ANNUAL REPORT 2018/19 - Home - SANBI · In conclusion, I take this opportunity to thank sanbI’s...

South African National Biodiversity InstituteBiodiversity for Life

ANNUAL REPORT2018/19

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South African National Biodiversity Institute

Table of conTenTsGeneral InformatIon ...................................................................................2abbreviations/acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Minister’s foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

chairperson’s statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

board of Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

chief executive officer’s Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

executive Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

legislative and other Mandates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

organisational structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

sanbI’s network of Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

strategic overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Performance InformatIon ...................................................................... 19Programme 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

administration

Programme 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

national botanical Gardens (nbGs)

Programme 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

foundational biodiversity information

Programme 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

biodiversity assessment and knowledge generation

Programme 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

biodiversity policy advice, climate resilience and access to information

Programme 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

biodiversity human capital development and education

Programme 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

national Zoological Garden

Performance aGaInst Pre-determIned objectIves ...................... 61Pre-determined objectives 2018/2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Pre-determined objectives 2017/2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Governance rePorts .................................................................................. 80Pre-determined corporate governance statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

annUal fInancIal statements ............................................................... 90

General Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 0

statement of Responsibility of the board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1

audit committee and Risk committee Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2

Report of the auditor-General of south africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4

annexure–auditor-General’s responsibility for the audit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 0

Report of the accounting authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 1

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Annual Report I 2018/19

GeneRal InfoRMaTIonname: south african national biodiversity Institute (sanbI)

reGIstratIon nUmbers and/or other relevant nUmbers (e.G. fsP):

sanbI is a Public entity established in terms of the national

environmental Management: biodiversity act of 2004 (no. 10 of 2004)

head offIce address: 2 cussonia avenue, brummeria, Pretoria, 0002

Postal address: Private bag X101, silverton, 0184

contact telePhone nUmbers: 012 843 5200

emaIl address: [email protected]

WebsIte address: www.sanbi.org

external aUdItor: auditor General of south africa, 17 Park lane building, Park lane,

century city

bank: nedbank, 135 Rivonia Road sandown, sandton, 2196

board secretary: Ms lebogang Ralepeli

Table of conTenTs

statement of financial Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 4

statement of financial Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 5

statement of changes in net assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 6

cash flow statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 7

statement of comparison of budgets and actual amounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 8

accounting Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 0

notes to the financial statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 4

The following supplementary information does not form part of the financial statements and

is unaudited: annexure a - Project sponsorships and donations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 0

annUal fInancIal statements (contInUed) ..................................... 90

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abbRevIaTIons/acRonyMs

bGcIbotanic Gardens conservation International

bGIs biodiversity Geographical Information system

bhcdbiodiversity Human capital Development

bmP biodiversity Management Plan

botsoc botanical society of south africa

c.a.P.e. cape action for People and the environment

caPs curriculum assessment Policy statements

cathsseta culture arts, Tourism, Hospitality & sport sector education & Training authority

cbd convention on biological Diversity

ccba climate change and bio-adaptation Division

cePf critical ecosystem Partnership fund

coP conference of the Parties

creW custodians for Rare and endangered Wildflowers

csIr council for scientific and Industrial Research

daff Department of agriculture, forestry and fisheries

dbe Department of basic education

dbsa The Development bank of southern africa

dea/deff Department of environmental affairs/Department of environment, forestry and fisheries*

dG Director General

dstDepartment of science and Technology

dWs Department of Water and sanitation

eaP employee assistance Programme

eba ecosystem-based adaptation

ecIceastern cape Implementation committee

ecPta eastern cape Parks & Tourism agency

eIa environmental Impact assessment

ePWP expanded Public Works Programme

eWt endangered Wildlife Trust

fP6 framework Programme 6

GbIf Global biodiversity Information facility

Gef Global environment facility

GIZDeutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit

Gm Genetically Modified

Gmo Genetically Modified organisms

GsPc Global strategy for Plant conservation

haWk Hangklip art Week

hcd Human capital Development

hrd Human Resources Development

IPbesIntergovernmental science-Policy Platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services

IPcc Intergovernmental Panel on climate change

IUcn International Union for conservation of nature

kra Key Result areas

ltsm learner Teacher support Material

mec Member of the executive council

mInIsassMini stream assessment scoring system

moa Memorandum of agreement

moP Member of the Parties

moU Memorandum of Understanding*Dea until May 2019; Deff from June 2019

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Proecoserve Project for ecosystem services

sabaP2 southern african bird atlas Project 2

sabIfsouth african biodiversity Information facility

saIabsouth african Institute for aquatic biodiversity

sanbIsouth african national biodiversity Institute

sanParks south african national Parks

sarchIThe south african Research chairs Initiative

sars south african Revenue services

sIs skills Intelligence system

taUTechnical assistance Unit of national Treasury

toPs Threatened or Protected species

UkZn University of KwaZulu-natal

UndPUnited nations Development Programme

UnePUnited nations environment Programme

UnfcccUnited nations framework convention on climate change

UnoPsThe United nations office for Project services

UWc University of the Western cape

WessaWildlife and environment society of southern africa

WsP Workplace skills Plan

WWf-sa World Wildlife fund-south africa

msb Millennium seed bank (UK)

mstP Master systems Technology Plan

mta Material Transfer agent

mtefMedium-Term expenditure framework

mtI Marine Trophic Index

nba national biodiversity assessment

nbf national biodiversity framework

nbG national botanical Garden

ndf non-Detriment findings

ndP national Development Plan

nehaWUnational education, Health and allied Workers’ Union (south africa)

nembanational environmental Management: biodiversity act

nfePanational freshwater ecosystem Priority areas

nGo non-Governmental organisation

nGP new Growth Path

nIe national Implementing entity

nrf national Research foundation

nrm natural Resource Management

od organisation Development

ohs occupational Health and safety

PaaZaPan african association of Zoos and aquaria

Pes Payment for ecosystem services

PGWcProvincial Government of the Western cape


MInIsTeR’s foReWoRDIt is a pleasure to present the 2018/19 annual Report for

the south african national biodiversity Institute.

This is the body mandated by the national environmental

Management: biodiversity act (no. 10 of 2004) to explore,

reveal, celebrate and champion biodiversity for the benefit

and enjoyment of all south africans. This includes giving

effect to international agreements, and cooperative

governance arrangements directed at ensuring the

country’s rich and varied biodiversity is conserved for

future generations.

south africa is one of the mega-diverse countries in the

world. This provides endless opportunities for millions

of people to experience the beauty and bounty of our

magnificent country through visits to sanbI’s national

botanical and zoological gardens. These visits promote

tourism and add to economic growth.

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In the past year, sanbI and the then Ministries of

environmental affairs and Tourism had an opportunity

to unveil the sisulu circle at the Walter sisulu national

botanical Garden in July 2018–a historic moment

honouring south africa’s struggle icon, the late Walter

sisulu. The 276 ha Walter sisulu national botanical Garden

was established in 1982 as the Witwatersrand national

botanical Garden. as one of sanbI’s network of 10

national botanical gardens it was renamed in honour of

the life and work of the late Water sisulu in 2004.

amongst other achievements by sanbI in the past

financial year have been the:

• Transfer of the national Zoological Gardens in Pretoria

from the national Research foundation of the then

Department of science and Technology to sanbI on

1 april 2018.

• Publication of The Status of Biological Invasions and

their Management in South Africa–a milestone for

south africa. It is the first comprehensive national-

scale assessment of the status of biological invasions

and their management and a first in the world.

• further investment in the Groen sebenza Programme

allowing an intake of 39 graduate beneficiaries.

• approval of the sanbI Gardens expansion strategy

for 2016 to 2030 and the creation of a system for other

botanical gardens in south africa to be associated

with sanbI.

The Institute has also fulfilled several strategic national

processes, demonstrating the relevance of biodiversity

beyond the environmental sector, as well as the credibility

and usefulness of our science-based policy inputs.

sanbI remains an Institute of good standing, with a

reputation for its contribution to science and policy

nationally and globally. I wish to thank the sanbI board,

management, staff and their strategic partners in the

biodiversity sector for their hard work in the past financial

year.

barbara creecy

Minister of environment, forestry and fisheries

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The south african national biodiversity Institute

champions the exploration, conservation, sustainable

use, appreciation and enjoyment of south africa’s

exceptionally rich biodiversity for all people.

I am presenting the achievements of the 2018/19 financial

year. This marks an era going beyond the founding of

south african national biodiversity Institute (sanbI)

more than ten years ago. sanbI contributes to south

africa’s sustainable development by facilitating access to

biodiversity data, generating information and knowledge,

building capacity and providing policy advice. sanbI also

manages national botanical and zoological gardens for

the country.

These gardens offer unique experiences to explore the

rich biodiversity and nature through abundant plant and

animal species, birding spots, educational facilities, hiking

trails, biking routes, restaurant and recreation facilities,

including bookshops.

successes for the past year include:

• Progress in sanbI’s role as the national Implementing

entity of the Global adaptation funds. sanbI was

re-accredited with the adaptation funding in March

2019 for a further 5-year period.

cHaIRPeRson’s sTaTeMenT

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public on the science of life (awareness, education and

communications).

I am humbled and honoured that sanbI had the

opportunity to launch the sisulu circle at the Walter

sisulu national botanical Garden, we celebrated the

centenary of both Tata nelson Rolihlahla Mandela and

Ma albertina sisulu on that day. This garden plays an

important conservation role, not least the protection of

one of the few remaining populations of the endangered

albertina sisulu orchid in Gauteng (an orchid that is

being threatened by pending housing developments and

uncontrolled recreational vehicle activities), the garden

also popularly hosts a breeding pair of verreaux’s eagles,

including nearly 250 bird species.

I wish to thank the Ministry of environmental affairs and

the Parliamentary Portfolio committee on environmental

affairs for the confidence they placed in sanbI during

the period under review. I am particularly thankful to the

late Dr edna Molewa for her leadership in advocating the

value of biodiversity for economic and social prosperity

across the globe. My appreciation is extended to both

Ministers Hanekom and Mokonyane who led sanbI as

the Honourable Ministers for environmental affairs in the

2018/2019 financial year.

I extend my gratitude to the previous sanbI board whose

term of office ended on 30 september 2018, as well

the current board Members for their wise counsel and

commitment in ensuring the integrity of sanbI’s strategic

direction.

I am honoured to be entrusted with the responsibility

to lead and guide the sanbI team in delivering on its

mandate. I am particularly appreciative of the professional

attitude coupled with the dedication demonstrated

in executing the Institute’s strategy, shown by the

ceo, executive and staff. They have worked tirelessly in

striving to achieve the goals of the Institute.

In conclusion, I take this opportunity to thank sanbI’s

stakeholders and partners for their generous and

unwavering support, enabling sanbI to deliver on its

mandate.

ms beryl ferGUson

chairperson: sanbI board

• launching the $7.2 million ecological Infrastructure

for Water security project in May 2018: the project

is funded by the Global environmental facility. It is

implemented with the support of the Development

bank of southern africa in collaboration with the

Department of environmental affairs, as well as

the Department of Water and sanitation. It aims to

enhance organizational capacity and investment in

ecological infrastructure to improve water security

in two demonstration catchments, namely, the berg-

breede and the greater uMngeni catchment areas.

• sanbI’s role as a Direct access accredited entity of

the Green climate fund (Gcf): the largest operating

entity of the United nations framework convention

on climate change. Gcf finances projects aimed

at responding to climate change; sanbI leads a

comprehensive process to call for and identify project

proposals for development into full submissions to the

Gcf.

• sanbI was part of the south african delegation that participated in the 14th conference of Parties of the convention on biological Diversity held in egypt in november 2018. sanbI utilized the opportunity to profile its work on mainstreaming biodiversity to production sectors and policies of government, further demonstrating the contribution of biodiversity to social and economic well-being. This included a celebration of south africa’s 20 newly declared Marine Protected areas, which increased the area of south africa’s marine environment under formal protection

from 0.4 per cent to 5 per cent.

• Making a significant contribution to developing

human capital and supporting transformation ‘for

the biodiversity sector’; in total sanbI provided

professional development and post-graduate super-

vision for 242 young professionals.

overall, the board had fulfilled its responsibilities

towards advising the Ministers’ of environmental affairs,

including the biodiversity sector, on the management

and conservation of biological resources in accordance

with the mandate of the Institute. In 2018 the mandate

of the Institute was further enhanced by the transfer of

the national Zoological Gardens to fall under sanbI. The

objectives of the national Zoological Gardens include

building a center of research and training excellence

and an authoritative source of scientific information on

the biodiversity of wild animals and their ecosystems,

including creating a dynamic platform for engaging the

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boaRD of DIRecToRs

dr crispian olver

ms beryl ferguson Board Chairperson

ms judy hermans

ms limpho makotoko

ms ntsoaki mngomezulu

Prof. brian van Wilgenms thandiwe Godongwana

ms venete klein

dr thulani luthuli

dr yonah seleti

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evidence required to support policies and decisions

relating to better management and conservation of south

africa’s biological diversity. sanbI played the unique role

within biodiversity sector of linking scientific knowledge

with direct policy advice.

Highlights for the past year include:

• Good progress in the implementation of sanbI’s

Department of environmental affairs-funded

Infrastructure Programme, with significant investment

being made into improving and refurbishing buildings

and related infrastructure (such as roads, pathways,

parking areas, security infrastructure, bridges, irrigation

and sewerage systems), information technology

infrastructure, as well as research equipment and

vehicle recapitalisation.

• significant investment into maintenance and

improvement of nature-based tourism infrastructure

across national botanical and zoological gardens

and research facilities with the support from the

Departments of environmental affairs and Tourism, as

well as donor funding. This included the completion

of new environmental education centres in the Karoo

Desert, and Harold Porter national botanical gardens.

I am pleased to report on the south african national

biodiversity Institute’s achievements and obligations for

the 2018/2019 financial year.

In the past year the south african national biodiversity

Institute fulfilled its primary mandate generating,

coordinating and interpreting the knowledge and

cHIef eXecUTIve offIceR’s RePoRT

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effort of approximately 17 000 days, contributed by

more than 410 individuals from over 80 institutions.

The council for scientific and Industrial Research

and nelson Mandela University played particularly

important roles in the nba 2018 through leading the

inland aquatic, estuarine and coastal components.

• sanbI’s contribution to the africa strategy for the

Global biodiversity Information facility (GbIf). sanbI

is africa’s regional representative and leads the GbIf-

africa network. as part of its obligations in this role,

sanbI participated in a number of international

GbIf meetings. sanbI also participated in the GbIf

Governing board meeting in Ireland, as part of the

south african delegation led by DsT, where sanbI

presented on its collaborative work across the

continent to support the data-science-policy value

chain.

• Implementing the wishes of the last Will and

Testament of the late Ms Joan Kathleen boteville

Wrench, which included Kirstenbosch national

botanical Garden (KnbG) as a beneficiary through

legacy projects.

• celebrating the successful transition of the fundisa

for change Programme to sanbI this year.

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the then Ministers

for environmental affairs, the late Dr edna Molewa

and Ms nomvula Mokonyane; the Director General for

environmental affairs, and Ms nosipho ngcaba and her

team for all the support they have given to sanbI during

the financial year under review.

I extend my gratitude to the sanbI board chair Ms beryl

ferguson and the entire board for their unwavering

support, commitment and leadership.

I wish to thank sanbI staff for their dedication and hard

work, as well as our network of partners and stakeholders

for the support given to sanbI in the year under review

which went a long way in contributing to the entity

meeting its 2018/2019 targets.

• new and upgraded administration buildings,

maintenance of natural estates and wetland habitats

with the support from Working for Wetlands and

the Department of environmental affairs expanded

Public Works Programme, as well as upgrades to the

national Herbaria.

• The appointment of Prof. John Donaldson, a respected

sanbI staff member as the co-chair of the Global

assessment on the sustainable use of wild species

by the Intergovernmental science-Policy Platform

on biodiversity and ecosystem services (IPbes). The

assessment involves 87 experts from 40 countries and

will take three years to complete.

• supporting the south african delegations in the

completion of several international reporting

requirements for international conventions that

south africa is signatory to. sanbI compiled the 6th

national Report to the convention on biological

Diversity (cbD), which highlights key activities and

progress made in achieving the cbD objectives and

targets at a national level. sanbI also supported the

development of the Dea-led country Report to the

United nations convention to combat Desertification

(UnccD). The country report outlines progress

towards the achievement of the strategic objectives

of the UnccD, related to the condition of ecosystems

and populations, drought, global environmental

benefits and the mobilisation resources to support

the implementation of the convention.

