provide national environmentalinformation service relevant to present

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needs and capable of meeting the futureneeds of the users, originators, processorsand disseminators of information.

– To build up storage, retrieval anddissemination capabilities, with the ultimateobjective of disseminating informationspeedily to the users.

– To promote national and internationalcooperation and liaison for exchange ofenvironment related information.

– To promote, support and assist educationand personnel training programmesdesigned to enhance environmentalinformation processing and utilizingcapabilities.

– To promote and exchange of informationamongst developing countries.

Progress of Activities carried out by ENVISNetwork

The ENVIS network continued itsinformation-related activities, databasedevelopment, publication of requisiteinformation packages through newsletters,abstracting services, etc. and also the query-response services during the year. Details ofthese activities are as follows:

– All the ENVIS Centres, both on the subjectspecific areas and status of environmentand related issues established under theENVIS Scheme, continued theirinformation activities in their concernedspecific areas. The activities of the ENVISNetwork Partners are monitored andevaluated by various ‘Expert EvaluationCommittees’ through Evaluation

Workshops. The workshops are held toevaluate the activities of the Centres tomeet the objectives of ENVIS andnecessary guidelines as well as mid-termcorrections are provided to the Centres.

– A two-day National Seminar on the CoastalEcosystems and Evaluation Workshop ofSouth Indian State ENVIS Centres was heldby the ENVIS Centre at the Kerala StateCouncil for Science Technology andEnvironment (KSCSTE) during 2nd–3rd April,2009 at Munnar, Kerala. The participatingStates presented the activities of theirrespective Centres before the ExpertCommittee and suggestions/guidelineswere advised for further improvement.

– ENVIS Focal Point in the Ministry isresponsible for maintenance and updationof the website of the Ministry (URL: http://moef.gov.in) and disseminatinginformation through the website to allconcerned. Information in the Ministry’swebsite was continuously updated byENVIS focal point throughout the year. Thewebsite (Fig.-45) has also been linked withthe various Divisions of the Ministry in orderto have up-to-date information on the subjectconcerned. Besides, the website is alsoregularly providing information on the newupdates of the Ministry, response to mediareports and other important issues of theMinistry from time to time with the objectiveof disseminating such information to allconcerned. Information has also beenarranged in various heads which includecurrent events, clearances, legislation,Parliament matters, Treaties/Conventions,

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Publications, etc. The website recorded ahuge number of hits per month reflectingthe usage of website by various nationaland international users. Ministry’s websitehas been revamped with better look, contentand design adopting latest technologiesand keeping in view guidelines fordevelopment and management ofgovernment website to make it moretransparent and user friendly.

– A portal of ENVIS at URL: http://www.envis.nic.in (Fig-46) connecting all theENVIS network partners are updatedregularly by the focal point. The portal acts

as a catalyst for inter-centre interaction andfor information on several broad categoriesof subject related to environment underwhich the centres have been established.The websites of all the ENVIS networkpartners could be directly accessed fromthe homepage of the por tal givinginformation on major events, activities andcurrent updates of the entire network

– Query-Answer Service is one of the majorresponsibilities of ENVIS Network. TheENVIS focal point and all its partnersresponded a large number of queries duringthe year and provided substantive

Fig-45. Ministry’s website (http://moef.gov.in)

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information as far as possible. Wherever,information is not readily available, thenetwork provided ‘Referral Service’ to theconcerned users. The major subject-areason which the queries were responded topertain to climate change, ozone layer,environmental conser vation,environmental standards, environmentaleducation and awareness, water and airpol lut ion, waste management andenvironmental laws etc.

– MOU for setting up new ENVIS Centres inHaryana and Lakshdeep has been receivedand actions are taken with the respectiveStates/Union Territory Governments forsigning on the Agreement and Terms ofContract for setting up ENVIS Centres. MoUfrom the Arunachal Pradesh andMeghalaya has been requested fromrespective State Governments forestablishment of an ENVIS Centre in theirstates.

Fig-46. ENVIS website (http://envis.nic.in)

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– The ENVIS Centre located at World WideFund for Nature – India published the‘Environment in Indian Parliament andAnalysis – 2007’ which was released byHon’ble MoS (I/C) for Environment &Forests on the occasion World EnvironmentDay, 2009.

– The Virtual Public Network (VPN) is beingstrengthened to assist the ENVIS networkpartners to upload the updated informationat source. ENVIS focal point in the Ministryis monitoring the ENVIS Centres websiteson regular basis apart from their overallactivities.

– ENVIRONEWS, a quarterly newsletter,published by the focal point with theobjectives of disseminating information onimportant policies, programmes,legislations and other important decisionstaken by the Ministry from time to time toa wide cross-section of the society continuedto be publisehd. The abstracting journal‘Paryavaran Abstracts – reportinginformation on environmental research inIndian context’ continued to be published.

– ENVIS focal point coordinated andpublished the Annual Report 2008-09 ofthe Ministry and got it distributed to variousCentral and State GovernmentDepartments, professional institutions,universities, research organizations,embassies/High Commissions of variouscountries in India, etc. and the concernedgeneral public in order to disseminate theinformation package containing theactivities of the Ministry during 2008-09.The electronic version of current and

archieved Annual Reports are alsoavailable on the website of the Ministry.

– During the year, the ISBEID programme ofENVIS was reviewed by the expertsconsidering the inputs from theimplementing States and NIC. Based onthe review, actions have been initiated forextending the ISBEID programme for otherremaining States/UTs with modifiedmodules.

– The ENVIS has been representing theMinistry in various Committees of theGovernment, especially those constitutedby Ministry of Programme Implementationand Statistics. It also provided necessaryinformation for publication of Compendiumof Environmental Statistics, report onWomen and Men in India – 2008’,Statistical Abstracts, etc., periodically.

State of Environment ReportingScheme

– During the year, Ministry published the‘State of Environment Report India, 2009’in collaboration with DevelopmentAlternatives, New Delhi. The SoER India,2009 provides information in the forms ofmap, charts, data tables, photographs onvarious facets of green, blue and brownenvironmental issues and analyses followingon the Pressure – State – Impact – Response(PSIR) analytical frame work. It outlines thestate and trend of the environment (land,air, water, biodiversity) and five keyenvironmental issues identified for India as(i) Climate Change, (ii) Food Security, (iii)Water Security, (iv) Energy Security and (v)

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Managing Urbanization. The report wasreleased by Shri Jairam Ramesh, Ministerof State for Environment and Forests (I/C),on 11th August, 2009 in New Delhi.

– During the 10th Plan period, Ministrylaunched a scheme for preparation ofState of Environment Report with theobjective of highlighting the upstream anddownstream linkages with environmentalissues besides creating a baselinedocument in the form of SoE Report inwhich each State/UTs has to prepare thestate of environment in their respectivestates. Under the scheme 100% centralassistance was provided to the States/UTs to prepare their SoER. The schemewas extended to the 11th Five Year Planand the Ministry continued the job forpreparation of the State of EnvironmentReport for those States/UTs left out in theprevious Plan. The preparation of SoERepor t for the states of ArunachalPradesh, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh,Tripura, Andhra Pradesh and the city ofHyderabad are in progress. Initiativeshave been taken for preparation of SoEReport for the metro cities of Chennaiand Delhi along with the state of Jammuand Kashmir.

– The Ministry had developed an “InteractiveState of Environment Atlas” in collaborationwith Development Alternatives, New Delhi.The Atlas provides information on allaspects of green (forests), blue (water) andbrown (pollution) environmental issues inthe forms of maps, data, tables,photographs and bibliographic materials

in an easy to use format so that it can beshared easily and quickly amongst the stakeholders. The Interactive Atlas is beingupdated on a quarterly basis on the website.

Statistical Cell

The role of Statistical Cell in the Ministryinter alia includes assistance to different Divisionsof the Ministry in providing Statistical inputsand also to liaison with other Central Ministries/Organizations/ other agencies national andinternational in the matter of environment andforestry statistics. During the year the Cellprovided inputs for various publications ofCentral Statistical Organizaions on environmentand forests. Statistical Adviser attended (i) 17th

Conference of Central and States StatisticalOrganisations (COCSSO); ii) Expert Committeefor Development of Database on ClimateChange; iii) Committee on issues in theEstimation of GDP of Forestry Sector. Besides,some core statistics pertaining to the Ministrywas identified and material sent to MoS & PIas recommended by National StatisticalCommission.

Information and Facilitation Centre(IFC)

The Information & Facilitation Counterat Paryavaran Bhavan has been functioningfor over three years with the assistance ofCentre for Environment Education, a Centreof Excellence supported under this Ministry.The IFC is equipped with a helpdesk,touchscreen computer and open display areato guide the visitors. The priced publicationsof the Ministry are available from the IFCagainst payment.

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– IFC continued to disseminate the Ministry’spublications such as Annual Reports,Brochures, Journals, Newsletters, ResearchGuidelines, Awards Guidelines, FundingSchemes etc. It is also providing guidanceregarding application procedure for variousschemes of the Ministry along with theinformation about the status of variousapplications submitted to the Ministry.

– IFC also helps in receiving the RTIapplications from applicants under the “in-person” option.

NGO Cell

– A Non-Governmental Organisation Cell(NGO Cell) has been set up in the Ministry

to handle various matters relating to NGO’sworking in diverse field of environment.The basic functions of the Cell are:

– Collection and dissemination ofinformation to various NGOs.

– Liaison with the Planning Commission andother Government Ministries to create adatabase of various NGOs working inthe field of environment and its associatedareas.

– Attending Parliament Questions pertainingto NGO activities in the Ministry.

– Attending to RTI matters pertaining toinformation on NGO schemes in theMinistry.

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CHAPTER – 12

LEGISLATION ANDINSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT

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Introduction

The Policy and Law Division of theMinistry is partly implementing the schemes‘Assistance for Abatement of Pollution,Environment Policy and Law’ and ‘Establismentof Environment Commission and Tribunal’ andproviding legislative and institutional supportto other thematic divisions whenever need forany amendment to existing legislation/notification or enactment of new legislationarises. In addition, the division is specificallylooking after the implementation of theNational Environment Policy 2006, NationalGreen Tribunal Bill 2009, recommendationsof the Law Commission in its 186th report andthe Ecomark Scheme.

The National Green Tribunal Bill, 2009

The National Green Tribunal (NGT)Bill, 2009 was introduced in the Lok Sabhaon 31st July, 2009. The Bill provides for theestablishment of a National EnvironmentTribunal for the effective and expeditiousdisposal of cases relating to environmentalprotection and conservation of forests andother natural resources including enforcementof any legal right relating to environment andgiving relief and compensation for damagesto persons and property.

The Bill was referred to the Departmentrelated Parliamentary Standing Committee onScience and Technology, Environment andForests for examination and report. TheCommittee submitted its Report to the RajyaSabha Secretariat on 24th November, 2009.The Cabinet in its meeting held on 3rd

December, 2009 has approved the proposalregarding official amendments to NGT Bill2009. Presently, the Bill is pending in the LokSabha for consideration and passing.

National Environment ProtectionAuthority

The Ministry has initiated a proposalto establish a National Environment ProtectionAuthority (NEPA) to strengthen the regulatoryframework and to improve the environmentalgovernance in the country. A concept noteon NEPA was uploaded in the Ministry’swebsite and large numbers of suggestionshave been received from various stakeholders.As part of the consultation process, a meetingwas conducted on 26th November, 2009 inNew Delhi in which representatives of StateGovernments, State Pollution Control Boards/Pollution Control Committees, Central PollutionControl Board and line Ministries participated.A study has been awarded to IIT, Delhi toworkout the scope and architecture of theNEPA in detail.

National Environment Policy, 2006

The National Environment Policy (NEP)2006 is the first comprehensive policydocument formulated at national level forrealizing the overarching goal of sustainabledevelopment in the country. It does notdisplace but builds on earlier policies. It isthe outcome of extensive consultations withexperts, governments, industry associations,academic and research institutions, civilsociety, NGOs and the public. The NEPoutlines the significance of a number of newand continuing initiatives for enhancingenvironmental conservation which requirescoordinated action of diverse actors andstakeholders at all levels.

– National Environment Policy has beenwidely circulated and is available onMinistry’s website www.moef.gov.in. TheDivision is cordinating the implementation

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of the Action Plans of various divisions ofMinistry of Environment and Forests. Theconcerned Central Ministries have beenasked to formulate Action Plans for effectiveimplementation of the NEP.

Trade and Environment


With privatisation, liberalisation andglobalisation of the Indian Economy,environment and forest sectors are alsoundergoing signs of change. Further with thelooming dangers of global warming andclimate change, environment has emergedas a matter of great concern both at thenational as well as international level.Environment and forests sectors areincreasingly figuring as areas of interests inthe bilateral, plurilateral and multilateral FreeTrade Agreements. India being a foundermember of the World Trade Organisation(WTO) is governed by its basic bindingprinciples and has been actively participatingin such trade negotiations. The Doha Roundof Trade Negotiations launched in November,2001 has introduced negotiations inenvironmental goods & services. As a result,both the environmental goods andenvironmental services have emerged asareas of significance for India. Further thePara 31(iii) of the Doha Ministerial Declaration(DMD) enjoins upon the WTO members toreduce or eliminate tariffs on environmentalgoods and services.

At the 7th Ministerial Conference ofthe WTO held in Geneva on 30th Novemberto 2nd December, 2009, the Ministersreaffirmed the need to conclude the DohaRound in 2010 and for a stock-taking exerciseto take place in the first quarter of next year.

There was support for asking Senior Officialsto continue to work to map the road towardsthat point. Gaps however remained onsubstance and there was wideacknowledgment of the need for leadershipand engagement on the remaining specificissues over the coming weeks.

Trade & Environment Cell of the Ministryundertakes following items of work:

– Provide technical inputs to the preparatoryprocess in the area of trade & environment,in particular, items under negotiations inthe WTO and other multilateral, bilateraland regional fora.

– Act as the nodal section within the Ministryto deal with references received from theMinistry of Commerce and Industry; and

– Implementation of the ongoing consultancyproject on Trade & Environment.


During the year, the Trade &Environment Cell examined and furnishedinputs from the Ministry of Environment andForests (MoEF) to the Department ofCommerce with regard to the negotiationsunder the aegis of the World TradeOrganisation (WTO), both in the area ofEnvironmental Goods and Services. The mostimportant aspect of these negotiations beingthe list of one hundred fifty three environmentalgoods proposed by the demandeurs in theWTO for being adopted as the list forengaging in tariff reduction negotiations.Besides this list, a list of forty three climatefriendly technologies/goods, proposed by themajor proponents, is also under considerationin the WTO. However, the basic issues ofmodality and definition of environmental goods

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remains unresolved. The Ministry ofEnvironment & Forests, along with theDepartment of Commerce and the Centre forWTO Studies also participated in awarenessraising consultations on Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary Measures and Technical Barriers toTrade in four cities. During the year, theMinistry also participated in the Stakeholders’

Seminars on WTO negotiations organisedby the Centre for WTO Studies under theDepartment of Commerce. Further, under theongoing Project on Trade & Environment,being implemented with the Madras Schoolof Economics, detailed papers on thevarious aspects of the issue are underpreparation.

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Annual Report 2009-2010CHAPTER – 13

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ANDSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

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Introduction

The Ministry of Environment and Forestsis the nodal Ministry in the Government ofIndia for all Bilateral and MultilateralEnvironmental Agreements. These includeVienna Convention for the Protection of theOzone Layer, Montreal Protocol on Substancesthat deplete the Ozone Layer, UN Conventionson Biological Diversity, UN FrameworkConvention on Climate Change, UNConvention to Combat Desertification, KyotoProtocol, the Basel Convention on Trans-boundary Movement of HazardousSubstances, Stockholm Convention onPersistent Organic Pollutants, RotterdamConvention, Ramsar Convention etc.

International Co-operation &Sustainable Development Division is the nodalpoint within the Ministry to coordinate allinternational environmental cooperation andsustainable development issues. It is the nodalDivision for United Nations EnvironmentProgramme (UNEP), United NationsDevelopment Programme (UNDP), WorldBank, UNIDO, UN Commission for SustainableDevelopment (CSD), Global EnvironmentFacility (GEF) and regional bodies likeEconomic & Social Commission for Asia &Pacific (ESCAP), South Asian Associationfor Regional Cooperation (SAARC), SouthAsia Cooperative Environment Programme(SACEP), ADB and European Union (EU),India Brazil South Africa (IBSA) Summit onEnvironment, India-Canada EnvironmentForum etc. The Division also handles bilateralcountry to country co-operation in the areasof environment protection and sustainabledevelopment.

Progress/Achievements during the year

Commission on SustainableDevelopment (CSD)

– The United Nations Conference onEnvironment and Development (UNCED),was held in Brazil in 1992, adopted theAgenda 21, which is a blue print for aglobal plan of action for achievingsustainable development. The Commissionon Sustainable Development (CSD) was setup in 1993 under United Nations Economic& Social Council (UN ECOSOC) for thepurpose of review of progress ofimplementation of the Agenda 21. Ministryof External Affairs is the nodal Ministry forthe CSD matters. However this Ministry playsthe role for providing technical support andfor implementation of the Agenda 21.

– The 17th Session (being the Policy Session)of the Commission on SustainableDevelopment (CSD), was held from 4-15May, 2009 in New York, which consideredthe thematic areas of agriculture, ruraldevelopment, land, drought, desertificationand Africa. A delegation from Indiacomprising the representatives from thisMinistry and other line Ministries hadattended the above Session under theleadership of the Minister of State in theMinistry of Environment and Forests.

– India had already submitted a NationalReport ‘Sustaining Rural Lives andLivelihoods’ to the Commission in its 16th

Session.

– In order to strengthen the India’s preparationtowards the 17th Session of the Commissionon Sustainable Development, a NationalConsultation was organized on 7th April,

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2009 at Ahmedabad, Gujarat inviting theNGOs and Academic Institutions.

– The 17th Session, being a Policy Session,India has further brought out a handbooktitled “Sustainable Development: The IndianExperience” showing the best practicesprevalent in India relevant to the thematicareas of agriculture, rural development,land, drought and desertification. Theproceedings of the 17th CSD are availableat http://www.un.org/esa/dsd/csd/csd_csd17.shtml .

– The CSD will organize its 18th Session asReview Session in New York, USA from 3-14 May, 2010. This session will focus onthe different thematic issues such as (i)Transport (ii) Chemicals (iii) WasteManagement (Hazardous and Solid waste)(iv) Mining and (v) A 10 year Frameworkof Programmes on Sustainable Consumptionand Production

– The CSD is organizing the RegionalImplementation Meetings (RIMs) region-wisein order to contribute to the work of CSD18 and to identify region-specific obstaclesand constraints, new challenges andopportunities, and sharing of lessons learnedand best practices concerning to thethematic issues of CSD 18. The RegionalImplementation Meeting for Asia and thePacific was held in Bangkok, Thailand from30 November, 2009 to 1st December, 2009which was participated by the representativeof this Ministry,

United Nations EnvironmentProgramme (UNEP)

– The United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP) established in 1972 after the RioEarth Summit is the principle entity within

the UN System to assist the developingcountries in building scientific and technicalcapacity, fostering partnership andknowledge development to promoteenvironment for sustainable development.Based in Nairobi, Kenya, UNEP activitiesare range from assessment of environmentaltrends, especially early warning systems todealing with the environmental disasters andemergencies to the promotion ofenvironmental science and information.

– One of the main responsibilities of the UNEPis to keep under review the worldenvironmental situation and ensure thatemerging environmental problems of wideinternational significance are prioritized andreceive appropriate and adequateconsideration by the Governments.

– The Governing Council/Global MinisterialEnvironment Forum of UNEP is the high levelenvironment policy forum which brings theworld’s environment ministers together to“review important and emerging policyissues in the field of the environment”. TheCouncil/Forum meets annually,

– The UNEP Council/Forum is organizing its11th Special Session at Bali, Indonesia from24-26 February, 2010. The theme of themeeting is ‘Environment in the multilateralsystem’ under which various issues ofinternational environment governance, greeneconomy, biodiversity and ecosystemservices, international law etc. will bediscussed.

Global Environment Facility (GEF)

– The Global Environment Facility (GEF)established in 1991, as an independentfinancial mechanism provides grants todeveloping countries and economies in

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transition for projects that benefit the globalenvironment and promote sustainablelivelihoods. India is a founder member ofGEF. We are both a donor and recipientof GEF funds. India represents GEF SouthAsia Constituency (including Bangladesh,Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka) inGEF Council.

– GEF projects address six focal areas –biodiversity, climate change, landdegradation, international waters, ozonelayer depletion and persistent organicpollutants. They also address twocrosscutting issues viz., sustainable forestmanagement and sound chemicalmanagement. The GEF is a project co-financer providing “new and additional”funds to address the global environmentalissues. GEF projects are implementedthrough its 10 agencies including UNDP,WB, UNEP, UNIDO, FAO, IFAD, ADB,AfDB, EBRD and IDB.

– Over the past 18 years, the GEF hasinvested USD 8.6 billion directly as grantand leveraged USD 36.1 billion in co-financing for more than 2,400 projects inmore than 165 countries. Since 1991, Indiahas contributed about USD 42 million toGEF, accessed about USD 331 million asGEF grant while leveraging a co-financingof USD 1,989 million.

– The Ministry of Environment and Forests(MoEF), GoI is the designated GEFOperational Focal Point India. It is primarilyresponsible for the in-country coordinationof GEF projects and other operationalactivities as well as participating in the GEFCouncil meetings at Washington twice ayear. The Department of Economic Affairsis the GEF Political Focal Point India

responsible for GEF governance and policyrelated issues.

– The GEF Empowered Committee chairedby the Secretary (E&F) functions as anempowered body to determine nationalpriorities, streamline eligibility checks,approvals and endorsements of GEFproposals, monitor project implementation,and in formulating country’s stand for themeetings of GEF Assembly and Council.The Committee meets on a quarterly basis.The GEF Cell in the Ministry assists incoordinating GEF activities in the country.The projects/ concept notes can besubmitted to the GEF Cell on a rolling basis.

Small Grant Programme (SGP)

– Launched in 1992, GEF Small GrantsProgram (SGP) complements GEF full- andmedium-sized project funding, by providinga window for the direct participation ofNGOs, local communities, and othergrassroots organizations. SGP is a countrywide, focus on the tribal, remote,inaccessible areas and with Indigenous tribalpeople. SGP India has funded more than300 projects worth USD 5.2 million of grantand co-finance leveraged is USD 6.2 millionfrom communities and other stakeholderslike Govt., local administration & privatesector

– On behalf of this Ministry, the SGP in Indiais being hosted and coordinated by theCentre for Environment Education. TheNational Steering Committee chaired by theJoint Secretary, IC & SD Division, whichapproves the projects on a quarterly basis.The project proposals/ concept notes couldbe submitted to the CEE’s regional cells ona rolling basis.

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– SGP is a flagship program. To upscale andreplicate successful SGP India initiatives atthe grassroot level, the Ministry has provideda grant of Rs 1.7 crore (since 2005 – 06).

South Asia Cooperative EnvironmentProgramme (SACEP)

– SACEP was set up in 1982 withheadquarters in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It aimsto promote regional Co-operation in SouthAsia in the field of environment, both naturaland human, in the context of sustainabledevelopment and on issues of economic andsocial development which also impinge onthe environment and vice versa. It supportsconservation and management of naturalresources of the region by working closelywith all national, regional, and internationalinstitutions, governmental andnongovernmental efforts, as well as expertsand groups engaged in such co-operationand conservation.

– Secretary, Ministry of Environment andForests is the SACEP Focal Point for India.The SACEP holds its Governing Council(GC) meetings, which concentrate on currentregional issues as well as global concerns.The 11th Governing Council of SACEP washeld at Jaipur, India from 20-22 May, 2008.The meeting deliberated uponorganizational, institutional andprogrammatic matters relating toenvironmental cooperation in South AsiaRegion.

Delhi Sustainable DevelopmentSummit, 2009

– Sustainable Development being a thrust areaof the Ministry of Environment and Forests,this Ministry has been supporting The Energy

and Resources Institute (TERI) has beenorganizing Delhi Sustainable DevelopmentSummit (DSDS) since 2001.

– The 9th Delhi Sustainable DevelopmentSummit was organized by TERI from 5-7February, 2009. The theme of the summitwas ‘Toward Copenhagen: An Equitableand Ethical Approach’.

– The 10th Delhi Sustainable DevelopmentSummit will be organized by TERI from 5-7 February, 2010 which will focus on thetheme ‘Beyond Copenhagen: NewPathways to Sustainable Development’.

South Asian Association for RegionalCooperation (SAARC)

– The South Asian Association for RegionalCooperation (SAARC), which is anintergovernmental body, was established in1985 with the aim to provide a platformfor the peoples of South Asia to worktogether in a spirit of friendship, trust andunderstanding so that the process ofeconomic and social development inMember States could be accelerated. TheSAARC has eight countries as its members,viz., Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India,Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.

– So far, eight Environment MinistersConferences have been held under SAARC,which also has a Committee on Environment,Meteorology and Forest, for working outthe detailed plan of action in these areasand implementing the same. Strengtheningregional cooperation in environment is thefocus of the SAARC meetings.

– At the request of the SAARC Secretariat tothe Government of India to host the 8th

Meeting of the SAARC Environment

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Ministers, this Ministry hosted the 8th Meetingof the SAARC Environment Ministers on 20th

October, 2009 preceded by the meetingof the Senior Officials of the SAARCCountries on 19th October, 2009, at NewDelhi in collaboration with the Ministry ofExternal Affairs.

– Shri Jairam Ramesh, Minister of State(independent Charge), Environment andForests had chaired the 8th Meeting of theSAARC Environment Ministers and Shri VijaiSharma, Secretary, Ministry of Environmentand Forests had chaired the meeting ofSenior Officials of SAARC Countries. Boththe meetings were attended by theEnvironment Ministers and Senior andAssociated Officers of the SAARC countriesviz Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan,Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka,officials from SAARC Secretariat, UNEPRegional Office, SAARC MeteorologicalResearch Centre, Dhaka and SAARCDisaster Management Centre, New Delhi.Senior Officers from the Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests, Ministry of ExternalAffairs, Ministry of Home Affairs, Departmentof Science and Technology and IndianMeteorological Department also attendedthe meetings. .

– H.R.H. Prince Mostapha Zaher, DirectorGeneral, National Environmental ProtectionAgency of Afghanistan, H.E. Dr. HasanMahmud, State Minister, Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests of Bangladesh, H.E.Dasho Nado Rinchhen, Deputy Minister,National Environment Commission of Bhutan,Mr. Vijai Sharma, Secretary, Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests of India, H.E. Mr.Mohamed Aslam, Minister of Housing,Transport and Environment of the Maldives,

H.E. Mr. Thakur Sharma, Minister forEnvironment of Nepal, Mr. Kamran Lashari,Secretary, Ministry of Environment ofPakistan and Hon. Mr. Patali ChampikaRanawaka, MP, Minister of Environment andNatural Resources of Sri Lanka, made theirrespective country statements in the meetings.

– The outcome/salient features of the meetingsare as follow:

(i) The Meeting noted that cooperationin a number of areas pursuant to thedirectives issued by the Fourteenth andFifteenth SAARC Summits have beenidentified in the draft “SAARC Treatyon Cooperation in the field ofEnvironment”. The Meeting resolved topursue meaningful cooperation in theidentified areas after the draft Treatyhas been finalized by the Inter-governmental Expert Group andformally signed during the SixteenthSAARC Summit

(ii) The Meeting agreed to present acommon position at the forthcomingCOP 15 Conference in Copenhagenin December 2009 and also decidedto consider organizing an appropriateSAARC side event on the sidelines ofCOP 15, the modalities of which willbe decided in due course. The meetingdirected the SAARC Secretariat tocirculate a draft common positionbased on the SAARC positionpresented at the Bali Conference in2007 and the relevant sections onClimate Change as contained in theDelhi Statement on Cooperation inEnvironment to Member States. It wasagreed that Sri Lanka as the currentChair of SAARC would present the

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common SAARC position at COP 15.The offer by the Government of Indiato discuss and finalize the logisticalarrangements for the SAARC side eventwith the organizers in Copenhagenand the UNFCCC Secretariat waswelcomed.

(iii) The meeting agreed to publish acompendium of SAARC National Plansof Action on Climate Change beforethe forthcoming COP 15 Conferencein Copenhagen in December 2009.Member States were requested tosubmit copies of their respectiveNational Action Plans to the SAARCSecretariat soon.

(iv) The meeting noted the proposal byBangladesh for expanding the mandateof and strengthening the SAARCMeteorological Research Center(SMRC), Dhaka, to deal with ClimateChange issues and also requested theGovernment of Bangladesh to submita Concept Paper by February 2010for the consideration of MemberStates.

(v) The meeting welcomed the proposalby Bhutan to adopt Climate Changeas the theme for the Sixteenth SAARCSummit and took note of the ConceptPaper circulated by Bhutan.

(vi) The Meeting expressed itsappreciation for the excellent workdone by the Senior Officials andapproved the recommendationscontained therein.

(vii) The Meeting approved and adoptedthe SAARC Ministerial Statement on

Cooperation in Environment (“DelhiStatement”).

(viii) The meeting approved therecommendations of the SeniorOfficials Meeting and agreed thatMember States that have yet to forwardcopies of their National Plans of Actionto the Secretariat for the implementationof the Comprehensive Framework onDisaster Management and DisasterPrevention would do so at an earlydate. The Meeting also appreciatedthe offer of Bangladesh to host anExpert Group Meeting after all MemberStates have submitted their respectiveNational Plans of Action. The datesfor the Expert Group Meeting will becommunicated to the Member Statesthrough the SAARC Secretariat.

(ix) The Meeting endorsed therecommendation by the SeniorOfficials to utilize the expertise ofSAARC Disaster Management Centre(SDMC), New Delhi to harmonize theNational Reports and articulate aRegional Plan of Action.

(x) The meeting also appreciated the draft“SAARC Treaty on Cooperation in thefield of Environment” prepared by theGovernment of India, and endorsedthe recommendation to convene anInter-governmental Expert Group(IGEG) Meeting to discuss and finalizethe draft Treaty, so as to enable itsformal adoption during the SixteenthSAARC Summit scheduled to takeplace in Thimpu, Bhutan inApril 2010.

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– This Ministry is organizing the following twomeetings of Senior Officers from the SAARCcountries in New Delhi from 18-19 January,2010 respectively:

(i) Inter-Governmental Expert Group (IGEG)meeting on SAARC Treaty onCooperation in the field of Environment.

(ii) Expert Group (EGM) meeting tofinalize the concept papers

Bilateral Cooperation

– Meeting of Joint Working Group onEnvironment have been held with Norway,Finland and European Union.

(i) 3rd Meeting of Indo-Norwegian JointWorking Group was held from June29-1st July, 2009 in Oslo. In thismeeting exchange of views oninternational conventions likeUNFCCC, UNCBD and UNEP washeld. In addition issues pertaining toEco-village, Eco-Business Partnership,Incineration of hazardous waste werediscussed.

(ii) IBSA Environment Working GroupMeeting was held in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil during July 14-17, 2009 whichwas attended by Shri B.S. Parsheera,Special Secretary, MoEF and ShriJagdish Kishwan, D.G., ICFRE,Dehradun. The matters discussed inthis meeting were Climate Change,Biodiversity and Forests.

(iii) The 5th Meeting of Joint WorkingGroup on Environment with Finlandwas held in New Delhi on01.09.2009. In this meetingMythologies to control Air Pollution,Business perspective to environmental

cooperation, Waste Management,Climate Change etc. were discussed.

(iv) The 6th Meeting of meeting EU-IndiaJoint Working Group was held inBrussels, Belgium on 4th December,2009 in which deliberated on issuesof Ship Dismantling, WaterManagement, Environmental ImpactAssessment and Electronic Waste.

(v) The project proposals discussed in theabove meetings are being implementedin consultation with Department ofEconomic Affairs.

(vi) Apart from the above followingbilateral agreements have also beensigned during the year 2009-10.

– An MoU between the Government ofDenmark and the Government of India forcooperation in the field of environment hasbeen signed on 11.09.2009. The areas tobe covered for cooperation are Water andAir Pollution Control, Waste Management,Harmful Chemical Management and CleanTechnologies etc.

– An MoU between the Government of Swedenand Government of the Republic of Indiafor cooperation in the field of Environmenthas been signed on 5th November, 2009.The area to be covered are environmentalgovernance in the areas of environmentallegislation, regulation, monitoring,enforcement and planning.

– Both the MoUs have opened up new areasof cooperation between the two countriesby providing institutional platform foreffective coordination of commonperspectives in international fora and alsofor joint efforts for achievements of commongoals in the field of environment.

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World Bank

– IC&SD Division is nodal division for theoverall World Bank portfolio inenvironmental projects. It coordinates theinitial tying up of activities including crucialnegotiations before the projects are actuallystarted by the concerned thematic divisions.

– Ms. Katherine Sierra, Vice President forSustainable Development Network, WorldBank along with her team met with Secretary(Environment & Forests) on 4th February,2009 to discuss the role of World Bank insupporting climate change and sustainabledevelopment in India and globally.

3rd India Roundtable on SustainableConsumption and Production (SCP)

– The unsustainable production andconsumption pattern constitutes a greatenvironmental problem towards sustainabledevelopment as recognized in the WorldSummit on Sustainable Development heldin Johannesburg, South Africa during 2002.

– Ministry of Environment & Forests alongwiththe United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP) is organizing the 3rd IndiaRoundtable on SCP in New Delhi inFebruary, 2010.

Externally Aided Projects (EAPs)

The Externally-Aided Projects Divisiondeals with the appraisal, approvals andmonitoring of forestry-related projects whichare funded by external agencies. These projectsare implemented in the States with assistancefrom external funding agencies viz. JapanInternational Cooperation Agency (JICA),World Bank (WB), etc. At present, nineprojects are assisted by JICA and one by theWorld Bank.

The funds are utilized for promotingafforestation, regeneration of degraded forestareas, water and soil conservation measures,farm forestry, agro forestry with the aim toincrease forest and tree cover as well as toaugment availability of fuel wood and fodder,improve the livelihood opportunities and qualityof life of the villagers adjoining forests,strengthening joint forest managementinstitutions to ensure people’s participation,besides encouraging tree growing on privateland as well as greening of the urban areasin accordance to the objectives envisaged invarious projects under implementation. Theseprojects are reimbursed their actualexpenditure as per the loan agreements.

At present, ten State Sector ForestryProjects with an investment of about Rs. 5,287Crores are being implemented in ten Statesand another project under Central Sector titled“Capacity Building for Frontline Staff in ForestrySector” with an outlay of Rs. 225 crores isbeing implemented in 10 States. Details ofprojects under implementation, their objectives,components, project cost, project period, etc.are given in Table-29.

The following forestry projects havebeen included for consideration under theRolling Plan for 2009-11 for external funding:

Under consideration by JICA:

– Integrated Project for SustainableDevelopment of Forest Resource in Sikkim.

– Tamil Nadu Natural Resource ManagementProject

Under consideration by AFD (FrenchDevelopment Agency):

– Assam Forestry Development Project

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Table-29. Details of ongoing projects under financial assistance from various funding agencies

S. No

Name of the Project

Implementing Agency/ State

Cost (in Rs. Crores)

Funding Agency

Objectives components Project Period

1. Uttar Pradesh Participatory Forest Management and Poverty Alleviation Project

Uttar Pradesh 575 JICA To restore degraded forests, to augment forest resources and to improve livelihood for and empower the local people who are depend on forests by promoting sustainable forests management including JFM plantation and community development, thereby improving environment and alleviating poverty.

i. Plantations, regeneration of forests, etc.

ii. Institutional Strengthening of PMU/DMUs/FMUs

iii. Rehabilitation of Forest Training Institute at Lucknow.

iv. Communication and Publication.

v. Monitoring and Evaluation. vi. Physical Contingency vii. Consulting Services

2008-09 To

2015-16

2. Gujarat Forestry Development Project – Phase II

Gujarat 830 JICA Ecological conservation and restoration; Conservation flora, fauna and natural heritage.; Increase tree cover in and outside the forests; Enhancing people’s participation; Socio-economic empowerment of local people; Increase productivity of augment supplies; Research and development; Organizational capacity building.

i. Preparatory works ii. Departmental Forest

Development and Management

iii. JFM Forest Development and Management

iv. Social Forestry Development and Management

v. Forest Research vi. Communication and

Publication vii. Wildlife Conservation and

Management viii. Monitoring and Evaluation ix. Phase-out works x. Consulting Services

(including price and physical cont.)

2007-08 To

2015-16

3. Tripura Forest Environmental and Poverty Alleviation Project

Tripura 366 JICA To restore degraded forests and improve the livelihoods aspects of villagers, including tribal families engaged in traditional shifting cultivation, and promoting sustainable forest management through JFM, thereby improving environment and alleviating poverty.

i. Rehabilitation of degraded land.

ii. Rehabilitation of degraded and available non forest land.

iii. Farm forestry in Private holding.

iv. Eco-Development. v. Service Support. vi. Rehabilitation of families

engaged in shifting cultivation.

vii. Interface forestry Development.

viii. Supporting Works

2007-08 To

2014-15

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4. Swan River Integrated Watershed Management Project

Himachal Pradesh

162 JICA To regenerate the forests, protect the agricultural land, and enhance agricultural and forestry production in the catchment area of the Swan River, Himachal Pradesh State, by carrying out the integrated watershed management activities including afforestation, civil works for soil and river management, soil protection and land reclamation, and livelihood improvement activities, thereby improving living conditions of people including the poor in the catchment area.

i. Afforestation ii. Civil Work for Soil & River

Management iii. Soil Protection & Land

Reclamation iv. Livelihood Improvement v. Institutional Development

2006-07To

2013-14

5. Orissa Forestry Sector Development Project

Orissa 660 JICA To restore degraded forests and improve the income level of villagers by promoting sustainable forest management including JFM plantation and Community/tribal development, thereby improving environment and alleviating poverty.

i. Protection and Conservation of Biodiversity of forests

ii. Improving productivity of natural forests.

iii. Providing livelihood options for the people (Support to VSS)

iv. Eco-development and ecotourism activities

v. Catering to commercial and industrial demands

vi. Capacity building of the Forest Department.

2006-07To

2012-13

6. Karnataka Sustainable Forests Management & Bio-diversity Conservation

Karnataka 745 JICA To restore forest to bring about ecological restoration and also to facilitate livelihood improvement of the inhabitants of the project villages by afforestation through Joint Forest Planning and Management (JFPM) in the State of Karnataka, which further contributes to reducing poverty and preserving biodiversity conservation of the area?

i. Afforestation ii. Income Generation Activities

for Poverty Alleviation iii. Biodiversity Conservation iv. Provision of Basic

Infrastructure Support for Field work.

v. Supporting Activities for Forest management (Research and Training, Consultancy, and Enhancement of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Management Information System (MIS)

2005-06to

2012-13

7. Tamil Nadu Afforestation project phase-II

Tamil Nadu 567 JICA To restore forests to bring about ecological restoration and also to facilitate livelihood improvement of the inhabitants of the project villages by afforestation through Joint Forest Management in the State of Tamil Nadu, which further contributes to reducing poverty in the area.

i. Integrated Watershed Development

ii. Integrated Tribal Development

iii. Forestry Extension iv. Urban Forestry v. Capacity Building vi. Research Support vii. Human Resources

Development viii. Establishment of Modern

Nurseries ix. Improving the infrastructural

facilities x. Administration xi. Monitoring and Evaluation

2005-06to

2012-13

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8. Integrated Natural Resources Management and Poverty Reduction Project in Haryana

Haryana 286.01 JICA A. To rehabilitate forest lands in an ecologically sustainable manner. B. To improve the quality of life of the villagers and adjoining forests.

i. Soil and Water Conservation

ii. Plantation model and nursery development

iii. Poverty reduction and institution building

iv. Technical assistance v. Supporting activities vi. Administration Staff.

2004-05 to

2010-11

9. Rajasthan Forestry and Biodiversity Project

Rajasthan 442 JICA To carry out plantation works, soil and moisture conservation works to check the desertification and improve the ecological status of the Aravalis; to protect the infrastructures like canals, roads; to improve biodiversity; to augment the availability of forest products like fuel wood, fodder; to generate employment opportunities; and to improve the socio-economic conditions of the rural poor through active participation by local communities.

i. Plantation ii. Joint Forest Management

Consolidation Activities iii. Biodiversity Conservation iv. Equipment and Monitoring

Facilities etc. v. Research, Extension and

Training Activities

2003-04 to

2007-08 (extended upto 31st

July, 2010)

10 Andhra Pradesh Community Forests Management Project

Andhra Pradesh 653.97 World Bank

Promote sustainable natural resource management with focus on policy and institutional reforms to sustain and improve the livelihoods of the rural poor.

i. Livelihood Promotion ii. Forest Management iii. Institutional Strengthening iv. Project Management

Support, etc.

2002-03 to

Sept. 2009

(extended upto 31-3-

2010) 11. Capacity

Development for Forest Management and Training of Personnel

DFE, Dehradun and 10 States (Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Sikkim, Uttarakhand and West Bengal)

225 JICA To improve training environment for frontline staff through the rehabilitation of States Forests Training Institutes and through capacity building of frontline forestry staff putting emphasis on Joint Forests Management (JFM), thereby strengthening human resource development for sustainable forest management.

i. To improve training environment for frontline staff through the rehabilitation of States

ii. Forests Training Institutes and through capacity building of frontline forestry staff putting emphasis on Joint Forests Management (JFM), thereby strengthening human resource

iii. Development for sustainable forest management.

2008-09 to 2013-

14(5 years and 3

months)

Total 5512

The following forestry projects are underconsideration for inclusion in Rolling Plan for2010-12:

– West Bengal Forestry Project

– Rajasthan Forestry and Bio-diversity ProjectPhase-II

– Maharashtra Natural ResourcesManagement Project

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– Integrated Forest Resources Management inJammu & Kashmir

EAP Division also acts as a nodal pointbeing the North-East Cell in respect of NorthEastern States for forestry related matters andfollowing activities:

– Forest based industrial estates,

– Transportation of forest produce,

– Court cases in apex court, etc.

Climate ChangeIntroduction

Climate Change is a serious globalenvironmental concern, which is primarilycaused by the building up of GreenhouseGases in the atmosphere. Recent discourse onclimate change has underscored the fact thatclimate change occupies a high priority onthe environmental agenda of internationalcommunity.

India, as a party to the United NationsFramework Convention on Climate Change,1992 and its Kyoto Protocol, 1997 has beencommitted to address the global problem onthe basis of the principle of “common butdifferentiated responsibilities and respectivecapabilities” of the member Parties. Theobjective of UNFCCC is to stabilize theconcentration of greenhouse gases in theatmosphere at a level that prevents dangerousanthropogenic interference with the climatesystem. The Kyoto Protocol adopted in 1997by the parties to UNFCCC sets legally bindingtargets for GHG reductions by industrializedcountries during the “first commitment period”,2008-2012.

The Kyoto Protocol expects thedeveloped country Parties to reduce, by

2012, their GHG emissions by an order of5.2% below their aggregate 1990 emissions.It makes provisions for use of any of the threemechanisms including the Clean DevelopmentMechanism (CDM) to help developed countriesmeet their quantified emission limitation andreduction commitments domestically andthrough acquisition of greenhouse gasreduction credits from activities outside theirown boundaries at relatively lesser costs. Indiais a major participant in the projects aimedat using Clean Development Mechanism.

The Fourth Assessment Report ofIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change2007 has brought climate change issue to thefore and has led the parties to make seriousefforts to address the problem through longterm cooperative actions as agreed under theBali Action Plan. The IPCC has made seriousprojections of the future scenario in terms ofglobal warming and predicted that there maybe adverse impact of climate change onagriculture, water resources, eco-systems, sealevels, human health and result in rise in extremeweather events.

Impact of Climate Change on India

India has always been subject to alarge degree of climate variability. This is likelyto be accentuated by climate change.According to IPCC, the global temperaturemay rise by 2-4.5oC by the end of this century,including a 2.7-4.3oC increase over India bythe 2080s if adequate actions are not takento reduce emissions globally. At the nationallevel, the observed increase in surface airtemperatures over the past century is 0.4o C.A warming trend along the west coast, incentral India, the interior peninsula, and north-eastern India and cooling trends in north-west

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India and parts of south India have beenobserved. Coasts are projected to be exposedto increase in risk including coastal erosiondue to climate change and sea level rise.Geological Survey of India projects that theglaciers of Himalaya are receding at varyingrates in different regions.

India is conscious of these challengesand has implemented several majorprogrammes addressing the climate variabilityconcerns. These include cyclone warning andprotection, coastal protection, floods anddrought control and relief, major and minorirrigation projects, control of malaria, foodsecurity measures, research on drought resistantcrops, etc. India spends almost 2.5% of itsGDP on such programmes.

India’s emissions and climate change

With 17 per cent of the world’spopulation, India contributes only 4 per centof the total global greenhouse gas emissions.In terms of per capita GHG emissions, it isabout 23 per cent of the global average. Itsper capita consumption of energy is 530 kgoeof primary energy compared to the worldaverage of 1770 kgoe and its per capitaemission of CO2 is among the lowest in theworld. India’s CO2 emissions areapproximately 1 tonne per annum as againsta world average of 4.2 tonnes per annum,while the average for industrialized countriesranges between 10-20 tonnes per capita. Thisis significant in the background of decliningenergy intensity of GDP of India; this is aresult of policies, regulations and programmesset up over the years to address energyefficiency and energy security concerns. Thishas had a positive effect on India’sdevelopment process.

India is one of the few developingcountries in the world where the forest coveris increasing, despite the pressure of populationgrowth and rapid economic development. Asa result of the policies, deforestation has almostcompletely stopped, and afforestation isadding forest cover to about 0.25% of India’sland area every year. More than a fifth ofIndia’s land area is under forest cover andthis serves as a major carbon sink, with almost11% of India’s annual emissions beingabsorbed by the forests. The cover is increasingevery year @ almost 0.8 mn hectares everyyear (proposed to be raised to 2.3 mn hectaresp.a. through the new afforestation initiatives).

Amongst 70 countries studied by theWorld Bank recently, India ranked 48th in2004 in terms of CO2 emissions per unit ofGDP. India’s emissions per capita ranked 63rd,i.e., among the lowest in the world. Moreover,India’s offsetting factor was found to be in linewith global economy. According to the study,during the period 1994-2004, India offset30% of the growth in emissions attributableto increased GDP and population, throughimprovements in energy intensity, fossil fuelmix, and fossil fuel share in total energyconsumption where as some other largecountries saw a poorer offsetting performancein the sub-period 1999-2004.

National Action Plan on ClimateChange

As a part of voluntary actions to addressclimate change related concerns, Indialaunched its National Action Plan on ClimateChange (NAPCC) on 30th June 2008. TheNational Action Plan stresses that maintaininga high growth rate is essential for increasingliving standards of the vast majority of people

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of India and reducing their vulnerability of theimpacts of climate change. The Action Planoutlines a national strategy that aims atenabling the country adapt to climate changeand enhances the ecological sustainability ofIndia’s development path.

Eight National Missions (National SolarMission, National Mission on EnhancedEnergy Efficiency, National Mission onSustainable Habitat, National Water Mission,National Mission for sustaining the HimalayanEcosystem, National Mission for a Green India,National Mission for Sustainable Agricultureand National Mission on Strategic Knowledgefor Climate Change) form the core of theNational Action Plan on Climate Change.Prime Minister’s Council on Climate Changehas approved the Jawaharlal Nehru NationalSolar Mission that envisages generation of20000 mw of solar power by 2020. ThisMission was launched by the Prime Ministerin New Delhi on 11 January 2010. TheNational Mission for Enhanced EnergyEfficiency, coordinated by the Ministry ofPower, has also been approved. Requiredlegislative and administrative measures arebeing put in place so as to implement theMission. Drafts of other Missions have beenprepared and are at various stages ofconsideration.

The ‘Green India’ project, launchedby the Ministry with a view to cover six millionhectares of degraded forestland throughafforestation measures, is an importantcontribution to the objectives of the NationalAction Plan. It forms part of ‘a Green IndiaMission’ announced under the NAPCC.

In a Conference of the Ministers ofEnvironment & Forests of State/UT

Governments held on 18 August 2009,addressed by the Prime Minister, the StateGovernments have been called upon toprepare State Level Action Plans on ClimateChange (SLAPCC) consistent with the strategyoutlined in the NAPCC. Accordingly, actionhas been initiated for preparation of SLAPCCconsistent with the NAPCC in a time-boundmanner. The SLAPCC will enable communitiesand ecosystems to adapt to climate changeeffectively.

Ministry has launched coordinatedefforts, in collaboration with severalinternational agencies to support the StateGovernments in this initiative. Three specificprojects proposed by GTZ, DFID and UNDPhave already been endorsed by the Ministry.The goal of the projects is to contribute toimproving the livelihoods and adaptivecapacities of vulnerable communities inidentified States. In the first phase, MadhyaPradesh, Rajasthan, West Bengal and TamilNadu are proposed to be covered.

Clean Development Mechanism

India has participated effectively in theClean Development Mechanism (CDM) of theKyoto Protocol. The National CDM Authorityfunctions in the Ministry of Environment &Forests to evaluate and recommend CDMprojects for host country approval. HostCountry Approvals have been granted so far(January 2010) to 1551 projects in the sectorsof energy efficiency, fuel switching, industrialprocesses, municipal solid waste andrenewable energy. If all these projects getregistered by the CDM Executive Board, theyhave the potential to generate 627 millionCertified Emission Reductions (CERs) at aconservative price of US$10 per CER, by the

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year 2012 and facilitate an investment ofmore than Rs. 2,16,349 crores. India’s CDMpotential represents a significant componentof the global CDM market. 478 out of thetotal 2011 projects registered by the CDMExecutive Board in UNFCCC (Jan 2010) arefrom India, is the second highest by anycountry in the world.

CDM is an important subject ofnegotiations under Kyoto Protocol. India hasargued that it should be strengthened andcontinued in the 2nd commitment period of theProtocol from 2013 as it has supportedsustainable development in developingcountries, while helping the developedcountries meet their emission reduction targets.

Recent Initiatives

India submits its NationalCommunication to the UNFCCC to provideinformation on the GHG inventory, vulnerabilityassessment, adaptation, research andsystematic observations, and programmesrelated to sustainable development. India’sinitial National Communication (NATCOM)was provided to the UNFCCC in 2004. Thiswas prepared through a national effortinvolving more than 350 scientific personnelconstituted into 131 multi-disciplinary teams.

The Ministry is engaged in the task ofpreparing its second national Communicationwith the help of over 120 scientific andresearch establishments and 220 scientists fromall over the country. NATCOM II will befinalised in 2010 and furnished to UNFCCCin 2011. An Indian Network of ClimateChange Assessment (INCCA) consisting ofscientists and research institutions has also beenlaunched by the Ministry with a view tofacilitate research on climate change and

contribute to the body of knowledge onclimate science and climate changeassessments.

During the year, Ministry brought outa study of “India’s GHG Emissions Profile:Results of Five Climate Modelling Studies” thatwas presented at a function held in New Delhion 02 September 2009. The study shows thatIndia’s emissions trajectory is sustainable andIndia’s per capita emissions will continue tobe low compared to global level even in thelong term due to declining energy intensity ofoutput and autonomous changes in technologyand productivity.

The Ministry, in collaboration with theUnited Nations Department of Economic andSocial Affairs (UNDESA), organised a HighLevel Conference on ‘Climate Change:Technology Development and Transfer’ on 22-23 October 2009 in Delhi to focus ontechnology related issues under negotiation.The Conference, organized in association withthe Federation of Indian Chambers ofCommerce and Industry (FICCI) was attendedby 58 country delegations and 30 Ministersfrom various countries and was addressed bythe Prime Minister. An exhibition organised toshowcase the climate-friendly technologies andservices in association with the Confederationof Indian Industry (CII) was inaugurated bythe Finance Minister. At the end of theConference, a Delhi Statement on Global Co-operation in Technology was issued with aview to provide input to the climate changenegotiations at Copenhagen.