• Implementing our commitment to the adopted

‘managed network’ institutional model, which

consists of partner organisations, institutions and

bodies with whom sanbI has (or should have) formal

agreements that contribute towards delivering on

sanbI’s mandate. Through the network we were able

to harness and engage with the extensive range of

biodiversity expertise in south africa.

• completion of the national biodiversity assessment

(nba) 2018. The nba is the primary tool for monitoring

and reporting on the state of biodiversity in south

africa, and is the third such assessment for south

africa (previous iterations were in 2004 and 2011).

each nba builds on years of research and innovation

by south african scientists. The nba 2018 assesses

knowledge up to 2018 and will be published for

public release in 2019. The process to develop nba

2018 began in 2015. It represents a collaborative

dr moshIbUdI ramPedI

chief executive officer

south african national biodiversity Institute

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eXecUTIve ManaGeMenT

dr m. rampediChief Executive Officer

dr mandy barnettLeader: Climate Change

c. k. WillisChief Director: Conservation

Gardens and Tourism

l. sitholeChief Financial Officer

m. e. khoahliChief Corporate Officer:

Corporate Services

l. dlaminiDirector: Marketing and

Communication

m. j. netshiomboChief Director: Human Resources

k. e. mazeChief Director: Biodiversity

Information and Policy Advice

l. v. ralepeliDirector: CEO Office and Board

Secretary

c. h. mbizvoHead: Biodiversity Science and

Policy Advice

Prof. r. sebolaChief Director: Biosystematics

and Collections

t. mutshinyaloMANCO representative to EXCO

Prof. j. s. donaldsonChief Director: Biodiversity Research, Assessment and

Monitoring

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The south african national biodiversity Institute was

established in terms of section 10(1) of the national

biodiversity Management: biodiversity act (act no. 10

of 2004). sanbI is a public entity in terms of section

38(1) (m) of the Public finance Management act. It is

classified as a schedule 3a entity, i.e. one that will receive

substantial support from the national Revenue fund.

section 2 of neMba stipulates that sanbI’s purpose is to

assist in achieving the objectives of the biodiversity act.

section 2 sets the further objectives of the act, i.e.:

(a) within the framework of the National Environmental

Management Act, to provide for:

(i) the management and conservation of biological

diversity within the Republic and of the components

of such biological diversity;

(ii) the use of indigenous biological resources in a

sustainable manner; and

(iii) the fair and equitable sharing among stakeholders

of benefits arising from bio-prospecting involving

indigenous biological resources;

(b) to give effect to ratified international agreements relating

to biodiversity, which are binding on the Republic;

(c) to provide for co-operative governance in biodiversity

management and conservation; and

(d) to provide for a South African National Biodiversity

Institute.

sanbI’s mandate comes from the national environmental

Management: biodiversity act no. 10 of 2004: section 11.

fUnctIons

(1) the Institute:

(a) must monitor and report regularly to the Minister on:

1. the status of the Republic’s biodiversity;

2. the conservation status of all listed threatened or

protected species and listed ecosystems; and

3. the status of all listed invasive species;

(b) must monitor and report regularly to the Minister on

the impact of any genetically modified organism that

has been released into the environment including

the impact on non-target organisms and ecological

processes, indigenous biological resources and the

biological diversity of species used for agriculture;

(c) must act as an advisory and consultative body on

matters relating to biodiversity to organs of state and

other biodiversity stakeholders;

(d) must co-ordinate and promote the taxonomy of

south africa’s biodiversity;

(e) must manage, control and maintain all national

botanical gardens;

(f ) must manage, control and maintain:

1. herbaria; and

2. collections of dead animals that may exist;

(g) must establish facilities for horticulture display,

environmental education, visitor amenities and

research;

(h) must establish, maintain, protect and preserve

collections of plants in national botanical gardens and

in herbaria;

(i) may establish, maintain, protect and preserve

collections of animals and micro-organisms in

appropriate enclosures;

(j) must collect, generate, process, co-ordinate and

disseminate information about biodiversity and the

sustainable use of indigenous biological resources

and establish and maintain databases in this regard;

(k) must allow, regulate or prohibit access by the public

to national botanical gardens, herbaria and other

places under the control of the Institute and supply

plants, information, meals or refreshments or render

other services to visitors;

(l) must undertake and promote research on indigenous

biodiversity and the sustainable use of indigenous

biological resources;

leGIslaTIve anD oTHeR ManDaTes

14


(m) must coordinate and implement programmes for:

1. the rehabilitation of ecosystems; and

2. the prevention, control or eradication of listed

invasive species; must coordinate programmes to

involve civil

society in:

1. the conservation and sustainable use of

indigenous biological resources; and

2. the rehabilitation of ecosystems;

(n) on the Minister’s request, must assist him or her

in the performance of duties and the exercise of

powers assigned to the Minister in terms of this act;

(o) on the Minister’s request, must advise him or her on

any matter regulated in terms of this act, including:

1. the implementation of this act and any

international agreements affecting biodiversity

which are binding on the Republic;

2. the identification of bioregions and the contents

of any bioregional plans;

3. other aspects of biodiversity planning;

4. the management and conservation of biological

diversity; and

5. the sustainable use of indigenous biological

resources;

(p) on the Minister’s request, must advise him or her

on the declaration and the management of, and

development in, national protected areas;

(q) must perform any other duties:

1. assigned to it in terms of this act; or

2. as may be prescribed.

(2) When the Institute in terms of subsection (1)

gives advice on a scientific matter, it may consult any

appropriate organ of state or other institution, which has

expertise in that matter;

48. (3) the Institute must:

(a) assist the Minister and others involved in the

preparation of the national biodiversity framework, a

bioregional plan or a biodiversity management plan

to comply with subsection (1); and

(b) make recommendations to organs of state or

municipalities referred to in subsection (2); align

their plans referred to in that subsection with the

national biodiversity framework and any applicable

bioregional plan.

60. (2) The Institute must provide logistical, administrative

and financial support for the proper functioning of the

scientific authority.

sanbI Is also resPonsIble for the folloWInG reGUlatIons In terms of nemba:

• Threatened or Protected species Regulations;

• convention on International Trade in endangered

species of Wild fauna and flora Regulations;

• Draft alien and Invasive species Regulations.

Underpinning the successful implementation of

provisions of neMba is the submission of scientific

evidence to support policy and decision making relating

to the conservation and management of biodiversity and

the impacts of and adaptation to climate change.

Key priorities are also derived from official sources that

identify issues with a high relevance to policy, such as, the

national biodiversity strategy and action Plan (nbsaP),

the national biodiversity framework (nbf), government

delivery agreements, and other national priorities (e.g.,

wildlife trade, the green economy), and specific mandates

such as provided by the White Paper on the national

climate change Response Policy (nccRP).

sanbI manaGes Its hUman resoUrces throUGh the folloWInG leGIslatIon:

• labour Relations act no. 66 of 1995;

• basic conditions of employment act no. 75 of 1997;

• employment equity act no. 55 of 1998;

• skills Development act no. 97 of 1998;

• skills Development levies act no. 9 of 1999;

• occupational Health and safety act no. 85 of 1993;

• compensation for occupational Injuries and Diseases

act no. 130 of 1993.

The Institute also complies with the Public finance

Management act and relevant Treasury regulations.

15


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biodiversity assessment & monitoring

biodiversity education & empowerment

biodiversity Information management & Planning

human resources management

Zoological systematics

Information technology

financial management

biological Invasions

national botanical Gardens

biological Infrastructure

biosystematics & collections Initiatives

Governance, compliance & risk management

scm & assets management

commercial services and business development

conservation & animal collections

horticulture, hygiene, & environment department

finance, compliance & risk management

research & scientific services

human resources management & organizational development

supply chain management

engineering and technical services

conservation education & Public engagement in science

ceo office and board secretary

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16


sanbI’s neTWoRK of PaRTneRscollaboratIons WIth natIonal dePartments/entItIesDepartment of agriculture, forestry and fisheries (Daff) national Department of Tourism

Department of environmental affairs (Dea) national Research foundation (nRf)

Department of Rural Development and land Reform

(DRDlR)

south african local Government association (salGa)

Department of science and Technology (DsT) south african national Parks (sanParks)

Department of Water and sanitation (DWs) south african national Roads agency limited (sanRal)

Development bank of sa (Dbsa) south african Weather service (saWs)

expanded Public Works Programme (ePWP) statistics south africa

collaboratIons WIth ProvIncIal dePartmentscapenature

eastern cape Department of economic Development, environmental affairs and Tourism (DeDeaT)

eastern cape Parks and Tourism agency (ecPTa)

ezemvelo KZn Wildlife (eKZnW)

free state Department of Tourism, environmental and economic affairs

Gauteng Department of agriculture and Rural Development (GDaRD)

limpopo Department of economic Development, environment and Tourism (leDeT)

Mpumalanga Department of agriculture, Rural Development, land and environmental affairs

Mpumalanga Tourism & Parks agency

north West Department of agriculture, conservation, environment and Rural Development

northern cape Department of environment and nature conservation

Western cape Department of environmental affairs and Development Planning

collaboratIons WIth mUnIcIPalItIesbuffalo city Metropolian Municipality (bcMM) Midvaal Municipality

cape Winelands District Municipality Mopani District Municipality

city of cape Town Msunduzi Municipality

city of Tshwane nelson Mandela bay Municipality

ekurhuleni Municipality nketoana local Municipality

ehlanzeni District Municipality overstrand Municipality

eThekwini Municipality setsoto local Municipality

Gamtoos Irrigation board uMgungundlovu District Municipality

collaboratIons WIth research centresagricultural Research council (aRc) south african Institute of aquatic biodiversity (saIab)

albany Museum south african Medical Research council

chrysalis academy south african Wildlife college

coaltech Research association south african environmental observatory network (saeon)

council for Geoscience stellenbosch University (sU)

council for scientific and Industrial Research (csIR) The KwaZulu-natal Museum

Durban natural science Museum Tshwane University of Technology (TUT)

east london Museum University of cape Town (UcT)

forestry and agricultural biotechnology Institute (fabI) University of Johannesburg (UJ)

Glen agricultural college University of KwaZulu-natal (UKZn)

Iziko Museums of sa University of Mpumalanga

national Museum, bloemfontein University of Pretoria (UP)

national Research foundation (nRf) University of south africa (UnIsa)

17


collaboratIons WIth research centresnelson Mandela Metropolitan University (nMMU) University of the Western cape (UWc)

north-West University University of the Witwatersrand (WITs)

Port elizabeth Museum University of venda (UnIven)

Rhodes University Water Research commission (WRc)

University of the free state

collaboratIons WIth non-Governmental orGanIsatIons/bUsInessesadaptation network Kwelera nature Reserve Proprietary limited

association for Water and Rural Development (aWaRD) Kruger to canyons biosphere Reserve

birdlife south africa lepidopterists’ society of africa

botanical society of south africa livinglands

brenton blue Trust (bbT) national business Initiative

cape Horticultural society (cHs) ncc - environmental services

cape West coast biosphere Reserve ncT forestry cooperative ltd

conservation south africa Proteus Initiative

Duzi uMngeni conservation Trust (DUcT) The southern african foundation for the conservation of

coastal birds (sanccob)

endangered Wildlife Trust (eWT) sappi

environmental Monitoring Group (eMG) south african association of botanists (saab)

forestry south africa south african association for Marine biological Research

(saaMbR)

Gondwana alive south african cities network (sacn)

Greater cederberg fire Protection association (GcfPa) sustainable energy africa nPc (sea)

Greater stutterheim fire Protection association Table Mountain fund (TMf)

Greenmatter The Garden Route botanical Garden

Groundtruth The Wildlife and environment society of south africa (Wessa)

IcleI - local Governments for sustainability Waterberg biosphere Reserve

Indigo Development and change Wildlands conservation Trust

Institute of natural Resources World Wide fund for nature south africa (WWf-sa)

Isimangaliso Wetland Park authority

collaboratIons WIth InternatIonal entItIes

The american Museum of natural History JRs conabio

biodiversity observation network (bon)-Development

Working Group

ocean conservancy

botanic Gardens conservation International (bGcI) Royal botanic Gardens, Kew

Millennium seed bank Partnership (MsbP) Royal botanic Garden, edinburgh

Missouri botanical Garden Royal Horticultural society (RHs)

norwegian environment agency Joint ethno-botanical Research advocacy – Uganda (JeRa)

United nations environment Programme (UneP) International Union for conservation of nature (IUcn)

University of exeter The american Museum of natural History

Universite Pierre et Marie curie critical ecosystems Partnership fund (cePf)

United nations Development Programme (UnDP) Missouri botanical Gardens

Global environment facility (Gef) adaptation fund

UneP World conservation Monitoring centre Green climate fund

Un statistics Division

18


sanbI was established in 2004, as a statutory organisation under the national environmental Management: biodiversity

act (act 10 of 2004) (neMba). sanbI has a broad mandate that is primarily derived from neMba act, but also from other

legislation and processes over the past decade. sanbI is a public entity under the national Department of environmental

affairs (Dea) that manages the country’s network of national botanical and zoological gardens as biodiversity centres.

sanbI provides invaluable science-based support for Dea to make sound policy decisions to protect and conserve the

country’s natural assets.

oUr vIsIon oUr mIssIon oUr valUes

sanbI’s vision is biodiversity

richness for all south africans.

To champion the exploration,

conservation, sustainable use,

appreciation and enjoyment of

south africa’s exceptionally rich

biodiversity for all people.

sanbI is guided by the following

organisational values which spell

out ‘uGreat’

UbUntU GroWth resPect and tolerance

harnessing, caring, sharing and

being in harmony with all of

creation.

nurturing and empowering

teams and individuals to grow

and reach their true potential

creating open, honest

relationships built on trust,

mutual respect, dignity and

fairness anD valuing and

accepting individuals and

diversity.

excellence accoUntabIlIty toGetherness

providing service excellence

through passion and

professionalism.

taking pride and responsibility

in our work and caring for our

environment and communities.

through collaboration we change

the world.

sTRaTeGIc oveRvIeW

19


PeRfoRManceInfoRMaTIon

20


emPloyee ProfIle as at 31 march 2019

race/Gender am af cm cf Im If Wm Wf totalnumber 423 303 76 74 5 14 46 70 1011

Per cent 41.8% 30.0% 7.5% 7.3% 0.5% 1.4% 4.6% 6.9% 100

aPPoIntments as at 31 march 2019

race/Gender am af cm cf Im If Wm Wf totalnumber 25 39 2 4 2 2 0 3 77

Per cent 32.5% 50.6% 2.6% 5.2% 2.6% 2.6% 0% 3.9% 100

am african Male cm coloured Male Im Indian Male Wm White Male

af african female cf coloured female If Indian female Wf White female

and communication; and information communication

technology (IcT) services. This Programme is designed to

ensure that sanbI is effective, efficient, accountable and

responds successfully to changing conditions.

The Institute continued to be committed in managing

risks; maintaining effective, efficient and transparent

systems of risk management and internal controls.

furthermore efforts were made to promote good ethical

conduct necessary to combat and prevent fraud and

corruption, implementing risk management strategies,

promoting occupational health and safety measures,

proper delegation of authority, proper management

of information, communication, technology and other

mechanisms required to entrench good governance.

hUman resoUrces

In the year under review 29 scientists and horticulturists

on a career ladder submitted portfolios for potential

promotion, of these nine were promoted. sanbI has 45

scientists and 22 horticulturists on a career ladder. The

purpose of the career ladder is to have a system that

rewards excellence and productivity and encourages

development of scientists and horticulturists to reach

their full potential. The career ladder for scientists was

implemented in 2012 and for the horticulturists in 2015.

administrationPUrPose

Render effective and efficient corporate services.

strateGIc objectIves

• sanbI is positioned as an employer of choice in the biodiversity sector;

• Implement an effective, efficient and transparent supply chain and financial management system as regulated by PfMa;

• Improved financial sustainability of the Institute;

• effective corporate services rendered to achieve the mandate of sanbI; and

• building a compelling brand for all stakeholders.

key Performance areas

• Human Resources;

• Marketing and communication; and

• Information communications Technologies.