Minister of State (Independent Charge),Environment and Forests, inaugurated theSAARC Clean Development MechanismConference in New Delhi on 1 September

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2009. This Conference, jointly organized bythe Ministry of Environment & Forests and theMinistry of External Affairs, in partnership withthe Federation of Indian Chambers ofCommerce & Industry (FICCI), was attendedby the delegations from SAARC membercountries Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh,Bhutan, Maldives, Sri Lanka and Nepal,besides India.

India’s Five Year plans include astrategy for sustainable growth resulting in lowcarbon sustainable development. 11th FiveYear Plan includes an indicative target ofincreasing energy efficiency by 20% by 2016-17. As a part of its ambitious domestic actions,Government has now declared that it willreduce emissions intensity of its GDP by 20-25% by 2020 in comparison with 2005 level.An expert panel appointed by the PlanningCommission is looking into this matter andwill prepare a plan of sectoral actions toachieve this objective.

Institutional Mechanism to AddressClimate Change

Government of India has set up anelaborate institutional mechanism to considerand address issues relating to climate change.A Council chaired by Prime Minister calledPrime Minister’s Council on Climate Changewas constituted in June 2007 to coordinatenational action for assessment, adaptation andmitigation of climate change. The Councilprovides the overall guidance to climatechange related actions taken by variousMinistries in the Government and otheragencies.

The Policy Guidance Group forInternational Negotiations is headed by PMand consists of Ministers from the concerned

Ministries. A Core Negotiating Team of officialsand technical experts undertakes theinternational negotiations.

An expert committee was set up in2007 under the chairmanship of the PrincipalScientific Adviser to Government to look intothe impacts of climate change. This expertcommittee has given its first set of findings andthe research agenda that the ministries needto follow and implement in order to addressIndia’s vulnerability to anthropogenic climatechange impacts.

India’s participation in International initiatives/negotiations

The year 2010 was marked by a flurryof activities and discussions on climate changein several international bodies and groupsincluding G-8, G-20, MEF and GreenlandDialogue. This Ministry participated in the G-8+ Environment Ministerial meeting in Siracusa,Italy from 22-24 April 2009. Several meetingsof the Major Economies Forum on Energyand Climate Change, an initiative launchedby the USA were held in Washington, Paris,Mexico, and Rome in which this Ministry along-with officials of the MEA, and BEE participatedunder the leadership of the PM’s Special Envoyon Climate Change. At the Rome (L’Aquila)meeting of the MEF held in July 2009, thecountries recognized the need to stabilise theclimate at temperatures below 2 degree takinginto account the need to ensure equity andCBDR principles and also the overridingpriority of the developing countries in termsof social and economic development andpoverty eradication.

One of the important events in this serieswas the Summit on Climate Change organisedby the UN Secretary General in the UN

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Headquarters at New York on 22 September2009. This was attended by the Minister ofState, Environment & Forests.

India participated in the fifteenthConference of Parties (COP-15) held atCopenhagen from 07-18 December 2009 todiscuss and reach an outcome on the climatechange issues being negotiated under the BaliAction Plan and the Kyoto Protocol. An Indiandelegation led by Shri Jairam Ramesh, Ministerof State Environment & Forests participatedin the Conference. Prime Minister alsoaddressed the High Level Segment of theConference on 18th December 2009. Thenegotiations centered on issues relating to ashared vision for long term cooperative actionof the Parties including a long term emissionreduction goal to address climate change,mitigation actions of the Parties includingspecific measures needed to reducedeforestation in developing countries andsupport conservation and sustainable forestrymanagement, sectoral approaches tomitigation actions including market and non-market based measures, adaptation to climatechange, finance and technology required toaddress climate change and technologies andthe necessary mechanism needed to facilitatethe flow of such support to the developingcountries. An outcome of climate changenegotiations as envisaged could not bereached at Copenhagen. It was decided tocontinue the negotiations with a view toconclude them at the next CoP scheduled tobe held in Cancun (Mexico) from 29 Novemberto 10 December 2010.

At the Copenhagen conference, theDanish Prime Minister (COP- 15 President) hadcalled a meeting of select group of Heads ofState/Government during the High-Level

Segment of the Conference, in which Indiaparticipated. The meeting discussed therelevant issues and the COP Presidentpresented the results of the discussion, at hisinitiative, to the COP plenary in form of a‘Copenhagen Accord’. However, the COP didadopt the Accord and only took ‘note’ of it.

Prior to the Copenhagen ClimateChange Negotiations, Brazil, South Africa,India & China had engaged themselves inregular consultations in the format of ‘BASIC’to coordinate positions and take care of theinterests of developing countries. Immediatelyafter the Copenhagen Conference, the Ministryorganized the 2nd Ministerial meeting of theBASIC countries’ Environment Ministers’ inNew Delhi on 24th January 2010 to takestock of the post-Copenhagen developmentsand chalk out a coordinated strategy ofnegotiations.

Bilateral/other Initiatives on ClimateChange

During the year, Minister of State(Independent Charge), Environment & Forestsaccompanied by a delegation of officialsvisited China, US and Denmark to holdbilateral consultations on climate change andmatters relating to environmental cooperation.

As a result of understanding reachedduring the Minister’s visit to China, India andChina signed, on 21 October 2009 in NewDelhi, a Memorandum of Agreement onCooperation on Addressing Climate Change.The Agreement is intended to enhancecooperation with China and promote mutualunderstanding and coordination oninternational issues relating to climate change,while providing opportunities for cooperationin areas of research development and diffusion

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of technologies. The Agreementestablishes a China–IndiaWorking Group on ClimateChange for exchange of viewson issues relating to domesticpolicies, international negotiationand implementation of relatedcooperation projects.

Secretary (Environment &Forests) led the India delegationto the South Asia RegionalConference on Climate Changein the Himalayan Region,organized by the Government ofNepal in Kathmandu from 31August to 01 September 2009.The Ministry also participated in the 31st

session of Inter-Governmental Panel on ClimateChange (IPCC) held during 26-29 October2009 in Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia.

India engages bilaterally with severalcountries in the field of climate change. Indiahas signed MOU with Italy, Canada andDenmark for promoting cooperation in the fieldof CDM. On 22 October 2009, India andNorway signed an MOU on Cooperation inthe Area of Climate Change & Implementationof CDM Projects of Kyoto Protocol. A JointWork Programme on Climate Change issuesbetween India and EU is being formulated.India is also engaged in discussions withWorld Bank, DFID and GTZ to launch specificstudies/projects for adaptation to climatechange in chosen areas/regions of the country.These projects will be so designed as to ensurethat they are consistent with the objectives ofthe National Action Plan.

As a member of the Asia PacificPartnership on Clean Development and Climate

(APP-China, Japan, South Korea, Canada,USA and India), this Ministry, in coordinationwith the Ministries of External Affairs, Coal,and Power participated in the meetings of theAPP held in Gold Coast, Australia (19-20May) and Shanghai (26 October). Thepartnership focuses on development, diffusionand transfer of clean and more efficienttechnologies and functions through eight (8)Task Forces in the area of aluminum, buildingsand appliances, cement, use of fossil energy,coal mining, power generation and transmission,renewable energy and distributed generation,and steel set up to facilitate collaboration intechnology development and diffusion throughpublic-private sector coordination.

India’s National Communication toUnited Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)

India is a Party to the United NationsFramework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC), the objective of which is to achieve

Fig-47. BASIC Group of Countries Environment Ministers during the2nd Ministerial Meeting in New Delhi.

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stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrationsin the atmosphere at a level that would preventdangerous anthropogenic interference with theclimate system. The Convention enjoins Partiesto communicate information about theimplementation of the Convention, taking intoaccount the common but differentiatedresponsibilities and respective capabilities andtheir specific regional and nationaldevelopment priorities, objectives andcircumstances. Article 12 of the Conventionrelates to the communication of informationpertaining to implementation in accordancewith Article 4 (1) of the Convention, wherebyeach Party is required to communicate to theConference of the Parties. The elements ofinformation in the communication are providedin the context of national circumstances andinclude:

– A national inventory of anthropogenicemissions by sources and removals by sinksof all greenhouse gases not controlled bythe Montreal Protocol, to the extent itscapacities permit, using comparablemethodologies to be promoted and agreedupon by the Conference of Parties;

– A general description of steps taken toimplement the Convention including anassessment of impacts, vulnerability due toclimate change and associated adaptationneeds, and

– Any other information that the Party considersrelevant to the achievement of the objectiveof the Convention and suitable for inclusionin its communication, including, if feasible,material relevant for calculations of globalemission trends.

Towards fulfilment of obligation underthe UNFCCC, India submitted its Initial

National Communication (NATCOM I) to theUNFCCC Secretariat in June 2004, withinthree years of receipt of financial support fromthe Global Environment Facility (GEF). Indiais now in the process of preparing its secondnational communication (NATCOM II) to theUNFCCC. The Ministry of Environment &Forests is both executing and implementingagency. The UNDP, New Delhi is the GEFimplementing agency. A wide range ofinstitutions covering research organizations,universities, industry associations and non-governmental organizations spread all acrossIndia and the relevant government ministriesand their departments are participating in thepreparation of NATCOM II.

Progress/Achievements

The work programme of India’s SecondNational Communication NATCOM II waslaunched in 2007. The key components ofthe work programme include (i) estimation ofgreenhouse gas emission inventories by sourcesand removals by sinks; (ii) An assessment oflikely vulnerability due to climate change anddevelopment of adaptation frameworks.

Estimation of greenhouse gas emission

A comprehensive greenhouse gas(GHG) emission inventory by sources andremovals by sinks for the base year 2000using Inter Governmental Panel on ClimateChange (IPCC) guidelines is being preparedunder the aegis of NATCOM II. It covers thesectors in energy, industrial processes andproduct use, agriculture, land use, land usechange and forestry (LULUCF) and waste. Thescope of improvement with reference to theinventories presented in NATCOM I include(i) estimation methodologies for some key

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categories identified in ATCOM I, the effortis to move towards higher levels of estimationfor these categories; (ii) refinement of GHGemission factors developed during INC; (iii)new measurements to develop country-specificemission factors for some key categories; (iv)inclusion of additional gases (CO, NOX,NMVOC, SO2, HFC, PFC and SF6) to theextent capacities permit; (v) inclusion ofadditional GHG pools identified in IPCCguidelines for preparation of nationalgreenhouse gas emission inventories that werenot included in Initial National Communication(INC); and (vi) a strong emphasis on QA/QC procedures as identified in IPCC Reporton Good Practices Guidance (GPG) 2000and 2003. Country wide institutions areinvolved in this activity and include researchinstitutions, universities, nongovernmentalorganizations and industry associationstogether with relevant ministries and associateddepartments.

An assessment of likely vulnerability due toclimate change and development of adaptationframeworks

Under this component followingactivities are currently in progress include, (i)Generation of multiple climate and socio-economic scenarios at the national scale; (ii)further improvement of the national impactassessments of water resources, agriculture,forestry, natural ecosystems, coastal zones,human health with respect to INC; and (iii)Development of adaptation frameworks byundertaking integrated inter-sectoral assessmentapproach.

Development of adaptation frameworksare being attempted through case mode for

selected study areas covering followingthematic area (a) water resources, agricultureproductivity, food security and livelihoods, (b)Himalayan ecosystems and livelihoods; and(c) energy systems and infrastructure due tothe changing temperature and precipitationpatterns. The emphasis is to assess the currentcoping mechanisms operational at the locallevel to combat climate variability, and identifythe incremental measure required to cope withthe adverse impacts of climate change anddevelop adaptation frameworks that may beuseful in the context of development of anational framework for adaptation.

Capacity Building and Monitoring

Training workshops have beenorganized for enhancing capacity of theresearchers for undertaking various activities.Also progress of work in each activity is beingmonitored through sectoral consultativemeetings, through workshops and at the apexlevel by the National Steering Committee ofthe project. Regular monitoring of progressis also being undertaken to incorporate midcourse corrections if any. A Review Workshopwas organized on 13th October 2009 toreview the progress of all activities undertakenunder the aegis of NATCOM II under theChairmanship of Hon’ble MEF.

Indo-UK Collaborative Research Programme– Phase II (Impact and Adaptation)

This is a joint collaborative researchprogramme between the Government of UnitedKingdom, Department of Energy and ClimateChange (formerly, Department of Environment,Food and Rural Affairs) and the Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests, Government or India.The objective of the research programme is

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to improve climate scenarios, quantifying andreducing uncertainty in the impacts, andintroducing consideration of elements ofadaptation in a regional project, with somestake-holders involvement.

The project aims at further advancingcollaborative research project between Indiaand the UK in order to undertake a detailedassessment of potential impacts of climatechange on India, including the socio-economicimpacts of extreme events, and to undertaketwo pilot projects to identify adaptation optionsat the regional scale. Phase- II of the projectwill also update the previous findings withbetter resolution along with on-groundadaptation study in vulnerable regions. Inaddition, it envisages training and institutionalcapacity building through establishment of linksbetween Indian and UK institutions fordeveloping training opportunities relevant tothe study.

The final projects identified for Phase-II of the Indo-UK Collaboration include

– Development and dissemination of HighResolution climate change scenarios for India

– Linking water and agriculture in river basinand impacts of climate change

– Development of socio-economic scenariosof climate change

– Assessment of state level vulnerability andadaptation – a case study in Orissa

– State level vulnerability and adaptationassessment – a study in Madhya Pradesh.

Socio-economic impacts of climate extremes.

A Steering Committee co-chaired bythe representatives of MoEF and Departmentof Energy and Climate Change, UK overseesthe development and implementation of thePhase-II programme.

During the period under report, thePhase-II of the project was launched on 11th

and 12th May 2009. The institutionsresponsible for undertaking research activitieson various components viz., climate changescenarios, national level study on impacts andvulnerability, socio-economic impact andextreme events and adaptation response toclimate change in the States of Orissa andMadhya Pradesh are given as follows.

Name of the Institutions Area of research

Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.

Linking water and agriculture in river basins: Impact of climate change.

Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune

Development and dissemination of high resolution climate change scenario

Winrock International India, Delhi

Assessment of state level vulnerability and adaptation – a case study in Orissa

Development Alternative, New Delhi

State level vulnerability and adaptation assessment – a study in Madhya Pradesh.

Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad

Socio-economics

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Indian Network of Climate ChangeAssessment (INCCA)

This programme launched by Hon’bleMinister (Environment & Forests) Shri JairamRamesh on 14th October 2009. It is a networkbased programme to be coordinated by thisMinistry to undertake more ambitiousprogramme of climate change assessment.This has been an endeavour, bringing togetherInstitutions and Scientists from across thecountry. The results of the various studies arebeing undertaken to enhance understandingof the phenomenon of climate change and itsimpact on various sectors of the Indianeconomy and society. This programme willcover significant aspect related to climatechange, including, for example, the study ofblack carbon and the impact of climate changeon glaciers and on rainfall patterns. The majorelements of the programmes on SectoralAssessment include:

– Climate Change scenarios for 2030

– Impact assessment at national level on waterresources, agriculture, forests, energy,coastal zone and human health.

– Integrated impacts and vulnerabilityassessment

– Developing adaptation frameworks

The studies will be undertaken for fourmajor regions of the country, viz., HimalayanRegion, Western Ghats, North Eastern Regionand Coastal areas. The result of the studywill be made available in the public domainfor peer review, discussion and debate.Further, this programme will provide capacitybuilding to create and nurture the next

generation of climate change scientists andexperts.

The institutional arrangement forimpact, vulnerability and adaptationassessments has been designed to address thecomponents of the programme from amongthe existing network of Institutions.

The programme also envisagespreparing a comprehensive GHG emissioninventory profile by sources and removals bysinks for India. It is being developed usingcomparable methodologies (IPCC 1996/2006).

Intergovernmental panel on ClimateChange (IPCC)

The Intergovernmental panel on ClimateChange is a specialized body jointlyestablished by the United Nations EnvironmentProgramme and World MeteorologicalOrganization mandated to prepare scientificassessments on various aspects of climatechange. The IPCC has been entrusted withthe task of preparing its Fifth Assessment Reporton Climate Change, inter-alia, the physicalscience basis; impacts, vulnerability andadaptation; and mitigation of climate changebased on the published peer-reviewed literatureworldwide after the publication of its FourthAssessment Report brought out by the IPCCin the year 2007. As a nodal ministry inthe Government for the IPCC, the objectiveof this programme is to undertake and facilitateimplementation of various activities of the IPCCat both international and national level.

The IPCC at its 31st Session held inOctober 2009, accepted the outlines of theChapter for its next assessment report onvarious aspects of climate change viz., the

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physical science basis of climate change;impacts, vulnerability and adaptation andmitigation of climate change. An Inter-Ministerial delegation participated in thevarious meetings of the IPCC.

Ozone Layer Protection


– Ozone, a tri-atomic molecule is formednaturally in the upper level of the Earth’satmosphere by high-energy Ultraviolet (UV)radiation from the sun. The radiation breaksdown oxygen molecules, releasing freeatoms, some of which bond with otheroxygen molecules to form ozone. About90 per cent of all ozone formed in this waylies between fifteen and fifty five kilometersabove the Earth’s surface, called theStratosphere.

– The stratospheric Ozone Layer absorbs allthe harmful UV radiations emanating fromthe Sun. It protects plant and animal lifefrom UV radiation. The UV radiation hasthe potential to cause skin cancer, eyecataract, suppress body’s immune system,decrease crop yield etc. which led to theadoption of the Vienna Convention for theProtection of the Ozone Layer in 1985 andthe Montreal Protocol on Substances thatDeplete the Ozone Layer in 1987 alongwith its four Amendments. In India,provisions of the Montreal Protocol andits London Amendment came into effectfrom September 17, 1992. India alsoratified the Copenhagen Amendment(1992), the Montreal Amendment (1997)and the Beijing Amendment (1999) onMarch 3, 2003.

– India was self sufficient in production ofChlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). India wasmainly producing and using nine of the nintyfive substances controlled under the MontrealProtocol. These are CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, Carbontetrachloride (CTC),Hydrochlorofluorocarbons-22 (HCFC-22),Halon-1211, Halon-1301, MethylChloroform and Methyl Bromide. TheseOzone Depleting Substances (ODS) areused in refrigeration and air conditioning,foams, fire fighting, aerosol, fumigation andcleaning applications etc.

– The Government of India has entrusted thework relating to the Ozone layer protectionand implementation of the Montreal Protocolto the Ministry.

– A detailed India Country Programme forphase out of ODS was prepared in 1993to ensure the phase out of ODS accordingto the National Industrial DevelopmentStrategy, without undue burden to theconsumers and the industry and foraccessing the Protocol’s FinancialMechanism in accordance with therequirements stipulated in the MontrealProtocol. The Country Programme wasupdated in 2006. The Executive Committee(Ex-Com) of the Multilateral Fund (MLF) atits 49th meeting held in July 2006 hadapproved the Country Programme Updatefor India.

– The Ministry has set up the Ozone Cell asa National Ozone Unit to look after andto render necessary services to implementthe Protocol and its ODS phase-outprogramme in India. The Ministry hasestablished an Empowered SteeringCommittee (ESC) Chaired by the Secretary

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(E&F) which is supported by the StandingCommittees. These Committees areresponsible for the implementation of theMontreal Protocol provisions, review ofvarious policy and implementation options,project approval and project monitoring.


– India has taken a series of fiscal andregulatory measures to facilitate ODS phase-out in the country. Among fiscal measurestaken, Government has accorded customsand excise duty exemptions on goodsrequired for ODS phase-out projects andnew investment and expansion of establishedindustries with non-ODS technology. In thecurrent financial year i.e. 2009-10 onlybenefit of customs duty has been given forthe above purpose. The Reserve Bank ofIndia has issued directions to all financialinstitutions and commercial banks not tofinance new establishment with ODStechnology. Trade in ODS with non-Partiesto the Protocol has been banned. All ODShave been brought under the ambit oflicensing for purpose of both imports andexports. Import of CFCs in India has beenbanned.

– Awareness activities at the national and statelevel were organized to sensitize thestakeholders to phase-out the ODS in varioussectors. The International Ozone Dayfunction is being organized every year inthe country on 16th September.

– “Montreal Protocol: India’s Success Story”,posters, stickers are brought out every yearon the occasion of International Ozone Daygiving latest information on ODS phase-outin the country and technologies adopted.

– A bi-monthly newsletter viz. ‘VATIS UPDATE-Ozone Layer Protection’ is being publishedgiving latest information on the science ofozone and the technical options evolved andused in various sectors all over the globe.

– Training Programs for customs and otherenforcement officers were organized.

– Training workshops for refrigeration servicingtechnicians on good service practices toreduce CFC consumption in servicing sectorwere organized.

– Participated in the meeting of the Ex-Com,Open Ended Working Group (OEWG),Meeting of the Parties (MOP) and otherrelated meetings.

– Data on production, consumption, export,import of ODSs is being submitted to theOzone Secretariat by end of Septemberevery year.

– Project Management Unit (PMU) was set upin 2002 to implement the CFC and CTCNational Phase-out Plans.

– The phase-out of HCFCs was acceleratedby ten years with certain reduction schedulevide decision XIX/6 of the 19th MOP in2007. This will be a challenging task asHCFCs are widely used in variousapplications like refrigeration and air-conditioning, foam manufacturing, solvents,fire extinguishing etc. India has made anumber of innovative efforts to meet thechallenges of accelerated phase-out ofHCFCs.

– A comprehensive Roadmap to Phase-outHCFCs in various sectors in India has beendeveloped.

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Awards & Appreciations received so far

– The United Nations Environment Programme,on the occasion of 20th Anniversary of theMontreal Protocol, Conferred “ The MontrealProtocol Implementers Award, 2007” to the‘Ozone Cell of India’ in recognition ofextraordinary contributions in the effectiveimplementation of the Montreal Protocol andthe global effort to protect the Ozone Layer.

– The United Nations Environment Programme,on the occasion of 20th Anniversary of theMontreal Protocol, Conferred “The MontrealProtocol Exemplary Project Recognition” tothe ‘Ozone Cell of India’ for its contributionto the Exemplary Project “Foam SectorUmbrella Project for Conservation to CFC-Free Technology”. In addition to this,‘Ecological Refrigeration (ECOFRIG)’,‘Human and Institutional Development in

Ecology Refrigeration (HIDECOR)’ and‘National CFC Consumption Phase-out Plan(NCCoPP)’ and two Industries viz. ‘M/s.Kirloskar Copeland Ltd.’ And ‘M/s. SatyaDeeptha Pharmaceuticals’ also got theMontreal Protocol Exemplary ProjectRecognition Award.

– “The Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award,2008” was conferred to Dr.A. Duraisamy,Director, Ozone Cell in recognition of hisexceptional contribution to globalenvironmental protection and for leadershipin Ozone Layer protection by United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency,Washington, DC.

Awareness Activities

– The UN General Assembly on 23rd January,1995 adopted a resolution 49/114 which

Fig-48. Hon’ble MoS (I/C) for Environment and Forests delivering his speech on the occasion ofInternational Ozone Day, 2009.

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proclaims 16th September as theInternational Day for the Preservation of theOzone Layer, to commemorate the signingof the Montreal Protocol on Substances thatDeplete the Ozone Layer which was signedon 16th September, 1987. The InternationalDay for the Preservation of the Ozone Layeris celebrated at national and state levelssince 1995.

– The Fifteenth International Day for thePreservation of the Ozone Layer wascelebrated in Delhi on 16th September,2009. The theme of this year’s InternationalOzone Day was “Universal participation :Ozone protection unifies the world”. ShriJairam Ramesh, Hon’ble Minister of Statefor Environment and Forests (IndependentCharge) was the Chief Guest. Around fivehundred fifty school children, policy makers,teachnocrats a nd government officialsattended the function.

– On this occasion poster, painting, skitcompetitions were organized among schoolchildren. Prizes for the best three in eachcompetition were given. The publication“Montreal Protocol: India’s Success Story”was released and distributed to theparticipants on this occasion.

Achievements

– India has met the following compliancetargets as per the control schedule of theMontreal Protocol:-

– Freeze of CFC production andconsumption in July, 1999 at 22588 ODPtons and 6681 ODP tons respectively.

– Freeze of Halon production andconsumption on January 1, 2002.

– Total phase-out of Halon productionin 2003.

– Phase-out of 85% production andconsumption of CTC as on January1, 2005.

– Accelerated phase-out of production ofCFCs w.e.f August 1, 2008, seventeenmonths earlier than the phase-out scheduleof the Montreal Protocol .

– Phase-out of consumption of CFCs in allapplications as on January 1, 2010except in manufacturing of Metered DoseInhalers (MDIs) for Asthma and ChronicObstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)patients.

– The Ex-Com of the MLF had approved atotal of two hundred ninty nine projectsinvolving MLF funding of about US $349million for phasing out 25000 ODP tonsof production and 23000 ODP tons ofconsumption of ODS.

– In 2009 during 57th to 59th meeting ofthe Ex-Com of the MLF, US$ 12.1 millionwere approved for implementation of2009 Annual Work Plan of CTC Phase-out Plan for the consumption andproduction sectors and accelerated CFCproduction Phase-out.

– Training, workshops were organized forservice technicians on good servicingpractices and retrofitting of CFC basedrefrigeration appliances to non-CFCs. Thetechnicians were drawn from both formaland informal sectors. More than 10,000technicians have been trained under theNational CFC Consumption Phase-out Plan(NCCoPP).

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– The equipment support has been providedto the trained technicians under NCCoPPto use good servicing practices in the fieldwhich has resulted in reduction of use ofCFCs in servicing sector.

– Reclamation units have been provided ata number of places and organizationsincluding Indian Railways to recover,reclaim and reuse the CFCs.

– In 29th meeting of the OEWG, the Indiaproposed that Indian producers can producepharmaceutical-grade CFCs formanufacturing of MDIs used by Asthma andCOPD patients for EUN to meet its ownrequirements as well as for other to meetthe basic domestic needs of other Article5 Parties and submitted Conference RoomPaper (CRP) on EUN and campaignproduction. The OEWG forwarded insquare brackets a draft decision preparedby the Contact Group based on the India’sCRP to the 21st MOP.