ProGramme Performance

This programme represents the support areas which underpin all of sanbI’s operational activities, which include human resources management; marketing

PRoGRaMMe 1


21

father’s Day concerts, a series of oasis concerts, movie

nights, family braai Day, capital craft beer festival,

biltong & boerewors festival, the annual UP spring Day

function, Help seniors Walks, adventure bootcamp for

Women, cosmo Run, Parkruns, lunar night runs, banting

markets and an outdoor film festival. Walter sisulu nbG

events hosted during the year included the african bird

fair (birdlife sa), Movie nights hosted by africa sky

cinema, easter egg Hunt, Mother’s Day concert, father’s

Day market, art in the Garden, Kaya fM #familyDay (in

partnership with african bank) and a stargazing event.

summer sunset concerts were hosted in Kirstenbosch

nbG (november to March) and the Harold Porter nbG

in December/January 2018. The Kirstenbosch concert

season ended on 31 March 2019. The number of visitors

to the Kirstenbosch summer sunset concerts grew

by 12%, from 81 925 during the summer of 2017/18 to

91 602 this past summer. significant growth was seen in

the numbers of black and coloured visitors, with

performers like black Motion, lady Zamar, Mafikizolo,

amanda black and sun el Musician performing at

Kirstenbosch for the first time. International performers

during the concert season included James, James

Morrison and bonobo, all from the UK. The annual Winter

Wonders at Kirstenbosch programme was held during

the winter school holidays in Kirstenbosch.

The use of digital media gained more prominence and

social media statistics indicates the year-on-year increase

in terms of social media following and clicks per view.

facebook, Twitter and Instagram grew exponentially in

terms of the numbers of ‘likes’, ‘follows’ and shares. To date,

sanbI has 4 874 facebook friends, 5 579 Twitter followers

and 1 314 Instagram followers, these numbers exclude

garden specific followers. During the year under review

sanbI generated advertising value equivalent (ave) of

R20 464 778.59. The sisulu circle unveiling alone

generated an ave of R1 085 772.59. overall media

coverage for the year under review is R21 550 551.18,

emanating from coverage received through broadcast,

online, social media and print resulting in PR value of

R55 137 018.00.

InformatIon commUnIcatIons technoloGIes

The integration of the nZG into sanbI presented IcT

requirements. The standardisation of priority systems

(email and finance) has successfully been transitioned.

To enhance communication and collaborative

technology platforms for effective engagement with

all its stakeholders the IcT Division have enhanced

communications capability between all its stakeholders

ProfessIonal develoPment tally for 2018/19:

a significant number of students have benefited

from professional development and further studies

through sanbI, in collaboration with tertiary education

institutions. This is the highest contribution to date and

highlights sanbI’s ongoing commitment to human

capital development.

• Work-integrated learning students: 31

• Kirstenbosch scholar: 1

• Interns: 61

• Honours students: 14

• Masters students: 71

• Doctoral students: 45

• Postdoctoral fellows: 19

marketInG and commUnIcatIon

Marketing and communication has done well over the

last financial year and has managed to increase visitor

numbers versus the same period last year. This has

been achieved through a combination of a focused

marketing calendar and a non-traditional advertising

approach. social media, in-store point of sale advertising,

transportation advertising enhanced through the sanbI

brand being present on billboards and radio features

heightened the sanbI brand awareness. The advertising

platforms of the sanbI strategic partners such as KayafM,

JacarandafM, banting Market, McDonald’s sa, Gautrain,

coca-cola and africa sky cinema to name a few, were

leveraged and provided excellent cross marketing

opportunities. The year 2018/2019 was also a year when

discounting and flexible pricing structures were tested.

Hyperli Deals, sho’t left discounted rates and open days

proved favourable with the customers.

The combined number of system-generated customers

to all nbGs for the year totalled 1 413 974 which was 16 per

cent higher than the previous financial year (1 222 816).

customer numbers for the financial year increased year-

on-year in the following gardens: free state, Karoo Desert,

Kirstenbosch, KwaZulu-natal, lowveld, Pretoria and

the Walter sisulu nbGs. These numbers were attributed

largely to promotion and hosting of events (including

concerts, community markets, parkruns, boot camps,

yoga classes, night/lunar trail runs, open air cinemas,

flower shows, exhibitions/plant fairs and weddings) and

use of the gardens by many tourists, members of the

public and various interest groups.

The Pretoria nbG hosted the following events during

the year: Kaya fM Women’s Day concert, Women’s and

22


• The Thohoyandou botanical Garden has been equipped with network connectivity enabling staff to use the sanbI network and perform their required functions effectively.

• The Walter sisulu nbG has been successfully equipped with functional Wifi to enhance visitor experiences in the garden.

• The newly erected Kirstenbosch administration building has been installed with a new network to support the IcT, finance and HR Divisions.

occUPatIonal health and safety

sanbI recognises its obligation to provide a safe, supportive and stimulating work environment for all its employees. In order to achieve the aims of the oH&s policy and to comply with oHs legislation, sanbI has committed itself in providing the resources necessary to implement and continually improve the oH&s Programme. The following are highlights of the current activities.

leadershIP and manaGement commItment

In order to comply with section 16(2) of the occupational Health and safety act no. 85 of 1993, the chief executive officer has successfully reviewed delegation of responsibility to all head of cost centres to enforce accountability on health and safety compliance. letters of appointment were signed during June 2018. We have commitment of all centre managers which resulted into improved health and safety performance.

health and safety comPlIance monItorInG

external health and safety audit

annual health and safety external audit was conducted from 16 July 2018 and concluded on 24 august 2018. consolidated overall final performance scores has shown an improvement of up to 3 star for sanbI compared to 1 star of the previous audit 2016/2017

the auditor determined the level of compliance to

the she management systems in relation to the:

• Relevant legislation;

• Risk exposure;

• company standards and procedures; and

• nosa five star system cMb150 protocol.

the following achievements were noted across the

gardens:

• Minimising of incidents

• sHe Teams effort

• nosa sHe Grading boards

• overall improvement of sHe system.

with the successful implementation of video conferencing

systems in additional venues. The video conferencing

implementations have contributed to reduced travelling

cost and removing prior engagement limitations. The

integration of remote sites onto sanbI’s national network

has been successfully achieved with our partners

enabling remote staff to utilise sanbI systems.

ProGramme Performance hIGhlIGhts

• sanbI hosted 13 interns on the DsT-nRf internship

programme, a programme aimed at ‘providing seT

(science, engineering and Technology) graduates an

opportunity to acquire practical work experience and

improve their competencies through mentoring and

exposure to a research environment’. This year saw

the first intake from the sol Plaatje University when

a Data science student joined us at the Kirstenbosch

Research centre.

• The last Will and Testament of the late Ms Joan

Kathleen boteville Wrench included Kirstenbosch

national botanical Garden (KnbG) as a beneficiary.

Three initial legacy projects were proposed for

using the Wrench bequest funds within the broader

Kirstenbosch estate and one of the projects, namely

the Joan Wrench Kirstenbosch scholarship fund was

established in 2018. The first intake of interns and

postgraduate students joined in 2019. sanbI’s first

environmental law intern joined in february 2019

and will, amongst other priorities, assist with legal

research.

• The combined number of system-generated visitors

to all nbGs for the year totalled 1 413 974, which was

16% per cent higher than the previous financial year

(1 222 816).

• The Kirstenbosch summer sunset concerts were

attended by 91 602 visitors compared with 81 925 in

2017/18, representing a 12 per cent annual increase.

• sanbI exhibited at the Royal Horticultural society’s

(RHs) chelsea flower show in london for the 43rd

consecutive year in May 2018 and was awarded its

36th Gold Medal under its newly appointed designer

leon Kluge. The exhibition was entitled ‘Iconic

landscapes: where nature and culture meet’.

• special days hosted in the various gardens included

Wellness Days (with Tb screening available), World

aids Day and biodiversity crime awareness Day,

amongst others. The free state, Hantam, Karoo Desert,

KwaZulu-natal, lowveld, Pretoria, Walter sisulu and

Kirstenbosch nbGs all actively managed facebook

pages.


23

note the folloWInG achIevements Per Garden:

IndIvIdUal bUsIness UnIt scores

business Unit effort % dIfr % stars system

free state national botanical Garden 76.94 0.00 4.00 Integrated or 5 star

Hantam national botanical Garden 76.09 0.00 4.00 Integrated or 5 star

Harold Porter national botanical Garden 75.13 0.00 4.00 Integrated or 5 star

Karoo Desert national botanical Garden 75.53 2.12 0.00 Integrated or 5 star

Kirstenbosch national botanical Garden 65.72 1.27 3.00 Integrated or 5 star

KwaZulu-natal Herbarium 76.87 0.00 4.00 Integrated or 5 star

KwaZulu-natal national botanical Garden 75.00 0.00 4.00 Integrated or 5 star

Kwelera national botanical Garden 70.06 11.84 0.00 Integrated or 5 star

lowveld national botanical Garden 75.34 6.68 0.00 Integrated or 5 star

Pretoria national botanical Garden 76.60 0.78 4.00 Integrated or 5 star

Walter sisulu national botanical Garden 75.68 2.71 2.00 Integrated or 5 star

Areas of improvement as highlighted during the audit are included in the action plan for 2019.

PretorIa natIonal ZooloGIcal Garden

a health and safety workshop was conducted to give nZG

and Mokopane management an update on the sanbI

health and safety management system on 10 and 30

october 2018. The work covered roles and responsibilities

of management and the structure to co-ordinate health

and safety within the Zoo. The following focus areas will

be addressed during the year 2019.

• Review of health and safety committees

• Process Risk assessment for nZG activities.

traInInG

oHs Risk assessment workshop was conducted in the

following centres.

• Harold Porter nbG;

• Walter sisulu nbG;

• Kirstenbosch nbG;

• Hantam nbG;

• Karoo Desert nbG;

• free state nbG;

• KZn nbG;

• KZn Herbarium;

• lowveld nbG; and

• Thohoyandou bG.

a health and safety workshop with management

outlining their roles and responsibilities was conducted

in Pretoria and Kirstenbosch on the 12 and14 november

2018.

fIre rIsk assessment

fire risk assessment is done annually in all the centres. fire

teams are established and drills are conducted.

IncIdent manaGement

no fatal incidents were reported during this reportable

period.

facIlItIes manaGement

• sanbI enrolled and is registered with the south

african facilities Management association (safMa)

for facilities management for benefits such as

professionalisation, accreditation, networking and

information sharing.

• Personnel responsible for the management of

administration buildings and commercial facilities are

also enrolled as members of safMa and have access

to specialised training and other resources.

• business continuity improvement has been another

one of the highlights for the Pretoria national botanical

Garden where back-up electricity generators were

installed. as part of the business continuity Plan (bcP),

this exercise will be rolled out to all sanbI Gardens.

• other business continuity measures will be the

installation of reticulation tanks at the Pretoria national

botanical Garden as back-up for water shortages.

24


PRoGRaMMe 2naTIonal boTanIcal GaRDens (nbGs)

PUrPose

Manage and unlock benefits of the network of national

botanical gardens as windows into south africa’s

biodiversity.


• a network of nbGs are managed and maintained; and

• nature-based tourism and recreational activities are

strengthened in all nbGs to contribute to sanbI’s

sustainability.


• Increase representation and display of indigenous

plants in the living collections of sanbI’s nbGs and/or

the Millennium seed bank Partnership;

• establish and operationalise new nbGs;

• Develop and maintain capital projects across sanbI’s

nbGs; and

• Increase visitor number per centage through

expanded tourism-related activities and events

in nbGs.


sanbI manages south africa’s network of 10 nbGs,

currently spread across seven provinces. The 10 gardens

combined manage over 7 400 ha of natural estate, as

well as over 200 ha of landscaped areas comprising

documented collections of living plants, with their

associated biodiversity, for the purposes of conservation,

research, display and education. sanbI also manages the

Thohoyandou botanical Garden in the limpopo Province,

scheduled to become south africa’s 11th nbG. a new nbG

is also planned for the north West Province, according

to the national Gardens expansion strategy: 2016 to

2030. sanbI, through its nbGs, classified internationally

as conservation gardens, will expand and strengthen

their role (as windows to south africa’s biodiversity) to

provide a national footprint in nature-based tourism and

showcase sanbI and south africa’s biodiversity.

The late Dea Minister, Dr edna Molewa, published a

formal declaration notice of farm 1505 (10.48 ha) as an

extension to the existing Kwelera nbG. notice no. 705

was published in Government Gazette no. 41766 on 13

July 2018. The 10 ha land portion is planned to be used

as the landscaped/cultivated area of the Kwelera nbG. Ms

nomama Mei was appointed as the new curator of the

Kwelera nbG during the year. a basic assessment Report

for proposed developments in the Kwelera nbG was

completed and submitted to Dea, and an environmental


25

control officer (eco) appointed. building plans for the

Kwelera nbG were designed and approved during the

year and are expected to be submitted and approved

by the buffalo city Metro Municipality in 2019/20. new

business plans for Dea-sponsored developments in

the Kwelera and Thohoyandou botanical gardens were

submitted to Dea for approval.

sanbI Gardens sadly lost several long-serving staff

members during the year, including its Kirstenbosch

Garden curator, the late Philip le Roux (1955–2018), who

passed away on 12 December 2018 following a fatal

cycling accident.

following the receipt of good autumn/winter rains in

2018, Hantam nbG experienced its best flower season in

its 10-year history in august and september 2018.

sanbI’s appointed contractor (Tswellapele Plants cc)

completed their work with the national Department of

Tourism (nDT)-funded sisulu circle in the Walter sisulu

national botanical Garden. The nDT-funded sisulu

circle was launched by the Minister of environmental

affairs (late Dr edna Molewa) and Minister of Tourism,

Derek Hanekom, on 10 July 2018 in the Walter sisulu

nbG. Tswellapele Plants received two south african

landscapers Institute (salI) Gold awards of excellence

for 2018 in the categories: best landscape construction

with Design by others, and in the category specialised

landscape construction.

Work continued with the implementation of a business

plan developed for the use of a generous private bequest

left to Kirstenbosch nbG by the late Ms Joan Wrench.

The initial set of projects approved for implementation

using funds from the bequest in 2018/19 included (a)

internal upgrades to the existing Gold fields education

centre to become the Joan Wrench learning centre;

as well as (b) sponsored transport for disadvantaged

individuals (learners, senior citizens, disabled) to

Kirstenbosch and the Joan Wrench learning centre; and

(c) the establishment of a scholarship fund, known as

the Joan Wrench Kirstenbosch scholarship fund, which

has now been established by sanbI and used to provide

funding for scholarships and internships to previously

disadvantaged individuals (for garden-based students

studying horticulture and nature conservation, as well as

education and research) to Kirstenbosch specifically.

The conservation Gardens & Tourism Division

successfully hosted delegates for international meetings

in Kirstenbosch in august 2018. The meetings included

botanic Gardens conservation International’s (bGcI)

International advisory council, as well as a conference

of the Global Partnership for Plant conservation (GPPc)

of which sanbI is a member. The goal of the conference

was to bring together plant conservation scientists,

policy makers and practitioners from around the world to

consider the future of plant conservation, and in particular

to develop ideas for a global plant conservation strategy

for the post-2020 period. The results of the conference

and the strategic workshops were shared with the

convention on biological Diversity (cbD) as a contribution

from the GPPc and the plant conservation community

in general towards future plans for the convention in

the achievement of the 2050 vision for biodiversity and

the 2030 agenda on sustainable Development. The

conference was supported by Dea, bGcI and Missouri

botanical Garden, Us.

sanbI’s Millennium seed bank Partnership (MsbP)

team undertook an international trip to conduct and

attend a seed conservation techniques training course

in northern Zambia. The training was conducted in

conjunction with the Kew MsbP coordinator for africa

and the training personnel from Kew from 3–9 June 2018.

The newly appointed sanbI-based MsbP staff benefited

greatly from the training. In addition to seed collecting

techniques, they also learnt about conducting successful

germination tests. The training also provided a platform

to establish and strengthen the plant conservation

based partnerships and collaborations between the

three african countries in the saDc region (south africa,

Zambia and Mozambique). sanbI’s MsbP coordinator, Mr

livhuwani nkuna, resigned from sanbI as from 31 august

2018. Ms victoria Wilman, based at Kirstenbosch, served

in an acting capacity as the MsbP coordinator from 1

september 2018.

Three new horticultural/estate management coordination

meetings were facilitated in the conservation Gardens

& Tourism Division during the financial year: (a)

Horticultural Peer Review (as a contribution towards

the implementation of the Horticultural career ladder);

(b) Horticultural enrichment forum (Hef; for sanbI

horticulturists); and (c) estate Managers forum (for sanbI

estate Managers).

The combined number of system-generated visitors

to all nbGs for the year totalled 1 413 974 which was

16 per cent higher than the previous financial year

(1 222 816). visitor numbers for the financial year increased

year-on-year in the following gardens: free state, Karoo

Desert, Kirstenbosch, KwaZulu-natal, lowveld, Pretoria

and the Walter sisulu nbG.

26


yes Programme is an environmentally focused youth

development training programme that is funded by Dea.

It aims to recruit and train 130 unemployed youth per

year over a two-year period per province. Participants are

part of the programme for one year, during which they

receive accredited and non-accredited training and are

provided with mentored workplace integrated learning

opportunities.

The Harold Porter nbG suffered structural damages to

wooden bridges, wooden walkways, benches and its

irrigation network infrastructure during a veld fire that

swept through the garden on 11 January 2019. The

natural vegetation in the mountain gorges and slopes

in the garden were burnt by the fast-moving fires. It is

estimated that more than 12 800 hectares of vegetation

were burnt during the 11-day fire in the Kogelberg and

steenbras Region that started on 31 December 2018.

emergency mechanical (irrigation pump and irrigation

pipes/sprinklers) and structural assessments (bridges)

were conducted by professional engineers in January

2019. no damages were caused to the existing/new

buildings in the garden, nor to the garden’s renovated/

restored concrete bridges and flood repair/mitigation

infrastructure.

botanic Gardens conservation International (bGcI)

funded an arboriculture course for horticultural staff

from across sanbI’s gardens, including the nZG, in

november/December 2018. The course, held in Pretoria

nbG, was facilitated by two experienced and highly

skilled arboricultural professionals from the Royal botanic

Gardens, edinburgh, UK.

a new species of long-tongued fly that occurs in the

Hantam nbG was named after the Garden curator,

eugene Marinus. The description of the new species,

Prosoeca marinusi barraclough sp. nov., was formally

published in the scientific journal Zootaxa in 2018. The

species is a narrow-range endemic and is restricted to the

nieuwoudtville area where it is the only, or main, pollinator

of at least four plant species (all regional endemics) in the

family Iridaceae that flower from august to september.

sanbI’s career ladder for Horticulturists continued to

be implemented during the year. various garden staff

participated in work-related training courses, sanbI’s

staff exchange programme, wellness day events and

workshops through the year.

ProGramme hIGhlIGhts

• Implementation of sanbI’s national Gardens

expansion strategy (2016–2030) continued with sanbI

The 32nd annual Garden curators Week was held at

the Hantam nbG in september 2018 and a national

Interpretation Week and national educators Week also

held during the year.

Good progress continued in the implementation of

sanbI’s Dea-funded Infrastructure Programme, with

significant investment for improving and refurbishing

the organisation’s buildings (including offices, education

centres, staff facilities, guest houses, and restaurants/

tea rooms) and related infrastructure (such as roads,

pathways, parking areas, security infrastructure, bridges,

irrigation and sewerage systems), information technology

infrastructure, as well as research equipment and vehicle

recapitalisation.

since the start of the three-year Infrastructure Programme

in 2013/14, 39 formal infrastructure and professional

services-related tenders (valued at over R500 000 each)

with a combined value of R145 310 146 were processed.

of these, only 10 are still in implementation phase

with a value of R2 395 712 remaining against contracts

in progress. since the start of the second three-year

infrastructure programme spanning the MTef 2016/17 –

2018/19, 19 contracts over the value of R500 000 were

signed with a total value of R123 957 049, of which 17 are

still active and 33 below R500 000 with a total value of

R5 290 786 of which six were completed in the financial

year.

The total value of contracts under the first Dea-

sponsored infrastructure programme (2013 to 2016) was

R145 310 146. In addition, approximately R11 000 000

was spent on vehicle recapitalization. Under the second

Dea-sponsored programme (2016 to 2019) the total

value of contracts was R129 247 835. aligned with sanbI’s

mandate in neMba, new education/community centres

were completed for the Karoo Desert and Harold Porter

nbGs as part of sanbI’s Infrastructure Programme.

The Dea-approved Dawidskraal River Maintenance

Management Plan (MMP) for the Harold Porter nbG

was implemented with the construction of a new flood

mitigation berm and diversion weir in the Dawidskraal

River. support was also received from workers appointed

under Dea’s Working for Wetlands Programme. Working

for Wetlands also supported the employment of workers

in the free state, Walter sisulu and KwaZulu-natal nbGs to

assist with wetland and estate/catchment maintenance.

Participants under Dea’s youth environmental service

(yes) Programme were hosted in several gardens through

agreements signed with programme implementers. The


27

managing the Thohoyandou botanical Garden in the

limpopo Province. consultations needed to have

this garden declared as a national botanical garden

continued with a range of government departments

and the Mphaphuli community land claimants.

• following the signing of an MoU between sanbI and

sanParks in May 2018, a collaboration agreement

was developed between sanbI and sanParks for

the proposed Richtersveld Desert botanical Garden

earmarked to be developed as a demonstration

garden in sendelingsdrift camp in the Richtersveld

national Park, northern cape.

• The Harold Porter, Karoo Desert, Kirstenbosch,

lowveld, Pretoria and Walter sisulu nbGs all received

certificates of excellence on Tripadvisor as attractions

that consistently earned great reviews from travellers.

• sanbI successfully hosted an international conference

of the Global Partnership for Plant conservation (GPPc)

and annual meeting of botanic Gardens conservation

International’s (bGcI) International advisory council

(Iac) at Kirstenbosch.

• all gardens received nosa (national occupational

safety association) accreditation during the financial

year for the first time in the organisation’s history. This

accreditation resulted in sanbI as an organisation

receiving a 3-star nosa grading during the 2018

nosa audit period.

• The combined number of system-generated visitors

to all nbGs for the year totalled 1 413 974, which was

16% per cent higher than the previous financial year

(1 222 816).

• The Dea-approved Dawidskraal River Maintenance

Management Plan (MMP) for the Harold Porter nbG

was implemented with a new flood mitigation berm

and diversion weir established in the Dawidskraal

River.

• sanbI’s sisulu circle project, sponsored by the

national Department of Tourism, was launched by

the late Minister of environmental affairs (Dr edna

Molewa) and Minister of Tourism, Derek Hanekom,

on 10 July 2018 in the Walter sisulu nbG. The

contractor, Tswellapele Plants, received two south

african landscapers Institute (salI) Gold awards of

excellence for 2018 in the categories: best landscape

construction with Design by others, and in the

category specialised landscape construction.

28



• Publication of the book Systematics of Drimia Jacq.

(Hyacinthaceae, Urgineoideae) in southern africa,

Strelitzia 40 by Prof. John Manning (sanbI) and Peter

Goldblatt, provides detailed taxonomic information

on an important floristic element in southern africa

in which 70 species, with 61 endemic to the region,

are revised and recognised. In this book, eight new

species are described: D. barbata, D. ciliolata, D.

decipiens, D. juncifolia, D. khubusensis, D. monophylla,

and D. schizobasoides all from the Greater cape

floristic Region, and D. vespertina that spans into

northern namibia and southern angola. The account

includes full species descriptions, notes on ecology,

distribution maps and identification keys to the

sections and species, with drawings and illustrations

for most species to aid in identification.

• sanbI was requested by the Department of science

and Technology to coordinate a three year project on

the national network of biodiversity biobanks to the

value of R11.8 million. The project aims to develop a

national inventory of biodiversity biobanks in south

africa and make this information widely accessible,

bUIlD THe foUnDaTIonal

bIoDIveRsITy scIence

PUrPose

The purpose of this programme is to ensure that

foundational information on species and ecosystems

is generated and collated. This involves describing and

classifying species and ecosystems in south africa.

objectIve statement

• a complete inventory of south africa’s biodiversity is

developed and maintained.


• number of herbarium specimens digitised;

• number of species (animals and plants) occurrence

data generated;

• number of species (animals and plants) pages/

descriptions developed; and

• number of publications (scientific and popular

articles) generated.

PRoGRaMMe 3


29

• 4 826 species pages were compiled against the

annual target of 4 200, and this includes descriptive

and classification information for animal species

(1 026) and plant species (3 800). This exceeds the

annual performance by 15%.

• The Division published 27 research papers in

peer-reviewed IsI journals accredited by the

Department of Higher education. With 18 research

staff, this performance translates to an average of

1.5 papers per researcher. In addition, 1 book, 19

popular articles, and 2 theses (Msc and PhD) were

published.

• Updates were made to the Plant checklist

four times with 15 000 records updated for

angiosperms, and once for the animal checklist

with 3 200 records updated mainly for frogs, mites,

freshwater fish and birds.

• collecting trips were undertaken to limpopo,

Mpumalanga, Gauteng, KwaZulu-natal, eastern

cape, northern cape, free state and north West

provinces with 1 125 plant specimens collected

as part of specialist taxonomic group collections,

as well as the expansion of sanbI collections to

ensure adequate coverage.

• over ten thousand specimens (10 846) were

scanned/digitised in the three sanbI herbaria and

images added to the database. The three herbaria

collectively received 625 visitors, dispatched

1 635 specimens to 36 institutions nationally and

internationally.

• 35 680 herbarium records on database were

verified for accuracy of information and quality

controlled based on curation standards.

skIlls and hUman caPacIty develoPment

• Ms natasha visser (student) graduated with an Msc

degree in botany (awarded with distinction) at the

University of Johannesburg. she was supervised

by Dr M.M. le Roux.

• Mr l.a. Papo graduated with an Msc degree

in botany in June 2018 at the University of

Johannesburg.

• Dr anifat bello graduated with her PhD in Plant

systematics (supervised by Dr a. Magee from

sanbI, Prof. J.s. boatwright from the University

of the Western cape and Prof. M. van der bank

from the University of Johannesburg). Dr bello

revised the large daisy genus Pteronia recognising

76 species of which five were described as new.

assess the data management systems currently used

both nationally and internationally and to identify

and initiate the implementation of an appropriate

national system. This will also lead to the development

of national guidelines and standards for collecting,

preparing and managing biodiversity biobank

samples (global standards and best practices).

• The national advisory council for the DsT funded

project natural sciences collections facility (nscf)

was launched to provide guidance, advice and

assistance relating to planning and implementation

and ensure that the impact of the nscf is maximized

by facilitating appropriate partnerships and links.

The advisory committee is not a decision-making

structure but it can identify risks and concerns and

make recommendations and submissions to the other

governance structures such as the co-ordinating

committee, or the sanbI board.

• The national Research foundation (nRf) has rated and

awarded an y2 research category to Dr Marianne le

Roux – a prestigious rating in recognition of excellent

research track record of a PhD researcher younger

than 35 years old.

• a partnership with birdlife south africa has led to the

implementation of a Rural citizen science project on

bird identification in selected rural areas of Mopani and

sekhukhune Districts, limpopo Province. This project

contributes to biodiversity records and monitoring by

mobilising occurrence records for birds to feed into

decision-making processes such as environmental

Impact assessments and policy development and/or

updates.

• The modernisation (re-arrangement and curation)

of 50 000 records within the saM collection (about

half the collection) in the compton Herbarium was

completed. This is a historical collection and is the

oldest herbarium collection in southern africa. These

collections can now be imaged for electronic loans

and for digitisation.

• The still bay Herbarium in the Western cape was

gifted to sanbI for incorporation into the compton

Herbarium.


• over 56 000 biodiversity records were quality

controlled and added to sanbI databases. These

include 21 048 records for plant specimens in sanbI’s

herbaria, and 35 018 animal specimens in museums

or based on observations. The annual performance

target was exceeded by 66 records.

30


• Dr M.M. le Roux participated as a member of the

local organizing committee and scientific committee

for the Global Partnership for Plant conservation

meeting held in cape Town, 28–30 august; attended

and presented a poster on the e-flora sa project and

a presentation on Target 1, the World flora online,

at the Global Partnership for Plant conservation.

International collaborative publication from cross-

cutting research on the brambles (genus Rubus) in

the cape floristic Region. Research clarifies taxonomy,

invasion potential, hybridisation, ploidy levels and

ecology of both native and invasive species. Two

alien species are reported for the first time, as well as

hybridisation between native and invasive species,

as well as clarification of native taxa previously

considered introduced/invasive.

• Ten staff members, including six postgraduate

students presented their research at the annual

conference of the south african association of

botanists.

• four national Herbarium staff members (Dr Hester

steyn, Ms Tandiwe nkonki, Mr Mduduzi nkwanyana

and Mr alpheus Mothapo) attended sanbI-GbIf

fitness for Use of biological Data Workshop, at

Kirstenbosch, 27–29 november 2018.

other Performance hIGhlIGhts

• a new plant species was described with its scientific

name derived from setswana by staff at the compton

Herbarium in collaboration with the national

Museum. The species epithet rapaletsa is derived from

the setswana word for flat and refers to the distinctive

trailing growth habit of the new species.

• The Rural citizen scientist birding project was featured

in the southern african birdlife magazine nov–Dec

2018 edition.

• sanbI biosystematics Management participated in

nscf change Management Training, 8-11 May 2018.

• completed the imaging of compton Herbarium

scrophulariaceae collection for digitization (>5 000

specimens were digitised for this family).

• Mr. l. Magoswana was awarded an fbIP grant

(R100 000) for his studies in 2019 on the succulent

genus Othonna.

• Mr luvo Magoswana (scientist at compton

Herbarium) submitted a large important paper to

the journal Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

This manuscript is the major output from his Msc

dissertation (graduated with distinction in 2018).

Her thesis also used Dna phylogenetic analyses to

explore phylogenetic relationships, biogeography

and divergence times.

• four early career scientists published their research

papers, including those as first authors.

vIsIts to and from the herbarIUm

• Prof. emily b. sessa and 2 students (University of

florida) visited the national Herbarium on 8 and 9

May 2018.

• on 25 april 2018, the national Herbarium hosted the

delegates of nscf Delegates tour (25 delegates).

• compton Herbarium hosted 137 bsc 2nd year and

bsc Hons. students from the University of the Western

cape for a tour of the herbarium which forms part of

their course on Higher Plants Diversity.

• Prof. e. Knox from Indiana University (Usa) visited the

compton Herbarium from 19–29 october to study

the Lobelia and Cyphia collections.

coUrses and/or conferences attended

• Ms ashton Welcome attended the seb conference

in Wisconsin, Usa; featured in the Public sector

management magazine - June (youth) issue, as

well as attending the IPUf conference in July 2018

(oudtshoorn).

• Research staff attended a Taxonomy and Phylogeny

workshop, 18–20 June 2018.

• Mr M.a. Mothapo represented the national Herbarium

at the Moutse West career expo in limpopo Province

on 4 May 2018.

• Mr M.s. Mothogoane and Ms T.s. Manyelo attended a

science Writing course, 11–13 July (Kirstenbosch).

• Ms. Mbali Mkhize attended the 45th annual Research

symposium on the Management of biological

Invasions in southern africa (4-6 July 2018); attended

the sanbI-bID strategic Planning Workshop in

limpopo (1-3 July 2018).

• Ms caroline Mashau attended a grass training/

workshop by Maria vorontsova at Kew Herbarium,

UK (3–13 July 2018); attended the 5th alien Grass

Working Group meeting sanbI, Kirstenbosch (26 and

27 september 2018); conducted a Grass ID course

at aRc Roodeplaat, Gssa 53rd conference, with

25 participants (26 July 2018); conducted a Grass

ID course at University of cape Town (UcT) with

27 participants (25 september 2018).


31comprehensive assessments of the state of biodiversity

and to strengthen the knowledge base that informs

sanbI’s contributions to policy and decision making

relating to managing biodiversity, as well as optimising

its benefits to people. The priorities for the programme

are derived from various sources that identify issues with

a high relevance to policy makers, such as the national

environmental Management: biodiversity act (neMba),

the national biodiversity strategy and action Plan

(nbsaP), the national biodiversity framework (nbf), the

Research, Development and evidence framework for the

sector, government delivery agreements in the MTsf, and

other national priorities (e.g. climate change response,

the biodiversity economy strategy, responses to land

degradation).

scIence PUblIcatIons

sanbI undertook to publish 85 papers in journals

accredited by the Department of Higher education.

We achieved slightly more than the target (87 papers)

and have therefore maintained sanbI’s publications

under Programme 4 at about the same level achieved

over the past few years. Productivity is slightly down

from 2016/2017 but that year was exceptional due to a

special issue on biological invasions to which many sanbI

authors contributed. an encouraging trend has been an

PRoGRaMMe 4bIoDIveRsITy assessMenT anD

KnoWleDGe GeneRaTIon

PUrPose

assess, monitor and report on the state of biodiversity

and increase knowledge for decision making including

climate change.


• new knowledge created to inform assessments and

decision making relating to biodiversity; and

• The status of biodiversity, including biological

invasions, is systematically assessed to determine

current state and trends, and to identify risks or

benefits to the environment and people.


• Research;

• biodiversity assessments; and

• Monitoring.