– The Chairman of the 58th Ex-Com formeda Contact Group to discuss the various issuesrelated to cost consideration for financingthe HCFC phased-out in Article 5 Parties.India played a vital role in the deliberationsduring the Contact Group and expressedwillingness to accept the cut-off date, 16th

September 2007, the date of decision XIX/6 (accelerated phased-out of HCFCs) whichwas emerging as consensus. India also madea proposal for a comprehensive analysis todevelop policies to define eligibleincremental costs for HCFC phase-out.

– The 21st MOP to the Montreal Protocol onSubstances that Deplete the Ozone Layerwas held in Port Ghalib, Egypt fromNovember 4 to 8, 2009. The Indian

delegation was represented by Dr. B.P.Nilratna, Joint Secretary, MoEF and Dr. A.Duraisamy, Director, Ozone Cell, MoEF.An Amemdment was proposed by a numberof Member Countries including USA andCanada to bring Phase-down of HFCs underthe ambit of a Montreal Protocol. India wasnot in favour of this Amendment as itadversely affects the Indian Industries. Indiandelegation during the 21st MOP madetireless effort to oppose the proposedAmendment.

– India made a very comprehensive wellstructured intervention and raised legal,policy and technical issues against theproposed amendment of bring HFCs underthe ambit of the Montreal Protocol. Mostof the Parties especially the Article 5Parties referred the intervention made byIndia while making the interventions.Finally, the amendment to the MontrealProtocol was not agreed in the 21st MOP.

– The draft decision based on India’s CRPin 29th OEWG was discussed in detailat the 21st MOP in a Contact Group.India played a very vital role on behalfof all the Article 5 MDI manufacturingParties during the discussion. Based onthe interventions made by the Indiandelegation the Contract Grouprecommended a draft decision which hasa number of elements including reviewof Production Sector Agreements of Indiaand China with the Ex-Com to allow thesetwo countries to produce pharmaceuticalgrade CFCs for manufacturing of MDIsin their own countries as well for exportCFCs to other MDI manufacturingcountries.

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– India has been elected as the Member ofthe Ex-Com for the year 2010 and willhave China, Malaysia and Indonesia as itsCo-opted Members..

– The following workshops were conductedduring this year:

– A workshop on ODS Phase-out in DefenceApplications was held on 29th April,2009 at New Delhi.

– Sectoral Working Groups Meeting forpreparation of HCFC Phase-outManagement Plan (HPMP) in India washeld on 24th and 25th September, 2009in New Delhi. The Meeting was very wellattended by the stakeholders fromIndustry, Industry Associations Research

Organizations, NGOs and concernedGovernment Organizations. The WorkingGroups especially the Refrigeration andAir-conditioning Manufacturing, Foammanufacturing discussed the variousstrategies to implement the Road Map forphasing-out the HCFCs in India.

– One Day National Awareness Workshopon “CFC MDI Phase-out TransitionStrategy Implementation and Adoption ofCFC free Alternatives in India” was heldon 5th October, 2009 in New Delhi.

– Launching of Roadmap for Phase-out ofHCFCs in India was held on 6th October,2009 in New Delhi. On this occasion,Shri Jairam Ramesh, Hon’ble Minister of

Fig-49. Launching of Roadmap for HCFC Phase-out in India

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State for Environment and Forests (IC)released the Roadmap for Phase-out ofHCFCs in India.

– The objective of the Roadmap is to phaseout Production and Consumption of HCFCsin various applications as per the reductiontargets of the Montreal Protocol in a wellcoordinated manner without anycommercial and financial dislocations inthe country.

– Open Type compressor (OTC) workshopon good practices & servicing were heldin different states of India.

– National Academy of Customs Narcoticsand Drugs (NACEN) and Ozone Cellorganized training programme for customsofficers as part of Policy and Customstraining project in the RTIs of NACEN.

Regulatory Measures

– The Ozone Depleting Substances(Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 underthe Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 hasbeen notified in the Gazette of India on July19, 2000. These Rules set the deadlinesfor phasing out of various ODS, besides

regulating production, consumption, trade,import and export of ODS and the productscontaining ODS. The ODS Rules wereamended in 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005 and2007 to facilitate implementation of ODSphase-out by the enterprises in various sectors.

– These Rules prohibit the use of CFCs inmanufacturing various products beyondJanuary 1, 2003 except in MDI and othermedical purposes. Other ODS such as CTC,halon, methyl chloroform will be used uptoJanuary 1, 2010. Further, the use of methylbromide has been allowed upto January 1,2015. Since HCFCs are used as interimsubstitute to replace CFCs, these would beallowed upto January 1, 2030.

– The latest amendment to the rules, havedefined feedstock use of ODS and extendedthe date of registration for enterprises usingODS.

Fiscal Measures

– Customs and Excise duty exemption havebeen extended for MLF assisted ODS phase-out projects or expansion of capacity withnon-ODS technology during the financialyear 2009-2010.

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CHAPTER – 14

ADMINISTRATION ANDCIVIL CONSTRUCTION

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Personnel Administration

Staff Position

The staff strength of the Ministryincluding NAEB, NRCD is eight hundredseventy four. The details of the posts are givenin Table-30.

function as a separate, distinct, centralizedand confidential unit for the purpose ofrecruitment (through Direct Recruitment/Deputation) as well as promotion under FCS(Flexible Complementing Scheme) in the Group‘A’ Scientific Posts for the Ministry, its Regional

Table-30. Number of employees in various groups and with reservation position

Group of Post

Sanctioned Strength

Number in Position

Scheduled Caste

Scheduled Tribe

OBC Physically Handicapped

A 169 155 14 02 03 02 B 264 221 27 07 07 01 C 441 325 97 14 19 09 Total 874 701 138 23 29 12

The Ministry has outsourced someclerical jobs to tide over the shortage of thestaff during the year.Recruitment and Promotion of Scientists

Following the re-organisation of theScientific/Departments/Ministries during 1986and consequent de-linking of the Group ‘A’Scientific posts for the purview of the UPSCand introduction of Flexible ComplementingScheme (FCS), P-III Section was specificallyconceived and created in the Ministry to

Offices and all the attached/subordinateoffices having such posts in their organizations.

Review and Promotion under FCS

Under the Flexible ComplementingScheme (FCS), involving a two-tier system ofevaluation for review/assessment of theScientists for their promotion, the screenings/interviews of Scientists, conducted during thecurrent year are given Table-31.

Organization Scientists considered for screening

No. of Scientists screened in for interview

No. of scientists successful in the interview

Ministry Proper 03 03 03 Botanical Survey of India 08 06 06 National Museum of Natural History

03 03 03

National River Conservation Directorate

01 0 0

Zoological Survey of India 07 05 01

Table-31. Review and assessment of scientists for promotion

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Recruitment

During the current year, nine posts ofScientist ‘C’ in Botanical Survey of India werefilled by Direct Recruitment.

In addition to the above, the processto fill up the eleven posts of Scientist ‘C’, twoposts of Scientist ‘D’ and one post of Scientist‘E’ in Ministry Proper including RegionalOffices, eleven posts of Scientist ‘C’ in Bo-tanical Survey of India, three posts of Scientist‘B’ and one post of Scientist ‘D’ in NationalMuseum of Natural History, one post ofScientist ‘C’ in National River ConservationDirectorate and two posts of Scientist ‘C’ inDirectorate of Forest Education is underway.

General Administration

The General Administration (GA)Division of the Ministry is entrusted with theresponsibility of procurement of stationery,stores and equipment for functioning of theMinistry and providing essential services tothe personnel of the Ministry includingtransport, communication, general upkeep etc.Some of the major initiative/activities of theDivision during the year are (i) implementationof the process of requisition and issue ofstationery and stores through the MaterialRequisition Information System (e-poorty)development by the NIC; (ii) renovation of the5th Floor B2 wing of Preyavaran Bhawan,which was devastated in a fire in April, 2009.The office space measuring about 4000 sq.ft. has since been renovated through the CPWDas an open office system with modern facilities;(iii) the Ministry has acquired about 9000 sq.mtr. of land at Aliganj, Jorbagh Road, NewDelhi for construction of its own office building.The Ministry has decided to adopt sustainableenergy efficient environment friendly green

building technology which will serve as amodel for others to emulate not only withinthe country but also in the other parts of theworld. The Division is working in tandem withvarious agencies involved in the project tocomplete the building as early as possible.

Indian Forest Service (IFS) CadreManagement DivisionMandate

– The Indian Forest Service (IFS) CadreManagement Division is enjoined upon tohandle the business of the Ministry as theCadre Controlling Authority for the IndianForest Service (one of the three All IndiaServices).

– The total authorized cadre strength of theIndian Forest Service as on 1.10.2009 isthree thousand seven which includes twothousand ninty six Direct Recruit and ninehundred eleven Promotion posts. The TotalSenior Duty Posts (SDP) in the Indian ForestService are one thousand eight hundred thiryfour and the remaining under variousreserves. Besides serving the thiry one ForestDepartments in the States and UnionTerritories managing the country’s naturalresources, a good number of them work invarious Ministries and institutions both inthe State and Central Government.

Main activities of the IFS Cadre Managementare :

– Determination of vacancies and framing ofrules for Direct Recruitment and allocationof cadres to IFS probationers.

– Determination of vacancies for indction ofState Forest Service Officersby promotioninto Indian Forest Service, coordination ofSelection Committee Meeting, Promotionand Determination of Seniority.

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– Cadre Review for revision of compositionand strength of IFS in various cadres.

– Selection/appointment of IFS officers tovarious posts under the Central StaffingScheme of the Ministry and to variousautonomous bodies including Indian Councilof Forestry Research & Education, Dehradun;Indian Institue of Forest Managem,ent,Bhopal and Wildlife Institute of India,Dehradun.

– Facilitation of Selection/Appointment of IFSofficers against the Central Staffing Schemeof the Department of Personnel & Training(DoPT).

– Finalisation of various service matters likeinter-cadre transfers, inter-cadre deputations,cadre clearance for placements/trainingsand post retirement benefits to the officers.

– Management of AGMUT cadre includingpromotions, transfers, postings and otherservice matters.

Progress/Achievements during the year

– The IFS Cadre Management Division of theMinistry deals with the broad items of workrelating to the Indian Forest Service.

– Direct Recruitment to the Indian ForestService.

– Allocation of IFS Probationers to variousState cadres.

– Up-to-date Civil List of IFS officers is availableon the website of this Ministry atwww.ifs.nic.in besides, vacancy circulars,training programme circulars, Rules andRegulations concerning IFS, ACR availabilitystatus of IFS officers are also hosted on thissite for the benefit of the members of the

Service. Each and every member of Servicehas been provided facility to have his uniquee-mail account through NIC on this site andmembers of Service have been providedfacility to update the date relating to theirposting details online for periodicalupgradation.

– Eighty four Direct Recruit officer on the basisof IFS Examination, two thousand eight wereinducted into the Service.

– Thirty six State Forest Service officers wereinducted into the Indian Forest Service underIFS (Appointment by Promotion) Regulations,during the year 2008-09.

– About thirty seven IFS officers joined at variouslevels under the Central Staffing Scheme ofthe Ministry and about ten IFS officers joinedunder the Central Staffing Scheme of theDepartment of Personnel & Training

– Meeting of the Cadre Review Committeewere held to review the strength andcomposition of 11 cadres, namely AGMUT,Manipur-Tripura, Rajasthan, Nagaland,Uttarakhand, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh,tamil Nadu, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh andMaharashtra.

– Thirty-seven Court Cases pending in variousCourts across the Country were liquidated.Around two hundred fifty Court cases relatingto the issues of IFS Cadre are pending invarious Tribunals/Courts all over theCountry.

– For the first time, on line system for fillingup of the deputational posts under CSSintroduced.

– Scanning of the ACRs of almost one thousandeight hundred (out of two thousand eighthundred twenty six) officers was completed

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and maintained in electronic form alongwith hard copies.

Vigilance

The Vigilance Division is responsiblefor all vigilance/disciplinary matters relatingto the Indian Forest Service officers both inthe Ministry including its attached andsubordinate offices, autonomousorganizations/PSUs & IFS officers posted inthe State Governments. The Vigilance Divisionfunctions under the direct control of JointSecretary & Central Vigilance Officer (CVO)and overall supervision of Secretary,Environment & Forests.

The Vigilance Division is responsiblefor examination and processing of DisciplinaryCases, Appeals, Reviews and Memorials ofIndian Forest Service Officers of all States/Union Territories, Investigation of Complaints,Obtaining & Maintenance of AnnualImmovable Property Returns etc. Cases filedin various Benches of Central AdministrativeTribunal and Courts in India in connectionwith the disciplinary matters are also handledin Vigilance Division. The prosecution caseslaunched against IFS Officers by variousStates/Union Territories and also otherOfficers/Staff of the Ministry are also dealtwith in Vigilance Division.

The Division requires frequentconsultation with the Central Bureau ofInvestigation, Central Vigilance Commission,Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) andDepartment of Personnel and Training (DOPT)as per rules and procedures laid down on thematter.

During the year, thirty one DisciplinaryProceedings cases, seventeen Appeal cases

and seven Prosecution cases were processedin the Vigilance Division. Of these, threeDisciplinary cases, eight Appeal cases andtwo Prosecution cases were finally disposedof. Court cases were pursued in the respectivecourt/CAT Bench. Out of thirty six complaintsreceived through CVC, eight complaints werefinally disposed of after obtaining andconsidering the investigation reports. Othercomplaints are at various stages ofinvestigation/examination. Twenty threecomplaints received from other sources werealso closed during the year. Applicationsreceived under RTI Act were also processedand replies sent to the applicants. The progresson the disposal of DP, Appeal, Prosecution,Court cases and RTI cases as well ascomplaints is reviewed by JS&CVO from timeto time.

About two hundred eighty sevenAnnual Property Returns as on 01.01.2009were received from Group ‘A’ & ‘B’ officersof the Ministry as well as organisations underit, of which one hundred eighty two APRswere scrutinised till the end of December,2009.

Based on the sensitive posts alreadyidentified in the Ministry, rotational transfersof officers and staff who have put in threeyears or more in a sensitive post, are made.Sensitive posts have also been identified invarious field organisations and rotationaltransfer from sensitive posts are effected inthese organisations as and when required.

Vigilance Awareness Week wasobserved in the Ministry during the periodfrom 3rd November, 2009 to 7th November,2009 and a pledge was administered bySecretary (E&F) to the officers & staff to

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bring about integrity and transparency inall spheres of activities and to workunstintingly for eradication of corruption inall spheres of life.

Monthly Report on the cases relatingto prosecution sanctions, disciplinaryproceedings, complaints etc. was regularlysent to the CVC during the year.

Parliament

Introduction

The Parliament Division in the Ministryis responsible for co-ordination of all parliamentmatters related to the Ministry.


During the current year, a total numberof seven hundred fifty one Parliament Questionspertaining to various aspects were answeredby the Ministry (four hundred nine questionsin the Lok Sabha, forty five starred and threehundred sixty four unstarred and three hundredforty two questions in the Rajya Sabha, thirtythree starred and three hundred nineunstarred). The questions covered a wide rangeof issues with which the Ministry is concerned,prominent among them being a wider rangeof issues with the Ministry is concerned suchas Wildlife Management, Pollution, ForestConservation, Freshwater & MarineConservation, EIA, Climate Change &Meteorology & Environmental Conservationetc.

The report on the Parliament Questionsreplied during the year 2009 by the MoEFand other Ministries is under process and willbe published shortly by ENVIS Centre. Thepresent report serves as a helpful source of

document for policy makers, academiciansand researchers interested in Parliamentarystudies as well as for those, who are keento bring environmental issues to the forefrontof Government policies.

The graphical presentation of theParliament Questions replied to by the MoEFduring 2009-10 both in Lok Sabha and RajyaSabha in various sessions are given inFig.-50 and Fig.-51.

During the year 2009-10 one meetingof the Consultative Committee of Members ofParliament attached to the Ministry was heldon the subject Copenhagen Accord. Themeetings of the Department relatedParliamentary Standing Committee of Scienceand Technology, Environment and Forests ofthe Members of the Parliament were held ondifferent subjects on different occasions.

Internal Work Study Unit (IWSU)

Activities relating to internal workstudy are coordinated by Internal WorkStudy (IWS) Unit of the Ministry. This is toensure timely action by various sections onproper record management and strictcompliance of various provisions of themanual of office procedure.

Progress/ Achievements made during the year

– During the year, one thousand five hundredeleven files were sent for review fromDepartmental Record Room (DRR) and threethousand two hundred eighty eight filesreceived in DRR for retention.

– In order to have a quick retrieval systemand an accurate and permanent data base,the computerization of all the files in the

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DRR has been completed throughdevelopment of software. This is very helpfulin monitoring the record management in theMinistry. So far, the DRR has completedcomputerization of more than twenty onethousand files.

– One thousand three hundred eleven recordedfiles of category ‘B’ or files live for twenty

five years or more have beenidentified for appraisal to bedone by National Archives ofIndia (NAI), New Delhi.

– Work MeasurementStudy of scientific and non-scientific posts in the Ministryincluding NAEB and NRCD,by the Work MeasurementCommittee with a core-member from Staff InspectionUnit (SIU), Department ofExpenditure, is under process.

– O&M inspections of theorganizations under theMinistry and Sections/Divisionsof the Ministry is beingcompleted.

– Records RetentionSchedule for substantivefunctions of the Ministry hasbeen prepared and forwardedto National Archives of Indiafor their vetting.

– Review of ‘Channel ofSubmission and Level of FinalDisposal of Case’ for theMinistry has been completed

and is available on the Ministry’s website.

Information Technology and e-Governance

The Government has recognizedInformation Technology (IT) as a majorimportant tool for speedy implementation andmonitoring of various schemes and decisionsin public interest. Accordingly, Ministry has

Fig-50. Number of questions replied to by the Ministry in Lok Sabhaduring 2009-2010

Fig-51. Number of questions replied to by the Ministry in Rajya Sahaduring 2009-2010

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embarked on a comprehensive exercise toimplement an e-Governance project titled‘ENVISION’ with the objective of transformingthe functioning of the Ministry and its constituentorganizations, and also to transform the waythe Ministry serves its various stakeholders.

e-Governance project of MoEF calledENVISION is “to apply the principles of goodgovernance – transparency, rationality,accountability, reduction in time and costs,ease and convenience of citizens andbusinesses in accessing the information andservices provided by the Ministry throughdifferent channels e.g. internet.

It seeks to render services to its variousstakeholders with accurate, timely and reliableinformation and develop a more friendly andhospitable interface with public.

Project is to be implemented in three Stages:

– Stage 1 (Conceptualization) includesdevelopment of vision and objectives,determine scope of transformation envisagedand selection of a suitable consultant througha competitive bidding process. NationalInstitute for Smart Government (NISG) wasengaged for preparing the Request forProposal (RFP) which led to the engagementof Stage 2 consultants for the Business ProcessReengineering (BPR) exercise as well asimplementation of Proof of Concept (PoC)for the identified processes.

– Stage 2 (Project Development) M/sPricewaterhouseCopers Pvt. Ltd. (PwC)engaged as Stage 2 consultants undertookdetailed study of the ‘AS-IS’ processes andhas designed the ‘TO-BE’ processes underthe domain of BPR exercise for regulatory,

functional and promotional activities leadingto ease access to information through awebsite ensuring paperless office. Tocorroborate soundness of the concept,selected processes will be taken up for Proofof Concept (PoC) implementation.

– Stage 3 (System Integration and ProjectImplementation) The Ministry invitedExpression of Interest (EOI) from the SystemIntegrators to implement and maintainENVISION solution based on thequalification criteria for submission of suchproposals and shot-listed sevenorganizations.


– Request for Proposal for Stage 3 consultantwas reviewed and circulated to the short-listed firms. The Pre-Bid meeting wasorganized and the minutes of the meetingwas circulated for submission of Techno-commercial bids. After the receipt ofTechnical and Financial Bids, evaluation oftechnical bids was held and financial bidsof the technically qualified bidders wereopened.

– Implementation of Proof-of-Concept for Leave,GPF, Environmental Clearance and WetlandScheme has been completed and thesoftware applications have beendemonstrated to the concerned Divisions.

– The IT infrastructure at the Ministry, BSI,Kolkata, ZSI, Kolkata and Andaman &Nicobar Forest Plantations andDevelopment Corporation, Port Blair wasstrengthened.

– Based on the Training Needs Analysis, theMinistry had developed a comprehensiveproposal for training of over five thousand

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employees in both IT and Non-IT domains.The Request for Proposal was circulatedand the pre-bid meeting was organised.The Technical and Financial bids werereceived and agency was finalized afterthe due evaluation processes. The ITtraining was provided to about onethousand officers and staff of the Ministryand the attached offices.

– Proposal for selection of agency forScanning Digitisation of Old ArchivalDocuments at Botanical Survey of India,Kolkata have been finalized. The agencywas selected through Tendering process andthe work of scanning digitization started.

– Proposal for selection of agencyPhotographic digitization of Textile Designs,Natural Dyes and Illustrations in the oldarchival documents at Botanical Survey ofIndia, Kolkata have been finalized. Theagency was selected through Tenderingprocess and approval in the Ministry areunder process.

– Process for establishment of ProgrammeMonitoring Unit (PMU) initiated and theroom has been renovated.

– For scanning and digitization of records inthe Ministry, the Tender document waspublished. The Techno-commercial bids werereceived and the evaluation of technicalbids is under process. The IT infrastructureincluding servers and storage systemprocured and installed.

– The re-structuring and re-designing of thewebsite of the Ministry have been completed.

RTI Cell

Activities relating to implementation of

RTI Act, 2005 are coordinated by RTI Cellof the Ministry.

Progress/ Achievements made during the year

– The Ministry has received nine hundredtwelve RTI applications and eighty twoappeals under RTI Act, 2005 (fromJan.,2009 to 31st Oct.,2009).

– For effective implementation of RTI Act,2005, Central Public Information Officers(CPIOs) and Appellate Authorities (AAs)have been designated. The notificationdesignating CPIOs/AAs is revisedperiodically as and when there is changein allocation work of CPIOs/AAs.

– A workshop on effective implementation/understanding of RTI Act, 2005 wasorganized on 11th November, 2009 for thestaff and officers up to the level of JointDirector in the Ministry.

– Decisions of Central Information Commission(CIC) and DoPT, relevant to this Ministryare being circulated to the CPIOs/AAs forbetter understanding.

– All the Subordinate Offices / Institutions /Autonomous bodies have been requestedto periodically revise the notification forCPIOs/AAs.

– Reports being sent regularly to DoPT andCentral Information Commission.

Protocol Unit

– Providing comprehensive protocolarrangements for Minister of Environmentand Forests, Secretary, Special Secretaryand Director General of Forests and Special

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Secretary and Director General of Forestsand Special Secretary (DGF&SS);

– Obtained one hundred forty five visas ofsenior officers within given time frame;

– Arranged more than five hundred ninety eightdomestic/international air tickets for officersof the Ministry.

Public Grievance Cell

A Grievance Cell has been functioningin the Ministry to attend to the complaints ofpublic regarding forestry, environmental mattersetc. Joint Secretary (Admin.) has beennominated as Public Grievance Officer of theMinistry.

The particulars of the Public Grievance Officerof the Ministry are as under:

Joint Secretary (Admin.)Room No.440, (4th Floor),Paryavaran Bhawan, CGO Complex,Lodi Road, New Delhi – 110 003Tel.: 011-24361774.e-mail: [email protected]

The general public can meet the PublicGrievance Officer every Wednesday from10.00 AM to 1.00 PM. The main functionof the Cell is to ensure timely redressal ofpublic grievances by taking up the matterwith the concerned authorities such as DistrictMagistrates, Municipal Corporations,Pol lut ion Control Boards, StateGovernments, etc. Most of the complaintsrelated to:

– Unauthorised industries located in residentialareas discharging harmful gases andhazardous effluents in the immediateneighbourhood.

– Environmental degradation due tomismanagement of civic amenities likelocation of waste dump, water logging etc.

– Poor maintenance of open areas and parks;and

– Commercial establishments operatingillegally in the residential buildings causingnuisance to people living in the immediatevicinity.

– Non-settlement of payment of salary duesand retirement dues, benefits like pensionetc. to staff.

– During the year, one hundred grievanceswere received from the general public andstaff.

The Public Grievance cases are thusmonitored regularly at specified time intervalsin MoEF and the replies are sent to thecomplainants as early as possible. Once thefinal replies are sent, the petition is treatedas closed and the same is indicated in thestatements prepared in respect of PublicGrievances.

The staff of various divisions/sectionshave been trained by holding one day videoconferencing at Paryavaran Bhavan with theassistance of Directorate of AdministrativeReform & Public Grievances (DARPG)officials to dispose off the complaints onlinethrough Centralised Public Grievance RedressAnd Monitoring System (CPGRAMS). To runthe Public Grievances portal (PGRAMS), theIDs have been provided to the concernedSections/Divisions in the Ministry for quickdisposal of grievances/monitoring andissuing reminders online.

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Implementation of OfficialLanguage Policy

Introduction

Sustained efforts were made to ensureproper compliance of the Official LanguagePolicy of the Union, as envisaged in theConstitution of India, the Official LanguagesAct, the Official Languages Rules, the AnnualProgramme and orders issued from time totime.

All documents coming under thepurview of Sec. 3(3) of the OfficialLanguages Act were issued in Hindi andEnglish bilingual form. The letters receivedin Hindi and representations/ appeals signedin Hindi were replied to in Hindi ensuring100% compliance of the Rule 5 7(2) of theO.L. Rules.


Official Language Implementation Committee

Meetings of Official LanguageImplementation Committee were organisedwith a view to review the status ofimplementation of Official Language Policy inthe Divisions of the Ministry.

Hindi Workshop

Hindi workshops were organised forthe officers and staff to carry out their dayto day transaction in Hindi.

Incentive Schemes

Aimed at encouraging and motivatingthe employees to increase the use of Hindi,incentive schemes were implemented in theMinistry.

Publication of Hindi Magazine “Paryavaran”

The special issue of “Paryavaran”magazine on medicinal plants was broughtout.

Inspections

High Power Committee of Parliamenton Official Language inspected BotanicalSurvey of India, Allahabad, NationalAfforestation & Eco-Development Board, NewDelhi and Wild life Crime Control Bureau,Mumbai. In addition to these inspections,twelve Attached/Subordinate Offices werealso inspected by Joint Secretary/Director (OL)to review the position of implementing OfficialLanguage Policy of the Union.

Hindi Fortnight

During the Hindi Fortnight variouscompetitions were organized. The employeesof the Ministry, NAEB and NRCD participatedin these competitions. The winners werehonoured with Cash Prizes and CommendationCertificates.

Civil Construction Unit (CCU)

The Civil Construction Unit (CCU) wasestablished in March, 1987. This Unitundertakes construction works for all theattached and subordinate offices of theMinistry such as BSI, ZSI, FSI, NMNH,IGNFA and autonomous bodies like IIFM,IPIRTI, WII, ICFRE and GBPIHED. The CCUhas constructed a number of office buildings,laboratories, museums and residentialaccommodation at various places such asAlmora, Dehradun, Bhopal, Delhi,Bengaluru, Jabalpur, Coimbatore andHyderabad.

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There are three divisions looking afterconstruction activities throughout India. Twodivisions are located at Delhi for works inNorthern Region and the third division islocated at Bengaluru for works under SouthernRegion.

Civil construction works of the Ministryare executed by CPWD where CCU does nothave its own unit. CCU provides necessaryinputs for planning and coordinates worksbeing executed by CPWD. The managementof budget also rests with CCU.

Some of the important works completedby CCU during the year 2009-2010 are:

– Five faculty quarters for IIFM at Bhopal.

The sanctioned cost of the project isRs. 99.31 lakhs and the work has beencompleted in September, 2009.

– Five Type-IV quarters for WII at Dehradun.The sanctioned cost of the project isRs.59.71 lakhs. It has been completed inJune, 2009.

The construction work of museum andauditorium blocks for Rajiv Gandhi RegionalMuseum of Natural History at SawaiMadhopur is currently being executed by CCU.The sanctioned cost of the project is Rs.4100lakhs. The museum & auditorium blocks shallbe completed by December, 2010.

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CHAPTER – 15

PLAN COORDINATIONAND BUDGET

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Introduction

The Plan Coordination Division isresponsible for the coordination of all Planschemes and programmes of the Ministry inclose association with the PlanningCommission. This involves preparation,monitoring and review of Five Year Plans,Annual Plans and the Annual Action Plans ofthe Ministry. The Division also looks after themonitoring of progress reports and reportsunder the 20-Point Programme (Points XV itemNo.52 & 53).

XIth Five Year Plan (2007-2012)

Against an approved outlay of Rs.5945crores, the total expenditure of the Ministryduring the Xth Five Year Plan (2002-07)amounted to Rs.5115 crores. For the XIth FiveYear Plan, 2007-12, the Ministry has beenprovided with an outlay of Rs.10,000 crores.A Mid Term Appraisal of Ministry’s XIth FiveYear Plan was carried out by the Planning

Commission during the year. The Annual plan2007-08, first year of the XIth Plan had anapproved outlay of Rs.1351 crores againstwhich the actual utilization amounted toRs.1349.73 crores. The Annual Plan 2008-09, second year of the XIth Plan had anapproved outlay of Rs.1500.00 crores againstwhich the actual utilization amounted toRs.1483.02 crores. For 2009-10, theapproved outlay of the Ministry wasRs.1880.00 crores which has now beenreduced to Rs 1650.00 crores in RE stage,against which an amount of Rs 1428.72crores has been utilized till February, 2010.Sector-wise details are given in Table-32.

The progress of plan schemes arereviewed regularly in the Ministry andnecessary corrective action is taken to ensureproper and meaningful deployment ofresources with a view to build up thecapacities of the State Governments in Forestryand Environment Sector, for the programmatic

Table-32. Xth Plan Expenditure, XIth Plan Outlays / Expenditure – Ministry of Environment andForests

(Rs. crore)

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Sector Xth Plan XIth Plan 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

Outlay Exp. Outlay Outlay Exp. Outlay Exp. Outlay Outlay (RE)

Exp. (28.02.2010)

1 Environment 1200.00 918.83 1246.01 259.16 224.22 255.00 240.42 291.42 265.76 187.80 2 National

River Conservation Directorate

1670.00 1543.69 2540.00 340.00 320.94 326.71 326.12 577.33 428.28 396.44

3 Forestry & Wildlife

1600.00 1283.55 2943.99 371.61 361.73 521.08 520.87 599.63 574.29 506.83

4 National Afforestation and Eco-development Board

1300.00 1293.40 3150.00 359.23 422.05 372.21 370.71 386.62 357.67 324.44

5 Animal Welfare

175.00 75.11 120.00 21.00 20.79 25.00 24.90 25.00 24.00 13.21

Total 5945.00 5114.58 10000.00 1351.00 1349.73 1500.00 1483.02 1880.00 1650.00 1428.72

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aspects and variegated Centrally Sponsoredand Central Sector Scheme.

Annual Plan 2010-11

An outlay of Rs.2200.00 crores hasbeen allocated for the Annual Plan 2010-11

of the Ministry. The approved outlay comprisesof Rs.1231.88 crores in Environment andEcology Sector and Rs.968.12 crore in theForestry and Wildlife Sector. Sector-wisedetails are given in Table-33.

Sl. No. Sector Outlay 2010-11 1 Environment 480.17 2 National River Conservation Directorate 751.71 3 Forestry & Wildlife 592.12 4 National Afforestation and Eco-development

Board 352.00

5 Animal Welfare 24.00 Total 2200.00

Table-33. Plan Outlay for 2010-11(Rs. crore)

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S.No. Name of the Organization/ Communication AreaInstitute Linkage

Regional Offices

1. Shri K.S Reddy, IFS Ph. No. 080-25635901 Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka,Chief Conservator of Forest (C), Fax No. 080-25537184 Kerala, Tamil Nadu, PuducherryMinistry of Environment and and LakshadweepForests, Regional Office (SZ),Kendriya Sadan, IVth FLOOR Floor,E&F Wings, 17th Main Road,Koramangala II Block,Bangalore-560034 (Karnataka)

2. Shri J.K. Tewari , Ph. No. 0674-2301213 Orissa, Andaman & Nicobar, Island,IFSChief Conservator of Forests (C), Fax No. 0674-2302432 Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal Ministry of Environment andForests, Regional Office (EZ), A/3,Chandersekharpur,Bhubaneshwar-751023

3. Shri A.K. Rana, IFS Ph. No. 0755-2466525 Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,Chief Conservator of Forests (C), Fax No. 0755-2463102 Maharashtra, Gujarat,Ministry of Environment and Dadra & Nagar Haveli,Forests, Regional Office (WZ), E-5, Daman & DiuKendriya Paryavaran Bhawan, E-5Arera Colony, Link Road-3,Ravishankar Nagar, Bhopal-462016

4. Shri B.N. Jha, IFS Ph. No. 0364-2227673 Arunachal Pradesh,Chief Conservator of Forests (C), Fax No. 0364-2227047 Assam, Manipur,Ministry of Environment and Meghalaya, Tripura, Nagaland,Forests, Regional Office (NEZ), Mizoram and SikkimUplands Road, Laitumkhrah,Shillong-793003

5. Shri Azam Zaidi, IFS Ph. No. 0522-2326696 Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand andChief Conservator of Forests (C), Fax No.0522-2326696 RajasthanMinistry of Environment and 0522-2323850Forests, Regional Office (CZ),Kendriya Bhawan, 5th Floor,Sector “H”, Aliganj,Lucknow-226020

6. Shri S.K. Sehrawat, IFS, Ph No. 0172-2638135 Haryana, Himachal Pradesh,Conservator of Forests (C), Fax No. 0172-2638061 Punjab, J&K, Chandigarh and DelhiMinistry of Environment andForests, Regional Office (NZ),Bays No. 24-25, Sector 31 A,Dakshin Marg, Chandigarh-160030

Annexure-II A

Regional Offices of the Ministry

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Annexure-II B

Regional Centres of National Afforestation andEco-development Board (NAEB)

Name & Address of Regional Centre

Regional Centre for NAEBAgriculture Finance Corporation Ltd.B-1/9, Community Centre, Janakpuri,New Delhi-110058

Regional Centre for NAEBAgriculture Finance Corporation Ltd.Dhanraj Mahal, Ist Floor, CSM Marg,Mumbai-400001

Regional Centre for NAEBNorth Eastern Hill University,Shillong – 793 014

Regional Centre for NAEBUniversity of Agricultural Sciences,GKVK Campus, Bengaluru-560065

Regional Centre for NAEBIndian Institute of Forest Management,Nehru Nagar, Post Box no. 357,Bhopal-462003

Regional Centre for NAEBDr. Y. S. Parmar University ofHorticulture and Forestry,Nauni, Solan-173230

Regional Centre for NAEBJadavpur University,Kolkata-700032

State/UTs covered as per MOU

Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh,Uttarakhand and UT of Delhi

Maharashtra, Gujarat, Goa and UTsof Daman & Diu, Dadar &Nagar Haveli

Arunachal Pradesh, Assam,Manipur, Meghalaya,Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura

Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala,Tamil Nadu and UTs of Puducherry andLakshadweep

Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh andOrissa

Himachal Pradesh, Jammu &Kashmir, Punjab and UT ofChandigarh

Bihar, Jharkhand, Sikkim, WestBengal and UT of Andaman & Nicobar Islands

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Annexure-II C

Centres of Excellence / Autonomous / Associated Agencies etc.of Ministry of Environment and Forests

Centres of Excellence

Centre for Environment Education (CEE),Nehru Foundation for Development, ThaltejTekra, Ahmedabad – 380 054

C.P.R Environmental Education Centre(CPREEC),1 A, Eldams Road,Chennai – 600 018, Tamil Nadu

Centre for Ecological Sciences (CES),Indian Institute of Science (IISc)Bengaluru – 560 012, Karnataka

Centre for Mining Environment (CME), IndianSchool of Mines,Dhanbad – 826 004, Jharkhand

Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and NaturalHistory (SACON), Kalayampalayam,Coimbatore – 641 010

Centre for Environmental Management ofDegraded Ecosystems (CEMDE),School of Environmental Studies,University of Delhi, Delhi – 110 007

Madras School of Economics (MSE),Gandhi Mandampam Road,Chennai – 600 025

Foundation for Revitalization ofLocal Health Traditions (FRLHT),50 MSH Layout, 2nd Stage,3rd Main,2nd Cross,Anand Nagar, Bengaluru – 560024

Tropical Botanic Garden andResearch Institute(TBGRI),Pacha Palode,Thiruvananthapuram – 695562, Kerala

Centre for Animals and Environment,CARTMAN, Koramangala, 6th Block,Bengaluru – 550 095, Karnataka

Autonomous Agenciesa) Environment Wing

Central Pollution Control Board,Parivesh Bhawan CBD-cum-Office Complex,East Arjun Nagar, Delhi - 110 032

Contact Details

Tel : 079-26858002-09, 26844745Fax : 91-079-26858010email: [email protected]

Tel : 044-24346526Fax : 91-44-24320756email: [email protected]

Tel:080-23600382, 23600985Fax:080-23602280, 23601428email: [email protected]

Tel : 0326-2296624, 2202486Fax : 0326-2296603, 2203042email:[email protected]

Tel: 0422-2657101-105, 2657086Fax : 0422 2657088email:[email protected]

Telefax: 011-27666237email : [email protected]

Telefax: 044-22352157, 22354847Fax. : 044-22352155, 22352155email: [email protected]@envis.nic.in

Tel.: 080-28565847, 8565890, 8565873Fax.: 080-28565895, 8565873email : [email protected]://envis.frlht.org.in

Tel : 0472 - 2869246Fax : 0472-2869646email: [email protected]

Tel.: 080-25530121, 25530304email: [email protected]

Tel : (011) 22308902, 22301932Fax: (011) 22307233, 22304948email: [email protected]

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Gobind Ballabh Pant Institute of HimalayanEnvironment and Development, Kosi -Katarmal,Almora - 263 643, Uttarakhand

b) Forest Wing

Indian Institute of ForestManagement, P.B. No. 357,Nehru Nagar, Bhopal - 462 003

Indian Plywood IndustriesResearch and Training Institute,P.B. No. 2273, Tumkur Road,Bengaluru - 560 022

Indian Council of ForestryResearch and EducationP.O. New ForestsDehradun - 248 006

Research Institutes

Forest Research InstituteP.O. New Forests,Dehradun - 248 006

Institute of Forest Geneticsand Tree Breeding,Forest College CampusP.B. No.1061, R.S. Puram H.P.O.Coimbatore - 641 002

Institute of WoodScience and Technology,18th Cross, Malleswaram,Bengaluru - 560 003

Arid Forest Research Institute,New Pali Road,Jodhpur – 342 005, Rajasthan

Tropical Forest Research InstituteP.O. RFRC, Mandla Road,Jabalpur - 482 021 Rajasthan

Rain Forest Research InstituteP.B. No. 136,Deovan Jorhat - 785 001, Assam

Himalayan Forests Research InstituteShimla - 171 009,Himachal Pradesh

Institute of Forest ProductivityRanchi - 834 001, Madhya Pradesh

Tel : (05962) 241014Fax : (05962) 241150email: [email protected]

Tel : (0755) 775716Fax: (0755)772878email:[email protected]

Tel : (080) 8394231, 8394232Fax : 91-80-8396361email: [email protected]

Tel : (0135)757021Fax: (0135)756865email: [email protected]

Tel : (0135) 755277Fax: (0135) 756865email : [email protected]

Tel : (0422) 431540, 435541Fax : (0422) 430549email: ifgcb@ sathyam.net.in

Tel : (080) 3341731Fax : (080) 3340529email:[email protected]

Tel: (0291)2722549Fax: (0291) 2722764email: [email protected]://www.afri.res.in

Tel : (0761) 322585Fax: (0761) 321759email: [email protected]

Tel : 0376-322052, 322054Fax: (0376) 322052email : [email protected]


Tel :(0651) 208234Fax: (0651) 208234email : [email protected]

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Centres

Centre for Social Forestry &Eco-rehabilitationAllahabad - 211 002, Uttar Pradesh

Centre for Forestry Research & HumanResource Development, Nagpur Road,Chhindwara-480001

Forest Research CentreF-105, 1st Floor, Sri Ranga TowersSardar Nagar, Safilguda,Hyderabad-500004

Advanced Centre for Bamboo and RattanP.B. No. 136, Deovan,Jorhat-785001, Assam

c) Wildlife Wing

Wildlife Institute of India,P.B. No. 18, Chandrabani,Dehradun - 248 001

Central Zoo AuthorityBikaner House, Annexe VIShahjahan Road , New Delhi - 110011

Subordinate Officesa)Environment Wing

Botanical Survey of IndiaCGO Complex, 3rd MSO Building,DF Block, Sector 1, Salt Lake City,Kolkata – 700 064

Zoological Survey of IndiaM-Block, New Alipur,Kolkata - 700 053

National Museum of Natural History,FICCI Building, Barakhamba Road,New Delhi - 110 001

Regional Centres of ZSI

The Officer In Charge,Zoological Survey of India,Eastern Regional Station,Fruit Garden,Risha Colony,Shillong-793003, Meghalaya.


Tel: (07162) 43237

email : [email protected]

email : [email protected]

Tel : (0135) 640112-115Fax:(0135) 640117email: [email protected]

Tel : 011-23381585Fax : 011-23386012email : [email protected]://envfor.nic.in/cza

Tel : 033-23346040/4963Fax : 033-23215631email : [email protected]

Tel : (033) 24006893, 24003383Fax : (033) 24006893email: [email protected]

Tel : (011) 3314932Fax : (011) 3314932http://www.nmnh.org

Tel.:0364-223638, 226495Fax:0364-226495

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The Officer In Charge,Zoological Survey of India,Western Regional Station,Vidya Nagar, Sector 29,PB No. 3053, PCNTDA Post,Near Akurdi Rly, Station,Pune-411044, Maharashtra.

The Officer In Charge,Zoological Survey of India,Northern Regional Station,218 Kaulagarh Road,P.O : IPE, Dehradun-248195, U. P.

The Officer In Charge,Zoological Survey of India,Central Regional Station,424, New Adarsh Colony,Kamala Nehru Nagar,Jabalpur-482002, Madya Pradesh.

The Officer In Charge,Zoological Survey of India,Desert Regional Station,Pali Road, Jhalamand,Jodhpur-342001, Rajasthan.

The Officer In Charge,Zoological Survey of India,Southern Regional Station,100, Santhome High Road,Chennai-600028, Tamil Nadu.

The Officer In Charge,Zoological Survey of India,Arunachal Pradesh Field Station,m,Senkhi Valley, Post Box No. 112,Itanagar-791113, Arunachal Pradesh.

The Officer In Charge,Zoological Survey of India,Gangetic Plains Regional Station,Handloom Bhawan(4thFL.),Rajendra Nagar, Patna-800016, Bihar.

The Officer In Charge,Zoological Survey of India,Marine Aquarium Cum Research Centre,Digha, District:Midnapore-741428,West Bengal.

Tel.:020-7652564, 7651927,5880054(R)Fax:020-7652564

Tel.:0135-758349, 758362(0/C),54939(O),758362Fax:0135- 671826

Tel.:0761-315592

Tel.:0291-750408

Tel. : 4942898, 4943255Fax. : 044-4942898

Tel. : 0360-203652,2203653(R)Fax : 0360-20652

Tel. : 670686, 350332

Tel. : 66310, 66311,66312, 66463(R)

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The Officer In Charge,Zoological Survey of India,High Altitude Zoology Field Station,Opposite Saproon Gurudwar,Saproon, Solan-173211

The Officer In Charge,Zoological Survey of India,Marine Biological Station,100, Santhome High Road,Chennai-600028, Tamil Nadu.

The Officer In Charge,Zoological Survey of India,Andaman and Nicobar Reg. Station,Port Blair-7441002, Andaman.

The Officer In Charge,Zoological Survey of India,Fresh Water Biological Station,1-1-300/B, Ashok Nagar,Hyderabad-500020, Andhra Pradesh.

The Officer In Charge,Zoological Survey of India,Sunderbans Field Reg. Station,Canning-743329,Dist: 24 Parganas(S), West Bengal.

The Officer In Charge,Zoological Survey of India,Estuarine Biological Station,Hill Patna, Behrampur-760005, Orissa.

The Officer In Charge,Zoological Survey of India,Western Ghats, Field Res. Stn.,Kamala Buildings, Ist Floor,Annie Hall Road,Kozikode-673002, Kerala.

Regional Centres of BSI

Botanical Survey of IndiaIndia, Central Circle, 10, Chatham Lines,Allahabad- 211002, Uttar Pradesh.

Botanical Survey of IndiaNorthern Circle, 192 , Kaulgarh Road, DehraDun- 248195 , Uttarakhand

Tel. : 01792-20413, 24483,09816024105(Mobile) 23174(R)Fax : 01792-21060

Tel. : 4942680, 4943191,4450853(R)Fax : 044-4942680

Tel. : 03192-3314830115(R),33157(R),Fax : 03192-30115

Tel. : 040-7603514,4800620(R)Fax : 040-7634662

Tel. : 9118-5521(Local Call From Calcutta),033-4550651Fax : 03128-55211

Tel. : 0680-206894,202676(R)Fax : 0680-200637

Tel. : 0495-357884(R)Telefax : 0495-701928

TeleFax: 0532 2250179Phone : 0532 2441192Fax: 0135-2757951

Phone: 0135-2753433Fax: 0291 2741736

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Botanical Survey of India775/80, Subhas Nagar,Khema Ka Kuan, P.O Nandavan,Jodhpur- 342008, Rajasthan

Botanical Survey of IndiaWestern Circle, 7,Koregaon Road, Pune- 411001,Maharashtra

Botanical Survey of IndiaSouthern Circle, T.N.A.U. Campurs,Lawlay Road, P.O. Coimbatore-641003,Tamil Nadu.

Botanical Survey of IndiaEastern Circle , Woodlands, Laithmukrta,Shillong – 793003

Botanical Survey of IndiaArunachal Field Station, Sankie View,Itanagar – 791111, Arunachal Pradesh

Botanical Survey of IndiaAndaman & Nicobar Circle,P.O. No. 692, Haddo, Port Blair-744102.

Botanical Survey of IndiaSikkim Himalayan Circle,Below Rajbhawan Campus,P.O. Rajbhawan,Gangtok – 737103, Sikkim

Botanical Survey of IndiaDecan Circle,Zoological Survey of India Campus,Plot No. 366/1, Attapur, Hyderguda post,Hyderabad - 500 048

b) Forest Wing

Forest Survey of India,Kaulagarh Road, P.O. IPE,Dehradun-248195

Indira Gandhi National Forest AcademyP.O. New Forests,Dehradun - 248 006

Directorate of Forest EducationP.O. New Forest, Dehradun - 248 006, UP

Phone: 0291 2747163

Phone : 26122125Fax (020 26124139Fax: 0422 2432835

Phone: 2432788,2432487Fax: (0364 2224119

Phone : 0364 2223971, 2223618Fax: 0360 2211713

Phone: 0360 2212405Fax: 03192 230120

Phone: 03192 233224Fax: 03592 204717

Phone 202789

Tel:(0422) 2435987,M.: 098668849872

Tel:(0135) 756139, 755037Fax:(0135) 759104email: [email protected]

Tel : (0135)2754647Fax: (0135) 2757314email: [email protected]

Tel: (0135) 757326Fax : (0135) 757326

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Regional Offices of Forest Survey of India

Regional Director (Central Zone)Forest Survey of India, Central ZoneC.G.O. Complex, Block ‘A’,Seminary Hills, Nagpur-440006

Regional Director (Eastern Zone)Forest Survey of India, 97/1B,Hazra Road(2nd Floor), Kolkata – 700026

Regional Director (SZ)Forest Survey of India, 8th Floor, B-Wing,Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala,Bengaluru - 34

Regional Director (North Zone)Forest Survey of India, North Zone,Himlok Parisar, “Shivalik Khand”, BatsleyLongwood, Shimla - 171001,Himachal Pradesh

c) Wildlife Wing

Director,National Zoological Park,Mathura Road, New Delhi - 110 003

Regional Offices

Wildlife PreservationWestern Region, 11 Air Cargo ComplexSahar, Mumbai - 400 099

Wildlife PreservationEastern Region, Nizam Palace,6th Floor, M.S. Building,234/4, A.J.C. Bose Road,Kolkata - 700 020

Wildlife PreservationNorthern Region, Bikaner House,ShahjahanRoad, New Delhi - 110 011

Wildlife PreservationSouthern Region, C-2/A, Rajaji Bhawan,Basant Nagar, C.G.O. Complex,Chennai - 600 090

Public Sector Undertaking

Andaman & Nicobar Islands Forests andPlantation Development Corporation Ltd.Van Vikas Bhawan, Port Blair,Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Tel : 0172-2510194 (O),2511309 (R)email: [email protected]

Tel : 033-24752812 (O)24483377 (R), 9830054124 (M)Fax : 033-24752812email: [email protected]

Tel : 080-25520136Fax : 080-25520136email: [email protected]

Tel : 0177-2658285Fax : 0177-2655572

Tel : (011) 4619825Fax : (011) 4602408

Tel : (022) 8230666Fax: (022)8230666

Tel : (033) 2478698Fax : (033) 2478698

Tel : (011) 3384456Fax: (011) 3384456

Tel : (044) 4916747Fax: (044)4916747

Tel : (03192) 20261, 20752Fax : (03192) 21254

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Title of the Project

Development of Environmentally benign processtechnology for extraction of Natural Dye of North-Eastern Region

Phytoremediation of Saline soils by a NovelArbuscular Mycorrhiza- like Fungus for valueaddition and growth promotion of selectedmedicinal plants.

Phyto-remediation using mangrove species forsustainable water quality in Uppanar Esturary ofCuddalore district, TamilNadu –A novel approach.

Incubation Studies on the effect of soil andenvironmental parameters on formation andemission of nitrous oxide.

Study of pesticide pollution in Karnataka throughhoneybees and their products as bioindicators

Mono-and bi-metallic nanoparticles adsorbed onsolid support : A cost effective and efficient way fortreatment of industrial effluents and contaminatedsurface water

Treatment of petroleum refinery waste water insequencing batch reactor

Development of new pesticide delivery devices forremediation of Environmental pollution.

Impact assessment of continuous fertilization onheavy metals and microbial diversity in soils underlong term fertilizer experiment.

Development of technology for biodegradablenursery pots

Name of Principal Investigator &Institute

Dr. P.G. Rao,North-East Institute of Science& Technology,Jorhat-785006, Assam

Dr. Amit C. Kharkwal,Amity Institute of Microbial Technology,Amity University Uttar Pradesh,Sector-125, Expressway,Noida-201301

Dr. P. Mullai,Department of Technology,Annamalai University,Annamalai Nagar-608002, Tamil Nadu

Dr. Gautam Roy Chaudhury,Institute ofMinerals and Materials Technology,Bhubaneswar-751013, Orissa

Dr. V. Sivaram,Department of Botany,Bangalore University,Bangalore-560056, Karnataka

Dr. Praveen Kumar Tandon,Department ofChemistry, University ofAllahabad,Allahabad-211002, UttarPradesh (U.P)

Dr. Indra Deo Mall,Department ofChemical Engineering, IIT Roorkee,Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand

Dr. D.K. Sharma, Department ofChemistry, H.P. University, Summer Hill,Shimla-171005. Himachal Pradesh (H.P)

Dr. Tapan Adhikari,Indian Institute of SoilScience, Nabibagh, Berasia Road,Bhopal-462038

Dr. S P Agrawal,Director & Head,Organic Building, Material Division,Central building research institute,Roorkee-247667

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Annexure-IIILIST OF PROJECTS SANCTIONED DURING 2009-2010

Environment Research Programme (ERP)

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Utilization of ants as bio-indicators to monitorenvironmental pollution in spoils of coal mines andred mud dumps of Aluminum smelters.