This programme builds on foundational biodiversity

information (Programme 3) through additional

research, assessment and analysis. The aim is to deliver

32


sanbI has also successfully secured funding for smaller

scale collaborative projects, such as the Deep forests

project (see highlights) funded by the nRf, and is part

of another Gef project looking at the value chains

linked to the development of plant-based products.

sanbI’s contribution will be to focus on the application

of certification schemes to achieve global biodiversity

benefits and this will expand on other projects where

sanbI has been investigating certification schemes in the

context of the wildlife industry.

the statUs of bIodIversIty

The main deliverable was the national biodiversity

assessment 2018, with an assessment at genetic, species

and ecosystem levels. The nba headline indicators of

threat status and protection level are applied to both

species and ecosystems across the terrestrial, inland

aquatic, estuarine and marine realms. What is new in nba

2018 are separate indicators for south africa’s coastal

zone and sub-antarctic territory. The nba 2018’s goals

of improving ecosystem classification and mapping,

introducing a species protection level indicator and

potential genetic diversity indicators were all met.

as part of the nba, sanbI led the large-scale assessment

of threat status for 11 taxonomic groups spread across the

terrestrial, inland aquatic, marine and estuarine realms.

These assessments were conducted in collaboration with

species experts based at academic institutions and in

provincial conservation agencies. for each taxon group,

assessments were compared to assessments conducted

between 1996 and 2010 in order to determine how

species status has changed over time. Trends in species

status were measured using the Red list Index (RlI), an

index that has been developed to report on the status of

the worlds’ species under the sustainable Development

Goal sDG 15.5.1. sanbI also developed a new indicator

–the species Protection level Indicator (sPl), which

measures progress towards achieving a population

persistence target for each species. The Protection level

Index has also been used to report to the convention

of biological Diversity (cbD) for aichi Target 11 on the

ecological representation of south africa’s Protected area

network. The marine component of the nba collated 31

pressure datasets, and included a section on the benefits

of marine biodiversity. In addition, this nba trialled the

new International Union for the conservation of nature

(IUcn) Red list of ecosystem criteria, and was able to

track trends in species status and habitat loss for the first

time. These innovations place south africa at the leading

edge of national assessments globally, and result in

sanbI scientists being invited to share their knowledge

at international fora.

increase in higher impact publications with a greater

number of publications in journals with impact factors

>2. The papers provide a wide coverage of biodiversity

scales (genes, species and ecosystems) and provide

foundational information as well as applied and strategic

knowledge and evidence to inform policy and decision

making.

sUPPort on InvasIve sPecIes

biological invasions pose a major risk to biodiversity, as

well as the goods and services that people depend on.

sanbI supports biosecurity activities undertaken by

Dea through developing projects on priority invasive

species, compiling species-specific management

plans and undertaking risk assessments. sanbI meets

annually with Dea to determine priorities for the year.

The main focus for project and management plans is on

category 1a species that are prohibited and must be

eradicated in compliance with sections 75(1), (2) and (3)

of neMba.

sanbI also manages a process for risk assessment

and analysis. Risk assessments aim to evaluate the

risks associated with species that have already been

introduced or those that people may want to bring

into the country. This provides a basis for managing the

risk or for regulating the species. In accordance with an

agreement with Dea, 65 risk assessment documents were

submitted to assist decision making by Government as

required by neMba and its alien and Invasive species

regulations. These assessments evaluate the likelihood

and consequences of given alien taxa or species causing

negative impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem services and

other socio-economic impacts.

larGe cooPeratIve Projects

The target for 2018/2019 was to initiate at least one

new cooperative project with a focus on wildlife trade

and the biodiversity economy. sanbI has been working

with Dea, sanParks, the Peace Parks foundation, WWf,

the south african Wildlife college and others to develop

a large project on wildlife trade. The big success in this

financial year was the approval of funding by the Gef

for a project where sanbI is responsible for one of the

three components focusing on strengthening oversight

of wildlife trade. The implementation of this project will

start in the next financial year but, as part of sanbI’s co-

funding, we have appointed two post-doctoral fellows

to study aspects of wildlife trade. The post of a project

manager has been approved and the recruitment process

is underway.


33

africa’s new seamless map of ecosystem types, paves the way for improved assessment and planning across all realms and all of south africa’s territory; while the use of the global standards for the national Red list assessments for both species and ecosystems strengthens south

africa’s international reporting ability.

The products of the nba 2018 include seven technical reports, a technical synthesis report, datasets and supplementary materials for use by scientists; as well as several popular outputs such as summary flyers. additional products emanating from the nba will be finalised and released during 2019. for example, south

(a) Seamless map of South Africa’s terrestrial, marine and estuarine ecosystem types. (b) The new marine ecosystem types

surrounding Prince Edward Islands. Rivers and inland wetlands are an overlay on this map.

(a)

(b)

34


to the cITes conference of the Parties. Proposals to exempt finished products of Aloe ferox from regulation under cITes, and to increase south africa’s export quota for black rhinoceros hunting trophies, were prepared for submission to the 18th conferences of the Parties to cITes. coP18 species listing proposals with major implications for the country were also reviewed and draft

positions for south africa developed.


• The species Protection level Indicator developed by

sanbI shows that south africa’s birds and reptiles are

currently well protected while plants, freshwater fish

and butterflies have high numbers of species that are

not well represented in the current Protected areas

estate.

• south africa’s first Red list Index has been included in

south africa’s 6th country Report to the convention

on biological Diversity to report on progress towards

aichi Target 12 (species extinctions Prevented), as

well as south africa’s response to the sustainable

Development Goals prepared by statistics south

africa.

• The 2018 sa reptile assessment went online on the

new IUcn website at the end of 2018.

• cabinet announced that south africa will proclaim 20

new Marine Protected areas (MPas) advancing ocean

protection from 0.4 to 5%. This is the culmination of

13 years of work to expand MPas into the offshore

environment with sanbI playing a key role in the

technical work to design this new network.

• The new african coelacanth ecosystem Project

(aceP) Deep forests was initiated with new students

involved in researching potential vulnerable Marine

ecosystems. new international collaborations and

training on deep water coral taxonomy and ecology

were a key highpoint.

• Prof. John Wilson and Prof. Krystal Tolley both received

a national Research foundation (nRf) rating of b2,

a category of researchers ‘who enjoy considerable

international recognition by their peers for the high

quality and impact of their recent research outputs’.

The nRf rating is valid for five years.

• Prof. neil crouch was awarded the botanical society’s

Marloth Medal, which is awarded to any professional

or amateur botanist who has produced significant

popular literature to stimulate public interest in the

indigenous flora of southern africa.

• Prof. John Donaldson was elected co-chair of the

global assessment of sustainable use of wild species

by the Intergovernmental Panel on biodiversity and

ecosystem services (IPbes).

non-detrIment fIndInGs and sUPPort for the scIentIfIc aUthorIty of soUth afrIca

The scientific authority of south africa is the scientific body linked to the implementation of the convention on International Trade in endangered species of Wild fauna and flora (cITes).

sanbI provides the secretariat and scientific support for the scientific authority of south africa. as part of this role, sanbI coordinates the process to develop non-detriment findings for species in trade. an nDf follows a specified process to compile expert knowledge and then evaluate the potential risk to wild polulations associated with trade based on biological, management and regulatory evidence. The nDf’s are approved by the scientific authority, published for additional evidence, amended on the basis of new evidence. The process and status of all the nDfs is developed and monitored by the scientific authority and an annual update report is approved by the scientific authority. The nDfs completed in 2018 included Aloe ferox, black rhinoceros and white rhinoceros, which were submitted to the Minister for gazetting for public input.

The implementation of nDfs often requires additional work from sanbI to help mitigate the risks associated with trade or scientific support for regulating trade. cycad nurseries were audited to determine whether they met the criteria for artificially propagating cycads. similarly, the scientific authority approved criteria to guide the cITes registrations of white rhinoceros captive breeding operations. a primary function for sanbI is to implement research projects to provide the scientific evidence base for recommendations from the scientific authority. The south african leopard monitoring project has generated leopard density trend data for 17 sites distributed across four provinces, which will be used to inform leopard hunting quotas, while the first research report on south africa’s lion bone trade provides scientific evidence to inform decisions around the export quota for captive produced lion skeletons. forensic methods to support enforcement and compliance in relation to wildlife trade are also being developed. a set of microsatellite markers for african grey parrots was successfully confirmed for use as a molecular tool for parentage analysis, while the potential utility of stable light isotopes to distinguish between captive bred and wild caught sungazer lizards is being explored. Innovative online forensic research has uncovered the widespread exploitation of south africa’s unique succulent flora for international trade, further corroborated by field studies undertaken for six highly traded Euphorbia species.

Ultimately, much of the work of sanbI in support of the scientific authority also informs south africa’s proposals


35

• become the authoritative source for data, knowledge

and information on south africa’s biodiversity;

• ensure the best available biodiversity science informs

national and international policy processes; and

• vulnerable communities have increased resilience

to climate change as a result of direct access climate

change adaptation investments.


• Tools to support management and conservation of

biodiversity developed and applied;

• access to biodiversity data, information and

knowledge provided;

• scientific advice to support national and international

policy processes provided; and

• Policy support on climate change adaptation provided

to inform national and international decision making.


• launch of the $7.2 million ecological Infrastructure

for Water security project, funded by the Global

environmental facility (Gef) and implemented by

the Development bank of southern africa (Dbsa) in

PRovIDe bIoDIveRsITy PolIcy

aDvIce, access To bIoDIveRsITy

InfoRMaTIon; anD sUPPoRT

foR clIMaTe cHanGe

aDaPTaTIon

PUrPose

The primary focus of this Programme is to facilitate the

translation of south africa’s biodiversity science into

policy and decision making. We do this in the context

of south africa’s urgent development imperatives, using

biodiversity science to understand how the management

and sustainable use of healthy intact ecosystems can

maintain, enhance and deliver services to society.

The Programme provides free access to biodiversity

information and scientific knowledge to a wide audience

through the biodiversity advisor online platform.

objectIve statements

• Reduce loss, protect, restore and unlock benefits from

biodiversity assets and ecological infrastructure;

PRoGRaMMe 5

36


collaboration with the Department of environmental

affairs (Dea) and sanbI.

• fifth-year anniversary celebration of the uMngeni

ecological Infrastructure Partnership which focuses on

the role ecological infrastructure plays in improving

water security in the greater uMngeni catchment.

• finalisation of the national biodiversity stewardship

Guideline, providing a comprehensive approach to

implementing biodiversity stewardship across the

country.

• secured funding for several pilot projects under the

ecological Infrastructure challenge fund which will

demonstrate the value of ecological infrastructure

and create jobs.

• Released an assessment Report on natural capital

accounting in south africa as part of a two-year global

project on natural capital accounting & valuation of

ecosystem services.

• Initiated Phase 2 of the national biodiversity

Information system project that will develop a

centralised web-based infrastructure to integrate

south african biodiversity information.

• completed the competition phase of the african

biodiversity challenge with Ghana winning the

Gold Medal. The teams from the four participating

countries published 110 534 biodiversity data records

during the competition.

• Initiated the process to develop two first stage

concept note proposals for submission to the Green

climate fund in 2019 and was re-accredited with the

adaptation fund for a further five-year period.


Programme 5 has demonstrated the value of biodiversity

assets and ecological infrastructure for unlocking

development opportunities and delivering social-

economic benefits. It has contributed to the national

development agenda by, for example, supporting

the streamlining of development decision making,

demonstrating the potential of ecological infrastructure

for water security, providing direct access to finance for

climate change resilience, and stimulating biodiversity-

based job creation. It has achieved this by providing

science-based tools and policy advice that promote the

integration of biodiversity into other sectors, especially

those that impact on biodiversity. It has also provided

support to Dea and provincial conservation authorities in

their development and implementation of biodiversity-

related policy and legislation, based on the best available

science. Municipalities have been supported in integrating

biodiversity assets and ecological infrastructure into their

planning and decision making. sanbI has influenced

international agendas for policy, research and monitoring,

through a range of african and global engagements.

tools to sUPPort manaGement and

conservatIon of bIodIversIty

There are various mechanisms by which science is

translated into relevant information and practical advice

that can be used to influence policy and development,

such as convening learning platforms, producing

information resources and showcasing demonstration

projects. The tools produced through these mechanisms

are usually developed in collaboration with partners and

intended users, and their uptake is supported through

training, communities of practice and mainstreaming.

ecological infrastructure for water security

sanbI hosted the national Indaba on ecological

Infrastructure for Water security. The event was funded

by the Department of science and Technology (DsT)

and held in partnership with Department of Water

and sanitation, Dea, Water Research commission and

the Dbsa. The Indaba showcased the concept of how

investing in ecological infrastructure can improve water

security across sectors, and shared practical lessons from

collaborations aimed at strengthening water governance

at the catchment level.

The ecological Infrastructure for Water security (eI4Ws)

project was officially launched at the national Indaba on

ecological Infrastructure. The Honourable Gugile nkwinti,

former Minister of Water and sanitation, together with

Mr shonisani Munzhedzi, the Deputy Director General

for biodiversity and conservation from Dea, and Ms

nana Magomola, the former sanbI board chair, officially

launched the five-year, $7.2 million Gef-funded project

which is being implemented by the Dbsa, in collaboration

with Dea and sanbI. It aims to enhance organisational

capacity and investment in ecological infrastructure to

improve water security in two demonstration catchments,

the berg–breede and the greater uMngeni catchments.

To strengthen coordinated action on ecological

infrastructure for water security and bring attention

to sanbI’s work on this, sanbI hosted a high-level

networking event at Kirstenbosch, with the executive

Director of the Un environment as the guest of honour.


37

sanbI provides secretariat support to the uMngeni

ecological Infrastructure Partnership (UeIP) which focuses

on the role of ecological infrastructure in improving water

security in the greater uMngeni catchment. The UeIP

held its five-year anniversary celebration, which was an

opportunity to reflect on and appreciate the collaborative

water governance efforts of the UeIP over the past five

years.

sanbI participated in a number of events to share lessons

and experiences on investing in ecological infrastructure

to improve water security, including the national Wetland

Indaba and the KwaZulu-natal conservation symposium.

sanbI convened a side event at the DsT Global change

conference in limpopo, which provided an opportunity

to share lessons from the uMngeni, uMzimvubu,

uMhlathuzi, blyde, berg–breede, and Tsitsa catchments

on how the delivery of ecosystem services can improve

people’s livelihoods at catchment scale. It also convened,

with funding from DsT, an ecological infrastructure

‘research into practice’ platform in the berg–breede

catchment. Information about the eI4Ws project was

presented at the inaugural environmental engineering

conference hosted by the south african Institute of civil

engineers, providing opportunity to explore collaboration

with other sectors including environmental, engineering,

local government and the water sector.

ecological infrastructure and agriculture

sanbI conducted several engagements with stakeholders

in the agriculture sector to improve understanding of

the linkages between ecological infrastructure and

agriculture. In partnership with the Department of

agriculture, forestry and fisheries (Daff), sanbI facilitated

the stakeholder process of developing the bankrupt

bush Management strategy to provide solutions for the

management of this problematic bush-encroaching

plant that threatens grassland biodiversity and impacts

agriculture. sanbI and Daff also convened a law

enforcement training workshop on the conservation of

agricultural Resources act (act 43 of 1983). This event was

hosted in partnership with the Department of Justice and

constitutional Development to capacitate Daff officials

responsible for regulatory compliance and enforcement

for the protection and sustainable use of natural resources.

at the Grassland society of southern africa congress,

sanbI convened a workshop that aimed to strengthen

ongoing engagement between the agriculture and

biodiversity sectors and demonstrate the value of

ecological infrastructure in agricultural landscapes. sanbI

also participated in the land Rehabilitation of southern

africa conference, and presented on the catchment-

based ecological infrastructure learning platforms

funded by the DsT, with particular focus on the rangeland

stewardship and restoration approach pioneered by the

uMzimvubu catchment Partnership.

natural resource management

sanbI, in partnership with Dea natural Resource

Management (nRM), held two natural Resource

Management organisational learning workshops. These

platforms bring together directors, regional managers and

other officials to enhance organisational communication,

build internal human capacity and improve interaction

between nRM practitioners.

sanbI, in partnership with Dea-nRM, convened four

regional Management, Research and Planning forums

(MaRePs). These learning platforms aim to share

information between natural resource managers,

practitioners, researchers and planners. The focus of the

regional MaRePs was on ‘social-ecological systems’ and

adopting a social learning approach to better engage

with various natural resource management partners.

sanbI, in partnership with the Institute of natural

Resources (InR), hosted a workshop to support the

development of the kwaZulu-natal nrm strategy and

Implementation Plan. This Dea initiative is aimed at

coordinating efforts of multiple actors to control invasive

alien plants, and rehabilitate riparian areas, wetlands

and related ecological infrastructure. The purpose of

the workshop was to share plans from stakeholders

and identify opportunities for coordination of nRM

investments across the province.

ecosystem-based adaptation

sanbI co-chaired, with Dea, two meetings of the

ecosystem-based adaptation (eba) coordinating

steering committee. This steering committee oversees

the implementation of the strategic framework and

overarching implementation plan for the eba programme

of work in south africa. This work aims to demonstrate how

well-functioning ecosystems can reduce vulnerability

and build resilience to climate change.

sanbI participated in the national stakeholder workshop

for action Plan Development, climate change adaptation

and ecosystem-based Priority areas Mapping. The

workshop was part of the process to operationalise the

overarching implementation plan for eba in south africa.