Development of molecular markers for theidentification of biological forms of Anophelesstephensi prevalent in arid areas of Rajasthan.

Environmental and socio-economic externalities ofland Degradation the Nilgris Mountain ofTamil Nadu

Effects of pollutants on the Biodiversity river Jhelumwith special emphasis on cold water fisheries

Environmental concentration of microbial polyesteras potential bioindicators of pollution and theirdegradation studies.

Assessment of Exposure to Toluene disocyanate(TDI) among polyurethane from industry workers

Persistent organic pollutants(POPs) in sedimentsand food web of tropical mangrove ecosystem atPichavaram, South India

Impact of Diesel Oil Pollution on FreshwaterAquaculture and its Possible Bioremediation byMicroorganisms

Bryophytes-tool for National Multi -Elementalatmoshperic survey of 100 years

Cellular/molecular mechanisms involved forarsenic detoxification and tolerance in rice andIndian mustard varieties

Dr.(Mrs.) Neelkamal Rastogi,Centre ofAdvanced Study, Deptt. of Zoology,Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi-221005.

Dr. Karam V. Singh,Desert MedicineResearch Centre, Indian Council ofMedical Science,New Pali Road,Jodhpur-342005, Rajasthan

Dr. C. Sekar,Agricultural EngineeringCollege and Research Institute, PostHarvest Technology Centre,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Coimbatore-641003

Dr. Mohammad Farooq Mir, PostGraduate Department of Environment &Science / Hydrology, Faculty of Science,S.P. College, Srinagar-190001 (J&K)

Dr. R.M. Murugappan,Department ofZoology, Unit of Industrial MicrobiologyThiagarajar College, Madurai-625 009,Tamil Nadu.

Dr. S. Raghavan,National Institute ofOccupational Health (NIOH), Post BoxNo. 2031, Meghaninagar, Ahmedabad-380016, Gujarat

Dr. T. Jeyakumar,Chemistry Section(FEAT), Annamalai University, AnnamalaiNagar -608002 Tamil Nadu

Dr. Apurba Ratan Ghosh, Department ofEnvironmental Science, The University ofBurdwan, Burdwan – 713104 (W.B.)

Dr. Dinesh K. Saxena,Department ofBotany, P.G. D. Environment ManagementBareilly, Bareilly CollegeBareilly-243005, Uttar Pradesh (U.P)

Dr. Meetu Gupta,Deptt. of Biosciences,Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

Sl.No. Title of the Project Name of Principal Investigator & Institute

315


Assessment of anthropogenic activities on soil /water and certain medicinal plants species in andaround Bharalu river in Guwahati city

Development of new environment friendlyadsorption media and its value added applicationfor removal of hazardous anions from water.

Modeling of environmental emission and designand development of fuzzy controlled Fumeextraction system for electric discharge machiningprocess.

Study on macro-fungal diversity in forest litter andscreening their ligninolytic properties to explore thefeasibility of using litter-decomposing fungi asbioremediants.

Occurrence and impact of endocrine disruptingsubstances in the chosen fin and shell fishes ofsouth-east cost of India

Abatement of F2 using fluidized Bed

Impact of stone mining on water quality of Tlawngriver in Mizoram: Strategy for management of riverwater through eco-restoration of abandoned mineareas.

Metallothionein Gene, a molecular biomarker forHeavy Metal Pollution and management

Dr. Jibon Kotoky,Institute of AdvancedStudy in Science & Technology (IASST),Paschim Boragaon, Vigyan Garchuk,Guwahati-781035, Assam

Dr. Rajkishore Patel,Department ofChemistry,National Institute of Technology,Rourkela-769008, Orissa

Dr. S.P. Sivapirakasam,Department ofMechanical Engineering,National Instituteof Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620015,Tamil Nadu

Prof. Sujata Chaudhuri,Deptt. of Botany,University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235,Dt. Nadia, West Bengal

Dr. P. Subramanian,Department of AnimalSciences, Bharathidasan University,Tiruchirappalli-620024, Tamil Nadu

Dr. (Mrs.) Abanti Sahoo,Department ofChemical Engineering,NIT, Rourkela-769008, Orissa

Dr. B.P. Mishra,Department of ForestEcology Biodiversity & EnvironmentalSciences, Mizoram University,Aizawl-796 009. Manipur

Dr. Balu T. Kuzhievelil,Department ofZoology, Christ College, Irinjalakuda,Kerala-680125.


21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

Algal Flora from different habitats of CentralAssam and Conservation of Collected Strains

An analytical study of JFM program for evolvingstrategy for its revival in Madhya Pradesh andChhattisgarh State

Dr. Farishta Yasmin ,Senior Lecturar inBotany Deptt. of Botany,Nowgong CollegeP.o. Nagaon, Assam-782 001.

Dr. P. Bhattacharya, Faculty, TechnicalForestry, Indian Institute of ForestManagement, P.B. No. 357,Bhopal-462 003.

1.

2.



316


Diversity of Endophytic Fungi in SelectedMedicinal Plants of Melghat Forest

Assessment of Bryo-diversity in Uttarakhan,Western Himalaya

Dr. M.K. Rai, Professor & HeadDeptt. ofBiotechnology, Sant Gadgebaba AmravatiUniversityAmravati-444602, Maharashtra

Dr. Geeta Asthana, ReaderDpett. OfBotany, University of Lucknow, UttarPradesh

3.

4.



Eastern and Western Ghats Research Programme (E&WGRP)

Dung specificity, Guild structure, seasonalityand Species composition of Dung beetles(Coleoptera: scarabaeinae) associated withthe dung droppings of major mammals(Elephnt, Gaur, Wild Boar, Deer andMacaque) and composition of Arboreal dungbettles in the wet and dry forests of theWestern Ghats

Biodiversity of Predatory Hemipteran Insectsin Southern Western Ghats and their utility inBiological Control

Distribution of benefits and Costs amongstakeholders of a Protected Area : An empiri-cal study of Great Himalayan National Park(GHNP) in Kullu (HP)

Shri Sabu K. ThomasPost Graduate &Research Deptt. of Zoology, St.Josephs’s College, Devagiri,Calicut-673 008, Kerala.

Dr. K. SahayarajDeptt. of AdvancedZoology and Biotechnology, St.Xavier’s college (Autonomous),Palayamkottai-627002, Tamil Nadu.

Dr. R S PrasherRegional Horticultural Research Station,Jachh (Nurpur),Dist. Kangra–176201 (H. P.)

1.

2.

1.


National Natural Resource Management System (NNRMS)

Forests in Carbon Sequestration: EstimatingCarbon Sequestration Potential using RemoteSensing and GIS

To develop a protected area. Informationmanagement system in Namdapha NationalPark Mauling National Park Mehao Sanctuaryand D’Ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary –Arunachal Pradesh using Remote Sensing of GISTechnology

Dr. P.V. Karunakaran, Director,Natural Resource Management,Centre for Environment and Development,Thozhuvancode, Vattiyoorkavu P.O.,Thiruvananthapuram-695013, Kerala

Dr. G. AreendranWorld Wide Fund forNature – India,Lodhi Road,New Delhi-110003

1.

2.

Policy Research

317


Dr. V.K. Srivastava,RS&GIS ApplicationArea, National Remote Sensing Agency(Department of Space), Balanagar,Hyderabad-500037, Andhra Pradesh

Dr. Imran Ali,Department of Chemistry,Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025

Prof. Anjana Vyas,Centre for Researchand Development Unit (CRDU), CEPT, K.L.Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380009, Gujarat

Dr. P.K. Paul,Department of Mining Engineering,Bengal Engineering and ScienceUniversity, Shibpur, Howrah-711103,West Bengal

Dr. R.K. Somashekhar,Department ofEnvironmental Science, BangaloreUniversity, Bangalore-560056, Karnataka

Mapping of Non-Timber Forest Produce usingRemote Sensing and GIS

Monitoring of Arsenic in Ground Water of BalliaDistrict, Uttar Pradesh Using Remote Sensingand GIS Techniques.

Use of Remote Sensing and GIS for urban solidwaste disposal (Identification of Dumping siteand optimal transportation Route Modeling)

Landslide hazard zonation of Kalingpungsubdivision of West Bengal and creation of aportal to upload Landslide hazard map and allother maps created using open GIS

Forest Encroachment in Karnataka – A twodecadal analysis using RS and GIS

Development of Forest Fire Management Systemin Shimla Forest Division in Himachal Pradesh(India) Using Geospatial Information SystemImpact of Glacier Recession on the Vegetative

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.


Sl.No. Title of the Project Name of Organization

Biosphere Reserve Scheme

Cover of the Valley of Flowers, UttarakhandHimalaya1.

Sl.No. Title of the Project Name of Organization

National Wetland Conservation Programme (NWCP)

Geo-Environmental analysis of Vellayani Lake,Kerala southwest India University of Kerala

Nematode faunal diversity and communitystructure: indicators of he the environmentalconditions at at Keetham Lake Agra”

Environmental Resources ResearchCentre, Ashtamudi Lake, Kerala

Dr. V.SobhaUniversity of Kerala

Prof. (Dr.) Qudsia Tahseen, Reader inZoology, Aligarh Muslim University

Dr.M.P.Nayar,Kozhicode, Kerala

1.

2.

3.

Dr. Laxmi Kant Sharma,Department ofRemote Sensing, Birla Institute ofTechnology, Mesra-835215, Ranchi

Dr. Laxmi Kant SharmaDepartment of Remote SensingBirla Institute of TechnologyMesra-835215, Ranchi

318


Haryana

1. Common Reforms Implementation Programme Faridabad (YAP-II)

Maharashtra

2. Sewage Treatment Plant (76 mld) Kolhapur, (ORCP)

Madhya Pradesh

3. Low Cost Sanitation Chitrakut (ORCP)4. Interception & Diversion Chitrakut (ORCP)5. Land Acquisition Chitrakut (ORCP)6. Public Awareness & Participation Chitrakut (ORCP)7. River Front Development Chitrakut (ORCP)8. Sewage Treatment Plant (4.7 mld) Chitrakut (ORCP)9. Improved Wood Crematoria Chitrakut (ORCP)

Rajasthan

10. Sewage Treatment Plant (30 & 6 mld) and I & D KOTA (ORCP)

Sikkim

11. STP and Rehabilitation of Sewer Main(Bye Pass) Gangtok (ORCP)

Tamil Nadu

12. Interception & Diversion Thanjavur (ORCP)

Uttarakhand

13. Interception & Diversion Deo Prayag (S/C Towns)14. Sewage Treatment Plant (1.4 mld) Deo Prayag (S/C Towns)15. Interception & Diversion Karan Prayag (S/C Towns)16. Interception & Diversion Rudra Prayag (S/C Towns)17. Sewage Treatment Plant (3.0 mld) Rudra Prayag (S/C Towns)

West Bengal

18. River Front Development Barrackpore (GAP-II), (Main Stem)19. Seven Ghat (bank of Hooghly River) Barrackpore (GAP-II) , (Main Stem)20. River Front Development Biadyabati (GAP-II) , (Main Stem)21. Electric Crematoria Naihati (S/C Towns)22. Lifting Station for Pollution Abatement Tolly’s Nallah(GAP-II) , (Main Stem)

YAP � Yamuna Action Plan

ORCP � Other River Conservation Plan

S/C Towns � Supreme Court Order Towns

GAP-II � Ganga Action Plan Phase-II (Main Stem)

National River Conservation Plan

S. No. Name of the Project/ Scheme Name of the Town/ City

319


1. Three lakes of Bangalore namelyVengaiahkere, Nagavara and Jarganahalli Karnataka 11.48

2. Bellandur lake, Bangalore -do- 5.543. Kotekere lake, Belgaum -do- 5.644. Bhishma lake, Gadag -do- 2.505. Lal Bagh, Bangalore -do- 1.666. Channapatna lake, Hasan -do- 4.977. Sharanbhasveshwara lake, Gulbarga -do- 4.898. Akkamahadevi lake, Haveri -do- 2.649. Kundawada lake, Davangere -do- 3.4110. Kote Tavarekere lake, Chikmagalur -do- 3.6411. Tripuranthkeshwar lake, Bidar -do- 4.6712. Gowramma & Hambalmba -do- 4.7713. Amanikere -do- 13.3714. Banjara lake, Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh 4.3015. Powai lake, Mumbai Maharashtra 6.6216. Nine lakes in Thane -do- 2.5317. Mahalaxmi lake, Vadagaon -do- 1.8518. Rankala lake, Kolhapur -do- 8.6519. Varhala Devi lake, Bhiwandi -do- 4.6020. Sidheshwar -do- 4.3221. Mansagar lake, Jaipur Rajasthan 24.7222. Anasagar lake, Ajmer -do- 15.2823. Pushkar -do- 48.3724. Fatehsagar -do- 41.8625. Pichola Lake, System, Udaipur Rajasthan 84.7526. Ooty lake Tamil Nadu 1.7527. Kodaikanal lake, Dindigul -do- 10.4228. Three lakes of Agartala Tripura 2.0229. Four lakes in Nainital Uttarakhand 16.8530. Nainital lake, Nainital -do- 47.9731. Rabindra Sarovar West Bengal 6.9632. Mirik lake, Darjeeling -do- 4.0133. Adi Ganga -do- 24.9434. Dal lake, Sri Nagar J&K 298.7635. Veli Akkulum lake, Thiruvananthpuram Kerala 24.5636. Bindu Sagar lake, Bhubaneshwar Orissa 3.5037. Rani talab, Rewa Madhya Pradesh 3.3138. Sagar lake, Sagar -do- 21.3339. Shivpuri Lakes (Jadav Sagar, Chandpatha), Shivpuri -do- 51.9940. Mansi Ganga lake, Govardhan, Mathura Uttar Pradesh 22.7141. Twin Lakes in Mokokchung Nagaland 25.83

Total 883.94

National Lake Conservation Plan

S. No. Lake State Sanctioned cost(in Rs. crore)

320


Annexure-IVLIST OF PROJECTS COMPLETED DURING 2009-2010

Environment Research Programme (ERP)Title of the Project

Exploitation of Cyanobacteria for metal binding,detoxification and metal removal from AquaticEcosystems.

Phyto-removal of heavy metals from industrialeffluents

Geo-chemical assessment of fluoride content inrock/soil/water systems in KarbianglongDistrict, Assam

Traditional Methods of Water Harvesting and itsImpact on Environment in Bikaner District, Rajasthan

NAT2 gene polymorphism (RELP) in urinary bladdermucosa due to environmental pollutant exposure.

Utilisation of agricultural waste for the developmentof useful advanced ceramics.

Name of Principal Investigator &Institute

Dr. Nirupama Malick, Agriculture andFood Engineering Department, IIT,Kharagpur-721302

Dr. Padma S. Vankar, Indian Institute ofTechnology, Kanpur, 302, SouthernLaboratories Kanpur-208016, U.P.

Dr. P. Kotaky, North-East Institute ofScience and Technology (Earlier RRL),Jorhat-785006, Assam

Dr. Jai Bharat Singh, Government DungarCollege, Bikaner-334003, Rajasthan

Dr. A.K. Mandal, Department ofPathology, Maulana Azad MedicalCollege, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NewDelhi-110002

Dr. Japes Bera, Department of CeramicEngineering, National Institute ofTechnology, Rourkela-769008, Orissa

Sl.No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Title of the project

Biodiversity studies of Orthoptera in KazirangaNational Park, Assam”

14/40/2002-ERS/RE Status, Ecology andConservation of striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena) inGir National Park and Sanctuary

Diversity and ecology of mites infesting medicinalplants of West Bengal

Name of Principal Investigator (PI)& Institute

Dr. (Mrs.) Nizara D. Bharthakur/Dr. N.Senthilkumar,Rain Forest Research Institute,P.B. No. 136, Deovan,Sotai, Jorhat-785001.

Dr. Jamal A. KhanWildlife Society ofIndia, Department of Wildlife Sciences,Aligarh Muslim University,Aligarh-202 002

Dr. Goutam Kumar SahaReader inZoologyUniversity of Calcutta, 35,Ballygunge Circular Road,Kolkata-700 019.

Sl.No.

1.

2.

3.


321


Prof. B.K. AgarwalaDeptt. Of LifeSciences, Tripura University,Suryamaninagar-799130, Tripura(W).

Dr. F. LalnunmawaiDeptt. of Forestry,Mizoram UniversityTanhril Campus,Aizawal-796009.Mizoram

Dr. V.B. HosagoudarMicrobiologyDivisionTropical Botanic Garden &Research Institute Palode,Thiruvananthapuram -695 562, Kerala

Dr. Arun AryaReader in BotanyDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science,The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002.

Ecology and Biocontrol potential of the “GiantCoccinellid Predators of Aphids”.

Studies on ecosystem level changes following thegregarious flowering of Melocanna baccifera inMizoram”.

Diversity and distribution of Asterinaceous fungi inIndia.

Restoration of certain Mining sites of Gujarat byapplication of VAM fungi

4.

5.

6.

7.

Title of the project Name of Principal Investigator (PI)& Institute

Sl.No.


Chemical loading into reservoirs: Investigation fromselected watersheds of Periyar river in WesternGhatsm, Kerala

Bioecology of spiders in Western Ghats of Kerala

A Study on the Herpetofaunal Communities of theUpper vaigai Plateau Western Ghats, India

Herbivorous Arthropod fauna associated with someferns of Western Ghats of Southern India

Ecosystem structure and dynamism, biodiversity,human dimensions and their linkages of EringoleSacred Grove in the Western Ghats of India

Need for conserving forest canopies-Assessing thediversity of canopy insects in the Western Ghats

Name of Principal Investigator (PI)& Institute

Dr. M.N. Muraleedharan Nair, CSD,Centre for Earth Science, Studies,. P.B.No. 7250, Akkulam,Thirvananthapuram-695031

Dr. P.A. Sabastian, Department ofZoology, Sacred Heart College, Thevara,Cochin-682013, Kerala

Dr. S. Bhupathy,Salim Ali Centre for Ornothology &Natural History (SACON), Anaikatty,Coimbatore-641108, Tamil Nadu

Dr. R.W. Alexander Jesusasan,Department of Zoology, Madras ChristianCollege, Chennai-600059

Dr. K.K.N. Nair, Kerala Forest ResearchInstitute , Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala-680653

Shri Y.B. Srinivasa, Institute of WoodScience and Technology, 18th Cross,Malleswaram, Bangalore-560003

Sl.No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Eastern and Western Ghats Research Programme (E&WGRP)

322


7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

Tolerance of indigenous forest species to degradedLateritic soils of Kerala

Taxonomy Studies on family Noctuoidea:Lepidoptera) from Western Ghats of India

Biodiversity of mites associated with insects inWestern Ghats

Ecology of Co-existing owls, Spotted owlet (Owlet(Athene brama) and Barn owl (Tyto alba) inMadurai District Tamil Nadu South India

Studies on the biodiversity of hyphomycetes in drydeciduous forest soils and litters of semi-arid tropicalareas of the Puttaparthy Mandal, AnanthapurDistrict

Establishment of in-vitro gene bank Nothopodytesfoetida(Wt.) Sleumer-Threatened species of WesternGhats

Dr. M.P. Sujatha, Kerala Forest ResearchInstitute, Peechi, Kerala-680653

Dr. Jagbir Singh, Department of Zoology,Punjabi University, Patiala-147002

Dr. K. Ramaraju, Centre for PlantProtection Studies, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore-641003

Dr. R. Santhana Krishnan, Deptt. OfZoology, Saraswathi NarayarananCollege, Madurai-625022

Dr. B.S. Vijayakumar, Sri Satya SaiInstitute of Higher Learning,Prasanthinilayam-515134.AndhraPradesh.

Dr. D.H. Tejavathi, Prof. of Botany,Bangalore University, Bangalore-560056

Title of the project Name of Principal Investigator (PI)& Institute

Sl.No.


Corporate Environmental responsibility and theMarket: study of Indian manufacturing firms.

Formulation of a Sui-Generis Regime for traditionalknowledge (Ethnobilogy)

Societal Risks “Policy for Managing Societal Risksin India”.

Name of Principal Investigator &InstituteProf. P. D. Jose, Indian Institute ofManagement (IIM),Bengaluru -560076, Karnataka

Prof. P. PushapangadanInstitute for Herbaland Biotech Product Development,Triruvanthapuram -695005, Kerala

Prof. A. Damodaran, Indian Institute ofManagement (IIM), Bengaluru -560076,Karnataka

Sl.No.

1.

2.

3.

Policy Research Project


Forest Type Mapping of India’s Forest

Snow and Glacier Studies

Name of Principal Investigator &InstituteDr. Subhash Ashutosh, Joint Director,ForestSurvey of India, Kaulagarh Road,Dehradun-248195, Uttarakhand

Dr. Ajai, Group Director,SpaceApplication Centre, Ambawadi VistarP.O., Ahmadabad-380015

Sl.No.

1.

2.

National Natural Resource Management System (NNRMS)

323


Title of the project Name of OrganizationSl.No.

1.

2.

3.

Macrofungal Biodiversity of Nanda Devi BiosphereReserve and it’s in vitro conservation

Studies on the animal habitat interaction in thebuffer zone of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve

Study on the biodiversity of Agaricales atSikkim Himalaya

Punjab University, Chandigarh – 160 014

Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun

University of Calcutta, Kolkata.

National River Conservation DirectorateProjects completed during 01-04-2009 to 31-10-2009

S. No. Name of the Project/ Scheme Name of the Town/ City

Haryana1. Additional Sewerage Works Faridabad (YAP-II)2. Sewer Lines (Phase-II/ Stage-II) Karnal (YAP-II)3. Sewer Lines (Phase-II/ Stage-II) Panipat (YAP-II)4. Additional Sewerage Works Panipat (YAP-II)5. Sewer Line (Phase-II/ Stage-II) Yamunanagar-Jagdhari (YAP-II)6. Additional Sewerage Works Yamunanagar-Jagdhari (YAP-II)Karnataka7. Sewage Treatment Plant Nanjangud (ORCP)Uttar Pradesh8. River Front Development Lucknow ( Gomti-II)Uttarakhand9. Interception & Diversion (Part-II) Sri-Nagar (S/C Towns)West Bengal10. Lifting Station-I Asansol (DAP)11. Sewage Treatment Plant (Zone-B) 13.17 mld Asansol (DAP)12. Sewage Treatment Plant (5.90 mld) Barrackpore (GAP-II), (Main Stem)13. Electricity Crematoria (Madhyagram) Bansberia (GAP-II), (Main Stem)14. STP ( mld) Budge-Budge (GAP-II), (Main Stem)15. Sewage Treatment Plant Budge-Budge (GAP-II), (Main Stem)16. Afforestation Kharda (Extended), (S/C Towns)17. Sewage Treatment Plant (a) Naihati, (S/C Towns)18. Sewage Treatment Plant (b) Naihati, (S/C Towns)19. Sewage Treatment Plant Naihati, (S/C Towns)20. Interception and Diversion Rishra, (GAP-II), (Main Stem)21. Lifting Station (A) Rishra, (GAP-II), (Main Stem)

NRCP � National River Conservation PlanS/C Towns � Supreme Court Order TownsGAP-II � Ganga Action Plan Phase-IIDAP � Damodar Action Plan

Biosphere Reserves

324


ANNEXURE-V

STATE-WISE AND TOWN-WISE DETAILS OF APPROVED COST (CCEA),SANCTIONED COST AND EXPENDITURE IN 167 TOWNS UNDER

NATIONAL RIVER CONSERVATION PLAN

Sl. No. STATE/TOWN River No. River Sanctioned Cost (DPR)(Rs. in lakh)

I ANDHRA PRADESH

1 Bhadrachalam 1 Godavari 200.70

2 Mancherial Godavari 231.30

3 Rajamundry Godavari 2178.60

4 Ramagundam Godavari 574.55

5 Hyderabad 2 Musi 33565.53

Sub Total : 36750.68

II BIHAR

6 Arrah 3 Ganga 34.25

7 Barahya Ganga 40.48

8 Barh Ganga 18.90

9 Bhagalpur Ganga 20.09

10 Buxar Ganga 7.63

11 Chapra Ganga 0.00

12 Fatwah Ganga 18.02

13 Hazipur Ganga 0.00

14 Kahelgaon Ganga 0.00

15 Mokamah Ganga 0.00

16 Munger Ganga 40.30

17 Patna Ganga 178.07

18 Sultanganj Ganga 37.43

Sub Total : 395.18

III DELHI

19 Delhi 4 Yamuna 18064.08

YAP-II Yamuna 46935.45

Sub Total 64999.53

325


IV GOA

20 Panaji 5 Mandovi 1409.52

Sub Total 1409.52

V GUJARAT

21 Ahemadabad 6 Sabarmati 10195.87


VI HARYANA

22 Chhachhrauli Yamuna 104.79

23 Faridabad Yamuna 7573.57

24 Gharaunda Yamuna 141.27

25 Gohana Yamuna 347.51

26 Gurgaon Yamuna 2764.64

27 Indri Yamuna 136.88

28 Karnal Yamuna 2493.94

29 Palwal Yamuna 1054.19

30 Panipat Yamuna 4351.02

31 Radaur Yamuna 108.86

32 Sonepat Yamuna 2263.40

33 Yamunanagar-Jagdri Yamuna 2880.22

YAP-II Yamuna 6342.97

Sub Total: 30563.26

VII JHARKHAND

34 Ghatshila 7 Subarnarekha 68.02

35 Jamshedpur Subarnarekha 174.52

36 Ranchi Subarnarekha 133.07

37 Bokaro-Kangali 8 Damodar 9.87

38 Chirkunda Damodar 0.00

39 Dugdha Damodar 0.00

40 Jharia Damodar 0.00


326


41 Ramgarh Damodar 16.17

42 Sahebganj Ganga 20.67

43 Sindri Damodar 0.00

44 Sudamdih Damodar 9.87

45 Telmachu Damodar 5.53

Sub Total : 437.73

VIII KARNATAKA

46 Bhadravati 9 Bhadra 376.98

47 Davangere 10 Tungabhadra 466.05

48 Harihara Tungabhadra 249.94

49 K.R.Nagar 11 Cauvery 57.80

50 Kollegal Cauvery 108.65

51 Nanjangud Cauvery 223.86

52 Shimoga 12 Tunga 370.38

53 Srirangapatna Cauvery 144.01

54 Bangalore 13 Pennar 4627.00

Sub Total : 6624.67

IX KERALA

55 Pamba 14 Pamba 1844.98

Sub Total : 1844.98

X MADHYA PRADESH

56 Bhopal 15 Betwa 339.32

57 Burhanpur 16 Tapti 481.47

58 Chapara 17 Wainganga 39.85

59 Indore 18 Khan 4019.20

60 Jabalpur 19 Narmada 133.85

61 Keolari Wainganga 36.16

62 Mandideep Betwa 36.13


327


63 Nagda 20 Chambal 310.79

64 Seoni Wainganga 25.10

65 Ujjain 21 Kshipra 1804.96

66 Vidisha Betwa 447.47

67 Hoshangabad Narmada 1299.07

68 Rewa 22 Beehar 1944.00

69 Chitrakut 23 Mandakini 620.42


XI MAHARASHTRA

70 Karad 23 Krishna 318.72

71 Nanded Godavari 1346.76

72 Nashik Godavari 6201.76

73 Sangli Krishna 2555.27

74 Trimbakeshwar Godavari 1164.00

75 Prakkasha 24 Tapi 244.43

76 Kolhapur 27 Panchganga 7429.00


XII NAGALAND

77 Dimapur 25 Diphu and Dhansiri 3174.00

Sub Total : 3174.00

XIII ORISSA

78 Chandbali 26 Brahamini 34.90

79 Cuttack 27 Mahanadi 804.30

80 Dharamshala Brahamini 19.63

81 Talcher Brahamini 370.20

82 Puri Coastal Area 8044.86

Sub Total : 9273.89


328


XIV PUNJAB

83 Jalandhar 28 Satluj 5221.78

84 Ludhiana Satluj 13351.21

85 Phagwara Satluj 1386.21

86 Phillaur Satluj 112.06

87 Kapurthala Satluj 1256.26

88 Sultanpur Lodhi Satluj 240.74


XV RAJASTHAN

89 Keshoraipattan Chambal 72.55

90 Kota Chambal 15022.85


XVI SIKKIM

91 Gangtok 29 Rani Chu 2516.20

92 Singtom Rani Chu 632.82

93 Ranipool Rani Chu 590.24

Sub Total : 3739.26

XVII TAMIL NADU

94 Bhiwani Cauvery 392.84

95 Chennai 32, 33 Adyar, Cooum 40425.46

96 Erode Cauvery 1472.13

97 Kumarapalayam Cauvery 232.14

98 Pallipalayam Cauvery 184.67

99 Trichy Cauvery 430.05

100 Karur Cauvery 3105.32

101 Kumbakonam Cauvery 4410.45

102 Mayiladuthurai Cauvery 4481.04

103 Trichirappalli Cauvery 11667.00


329


104 Thanjavur 32 Vennar 6274.76

105 Madurai 33 Vaigai 13024.18

106 Tirunelveli 34 Tamrabarani 5492.90


XVIII UTTAR PRADESH

107 Agra Yamuna 8429.50

108 Allahabad Ganga 5853.04

109 Anupshaher Ganga 450.38

110 Bijnor Ganga 434.43

111 Chunar Ganga 39.53

112 Etawah Yamuna 559.76

113 Farrukkabad Ganga 0.00

114 Garhmukteshwar Ganga 130.94

115 Ghaziabad Yamuna 9457.95

116 Ghazipur Ganga 55.93

117 Jaunpur 35 Gomti 377.17

118 Kanpur Ganga 8276.53

119 Lucknow Gomti 31067.49

120 Mathura Yamuna 2486.12

121 Mirzapur Ganga 261.69

122 Mughal Sarai Ganga 148.08

123 Muzaffar Nagar Yamuna 1285.94

124 NOIDA Yamuna 2704.69

125 Saharanpur Yamuna 2486.62

126 Saidpur Ganga 0.00

127 Sultanpur Gomti 434.65

128 Varanasi Ganga 4161.21

129 Vrindavan Yamuna 855.92

YAP-II 11507.94

Sub Total (UP) 91465.51


330


XIX UTTARAKHAND

130 Badrinath Ganga 1208.07

131 Deoprayag Ganga 1217.71

132 Gopeshwar Ganga 30.36

133 Hardwar & Rishikesh Ganga 4989.62

134 Joshimath Ganga 16.90

135 Karnaparag Ganga 888.84

136 Ranipur Ganga 392.55

137 Rudraprayag Ganga 1335.48

138 Srinagar Ganga 590.05

139 Uttar Kashi Ganga 816.46

Sub Total 11486.04

XX WEST BENGAL

140 Andal Damodar 17.85

141 Asansol Damodar 340.66

142 Bhadreshwar & Champdani Ganga 943.87

143 Baidyabati Ganga 1192.76

144 Bansberia Ganga 896.04

145 Barrackpore Ganga 3778.81

146 Budge-Budge Ganga 826.72

147 Chakdah Ganga 128.43

148 Circular Canal Ganga 893.63

149 Dhulian Ganga 144.87

150 Diamond Harbour Ganga 375.07

151 Durgapur Damodar 21.20

152 Garulia Ganga 470.73

153 Gayeshpur,Halilshar & Kancharapara Ganga 2002.51

154 Jangipur Ganga 144.64

155 Jijganj Azimganj Ganga 451.93

156 Katwa Ganga 295.71

157 Kharda (Extended) Ganga 545.35


331


158 Konnagar Ganga 1362.52

159 Maheshtala Ganga 1131.70

160 Murshidabad Ganga 228.69

161 Naihati Ganga 1903.25

162 North Barrackpore Ganga 1428.58

163 Raniganj Damodar18.70

164 Rishra Ganga 1020.54

165 Tolly’s Nallah Ganga 2465.17

166 Uttarpara Kotrung Ganga 929.31

167 Siliguri 36 Mahananda 5488.23

Sub Total (W.B.) 29447.47

Total : (20 States) : 460861.96

CETP, Calcutta (West Bengal)

ESTT. & R&D 8292.00

OVER ALL TOTAL : 469153.96


332


Annexure-VI

IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES OF STATES UNDER NATIONAL RIVER CONSERVATION PLAN

S.No. Nodal Implementing Agency

1. ANDHRA PRADESH

i) Engineer-in Chief, iii) Managing Director,Public Health Engg. Department, A.C. Guards, AP Tourism Corporation Ltd.,Hyderabad “Tourism House”, 3-5-891,

Himayat Nagar, Hyderabad-500029,ii) Managing Director, Andhra PradeshHyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply &Sewerage Board, Khairtabad,Hyderabad –500 004

2. BIHAR

Managing Director,BRJP, West Boring Canal Road, Patna,Bihar –800 001

3. GOA

Executive Engineer, WD –III, PHEGoa Public Works Deptt. St. INEZ, Panaji, Goa

4. GUJARAT

Municipal Commissioner,Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation,Ahmedabad-380 001.

5. HARYANA

Engineer-in-ChiefPWD Public Health Branch.Bay No. 13-18 Sector-4, Panchkula, Haryana

6. JHARKHAND

Managing Director,MADA, Luby Circular Road, Dhanbad, Jharkhand,

7. KARNATAKA

i) Managing Director, ii) Member Secretary,Karnataka Urban Water Supply & Drainage Board, Kr S.P.C.B., 6, 7, 8 & 9th floor,KHB Complex, Cauvery Bhawan, K.G. Road, Public Utility Building, M.G. Road,Bangalore-560 009. Bangalore-560 001, Karnataka.

333


8. KERALA

Managing Director,Kerala Water Authority, Jala Bhawan,Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala

9. MADHYA PRADESH

i) Member Secretary, ii) E-N-C, PHED,M.P. Pollution Control Board, Paryavaran Parisar, Govt. of M.P., Satpura Bhawan, Bhopal,E-5, Arera Colony, Bhopal-462 013 Madhya Pradesh

10. MAHARASTRA

i) Member Secretary, ii) Commissioner,Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP) Nasik Municipal Corporation,4th floor, Express Tower, Nariman Point, Nasik, MaharashtraMaharashtra

11. NAGALAND

Chief Engineer,Public Health Engineering, Department,Govt. of Nagaland, Kohima

12. NCT DELHI

i) Delhi Jal Board, ii) Additional Commissioner (S&JJS)Varunalaya Phase-II, Jhandewalan, Municipal Corporation of Delhi,Delhi-110 005. I.P. Estate, New Delhi-110 002

13. ORISSA

Member Secretary/Chief Engineer,Orissa Water Supply and Sewerage Board,Satya Nagar, Bhubaneswar.

14. PUNJAB

Managing Director,Punjab Water Supply & Sewerage Board,Plot I-B, Sector-27A, Madhya Marg, Chandigarh

15. RAJASTHAN

Chief Engineer (Hqs) PHED,2, Civil Lines, Govt. of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 006.

16. SIKKIM

PCE-cum-Secretary,Water Security & PHED, Govt. of Sikkim, Gangtok

334


17 TAMIL NADU

i) Managing Director, iii) Secretary,CMWSSB, No-1, Pumping Station Road, Municipal Admin & Water Supply,Chintadripet, Chennai-600 002 Govt. of Tamil Nadu, Secretariat Chennai

ii) Managing Director,TWAD Board, Chepauk, Chennai-600 005

18. UTTAR PRADESHManaging Director,U.P. Jal Nigam, 6, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow

19. UTTRAKHANDManaging DirectorUttaranchal Peyjal Nigam,11, Mohini Road, Dehradun

20. WEST BENGALi) Cheif Executive Officer, ii) Director of Industries,KMDA, Prashasan Bhawan, Commerce & Industries Dept.,DD-I, Sector-I, Kolkata-700 064 Govt. of W. Bengal, New Secretariat

Building, 9th Floor, 1, K.S. Roy Road,Kolkata-700 001

335


Annexure-VII

LIST OF WETLANDS IDENTIFIED UNDER NATIONAL WETLAND CONSERVATION PROGRAMME(* Twenty five Wetlands of International Importance from India under Ramsar Convention)

S.No. State/UT S.No. Name of Wetlands

1. Andhra Pradesh 1. Kolleru *

2. Assam 2. Deepar Beel *

3. Urpad Beel

4. Sone Beel

3. Bihar 5. Kabar

6. Barilla

7. Kusheshwar Asthan

4. Gujarat 8. Nalsarovar

9. Great Rann of Kachh

10. Thol Bird Sanctuary

11. Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary

12. Little Rann of Kachh

13. Pariej

14. Wadhwana

15. Nanikakrad

5. Haryana 16. Sultanpur

17. Bhindawas

6. Himachal Pradesh 18. Renuka *

19. Pong Dam *

20. Chandratal *

21. Rewalsar

22. Khajjiar

7. Jammu & Kashmir 23. Wullar *

24. Tso Morari *

25. Tisgul Tso & Chisul Marshes

26. Hokersar *

27. Mansar-Surinsar *

28. Ranjitsagar

29. Pangong Tsar

336


30. Gharana

31. Hygam

32. Mirgund

33. Shalbugh

34. Chushul & Hanley

8. Jharkhand 35. Udhwa

36. Tilaiya Dam

9. Karnataka 37. Magadhi

38. Gudavi Bird Sanctuary

39. Bonal

40. Hidkal & Ghataprabha

41. Heggeri

42. Ranganthittu

43. K.G. Koppa wetland

10. Kerala 44. Ashtamudi *

45. Sasthamkotta *

46. Kottuli

47. Kadulandi

48. Vembnad Kol *

11 Madhya Pradesh 49. Barna

50. Yashwant Sagar

51. Wetland of Ken River

52. National Chambal Sanctuary

53. Ghatigaon

54. Ratapani

55. Denwa Tawa wetland

56. Kanha Tiger Reserve

57. Pench Tiger Reserve

58. Sakhyasagar

59. Dihaila

60. Govindsagar

61. Sirpur


337


12. Maharashtra 62. Ujni

63. Jayakawadi

64. Nalganga wetland

13. Manipur 65. Loktak *

14. Mizoram 66. Tamdil

67. Palak

15. Orissa 68. Chilka *

69. Kuanria wetland

70. Kanjia wetland

71. Daha wetland

72. Anusupa

16. Puducherry 73. Ousteri lake

17. Punjab 74. Harike *

75. Ropar *

76. Kanjli *

77. Nangal

18. Rajasthan 78. Sambhar *

19. Sikkim 79. Khechuperi Holy Lake

80. Tamze Wetland

81. Tembao Wetland Complex

82. Phendang Wetland Complex

83. Gurudokmar Wetland

84. Tsomgo wetland

20. Tamil Nadu 85. Point Calimer *

86. Kaliveli

87. Pallaikarni

21. Tripura 88. Rudrasagar *

89. Gumti reservoir

22. Uttar Prdaesh. 90. Nawabganj

91. Sandi

92. Lakh Bahoshi

93. Samaspur


338



94. Alwara Wetland

95. Semarai Lake

96. Nagaria lake

97. Keetham Lake

98. Shekha wetland

99. Saman Bird Sanctuary

100. Sarsai Nawar

101. Patna Bird Sanctuary

102. Chandotal

103. Tal Bhaghel

104. Taal Ganbhirvan & Taal Salona

105. Aadi Jal Jeev Jheel

23. Uttarakhand 106. Ban Ganga Jhilmil Tal

107. Asan

24. West Bengal 108. East Calcutta Wetland *

109. Sunderbans

110. Ahiron Beel

111. Rasik Beel

112. Santragachi

25. Meghalaya 113. Patlakhawa- Rasomati

114. Umiam lake

26. UT (Chandi-garh) 115. Sukhna

Madhya Pradesh 116. Bhoj Wetland *

Orissa 117. Bhitarkanika Mangroves *

Rajasthan 118. Keoladeo National Park *

Uttar Pradesh 119. Upper Ganga *

339


Annexure-VIIINames of Nodal Agencies of NGC Programme

S.No. State/UT State Nodal Agency

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Andhra Pradesh

Andaman & Nicobar(U.T.)

Arunachal Pradesh

Assam

Bihar

Chandigarh (UT)

Chhattisgarh

Dadra & Nagar Haveli(UT)

Daman& Diu (UT)

Delhi (NCT)

Goa

Gujarat

Directorate of NGC, Deptt. of Environment, Forests, Science &Tech., Govt. of A.P., No. 18, A-Block, Buddha BhavanComplex, MG Road, Hyderabad - 500 003

H. Q. Circle, Department of Forests, Vansadan, Haddo, PortBlair - 741002

Department of Environment & Forests, Government ofArunachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh State Pollution ControlBoard, Environment & Forests Office Complex, ‘P’ Sector,Itanagar – 791 111

Assam Science, Technology and Environment Council, BigyanBhawan, G. S. Road, Guwahati – 781 005

Bihar State Poll. Control Board, Beltron Bhawan, 2nd floor, LalBahadur Shastri Nagar, Patna – 800 023

Department of Environment, Chandigarh Administration,Additional Town Hall Building, llnd Floor, Sector –17-,Chandigarh -160 017

Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board, 1 – TilakNagar, Shiv Mandir Chowk, Main Road, Avanti Vihar,Raipur – 492 006

Pollution Control Committee (PCC), DNH, Silvasa - 396230

Pollution Control Committee, Fort Area, Daman & Diu,Moti Daman – 396 220

Eco Club Society of Delhi, Department of Environment,Govt. of NCT of Delhi, Level –6, C-Wing, Delhi Secretariat,I.P Estate, New Delhi – 110 002

Goa State Council of Science, Technology & Environment,Opp. Saligao Seminary, Saligao, Barcez, Goa – 403 511

Gujarat Ecological Education and Research Foundation(GEER), Near Indroda Nature Park, Sec. – 9,Gandhi Nagar – 382 009

340



13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

Haryana

Himachal Pradesh

Jammu & Kashmir

Jharkhand

Karnataka

Kerala

Lakshadweep (UT)

Madhya Pradesh

Maharashtra

Manipur

Meghalaya

Mizoram

Haryana State Pollution Control Board, Plot No. C-11, Sector–6, Panchkula –134 101

State Council for Science, Technology & Environment, 34,SDA Complex, Kasumpti, Shimla -171 009

(May to Oct)Srinagar- Sheikh-ul Alam Campus, Rajbagh behindGovt Silk Factory, Srinagar- Kashmir(Nov to April)J & K State Pollution Control Board Jammu- Parivesh Bhawan,Glandni Transport Nagar (Narwal) Jammu

Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board, T. A. Division Building,Ground Floor, H. E. C., Dhurwa, Ranchi - 834 004

Environmental Management & Policy Research Institute,Department of Forests, Ecology and Environment, Governmentof Karnataka, “Hasiru Bhavana”, Doresanipalya ForestCampus, Vinayakanagar Circle, J. P. Nagar, 5th Phase,Bangalore – 560 078

Kerala State Council for Science, Tech. & Environment ,Shashtra Bhawan, Pattom, Thiruvannthapuram – 695 004

Deptt. of Environment and Forests, UT Administration ofLakshadweep, Kavaratti - 682555

Environment Planning and Coordination Organisation (EPCO),Kachnar, Parayavaran Parisar, E-5, Sector, Arera Colony,Bhopal – 462 106

Maharashtra Ekatmik Padik Jamin Vikas Yantrana, Directorateof Social Forestory, Maharastra State, Central AdministrativeBuilding, Ground Floor, Pune – 411 001

Manipur Pollution Control Board, Lamphelpat, Near ImphalWest D.C. Office Complex, Imphal-795004

Forests & Environment Department, Sylvan House, LowerLauchumere, Shillong – 793 001

Mizoram State Pollution Control Board, MG Road, Khatla,Aizawl – 796 001

341



Nagaland Pollution Control Board, Signal Point, Dimapur –797112

Centre for Environmental Studies (CES), Forests & EnvironmentDepartment, Govt. of Orissa, N-1/247, IRC Village,Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar – 751 015

Environment Education Cell, State Training Centre,Perunthalivar Kamaraj Education Complex, ‘B’ Block, IV Floor,Anna Nagar, Puducherry – 605 005

Punjab State Council for Science and Technology, AdjacentSacred Heart School, Sector – 26, Post Box No. 727,Chandigarh - 160019

Rajasthan Rajya Bharat Scouts & Guides, Rajya Mukhyalaya,Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, Bajaj Nagar, Jaipur – 302 015

State Environment Committee, Deptt. of Forests, Environment &Wildlife, Government of Sikkim, Deorali –737 102

Environment Management Agency of Tamil Nadu (EMAT),Govt. of Tamil Nadu, Ground Floor, Panagal Building, No.1,Jeenis Road, Saidapet, Chennai-600015

Tripura State Pollution Control Board, Vigyan Bhawan, Pt.Nehru Complex, Gorkha Basti, P.O. Kunjaban, Agartala,Tripura (W) – 799 006

Directorate of Environment, Vineet Khand-1,Gomti Nagar, Lucknow

Uttarakhand Sabhi Ke Liye Shiksha Parishad, SSA,Shiksha Shankul, Mayur Vihar, Sahastradhara Road,Dehradun – 248 001

West Bengal Pollution Control Board, Department of Environment,Government of West Bengal, Paribesh Bhawan, 10A,Block – LA, Sector III, Bidhannagar, Kolkata – 700 098

Nagaland

Orissa

Pudducherry (UT)

Punjab

Rajasthan

Sikkim

Tamil Nadu

Tripura

Uttar Pradesh

Uttarakhand

West Bengal

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

342


Annexure-IXList of RRAs under NEAC 2009-10

S.No. Name of Organisations Area of Jurisdiction

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

Sri Swarupa Nistha Ashrama, Philosophical Welfare Society,H.No. 1-1189-99,1st Floor, N.G.O. Colony, Kadiri-515591,Anathapur Distt. Andhra Pradesh

Deccan Development Society, 101, Kishan ResidencyHouse No.1-11-242/1, Street No.5, Begum Pet,Hyderabad- 500 016

Assam Science Society, P.B.No.78, Lamb Road, Latasil,Guwahati-781 001

Rural Youth Coordination Centre,Camp Office: House No. 210,Indira Nagar Rajapur,Post-Patna G.P.O., Distt-Patna-800 001Head Office: At. Po. Distt. Saran, Bihar Pin-841401

Jan Kalyan Parishad, Moh. Namana Kala Ring Road,(Near Comel School), Ambikapur, Distt. -Surguja,Chattisgarh-497001

Indian Environmental Society,U-112, Vidhata House, 3rd Floor,Vikas Marg, Shakarpur, Delhi- 110 092Branch Office: Kaveri Building, Ground FloorSanjay Palace, Agra

Vikram Sarabhai Centre for Development Interaction(VIKSAT), Nehru Foundation for Development, Thaltej Tekra,Vastrapur Road, Ahmedabad- 380 054

Haryana Nav Yuvak Kala Sangam (HNYKS) 46,Sector-I, Rohtak-124001, Haryana

State Council for Science, Technology & EnvironmentH.P. 34, SDA Complex, Kasumpti, Shimla- 171 009

World Wide Fund for Nature-India, Jammu & Kashmir StateOffice, C/O Centre for Environment Education & Training,New University campus, Jammu-180006

The NGOs Co-ordination Federation (J&K), Usman ComplexSolina, Srinagar-190009 (J&K)

Andhra Pradesh(South)

Andhra Pradesh(North)

Assam

Bihar

Chhattisgarh

Delhi & Western U.P.

Gujarat & Daman Diu

Haryana

Himachal Pradesh

Jammu

Kashmir includingLadakh

343



12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

Gram Vikas Kendra, K-3/57, Hans Stoehr Road, TELCOColony, Jamshedpur- 831 004

Karnataka Rajya Vijnana Parishat, Vijnana Bhawan,No. 24 /2 &24/3, 21st Main Road, Banashankari-II Stage,Bangalore- 560 070

Centre for Environment & Development, Thozhuvancode,Vattiyoorkavu P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala –695013

Bhartiya Agro-Industries Foundation (BAIF), DevelopmentResearch Foundation, BAIF Bhawan, Dr. Manibhai DesaiNagar, National Highway No. 4, Warje, Pune- 411 058

Environment & Ecology Wing, Deptt. of Environment andForests, Government of Manipur, Porompat, Near D.C.Officer, Imphal (east)-795 001

Environmental Planning & Coordination Organisation(EPCO), ‘Kachnar’ Paryavaran Parisar, E-5, Arera Colony,Bhopal- 462 016

Center for Environment Protection (CEP), B-27/1,TuikualSouth, Aizwal-796001, Mizoram

Nagaland Pollution Control Board, Signal Point, Dimapur,Nagaland-797112

Centre for Environment Studies, Forests and EnvironmentDepartment, Government of Orissa, N-3/56 I.R.C. Village,Bhubaneshwar- 751015

Animal Welfare Society of Orissa,Branch Office: At/Po- Bhandaripokhari, Distt-Bhadrak, OrissaHead Office: Qr. No. 4R-2, Unit –8 Gopbandhu Square,Bhubaneshwar –751012

Punjab State Council for Science & Technology,MG SIPA Building, Near Sacred Heart Public School,Sector-26, Chandigarh- 160 019

Consumer Unity & Trust Society (CUTS), D-217, BhaskarMarg, Bani Park, Jaipur-302016, Rajasthan

C.P. Ramaswamy Iyer Foundation, The grove, 1-EldmasRoad, Alwerpet, Chennai- 600 018

Jharkhand

Karnataka

Kerala, Lakshadweep &Minicoy Island

Maharashtra, Goa &Dadara Nagar Haveli

Manipur

Madhya Pradesh

Mizoram

Nagaland

South Orissa

North Orissa

Punjab & Chandigarh

Rajasthan

Tamilnadu (North) &Andman Nicobar

344



25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

C.P. Ramaswamy Environment Education Centre,No. 1-A, Eldams Road, Chennai- 600 018

PEACE Trust, Near Police Colony, Trichy Road, Dindigul,Tamil Nadu-624005

Tripura State Pollution Control Board, Pandit Nehru Complex,Gorkhabasti, Agartala-799 006

Devoted Organization for Reforming Environment (DORE),196-B, Khari Bazar, Ranikhet-263645, Uttarakhand

Shohratgarh Environmental Society, Prem Kunj, 9, AdarshColony, Shohratgarh, Siddharth Nagar Distt. 272 205 (U.P.)

School of Fundamental Research, 29, Pratapaditya Road,Kolkata- 700 026

Federation of Societies for Environmental Protection (FOSEP),Darjeeling, Dr. S.M. Das Road, Red Cross Building,Darjelling-734101, West Bengal

Department of Environment& Forests, Office of the PCCF &Principle. Secretary., ‘P’-Sector, Government of ArunachalPradesh, Itanagar- 791 111

Department of Environment, Government of Meghalaya,Shillong-793 001.

State Environment Agency Forest, Environment and WildlifeManagement Department, Government of Sikkim,Gangtok-737 101

Pondicherry

Tamilnadu (South)

Tripura

Uttarakhand

Uttar Pradesh (East)

West BengalExcept Darjeeling HillyAreas and Sillyguri

Darjeeling Hilly Area &Siliguri

Arunachal Pradesh

Meghalaya

Sikkim

345


Annexure-X

Audit Reports of Comptroller and Auditor General of India for theyear 2008-09

Scientific Departments (Compliance Audit – Report No. 16 of 2008-09)

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS

6.1 Failure of village tree plantation project

Due to improper planning and lack of monitoring on part of National Afforestationand Eco-development Board, the objective of undertaking plantation of trees all over thecountry at a cost of Rs.5.87 crore was not achieved, defeating the purpose for which theproject was sanctioned. Only an amount of Rs.2.34 crore could be spent on the schemeas of January 2009 by the states/UTs as per the utilisation certificates received in the Ministry.

6.2 Inadmissible payment of Transport Allowance

Grant of Transport Allowance in violation of orders of Ministry of Finance led toinadmissible payment of Rs.67.66 lakh as transport allowance.