38


sanbI convenes the biodiversity stewardship Technical

Working Group, which leads the technical, strategic and

operational aspects of biodiversity stewardship in south

africa. The working group collaboratively developed the

national biodiversity stewardship Guidelines, which serve

as a best practice implementation guide for biodiversity

stewardship across the country. The working group

included the first training of its kind in south africa on the

legal aspects of biodiversity stewardship and declaration

of protected areas.

The inaugural meeting of the biodiversity stewardship legal reference Group was held. The focus of the

meeting was on addressing legal issues related to

biodiversity stewardship, including the declaration

and regularisation of protected areas, as well as their

management and financial sustainability. It was

composed of legal representatives from national and

provincial government, as well as from non-governmental

organisations.

sanbI, together with birdlife south africa and the

endangered Wildlife Trust, co-hosted a national workshop

on conservation servitudes. conservation servitudes

fall within the ‘conservation areas’ category of the

biodiversity stewardship hierarchy. The purpose was to

create an understanding of conservation servitudes, how

and when they should be applied and to present the

findings from a legal review that was conducted.

Supporting environmental management and land-use planning

sanbI is implementing the ecological Infrastructure

challenge fund (eIcf), which aims to increase resources

allocated to biodiversity management and job creation

through ecosystem restoration and maintenance

at municipal level. The diverse set of pilot projects

will demonstrate how well-functioning ecological

infrastructure can deliver benefits to communities and

support built infrastructure within municipalities. sanbI

finalised an agreement with the Table Mountain fund to

implement eIcf projects in the cape Winelands District.

funding has also been approved for the Mthinzima

Rehabilitation Project in uMngeni local Municipality,

which involves the rehabilitation of wetlands upstream of

Midmar Dam. a total of 45 jobs will be created in these

pilot projects.

sanbI supported Dea in the development of a series of

biodiversity protocols which will be implemented as part

of Dea’s online environmental Impact assessment (eIa)

screening Tool. These protocols will articulate the steps

sanbI co-hosted the International ecosystem-based

adaptation (eba) community of practice workshop with

the Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GiZ),

which included a training session on policy advice for

mainstreaming eba. The event brought together the

diverse perspectives of eba practitioners from around

the world, including south africa, vietnam, Mexico, India,

Thailand, Peru, Kenya, Mali, Philippines, Germany and

colombia.

Biodiversity and land use project

The $8.2 million Gef-funded biodiversity and land Use

(blU) project is led by sanbI and works in partnership with

four district municipalities, ehlanzeni, uMgungundlovu,

cape Winelands and amathole. The project has two

components through which it enhances streamlined

environmental decision-making, protects critical

biodiversity areas and improves the management of land.

Supporting biodiversity stewardship

sanbI, in partnership with Dea and other partners,

convened the national biodiversity stewardship

conference. a wide range of stakeholders were

represented including community representatives,

national and provincial government, non-government

organisations, academics and private consultants. The

conference provided an opportunity to find synergies

between biodiversity stewardship and land reform,

the wildlife economy and working with communal

landowners.

sanbI, together with its partners, Dea and the Department

of land Reform and Rural Development, also convened

a trilateral meeting for the land Reform and biodiversity

stewardship Initiative.

south africa’s fiscal benefits for biodiversity stewardship

work, being implemented in partnership with birdlife

south africa, aims to strengthen and implement

biodiversity stewardship tax incentives. This value of work

has been recognised in multiple ways, including listing on

PanoRaMa solutions for a Healthy Planet as an example

of an inspiring, replicable solution for conservation and

sustainable development. It was also featured as a case

study for the biodiversity finance Initiative (bIofIn) south

africa, and in the IUcn’s Privately Protected area best

Practice Guideline, as well as the UnDP’s country Review

of south africa. The fiscal benefits work received a special

commendation at the International Pathfinder awards

2018, presented at the 14th conference of the Parties to

the convention of biological Diversity (cbD coP) in egypt.


39

sanbI also conducted a range of work relating to biodiversity

offsets, which are a last resort measure to remedy the

negative impacts of development. sanbI presented

on biodiversity offsets at the national biodiversity and

business network Indaba. In collaboration with the InR,

sanbI hosted a workshop on coordinating biodiversity

offsets in KwaZulu-natal, attended by representatives of

provincial government, conservation agencies and nGos.

The workshop initiated a process towards more effectively

integrating biodiversity offsets into eIas and other

decision-making processes in the province. sanbI also

co-hosted a training workshop to introduce biodiversity

offsets, provide a context for their use and give guidance

on their design and implementation. The training was

attended by government officials, environmental lawyers,

environmental assessment practitioners, biodiversity

specialists and nGos. sanbI staff co-authored a paper

biodiversity offsets which won the 2017 award for best

paper published in the Impact assessment and Project

appraisal journal.

natural capital Accounting

natural capital accounting provides a framework for

measuring and tracking over time the contribution

of healthy ecosystems to social and economic goals.

It provides a tool for national reporting on the global

sustainable Development Goals (sDGs). Development

of accounts for ecosystem assets and ecosystem services

links closely with sanbI’s mandate to monitor and report

on the state of south africa’s ecosystems. sanbI is playing

a lead role nationally and globally, thorough which south

africa’s experience is informing the development of a

global standard for ecosystem accounting.

statistics south africa (stats sa) and sanbI are currently

co-leading a two-year project on natural capital

accounting & valuation of ecosystem services, in which

south africa is one of five participating countries along

with brazil, china, India and Mexico. The project is led

globally by the United nations statistics Division and Un

environment, with funding from the european Union.

a suite of natural capital accounts are currently being

produced as part of this project, including ecosystem and

species accounts. as part of this project, sanbI together

with stats sa released an assessment Report on natural

capital accounting in south africa, which will feed into

the development of a national strategy for natural capital

accounting over the course of 2019.

to be followed when developers want to develop on

land that has priority biodiversity. sanbI developed the

Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem Protocols.

sanbI coordinated the development of the Minimum

Requirements for environment in spatial Development

frameworks (sDfs) document. This document will set

out what environmental aspects municipalities need to

include in their sDfs to safeguard their biodiversity assets

and ecological infrastructure.

To enhance streamlined environmental decision making,

the blU project has a strong focus on coordinating

capacity building sessions. Two training workshops were

held in Pretoria (in collaboration with Dea) and KwaZulu-

natal, which introduced provincial and municipal officials

to the concept of critical biodiversity areas, ecological

support areas, ecological infrastructure and how these

can be better incorporated into environmental Impact

assessments (eIas) and land-use planning. In partnership

with the uMgungundlovu stakeholder forum, blU built

capacity among ondlunkulu (amakhosi’s wives) on issues

of Integrated environmental Management. In partnership

with the uMngeni Resilience Project, blU built capacity

among community Development Workers from the

Department of cooperative Governance and Traditional

affairs on climate change and ecological infrastructure.

sanbI received approval to include biodiversity for

sustainable Development, an eIa training programme,

into the capacity building programme of the International

association for Impact assessment (IaIa) south africa. The

training programme has been developed for government

eIa review staff, environmental assessment Practitioners

and specialists, to better understand the minimum

requirements for biodiversity information and how this

biodiversity information should be considered in decision

making. sanbI also attended the 2018 IaIa conference,

where it presented on the use of section 24 (2a) of the

national environmental Management act (act 107 of

199) to protect certain strategic Water source areas.

sanbI participated in the International society of city

and Regional Planners conference in norway. Under

the theme ‘cool Planning’, the conference brought

together urban planners to discuss how cities can

better prepare for the impacts of climate change. sanbI

presented on integrating climate change resilience into

spatial development tools in south africa through the

development of cba maps.

40


biodiversity planning. a key consultation session

was held on the revised threat status assessment for

terrestrial ecosystems undertaken as part of the national

biodiversity assessment 2018.

sanbI published and disseminated a factsheet on Using

cba Maps to support land-use planning and decision-

making. cba Maps are maps of critical biodiversity areas

(cbas) and ecological support areas that provide a spatial

plan for ecological sustainability. The factsheet describes

what cba Maps are, how they are developed and how

they should be used.

cAPe legacy project

sanbI, together with about 60 partners, launched the

caPe legacy project. caPe (cape action for People and

the environment) was established nearly 20 years ago

to conserve and restore the internationally renowned

biodiversity hotspot known as the cape floristic Region.

The caPe legacy project aims to conduct a participant-

driven evaluation of the past 20 years of caPe, to reflect on

the legacy of caPe partnerships, explore what transpired

and document the lessons learnt, to inform the future of

caPe.

sanbI continues to be involved in other legacy

commitments from its previous bioregional programmes,

including caPe and the succulent Karoo ecosystem

Programme (sKeP). This includes convening partner

events, contributing to reflective learning processes,

as well as continued contributions to ongoing

organisational requirements of implementation plans.

These programmes have resulted in lasting collaborations

among a variety of different organisations, which are still

being supported.

access to bIodIversIty data, InformatIon

and knoWledGe

sanbI’s mandate requires it to collect, generate,

process, coordinate and disseminate information about

biodiversity and sustainable use of indigenous biological

resources, and establish and maintain databases.

Biodiversity information Management

The national biodiversity Information system (nbIs) will

provide access to south african biodiversity information

through a centralised web-based infrastructure, to

support researchers, managers, policy and decision-

makers, and planners in achieving their goals, as well as

helping sanbI monitor biodiversity. Phase 1 previously

developed the design protocol through an intensive

scoping and consultation process. sanbI has now

sanbI, toGether WIth stats sa and dea, rePresented soUth afrIca at several Global events related to natUral caPItal accoUntInG:

• The 3rd forum of experts in experimental ecosystem

accounting, held in new york, aimed to advance

the theory and practice of ecosystem accounting.

The forum was co-hosted by the United nations,

World bank and european Union, with 25 countries

represented. sanbI presented the technical aspects

of south africa’s national river ecosystem accounts,

as one of the only countries to have developed such

accounts.

• The 3rd forum on natural capital accounting for

better Policy, convened jointly by the United nations

and World bank was held in Paris, with the theme

being the role of natural capital accounting in

improving decision making on climate change and

biodiversity. sanbI presented south africa’s country

experience of natural capital accounting as a tool for

mainstreaming biodiversity.

• an expert Meeting on Indicators for sDGs and the

Post-2020 agenda for biodiversity, held in cambridge,

was hosted jointly by the United nations statistics

Division and Un environment’s World conservation

Monitoring centre (WcMc). The meeting focused

on developing national and global environmental

indicators based on natural capital accounts. sanbI

presented south africa’s work on natural capital

accounting, highlighting how it can contribute

especially to indicators related to ecosystem condition

and protection.

Biodiversity Planning

sanbI hosted the 15th annual national biodiversity Planning forum in the eastern cape. The forum provides

an opportunity for those involved in spatial biodiversity

planning to share and synthesise valuable lessons from

systematic biodiversity planning projects. There was a

focus on technical aspects of the national biodiversity

assessment 2018, systematic biodiversity assessment

and planning in africa, integrating biodiversity into land-

use planning and environmental management, and

discussing national data needs for biological invasions.

sanbI hosted the Provincial and Metro biodiversity

Planning Working Group. The aim of the working group

is to ensure consistency of biodiversity plans across the

country and provide an opportunity for biodiversity

planners to resolve technical issues related to systematic


41

initiated Phase 2, which has begun the build of the

centralised web-based infrastructure. sanbI has finalised

a collaboration agreement with the national biodiversity

Data centre in Ireland allowing for technical and scientific

collaboration on biodiversity information management.

sanbI held the annual Joint biodiversity Information

Management-foundational biodiversity Information

Programme forum. This forum promotes collaboration

in the development of biodiversity information

management practice in south africa. There was a strong

focus on the collection, analysis and use of biodiversity

data in the context of global change. a student forum,

and a training workshop focusing on biodiversity geo-

referencing were held as part of the forum.

sanbI participated in the Global biodiversity Informatics

conference in copenhagen. The meeting developed a

roadmap towards improving integration across the many

global information platforms to derive maximum benefit

for the use of data for research, policy and societal benefit.

consensus was reached that a coordination mechanism,

involving a coalition of partners, was required and that

the Global biodiversity Information facility (GbIf) would

be the key driver in establishing this.

Africa Strategy

sanbI is the Global biodiversity Information facility (GbIf)

africa regional representative and leads the GbIf-africa

network. as part of its obligations in this role, sanbI

participated in a number of international GbIf meetings.

sanbI attended the GbIf-africa regional meeting hosted

by the Tanzanian GbIf node in Dar-es-salaam, which

brought together 20 GbIf country nodes, observers and

international organisations. It focused on the current

status, achievements and challenges at biodiversity data

and information sharing, as well as the use of biodiversity

data for more effective research, policy development

and decision making. sanbI also participated in the GbIf

Governing board meeting in Ireland, as part of the south

african delegation led by DsT, where sanbI presented on

its collaborative work across the continent to support the

data-science-policy value chain. sanbI also attended the

GbIf Joint nodes steering Group and science committee

meeting in copenhagen, to support africa’s position in

the GbIf agenda.

sanbI, in collaboration with the GbIf and the Un

environment’s WcMc, designed a Data Use for Decision-

making workshop to demonstrate how mobilised data

can be used in the development of information products

that feed into national policy-making processes. The

workshop provided 55 participants from 30 african

counties with skills to work across the data-science-policy

value chain. This workshop also helped to operationalise

a number of strategic objectives in the sanbI Regional

engagement strategy for africa (2016–2021).

sanbI hosted a fitness for Use of biodiversity data training event, aimed at growing skills and capacity in

biodiversity informatics nationally and regionally. sanbI

supported representatives from five african countries

to participate. The training focused on key areas of data

management relevant to the production of data that is

fit-for-use in biodiversity research and assessments to

inform policy development and environmental decision

making.

sanbI coordinates the african biodiversity challenge

(abc) project, funded by the JRs biodiversity foundation,

which aims to build capacity and provide incentives for

countries to mobilise biodiversity data and establish

biodiversity informatics networks. The competition

phase of this project concluded in December 2018. This

competition aimed to galvanise four african countries

(Rwanda, Ghana, namibia and Malawi) to mobilise as

many policy-relevant data records as possible and to

forge long-term partnerships with end users of the

data. The teams published 110 534 data records and all

identified partnerships and policy entry-points necessary

to mainstream their data. Ghana won the gold medal

upon completion because of their effective team building

and networking skills, as well as producing a detailed

and advanced road map for biodiversity informatics

in the country. sanbI facilitated engagements on

biodiversity information management and supported

biodiversity Information Management forums across the

participating countries. It also facilitated a workshop to

build capacity in developing funding proposals to assist

the four countries in securing longer-term funding to

sustain the momentum of biodiversity informatics.

Mapping biodiversity Priorities in africa, a joint project

between sanbI and Un environment’s WcMc, with

funding from the Japan biodiversity fund of the cbD,

was formally initiated in april 2018. The project is working

in three pilot countries, botswana, ethiopia and Malawi,

to test the application of the sanbI-WcMc publication,

Mapping biodiversity Priorities, which sets out a

science-based approach to national spatial biodiversity

assessment and prioritisation, drawing on south africa’s

experience. Workshops were held with the pilot countries

to collate data and develop the building blocks for a

national spatial biodiversity assessment. Initial outputs

from the project were presented at the cbD coP in egypt.

42


libraries and publications

sanbI hosts the chair for the biodiversity Heritage library

(bHl) africa which aims to provide open access to valuable

information held in africa’s biodiversity institutions. sanbI

secured an extension for the bHl project to the value of

R850 000, which will enable a further year for digitising

additional books in all four of the project countries (Kenya,

south africa, Tanzania and Uganda), as well as provide

additional capacity development training to grow the

bHl network.

sanbI’s african biodiversity and conservation journal

published an editorial on the Contributions to the National

Status Report on Biological Invasions in South Africa which

won an award for the most highly cited south african

manuscript in 2017 within the Web of science. This

confirms the value of our commitment to an open-source

online journal as a platform for making research available.

sanbI’s Graphics & editing Unit continues to publish both

the strelitzia and suricata monograph series as well as other

ad hoc publications. a taxonomic revision of Calobota

(Strelitzia 39), the systematics of Drimia (Hyacinthaceae:

Urgineoideae) in southern africa (Stelitzia 40), and the

flora of the eastern cape, in three volumes (Strelitzia

41), were published. sanbI was invited to participate

at the launch of the Manual of afrotropical Diptera at

the International congress of Dipterology in namibia.

sanbI published the first two Diptera volumes (total of

four) in January 2018 as Suricata 4 and 5. The publication

has been internationally acclaimed as a benchmark

publication in the field of dipterology, profiling sanbI’s

role in promoting africa-wide studies on biodiversity and

the development of world class publications.

scIentIfIc advIce to sUPPort natIonal and

InternatIonal PolIcy Processes

sanbI’s primary mandate is to generate, coordinate and

interpret the knowledge and evidence required to support

policies and decisions relating to better management

and conservation of south africa’s biodiversity assets and

ecological infrastructure. sanbI fills a unique role within

the south african biodiversity sector, linking scientific

knowledge with direct policy advice to government.