6.3 Functioning of Central Zoo Authority, New Delhi

Central Zoo Authority (CZA) functioned only as a grant releasing agency instead ofan agency to ensure conservation of endangered species of animals in zoos. CZA failedto ensure effective protection of animals/breeding programmes in the zoos. It had not fullyidentified the list of endangered species and undertook conservation breeding programmesfor only three of the identified 63 endangered species. There was decrease in the numberof endangered animals in the zoos all over the country due to high mortality. There wasover-crowding of animals such as tigers, sambar/spotted deer, leopards etc., in a largenumber of zoos, much beyond the optimal number of animals prescribed under CZA guidelines.CZA was unaware as to whether the zoos were following the norms and regulations introducedby it for upkeep etc., to ensure the proper health of animals in zoos as it did not conductany regular monitoring of the functioning of zoos. The system of financial management inCZA was also weak with CZA unable to monitor whether the funds released by it were actuallybeing spent by the state zoos for the sanctioned purpose.

346


Annexure-XILIST OF ENVIS CENTRES

1

2

3

4

5

Sl. Address Communication Linkages Subject Area

Dr. D.S. KamyotraMember SecretaryShri Keyur ShahENVIS CoordinatorCentral Pollution Control Board (CPCB)Parivesh Bhawan, CBD-Cum OfficeComplex, East Arjun Nagar,Delhi-110 032, Delhi

Dr. Ashwani KumarDirectorDr. (Mrs.) Poonam KakkarENVIS CoordinatorIndustrial Toxicological ResearchCentre(ITRC)Post Box No.80Mahatma Gandhi MargLucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh

Dr. H.N. Sayed DirectorDr. Sunil KumarDeputy Dir (Sr. Grade) & ENVISCoordinatorNational Institute of OccupationalHealth(NIOH)Meghani NagarAhmedabad, Gujarat-380016

Prof. R. SukumarChairmanDr. T.V. RamachandranENVIS CoordinatorCentre for Ecological Sciences - IndianInstitute of Science (IISc)Bengaluru-560 012, Karnataka

Prof. T. Balasubramanian Director and ENVIS In-ChargeCentre for Advanced Studies in MarineBiology(CASMB)Annamalai University,Parangipettai-608 502, Tamil Nadu

Phone: 011-22301932Fax: 011-22304948, 22301932Email: [email protected]

Phone: 0522-2284591,2621856, 2613357, 2627586,2613786 (Extn. 269, 305, 306,307)Mobile: 9335902630Fax: 0522-2628227, 2611547Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 079-22686351,22686259Fax: 079-22686361Email: [email protected]

Phone: 91-080-23600985,22933099, 22932506Fax: 91-080-23601428,23600085, 23600683Email: [email protected]

Phone: 04144-243223, 243533,253089, 09443330214Fax: 04144- 243555Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Control ofPollution (Water,Air and Noise)

Toxic Chemicals

EnvironmentalandOccupationalHealth

Western Ghatsand BiologicalDiversity

Mangroves,Estuaries,Lagoons, CoralReefs

ENVIS Institutional Centres (Subject Specific)

347



6

7

8

9

10

Dr. RamakrishnaDirectorDr. T.K. PalENVIS CoordinatorZoological Survey of India(ZSI)Prani Vigyan Bhawan,M Block, New Alipore,Kolkata-700053,West Bengal

Prof. Gurdeep SinghENVIS CoordinatorCentre of Mining Environment (CME)Indian School of MinesDhanbad-826004,Jharkhand

Dr. S. DevottaDirectorDr. T. ChakrabortyENVIS CoordinatorNational Environmental EngineeringResearch Institute(NEERI)Nehru Marg,Nagpur-440020, Maharashtra

Dr. L.M.S. PalniDirectorDr. P.P. DhyaniENVIS CoordinatorG.B. Pant Institute of HimalayanEnvironment and DevelopmentKosi - KatarmalAlmora-263643,Uttarakhand

Dr. M. Sanjappa DirectorShri P.LakshminarasimhanENVIS CoordinatorBotanical Survey of India(BSI)ENVIS Centre on Floral DiversityCNH Building, 3rd Floor,Indian Botanic Garden,Howrah-711103West Bengal

Phone: 033-24008595,24006893, 24003925 (Extn. 292)Mobile: 9433325558,9433016738Fax: 033-24006893Email: [email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 0326-2296624Fax: 0326-2296624, 2296603Email: [email protected]


Phone: 05962-241041,241153(Extn.54), 241015Mobile: 09412092188,09720335427Fax: 05962-241014/15, 241150,241153Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 033-26683235, 26680667Fax: 033-26686226Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Faunal Biodiversity

EnvironmentalProblems ofMining

HazardousWaste

HimalayanEcology

Floral Biodiversity

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Shri Jagdish KiswanDirector GeneralShri Shalendra KaushikENVIS CoordinatorForest Research Institute(FRI)Indian Council of Forestry ResearchEducationNew forest - P.O.Dehradun-248006,Uttarakhand

Dr. P.R. SinhaDirectorDr. V.B. MathurENVIS CoordinatorWildlife Institute of India(WII)PO Box NO. 18, ChandrabaniDehradun-248001,Uttarakhand

Shri M.L. ArrawatiaSecretary, Dept. of Science & TechnologyShri Dorji Thinlay BhutiaENVIS CoordinatorMember Secretary & ENVIS In-chargeState Council of Science and Technologyfor Sikkim (SCSTS)Deorali, Gangtok-737 102, Sikkim

Dr. K.P.R. VittalDirectorDr. D.C. OjhaENVIS CoordinatorCentral Arid Zone Research Institute(CAZRI)Dr. Raheja LibraryJodhpur-342 003, Rajasthan

Dr. Paul P. AppasamyDirectorDr. K.S. Kavi Kumar ENVIS CoordinatorMadras School of Economics(MSE)Gandhi Mandampam RoadChennai-600 025,Tamil Nadu

Phone: 0135-2756414Fax: 0135-2756865Email: [email protected]

Phone: 0135-2640910, 2640304,2040111-14 (Extn.202)Fax: 0135-2640117Email: [email protected]

Phone: 03592-208940, 205551Fax: 0359-2208764, 2228764Email: [email protected]

Phone: 291-2740931, 2740706Fax: 291-3000361Email: [email protected],[email protected]


Forestry

Wildlife andProtected AreaManagement

Eco-Tourism

Desertification

EnvironmentalEconomics

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Prof. N. MunuswamyHon. Director/ ENVIS CoordinatorDepartment of Zoology - University ofMadrasLife Science Building,Guindy Campus,Chennai-600 025,Tamil Nadu

Dr. A. JaygovindDirectorDr. O.V. Nandimath ENVIS CoordinatorNational Law School of IndiaUniversity(NLSIU)Nagarbhavi,P.O.Box – 7201Bangalore-560 072,Karnataka

Prof. R. RameshDirectorInstitute for Ocean Management(IOM)Anna UniversityChennai-600 025,Tamil Nadu

Dr. B.N. GoswamiDirectorDr. Gufran Beig Scientist & ENVIS CoordinatorIndian Institute of Tropical Meteorology(IITM)Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan,Pune-411 008, Maharashtra

Dr. J.S. YadavDirectorDr. U.Suryanarayana Murthy ENVIS CoordinatorIndian Institute of ChemicalTechnology(IICT)Habsiguda,Uppal RoadHyderabad-500 007,Andhra Pradesh

Phone: 044-22300899Mobile: 09884171947,09444895145Fax: 044-22300899Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 080-23213160, 23211303Fax: 080-23217858Email: [email protected]

Phone: 044-22330108,22200159, 22203408Mobile: 9840966299Fax: 044-22200158Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 020-25893600(Extn. 261, 212)Mobile: 09423018580Fax: 020-25893825Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]



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Micro-organismsandenvironmentalmanagement

EnvironmentalLaw

CoastalRegulation ZoneManagement andCoastal ShelterBelts

Acid Rain andAtmosphericPollution

Bioinformatics -Vector Control

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Dr. M.O. GargDirectorDr. L.P. SinghENVIS CoordinatorCentral Building Research Institute (CBRI)Roorkee-247 667,Uttarakhand

Dr. R. TuliDirectorDr. Nandita SinghENVIS CoordinatorNational Botanical Research Institute(NBRI)Rana Pratap MargLucknow-226 001,Uttar Pradesh

Shri. Bharat P. JainMember SecretaryGujarat Cleaner Production Centre(GCPC)Block No.4, 3rd Floor,Udyog Bhawan, Sector-11,Gandhi Nagar-382 017,Gujarat

Prof. Arabinda Kumar DasVice ChancellorProf. S.C. SantraENVIS CoordinatorDepartment of Environmental Sciences(DES)Kalyani University, Kalyani Distt. NadiaWest Bengal - 741235

Prof. Shoben K. SahaDirectorProf. Meenakshi DhoteENVIS CoordinatorSchool of Planning and Architecture(SPA)4, BlockIndraprastha EstateNew Delhi-110002


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Fly Ash

Indicators of PlantPollution

CleanerProduction &Technology

EnvironmentalBiotechnology

Human Settlement

Phone: 01332-283442, 272391,2722432Mobile: 09837031050Fax: 01332-272272, 272543Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 0522-2205842(303),2205839 Mobile: 09415110314Fax: 0522-2205847Email: [email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 079-23243211,23225811-14Fax: 079-3244306Email: [email protected]


Phone: 011-23702393, 95Fax: 011-23702383Email: [email protected];[email protected]

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Phone: 011-26704315Fax: 26741502Email: [email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 03473 223256/7Extn. – 258, 033-25879772Fax: 033 25828460, 03473222275Email: [email protected];[email protected]


Phone: 011-41504791, 41504793Mobile: 9968061056Fax: 011-41504779, 24691226Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 079-2684474526844780,26858002-09, 26858011Fax: 079-26858010Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Biogeochemistry

BiosphereReserve

RenewableEnergy andEnvironment

NGOs andParliament

EnvironmentalEducation

Prof. V.K. JainENVIS CoordinatorSchool of Environmental SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University,New Delhi-110067

Prof. Deepak Kumar BagchiVice ChancellorProf. Subrata MaityENVIS-In-chargeBidhan Chandra Krishi ViswavidyalayaMohanpur,Nadia – 741252West Bengal

Dr. R.K. Pachauri Director GeneralShri P.K. BhattacharyaENVIS CoordinatorThe Energy Resources Institute(TERI)Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Centre,Lodi RoadNew Delhi-110 003, Delhi

Mr. Ravi Singh Secretary General and CEOShri G. AreendranDirectorWorld Wide Fund for Nature - India(WWF)Indira Gandhi Conservation MonitoringCentre (IGCMC),172-B, Lodhi Estate,New Delhi-110 003, Delhi

Shri. Kartikeya V. Sarabhai DirectorMr. Ramesh SavaliaENVIS CoordinatorCentre for Environment Education(CEE)Nehru Foundation for Development,Thaltej Tekra,Ahmedabad-380 054, Gujarat

ENVIS NGO Centres (Subject Specific)

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Shri Inderjit PalDirector GeneralShri S.H. BaquerENVIS CoordinatorEnvironment Protection Training andResearch Institute(EPTRI)91/4, Gachibowli,Hyderabad-500 032, Andhra Pradesh

Dr. N. Baskara Rao ChairmanMs. Alka TomarENVIS CoordinatorCentre for Media Studies(CMS)Research House,B-34, Community Centre, Saket,New Delhi-110 017, Delhi

Dr. Asad R. Rahmani DirectorBombay Natural Histroy Society(BNHS) Hornbill House, Dr. Salim Ali ChowkShaheed Bhagat Singh roadMumbai-400 001, Maharashtra

Shri Kalyan BoseHon. Director (Admn.)Mr. Jose EmmanuelENVIS CoordinatorConsumer Education and Research Centre(CERC)Suraksha Sankool,Thaltej, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway,Ahmedabad-380 054, Gujarat

Dr.(Mrs.) Nanditha C, KrishnaHon. DirectorCPR Environmental Education Centre (CPR)1 Eldams Road, Alwarpet,Chennai-600 018, Tamil Nadu

Dr. D.K. VedDirectorFoundation for Revitalization of LocalHealth Traditions (FRLHT)74/2, Jarakbande Kaval,Yelahanka, via Attu PO,Bangalore-560 064, Karnataka

Phone: 040-23001242,23000489, 23001707(D)Fax: 040-23000361Email: [email protected]


Phone: 022-22821811Fax: 022-22837615Email: [email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 079-27489945-46,27450528, 27451097Fax: 079-27489947Email: [email protected]


Phone: 080-28565847,28568007, 28565873Fax: 080-28565895Email: [email protected]

Eastern Ghats

Communicationand ElectronicMedia

Avian Ecology

Eco-Labeling andEco-FriendlyProducts

Conservation ofEcologicalHeritage andSacred Sites inIndia

Conservation ofMedicinal Plants

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Dr. Amiya Kumar SahuPresident/ ENVIS CoordinatorNational Solid Waste Association of India(NSWAI)B-703, Customs Colony A, Marol,Military Road, Andheri (E),Mumbai – 400 059

Dr. Bindeshwar PathakFounderDr. S. Nath Chairman cum Medical DirectorKumar Rajnish,Envis CoordinatorSulabh International Institute of Health andHygiene (Sulabh)Sulabh Bhawan,Mahavir Enclave,New Delhi-110 045, Delhi

Shri. K.G. RamanathanPresidentShri. T.K. Bandopadhyay ENVIS CoordinatorIndian Centre for Plastic in the Environment(ICPE)OLYMPUS House, 2nd Floor,25, Raghunath Dadaji Street(Near Fort House - Formerly HandloomHouse)Fort, Mumbai – 400 001

Dr. K.P. NyatiDirectorEnvironment Management Division –Confederation of Indian Industries (CII)India Habitat Centre4th Floor, Core4A, Lodhi RoadNew Delhi-110 003, Delhi

Dr. K.V. SwaminathanChairmanMr. S.R. AdigeENVIS CoordinatorWaterfalls Institute of Technology Transfer(WITT)J-29, NDSE Part-INew Delhi-110 049

Phone: 022-29207577Telefax: 022-29202951Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]


Phone: 022-22617137,22617165, 40022491Fax: 022-22617168Email: [email protected]

Phone: 011-24682230-35Fax: 011-24682229, 24682228Email: [email protected]

Phone: 011-24642269Fax: 011-24619083Email: [email protected],[email protected]

Municipal SolidWasteManagement

Hygiene,Sanitation,SewageTreatmentSystems andTechnology

Management ofPlastic, Polymersand Biopolymers

Industry -GovernmentEnvironmentalInterface

EnvironmentalAudit andAccounting

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Dr. P.A. AzeezDirectorDr. S. Narendra PrasadENVIS CoordinatorSalim Ali Centre for Ornithology andNatural History (SACON)Anaikatty P.O.Coimbatore-641 108, Tamil Nadu

Dr. F. RamDirectorDr. R.B. BhagatENVIS CoordinatorInternational Institute for PopulationSciences(IIPS)Govandi Station Road, Deonar,Mumbai-400 088, Maharashtra

Prof. B. Bhaskara RaoDirectorDr.(Mrs.) Papia LahiriENVIS CoordinatorCentre for Symbiosis of Technology,Environment and Management (STEM)Pocket B-10, Flat No. 7077,Vasant Kunj, New Delhi – 110070

Shri George C. VarughesePresidentMs. Sushmita DasENVIS CoordinatorDevelopment Alternatives111-Z/9, Kishangarh, Vasant Kunj,New Delhi – 110070

Dr. Desh BandhuPresidentIndian Environmental Society (IES)Vidhata House, Vikas Marg,Shakarpur, Delhi-110092

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Phone: 0422-2657101-105,2657086, 2657096Fax: 0422-2657088Email: [email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 022-25563254, 55, 56(Extn.112, 173), 25573943,25562062Mobile: 09869947264Fax: 022-25563257Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

Phone: 011-26122841,Mobile: 9350532857Email: [email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 011-26967938,26851158Fax: 0111-26130814Email: [email protected],[email protected]


WetlandEcosystem(including inlandwetlands)

Population,Human Settlementand Environment

Women andEnvironment: theirrole inpreservation andconservation ofenvironment

EnvironmentallySound &AppropriateTechnologies

Role ofPanchayats inEnvironment

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Mr. Rajeshwar Tiwari, IASDirectorDr. Razia SultanaENVIS CoordinatorEnvironment Protection Training andResearch Institute(EPTRI)91/4, Gachibowli,Hyderabad-500 032, Andhra Pradesh

Dr. Satyendra Kumar ChoudhuryDirectorShri Jaideep BaruahENVIS CoordinatorAssam Science, Technology andEnvironmental CouncilBigyan Bhawan, G.S. Road, Guwahati-781005, Assam

Shri. S.N. RaoMember SecretaryBihar State Pollution Control BoardBeltron Bhawan, 2nd Floor,Lal Bhadur Shastri Nagar,Patna-800 023, Bihar

Shri Anil Kumar SharmaMember SecretaryMr. A.P. SavantENVIS Coordinator, Asstt. Public RelationOfficerChhattisgarh Environment ConservationBoardNanak Niwas,Civil Lines,Raipur-492 001, Chhattisgarh

Mrs. Naini JayaseelanSecretary EnvironmentDr. B.C. SabataSenior Scientific OfficerDepartment of Environment - Govt. ofNCT of DelhiLevel-6, Wing-C,Delhi Secretariat,New Delhi-110 002, Delhi

Phone: 040-23001241, 23001242,23006472, 23000489 (Extn. 17),23001707(D)Fax: 040-23001241, 23000361Email: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

Phone: 0361-2464619Mobile: 09435032706,09435102089Telefax: 0361-2464617Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 0612-2281250, 2291709,2281050Fax: 0612-2291709, 2281050Email: [email protected]



Status ofEnvironment andRelated Issues





ENVIS Governmenrt Centres (State Government)


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Dr. N.P.S. VardeDirector/Jt. Secy. (STE)Dr. Mohan R. GirapENVIS CoordinatorDepartment of Science, Technology andEnvironmentSaligao Plateau,SaligaoBardez-403 511, Goa

Shri C.H. PandyaDirectorShri Nischal JoshiSr. Project ManagerGujarat Ecology Commission (GEC)Government of Gujarat,Block No.18/1, Udyog Bhavan,Sector-11, Gandhinagar-382017Gujarat

Dr. R.K. SoodHead of the OrganisationDr. Alka SharmaENVIS CoordinatorState Council for Science, Technologyand Environment (SCSTE)B-34, SDA Complex,Kasumpti, Shimla-171 009,Himachal Pradesh

Mrs. M.A.W. DevaENVIS CoordinatorDirectorate of Environment and RemoteSensingSDA Complex, Bemina, SrinagarPhone: 0194-2490823(May to October)1-D, Gandhi Nagar, JammuPhone: 0194-2438994(November to April)

Shri. A.K. MishraChief Conservator of Forests –cum- ChiefWildlife WardenShri Dharmendra KumarConservator of ForestWorking Plan and Research CouncilDoranda, Ranchi-834 002, Jharkhand


Phone: 079-23257658, 23257659Mobile: 09825030698Fax: 079-23257656Email: [email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 0177-2622490,2620998,2622923, 2633923Fax: 0177-2620998Email: [email protected]

Phone: 0194-2438994Telefax: 0194-2490823Email: [email protected]








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Mr. B. BasappaDirector GeneralShri Chakravarti MohanENVIS CoordinatorEnvironment Management & PolicyInstitute (EMPRI)Department of Forests, Environment andEcology, Govt. of Karnataka, HasiruBhawan, Doresanipalya,Forest Campus, Vinayaka Nagar Circle,J.P. Nagar, 5th Phase, Bangaluru-560078, Karnataka

Dr. E.P. YesodharanExecutive Vice PresidentDr. Kamalakshan KokkalPrincipal Scientific Officer & ENVISCoordinatorKerala State Council for Science,Technology and Environment (KSCSTE)Sasthra Bhawan, Pattom P.O.,Thiruvananthapuram-695 004, Kerala

Shri S.N. MishraExecutive DirectorDr. Rakesh Dubey DirectorDisaster Management Institute(DMI)Housing and Environment Department,Paryavaran Parisar,E-5,AreraColony,P.B.No.563,Bhopal-462 016, Madhya Pradesh

Dr. B.N. PatilENVIS CoordinatorEnvironment DepartmentNew Administrative Building, 15th Floor,Madam Cama Marg, Mantralaya,Mumbai-400 032, Maharashtra

Dr. M. Homeshowor SinghSenior Scientific OfficerDr. Y. Nabachandra SinghENVIS CoordinatorEnvironment and Ecology Office - Dept.of Environment and Forests,Government of Manipur,Porompat Imphal (East)-795 010, Manipur

Phone: 080- 26490746,26490747 22254377, 22092445Fax: 080-26490745, 22254377Email: [email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 0471-2543701-05Fax: 0471-2543558, 2540085Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 0755-2466715, 2461538,2461348, 5293592Fax: 0755-2466653Email: [email protected]

Phone: 022-22854707, 22855082Fax: 022-22025946Email: [email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 0385-2227625Mobile: 09862063880,09436038970Fax: 0385-2227625, 2446670Email: [email protected],[email protected]







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Mr. C. Lalduhawma Member Secretary & ENVIS CoordinatorMizoram Pollution Control Board,Silver House, Tuikhuahtlang,Aizwal-796 001,Mizoram

Dr. Seyiekhreipuo JohnExecutive DirectorDr. Inakhe SumiSenior Programme OfficerNagaland Institute of Health, Environmentand Social Welfare (NIHESW)Moses Complex, S-2,N.S.F., Martyr’s Park, Upper PWDKohima-797 001, Nagaland

Shri Bhagirathi BeheraDirectorShri Pravat Mohan DashENVIS CoordinatorCentre for Environmental Studies (CES)Forest & Environment Department,Government of Orissa,N-1/247, IRC Village, Nayapalli,Bhubaneswar-751 015, Orissa

Mr. N.S. TiwanaDirectorMs. Neelima Jerath ENVIS CoordinatorPunjab State Council for Science andTechnology(PSCST)MGSIPA Complex, Second Floor,Adj. Sacred Heart School, Sector-26Chandigarh-160 019,Punjab

Mr. Ashok JainChairpersonMr. Vijai SinghalENVIS CoordinatorRajasthan State Pollution Control Board4, Institutional Area,Jhalana Doongari,Jaipur-302 004,Rajasthan

Phone: 0389-2316590, 2326173,231184, 09436142012Fax: 0389-2316591, 2316590Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 0370-2245619, 2245566Mobile: 09436001470Fax: 0370-2240626, 2245615,2240180Mob: 09436010783Email: [email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 0674-2551853, 2390920,2551853Mobile: 09437011837,09438186037Fax: 0674-2553182Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 0172- 2793600Fax: 0172-2793143Email: [email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 0141-2705731, 2707285,2711263Fax: 0141-2709980Email: [email protected]







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Shri S.T. LachungpaPCCF-cum-SecretaryShri C. LachungpaConservator of Forests & ENVISCoordinatorENVIS Centre Sikkim,Forests, Environment & WildlifeManagement Department,Government of SikkimForest Secretariat Annex-II,Ground Floor, Room No.1101/1102,Deorali, Gangtok-737 102,Sikkim (East)

Thiru. T.S. SrinivasamurthyI.F.S, Director of EnvironmentDr. C.Thomson JacobSenior Programme OfficerDepartment of Environment, Governmentof Tamil Nadu#1, Jeenis Road, 4th Floor Down,Panagal Building, Saidapet,Chennai-600 015, Tamil Nadu

Prof. Mihir DebChairmanShri. Manas Mukherjee Executive Engineer & Project Co-ordinatorTripura State Pollution Control BoardVigyan Bhawan, Pandit Nehru Complex,Gorkhabasti, P.O. Kunjaban,Agartala-799 006, Tripura

Shri. Yashpal SinghDirectorShri R.K. SardanaENVIS CoordinatorEnvironment Directorate - Uttar PradeshVinit Khand-1, Gomti Nagar,Lucknow-226 020, Uttar Pradesh

Dr. T.B. SinghChief Environment OfficerShri Amarjeet Singh OberaiChief Environment OfficerUttarakhand Pollution Control BoardE-115, Nehru Colony, Hardwar Road,Dehradun-248 011, Uttarakhand







Phone: 0359-2280381, 2281778Fax: 0359-2280381, 2281778Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 044-24331243, 24336421Mobile: 09443243846,09003071833Fax: 044-24336594Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 0381-2225421,2328792,2300368®Fax: 0381-2225421Email: [email protected]



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Shri M.L. MeenaPrincipal SecretaryShri Arijit BanerjeeSenior Environment OfficerDepartment of Environment – Govt. ofWest BengalBlock ‘G’, 2nd Floor, 2nd Floor,Writers’ Buildings, Kolkata-700 001,West Bengal

Deputy SecretaryShri R.S. SinhaDCF, ENVIS CoordinatorDepartment of Environment and Forest -Andaman and NicobarVan Sadan, Haddo P.O.Port Blair-744 102, Andaman and Nicobar

Mr. Richard D’SouzaChairmanMr. Santosh SinghMember SecretaryDaman Pollution Control CommitteeMoti Daman,Daman-396 220, Daman and Diu

Shri. Ishwar SinghDirector,Mr. P.J.S. Dadhwal ENVIS CoordinatorDepartment of Environment – ChandigarhChandigarh Administration, Addl.TownHall Building, 2nd Floor, Sector 17-CChandigarh-160 001, Punjab

Shri M. ArunachalamMember SecretaryDr.K.SundaravadiveluENVIS CoordinatorPuducherry Pollution Control Committee,IIIrd Floor, Housing Board Building,Anna Nagar, Puducherry-605 005,Pondicherry


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Phone: 033-22141356,22141357,2214-5592Fax: 033-22145592, 22141356Email: [email protected]



Phone: 0172-27002840172-27000650172-3295436Fax: 0172- 2700149Email: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Phone: 0413-2201256Mobile: 09443716026,09442524264Fax: 0413-2203494Email: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected]

Published by Environmental Information System (ENVIS), Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India,New Delhi-110003 and Printed at Tara Art Printers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi-110002 Ph. : 011-23378626

Annual Report Ministry of Env

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Transcript of Annual Report Ministry of Env