Biodiversity Policy Advice

sanbI supported Dea in the negotiations at the 14th conference of Parties of the convention on biological

Diversity (cbD coP) held in egypt as part of the south

african delegation. The theme for coP14 was ‘Investing

in biodiversity for people and planet’ and sanbI

participated in a number of side events profiling its

work on mainstreaming biodiversity into production

sectors and policies of government, and demonstrating

the contribution of biodiversity to social and economic

wellbeing. a key event was the celebration of south

africa’s 20 newly declared Marine Protected areas, which

increased the area of south africa’s marine environment

under formal protection from 0.4% to 5%.

sanbI supported Dea in the completion of several

international reporting requirements for international

conventions that south africa is signatory to. sanbI

compiled the 6th national Report to the cbD, which

highlights key activities and progress made in achieving

the cbD objectives and targets at a national level. sanbI

also supported the development of the Dea-led country

Report to the United nations convention to combat

Desertification (UnccD). The country report outlines

progress towards the achievement of the strategic

objectives of the UnccD, related to the condition

of ecosystems and populations, drought, global

environmental benefits and the mobilisation of resources

to support the implementation of the convention.

sanbI is, at Dea’s request, leading on the spatial analysis

for the phased Gas Pipeline strategic environmental

assessment (sea) to support the national government’s

strategic Integrated Projects. This will identify and refine

route corridors for the efficient construction of a phased

gas pipeline network in south africa and extend the

electricity grid infrastructure network where necessary.

sanbI participated in the phased Gas Pipeline sea road

show in october 2018.

The Review Panel for bioregional Plans, convened and

chaired by sanbI, approved two bioregional plans in the

limpopo Province. bioregional plans are published in

terms of the biodiversity act, and provide a powerful tool

for mainstreaming biodiversity into land-use planning

and environmental authorisation processes. These two

new bioregional plans, for the capricorn and sekhukune

districts, will complement the existing bioregional plans

to provide full coverage of the limpopo Province – the

first province to have achieved this.

PolIcy sUPPort on clImate chanGe

adaPtatIon to Inform natIonal and

InternatIonal decIsIon makInG

south africa is facing increasing socio-economic

pressures as a result of the impacts of climate change.

sanbI is an accredited entity for the Green climate fund


43

(Gcf) and is south africa’s national Implementing entity

(nIe) of the Global adaptation fund.

Adaptation fund

sanbI is south africa’s national Implementing entity

(nIe) of the Global adaptation fund. It has two approved

projects which are in their 4th year of implementation.

sanbI was re-accredited with the adaptation fund in

March 2019, for a further five-year period.

The ‘Taking adaptation to the Ground: a small Grants

facility for enabling local level Responses to climate

change’ project, with a value of $2.5 million, is being

implemented in the namakwa and Mopani district

municipalities of the northern cape and limpopo

provinces respectively, and is planned for four years.

The project has contracted its targeted 12 small grant

recipients, and will beneficiate 882 vulnerable people

through tangible outputs such as climate smart

community gardens, climate resilient livestock and

livestock shelters. a mid-term evaluation of the small

Grants facility project found the project to be on track

towards delivering its contracted outcomes.

The building Resilience in the Greater uMngeni

catchment project has a value of $7.5 million and is

planned for 6.5 years. It is being implemented in the

KwaZulu-natal province by the uMgungundlovu District

Municipality in collaboration with the University of

KwaZulu-natal. Through its climate Resilient agriculture

investments, the project has built the capacity of 575

local farmers by providing them with support to improve

the climate-resilience of their farming systems. This has

resulted in increased yields for farmers, who have also

been assisted with establishing co-operatives and selling

their produce to local markets. support also includes

short and long-term agro-meteorological forecasts

and lightning warnings that are part of a bigger multi-

hazard early warning system that is being set up, which

will also include flood and fire warnings. The project has

an extensive awareness raising and capacity building

programme targeting a wide range of stakeholders, from

schoolchildren to community members to local and

traditional authorities.

Green climate fund

sanbI is a Direct access accredited entity of the Gcf. The

Gcf is the largest operating entity of the United nations

framework convention on climate change, which

finances projects aimed at responding to climate change.

sanbI has been leading a comprehensive process to

call for and identify project proposals for development

into full submissions to the Gcf. The process included

national information sharing and capacity building efforts

and an extensive five-step review process. as a result, a

set of priorities for project development and two first

stage concept note proposals have been initiated for

submission to the Gcf in 2019.

climate change events and information sharing

sanbI participated in a number of Gcf, adaptation fund

and other international climate change events to share

lessons and experiences from south africa:

• The Gcf second structured Dialogue with africa

in Mali, where accredited entities and national

authorities shared lessons and challenges of accessing

Gcf funding.

• The Gcf Direct access entities workshop in songdo,

to discuss the Gcf’s simplified approval Process and

applicable criteria were discussed.

• sanbI co-hosted and participated extensively in the

fifth international adaptation futures conference

hosted in cape Town, where the sanbI ceo provided

the opening welcome. sanbI hosted an event to

celebrate south africa’s two adaptation fund projects,

at which the sanbI board chair presented partners

certificates of appreciation to projects.

• The adaptation fund’s Readiness seminar in

Washington, where sanbI presented on its

implementation of the environmental and social

Policy safeguards on the adaptation fund projects

and shared lessons and tools with other national

Implementing entities.

• The africa Project Preparation technical workshop

hosted with a range of partners, focused on project

preparation for transformative climate resilient Gcf

water project concepts in africa.

• The southern african climate finance Partnership

Regional learning forum in namibia, and the Gcf

adaptation Rationale Workshop in Philippines,

provided opportunities for sanbI to strengthen its

Gcf project development processes.

• The Unfccc coP 24 in Poland, where sanbI presented

its lessons and experiences on several panels and in

side events.

44



• sanbI jointly celebrated International Day of the forest

with Daff; activities included keynote address by the

ceo, sanbI delegates attending the symposium and

conducting a tour of the Pretoria national botanical

Garden for the local and international delegates.

• Hosting and mentoring four yes programme

beneficiaries.

• Presented a water programme for learners at the

national Indaba on ecological Infrastructure for Water

security; the programme enabled the learners to

interact with the Minister at the Indaba.

• entered into a partnership with vPK, Dea nRM service

provider to host 19 beneficiaries placed at both the

Pretoria national botanical Garden and nZG.

PRoGRaMMe 6bIoDIveRsITy HUMan caPITal

DeveloPMenT anD eDUcaTIon

PUrPose

Provide human capital development, biodiversity

education and awareness in response to sanbI’s mandate.


• a transformed and suitably skilled workforce for the

biodiversity sector is developed;

• all national botanical gardens are promoted and used

as platforms for biodiversity awareness, education

and recreation; and

• civil society is engaged to contribute to science,

monitoring and biodiversity conservation.


• Develop black biodiversity professionals through

human capital development initiatives, including

structured internships, post-graduate studentships,

and a fellowship programme for the achievement of a

transformed and skilled workforce in the biodiversity

sector;

• Universities to participate in biodiversity careers

programme; and

• Promote Kids in Gardens Programme to celebrate

environmental theme days.

Fundisa for Change teachers engaging with innovative teaching methods.


45

a research study conducted a number of years ago on

biodiversity careers found that university students, as well

as high school learners, are not aware of career and job

opportunities that exist within the biodiversity sector.

This is in stark contrast with the need to draw young

black professionals into the sector in order to eventually

fill scarce skills positions. In addition, the research found

that there was a need to expose learners to careers in the

biodiversity sector at the primary school level in order

to impact on the subject choices which would allow

them to follow appropriate study pathways. Therefore,

the biodiversity careers Programme consists of the

directorate’s participation in university career fairs, as well

as the facilitation of high school career expo’s and primary

school career visits. Universities host career fairs at different

times with the aim of exposing both undergraduate and

postgraduate students to career information, as well as

job opportunities in various sectors.

This year, the directorate participated in 16 career fairs

at 13 different universities. The stand at each career

fair showcased sanbI in general, but also provided

specific career information about the priority skills in the

biodiversity sector. feedback from the engagement with

the students was very positive in that students confirmed

that the information shared was new to them as well

as extremely beneficial. The high school career expos

were once again facilitated with about 531 learners in

a highly structured manner. The various environmental

organisations, sanbI units and universities which were

invited to participate were assigned designated areas

or stands and groups of learners were guided from one

stand to the next in a planned sequence. each group

of learners spent about 15 minutes at each stand and

engaged with a biodiversity professional representing

a specific biodiversity career in order to gain an

understanding of what the career entails, which tertiary

education courses allows entry into the career and which


The programme is cross cutting in that it is implemented

through all sanbI’s programmes, with the intention

to ensure that the sector is transformed through

identification, attraction and retention of priority and

rare skills amongst south africans, especially the youth.

It is also the programme’s intention to up-skill those

already in the biodiversity sector so as to address not

only historical legacies of a bottom heavy sector but also

chronic capacity shortages of leadership especially by

black female south africans. a key aim of this programme

in the next few years is to review the national biodiversity

Human capital Development strategy (nbHcDs) and to

set future priorities. Resource mobilisation is critical to the

delivery of a highly impactful programme for sanbI and

the biodiversity sector as a whole.

The partnership between the sanbI Zoological

systematics and collections Directorate and the bee

Directorate linked to a bird monitoring project in the

Thomo, Modjadji and burgerfort villages in limpopo

continued this year. as this is also seen as a human capital

development project, the bee centre in Pretoria nbG

assisted with the planning and facilitation of the training

of 22 young people who will become citizen scientists

for this project.

Water Week in Betty’s Bay.

Engaging with students at the UNISA Career Fair.

High School Career Expo at Harold Porter NBG.

46


other potential career pathways could be followed. The

universities provided information about admissions, fees

and potential bursaries.

In addition to the directorate’s planned biodiversity

career Programme, the bee centres also responded to

ad hoc requests for sanbI to participate in career expos.

Therefore, bee staff members participated in the sasol

Techno X in sasolburg, the Moutse West career expo in

limpopo, the science Unlimited expo in Hammanskraal,

and the Department of Public Works’ career expo in

Khayelitsha. In addition, the Pretoria nbG bee centre

once again partnered with the australia–south africa

alumni association in order to host 45 learners and two

teachers from letsibogo Girls High school for the Take-a-

Girl-child-To-Work campaign. The same bee centre also

participated in Dea’s Take-a-Girl-child-To-Work campaign

with 33 learners from two high schools.

The Kids in Gardens Programme involves learning

programmes being facilitated in the gardens to a range

of beneficiaries – school learners, youth, students from

higher educational institutions and adults. The learning

programmes are based on interdisciplinary, integrated

and active approaches to education and aim to

increase environmental knowledge and skills, promote

environmental values, and create opportunities for

people to take action to address environmental issues.

for the school learners, the programmes are designed

in a way that supports the current south african

national education policies by drawing on subject-and

grade-specific curricula, while at the same time, finding

expression for biodiversity conservation messages.

schools that specialise in the education of learners with

special educational needs (lsen) also participate in

the Kids in Gardens Programme but for these groups,

individualised learning programmes are designed so that

they carefully match the specific physical and/or mental

challenges of the learners. In a similar way, learning

programmes for youth, student and adult groups are

designed to meet their interests and needs. With many

of the economically disadvantaged communities

located very far from the gardens, a significant number

of beneficiaries are offered sponsored transport in

order to participate in the programme. In addition, very

impoverished schools are fully sponsored to attend

the learning programmes especially those linked to

the environmental theme weeks. This year, the Kids in

Gardens Programme reached 55 341 beneficiaries, which

is 2.48% more than the target of 54 000. Included in this

total, there were 170 schools with 13 564 learners who

participated in the programme for the first time; 16 lsen

schools with 517 physically and/or mentally challenged

learners; 16 youth groups with 614 beneficiaries; and 5

adult groups with 104 beneficiaries.

The bee Directorate celebrated nine environmental days

and weeks this year: Plant conservation Day, biodiversity

Day, environmental Week, arbor Week, Wetlands Week,

Water Week, climate change Week, Weedbuster Week

and World fisheries Day. In addition, earth Day and

International forest Day were celebrated at the Pretoria

nbG bee centre. With the aim of raising environmental

awareness in communities, the events generally have the

format of short speeches or information-sharing sessions

followed by actual environmental actions such as planting

trees or an indigenous garden. When the environmental

days and weeks are celebrated in the gardens, special

lessons are facilitated with learners. This year, a total of 3

922 beneficiaries participated in this programme.

Learners in the Karoo Desert NBG.

Holiday programmes were facilitated within the gardens

during the school holiday periods this year. While some of

the bee centres took bookings for children to participate

in fun programmes which included art workshops, story-

telling and nature treasure hunts, other bee centres

invited children from disadvantaged communities to

Arbor Week celebrations in Pietermaritzburg.


47

continue the transformative agenda in the sector as far as

race, gender and age is concerned.

cIvIl socIety enGaGed to contrIbUte to

scIence, monItorInG and bIodIversIty

conservatIon

custodians of rare and endangered Wildflowers

Programme:

The custodians of Rare and endangered Wildflowers

(cReW) Programme, a citizen science initiative that

involves members of the public in monitoring threatened

and rare plants had a successful year in 2018, conducting

370 field trips across 58 regions of south africa. a total of

488 plant species of conservation concern were surveyed.

as this programme has been in operation for 15 years, an

external review was conducted. The review concluded

that cReW has leveraged the goodwill, expertise, time

and financial resources of 957 volunteer citizen scientists,

which has enabled sanbI to acquire vastly more data than

it would have had the programme been implemented

using only sanbI staff. over the course of the project

178 803 person hours had been donated, the equivalent

of 98 person years. a total of 100 570 records for 8 973

plants have been recorded by cReW citizen scientists,

which equates to 44% of the flora, and data has been

collected for 2 120 threatened and rare plants since 2003.

In light of the vast geographical extent of the country,

the immense diversity of south africa’s flora, and the

depth of skills and experience needed to accurately

identify species, which takes an extensive period of time

to acquire, the review concluded that programme has

delivered a high return on investment and should be

maintained by sanbI in partnership with the botanical

society of south africa.

cItIZen scIence day

on 14 april 2018 sanbI celebrated International citizen

science Day at the old Mutual conference centre at

Kirstenbosch. sanbI hosted a range of biodiversity related

citizen science Projects with each project showcasing

their work to the public. a range of exciting activities

were on offer and these included a Transcribathon

(getting people to digitise information from herbarium

specimen labels), inaturalist uploading stations and

telescope viewing sessions. Prospective citizen scientists

could interact with project implementers to find out

about each project’s activities and how they contribute

to conservation. a total of 13 projects were presented on

the day providing an incredible opportunity for citizens

enjoy fun activities in the gardens. In addition, a few

centres specifically invited children and youth from

places of safety, orphanages and substance abuse

programmes to participate in holiday programmes tailor-

made for them. approximately 628 children and youth

were reached through this programme.

The combatting biodiversity crimes Programme was

facilitated at certain bee centres this year with the focus

on cycads and threatened medicinal plants. This year, 204

beneficiaries were reached through these events.

Groen sebenZa Project

sanbI received R15.7 million from Dea nRM to implement

the Groen sebenza Project over a three-year period. The

funds are earmarked to take forward the work done in

Groen sebenza I Project, thus addressing priority skills

as identified in the national biodiversity Human capital

Development strategy (nbHcDs).

Due to the limited funding Groen sebenza Project could

only enable sanbI to recruit 40 beneficiaries who will be

trained and mentored within the institute across different

divisions/directorates. all 40 beneficiaries hold nQf

level 6 qualifications and upwards as Groen sebenza I

Project identified this as a key component of building a

successful career in the biodiversity sector. The project

aims to develop identified priority skills in sanbI and the

sector broadly, thus the young people will be trained

in fields such as GIs and biodiversity spatial planning,

ecology, science research, veterinary services, taxonomy,

informatics, climate change, biological invasions,

horticulture, human capital development, etc.

as per the principles of the Groen sebenza Programme,

all of the beneficiaries of Groen sebenza Project are

mainly from rural and urban distressed areas, they are

unemployed youth (100%), with 97% being african, 58%

being females and 9% are people with disabilities. This

iteration of the Groen sebenza Programme will, therefore ,

Combatting biodiversity crimes at KwaZulu-Natal NBG.

48


to find projects that interested them. citizen science Day

was such a success that it is likely to become an annual

event on the sanbI calendar.

natIonal bIodIversIty assessment 2018 caPacItates over 80 yoUnG PeoPle

The nba is usually conducted by the best available

experts to be a credible product. However, from the

beginning of the nba process everything was done

to also build capacity in the sector while producing a

scientifically credible product. our statistics collected on

contributors to the nba 2018 show that 87 young people

benefited from being involved in the nba process (21%

of all contributors). approximately 74% of these young

people are from historically disadvantaged groups and

62% are women. We defined ‘young people’ as having less

than or equal to four years’ experience because effectively

the nba took nearly 5 years to complete.

sanbI recognises it does not have the capacity to

undertake all aspects of the nba, and the ‘network of

partners’ approach is therefore utilised, with over 80

institutions being involved in the nba in some way.

numerous interns, students, research assistants and

young staff from various institutions are involved in many

aspects of nba work. Their learning included observing

the nba governance processes, specialist GIs work

improving the maps of ecosystem types, digitising and

georeferencing specimen records, assisting on fieldwork,

cleaning data for Red list assessments (see page 49),

undertaking literature reviews and much more. for

nba 2018, sanbI alone had over 20 research assistants

and interns during the 2015–2019 nba period, and

also several students who conducted research projects

relevant to the nba.

Preliminary estimates show that 12% of the 126 individuals

credited as authors on an nba report are in the youth

category – which means that we have promising young

scientists who will become lead authors on the next nba.

SANBI’s first Citizen Science Day celebrated on 14 April 2018

where a range of projects were presented to members of

the public.

SANBI’s vegetation scientist Anisha Dayaram showing the

2018/19 interns how to identify soil texture.

Cycads being audited and forensic evidence being collected to support regulation of cycad trade


49


• securing the sustainability of the coordination role of the fundisa for change Programme.

• celebration of additional environmental theme days; earth Day and national forest Day.

• exceeding the set target of Kids in Gardens Programme by 2.48 per cent.

• Training of Mpumalanga Department of agriculture, Rural Development, land and environment officials through the

biocrimes programme, focusing on cycads and threatened medicinal plants.

• a total of 40 beneficiaries of the Groen sebenza Project report for duty on 01 March 2019.

Red List Threat Status of species organised by taxonomic groups for terrestrial, freshwater, marine and estaurine realms. This forms part of the National Biodiversity Assessment. Categories follow the IUCN 3.1 Red List Criteria with an added category of “Rare” for local endemics.

50


I think the quote by Jacques yves cousteau, ‘The sea,

once it casts it’s spell, holds one in it’s net of wonder

forever’, best describes my year in the marine unit.

starting the internship I had expectations that were

influenced by marine research articles that I had read,

what my lecturers spoke about and the very little

voluntary experience that I had. so my idea of a ‘job’ in the

field of biology was science, science and more science.

When I started my internship at sanbI, everything I had

learned before came into context but what was more

bUIlDInG THe TalenT PIPelIne – InTeRns HosTeD In 2018/19sanbI’s internship programme fulfils three objectives, namely to expose students to the possibility of a career in research/

science; to provide training in specific skills required to achieve sanbI’s research mandate; and to provide an opportunity

for established research staff to identify students for further training and development in association with sanbI. sanbI

hosted 31 interns nationally in the year under review. Most of these interns were placed in scarce skill areas.

see below how some describe their internship experience:

sInothando shIbe (dst-nrf fUnded Intern) exciting was to be exposed to new things, things that are

not in the university’s curriculum. very soon after starting

my internship I got the opportunity to go on an offshore

sampling expedition on the north of KwaZulu-natal. It

changed my life. I had never seen the sea floor in real

time and I think it was during those moments that the sea

cast its spell on me because I’m still in its net of wonder.

from there on I knew that offshore ecology was where I

wanted my career to go. I was then very fortunate to get

the chance to further my studies with an offshore ecology

project from sanbI and funded by sanbI! see how the

spell works? something that I really appreciated about

being at sanbI was getting the opportunity to meet

people from different sectors and learning how those

sectors fit in the marine field. for example, in september,

I was part of the IoI Regional african Governance course

where I met people from all over the african continent

and experts from different sectors. I left the course with a

different perspective and with a clear understanding that

there is more to marine science than just biodiversity. for

me, the internship was more than just work experience,

it’s amazing how being in that environment contributed

so much to my personal and academic growth. I left the

internship with great certainty that I am in the right field,

as well as motivated to go further.


51

randall josePhs (dst-nrf fUnded Intern)

I was nearing the end of an internship with the custodians

of Rare and endangered Wildflowers (sanbI) and the

plans I had going forward with my studies and career

were completely derailed, which left me in the wilderness

with regards to the direction I would follow. fortunately,

opportunity knocks when you least expect it. I was placed

at the compton Herbarium (sanbI) through the national

Research foundation Internship programme. This was an

ideal placement because of my background in taxonomy,

as well as the opportunities that were available once the

internship had ended.

During my internship, one of the major learning areas

was being involved in the daily processes which occur

within the herbarium. It was interesting to see all the

different facets of the herbarium and how they work

together. another learning area was providing assistance

on different research projects alongside scientists and

students. The opportunity to learn from established

scientists was invaluable to me. The time that I spent in

the herbarium has really given me the tools and focus to

achieve the goals that I have set for myself.

My mentor, Dr anthony Magee was supportive and

always made time to provide assistance or advice and

also encouraged me to be better every day. With the

support from my mentor and the entire herbarium staff, I

felt comfortable to bring new perspectives and insights to

the workplace. I am grateful to everyone at the herbarium

who has made my time there so wonderful.

Through embracing the many challenges and

opportunities, I have learned a lot about myself. I am

committed to pursuing my dreams in all facets of life.

sedZanI sImalI (dst-nrf fUnded Intern)

I was very excited to start my internship with sanbI last

year. I still remember the first day I started like it was

yesterday. everyone at the Institute gave me a very warm

welcome and I did not feel like a stranger. In wing b, at

the national Herbarium in Pretoria where I was based, we

were all like a family. I felt very comfortable and happy

with my placement. I was under the supervision on

Dr M.M. le Roux, from whom I learnt a lot.

Training sessions were organised for me before I could be

given any task. I went for mounting training, digitisation

of literature and specimens, bRaHMs training, arcMap

training and, last but not least, a taxonomic training. all

the training was done at the Institution. I was provided

with necessary tools to get working from the word go.

I had a computer, internet access and a convenient bay

where I sat in the wing. on the same floor, my mentor had

her office, so I was not very far from her. I was very happy

to have access to the Mary Gunn library and was able

to borrow books. at sanbI, I developed many skills and

gained a lot of knowledge. I was involved in the herbarium

duties such as mounting, sorting and filing specimens.

My mentor taught me many things about taxonomy that

I did not know, which are very useful for my career. I learnt

about the type specimens, which at first I had no idea of

what they were, protologue descriptions and the many

websites that one can use to extract information from

such as JsToR, IPnI, bHl and Internet archive, to mention

a few. she took her precious time to explain these

concepts in detail so that I could understand. My mentor

introduced me to QGIs, which I used for georeferencing

which is a very good skill for one to have. I really gained

relevant experience through this internship.

While I was an intern, I got an opportunity to go on a field

trip in the eastern cape were I made some collections

52


of my own. It was a very good experience because this

enhanced my skills. I felt part of a team, because I assisted

in preparation for the trip. In all honesty, sanbI was a

very good host institute. I would, however, recommend

that they consider making a provision for their interns to

attend relevant conferences, such as saab or any other,

where they can present whatever project they may have

worked on during the course of the internship. I feel that

this could be very beneficial for the intern to get more

exposure to the scientific community.

leandra knoetZe (sanbI fUnded Intern)

I have been in love with nature and the outdoors since I

was a little girl, always being outside and playing amongst

the trees; saving little injured birds, small animals, and

insects and just being captivated by the extreme beauty

of creation – I was even called a real bush child. at school

biology was one of my favorite subjects and I always

wanted to know and learn more about the environment,

which is why I went on studying environmental and

biological sciences (botany and Zoology as main subjects).

During this time, I discovered that I have a tremendous

passion for, and interest in biodiversity, plants and the

conservation of our unique biodiversity–so I did my

Honours in biodiversity and conservation ecology and

finished my Msc in environmental sciences.

after my Masters graduation in october 2017 from north-

West University, I didn’t know what to do next – the sanbI

Internship came across my path and I was so excited and

fortunate to receive the position, even though I had to

move about 1300 km to another province… I was excited

to work with such an influential institute as sanbI and

to live in this beautiful paradise - Kirstenbosch. from day

one this internship journey was amazing–with numerous

networking opportunities, exposure to various fields,

programmes and different jobs, learning new skills, as well

as gaining experience in the work environment. It was

also amazing to meet so many like-minded individuals

who shared my passion for the environment, biodiversity,

conservation, invasives and wanting to make a difference

– I felt like this is the place where I needed to be!

being an intern in the biological Invasions Directorate and

part of the national status Report Team has offered me

both depth and breadth across this specific field, putting

into perspective the importance and relevance of the

detection, eradication and sustainable management

of invasive species, as well as the application of its

fundamentals to the problems faced by the real world.

Most of my time was spent assisting with meeting

arrangements, minute taking, and updating and curating

databases with information used to assess the status

of biological invasions and their management. I also

provided general, administrative and logistical support

to the coordinator of the status Report, my supervisor

Dr Tsungai Zengeya, by for example, being responsible

for updating and maintaining a process document that

documents all the processes undertaken to produce

the status Report, as well as curating a database of data

sources used, and maintaining a list of new publications

to use for the second national status Report.

some of my highlights of the year was seeing and

learning more about the beautiful fynbos plants by

going out with cReW volunteers on field trips, seeing

exquisite rare and endangered wildflowers in their natural

habitats – which is sometimes in the most lovely places

(like on top of Table Mountain) and being able to live out

my passion of being out in the veld. other highlights

included travelling to venda – a new part of sa where

I have not been before – to help with the organisation

of the national biological Invasions symposium; having

unlimited access to the gorgeous Kirstenbosch nbG and

just being surrounded by such amazing beauty, nature

and flowers (cReW field trips) the majority of my time.

I feel truly blessed to have been given this opportunity

and for the professional and personal growth it has given

me… that will definitely be useful in my future career in

the biodiversity and conservation. i hope to remain part

of this awesome biodiversity inspired group of people at

sanbI, keeping the connections made with colleagues

and friends, and to know that together we can make a

difference in our natural environment and conserve our

unique biodiversity for future generations.


53

stePhnI van der merWe (dst-nrf fUnded Intern)

the skills (or lack thereof) of an intern

ever wondered what sanbI interns actually learn in their

internship year? It’s not just fetching coffee, organising

During the fieldwork, I learnt more about different plant species and how to identify them – which was not easy at first. fortunately, it got better due to the courses and training offered at sanbI for skills development. In the field, I met farmers who were at times either interesting or very serious about their business when it came to crop production. still on fieldwork, before joining the GMo unit at sanbI, I never thought fieldwork required so much preparation–from arrangements with farmers, planning meetings, budgeting and that I would have to work on weekends.

not forgetting the memorable moments of other voluntary field trips with cReW together with Gigi laidler. one good memory of my travels was my attendance at the 15th national biodiversity Planning forum held at cape st francis Resort, eastern cape, in June 2018. at the symposium, it was my first experience in an environmental sciences platform where students, researchers, scientists and governmental professionals presented their work on biodiversity and conservation.

for my first and second national Workshop on sustainable capacity building for effective Participation in the biosafety clearing House (bcH), I was awarded two certificates for completing the respective training. at different platforms I met and interacted with very influential people, specialists in their fields and I also had a chance to impart what I had learned to other students during the biodiversity careers Programme.

The highlight of my whole internship experience was learning the importance of biodiversity and conservation. I now value biodiversity and as part of my future plans, have registered for an Msc degree in botany at the north-West University for 2019/2020.

mUrendenI kWInda (dst-nrf fUnded Intern)

meetings or being a personal assistant, as many people

might think (although I have done all of the above). no,

more than that, we really do develop crucial skills almost

daily, starting out with a serious lack thereof. being part

of the highly productive unit some call the veGMaP unit

and others the nba unit, I wouldn’t even be able to write

down all of the skills that I have developed in just one year,

given I only have a paragraph: from describing vegetation

in the Thicket biome, to biodiversity assessments for the

Prince edward Islands; also collating massive amounts of

data, to nifty new coding tricks. The diversity of projects

I have been involved in, aptly reflects the biodiversity

institute.

I am privileged to have been placed in the biodiversity

research side of sanbI and it has fuelled my love for

finding my career path

When I walked into sanbI with a biotechnology background, I never really knew what to expect. but all I can say now is that it’s been wonderful since the day I started. a great part of my internship experiences was about learning new things, from biodiversity to the environmental aspects in general. firstly, Kirstenbosch was welcoming and being under the mentorship of a highly motivated scientist, Dr Tlou Masehela, resulted in good knowledge and skills transfer over time. I learnt more than expected throughout the internship and enjoyed every single part of it – even waking up at around 05:00 during fieldwork days. I got to author my first publication, a popular article, through sanbI’s animal of the week feature titled: fall armyworm (Spodoptera

frugiperda). I also took a few sho’t lefts across provinces such as the eastern cape, Gauteng and north West. It was all about fieldwork (genetically modified maize and soybean), conferences (biodiversity Planning forum) and workshops (training on biosafety clearing House).

54


jotI daya (botsoc fUnded Intern)

In april 2018 I was given the rare opportunity to be

part of the cReW (custodians of Rare and endangered

Wildflowers) Programme. I have learnt and experienced

so much in the past few months. from not knowing the

basics of how to pronounce scientific terminology and

plant names to proudly identifying a few plant species by

myself.

one of the major highlights in my cReW journey was the

rediscovery of a plant species endemic to Table Mountain

that I made. It was on 23 november 2018 when the

c-Team cReW group, led by Gigi laidler, went up Table

Mountain, starting at the Water Works Museum. as usual

after the field trip, pictures needed to be posted onto

inaturalist (inat). a day later I received a very exciting

comment from one of the inat users that is considered to

be one of the fabaceae (Pea family) experts, I had posted

a picture of the long lost Aspalathus borboniifolia. further

research done by me showed that this plant was long

overlooked and was first found in 1932 and collected in

1956 which was the last time this plant was seen. I was

overwhelmed by the fact that I had just rediscovered

one of our lost plants. The ‘lost plants’ is a project that the

cReW team started in 2016 where we identified all the

sure I clock in my hours in the field all around cape Town

looking for those beautiful fynbos flowers with cReW

volunteers (then uploading them to inaturalist in the

hopes that someone will identify them). I never thought

that I could develop so many skills in such a short time,

but with the mentoring I have received, it was possible.

In conclusion: being an intern at sanbI is amazing and

my wish for anyone is to start their careers this way, as the

staff are eager to teach you and really care about capacity

building for the younger generations.

The lunch time walks into the beautiful mountain, the

view from the office and the short walk from my cottage

to the office dodging puff adders, is just the cherry on top.

understanding our amazing biodiversity (even to do my PhD on this topic) and its often unnoticed impact on society. The experience I have gained and opportunities we have had during this time are unrivalled. I have travelled all over the country. I had the opportunity to: present a poster at the biodiversity Planning forum in cape st francis; to present at the nRf sanaP symposium in Hermanus; to attend meetings on Robben Island, a Thicket Workshop in Grahamstown, a cReW Workshop in stanford and a field techniques course in the Kruger national Park. furthermore, there have been hands-on opportunities to meet famous scientists, inspire young(er) ones at a career expo, catch insects in the orchards and press plants in the compton Herbarium, whilst making

species that had not been collected for over 50 years on

the cape Peninsula. This feeling I had just could not be

expressed by words but is one I shall never forget. To view

this observation on inat go to: https://www.inaturalist.

org/observations/18936113Aspalathus borboniifolia

another highlight was my involvement in the Karoo

bioGaps Project which was a project under the leadership

of sanbI. The main aim was to explore the Karoo region

with the aim of recording the occurrence of native plants

and animals. The biodiversity was very poorly explored

and documented with large gaps in the fauna and

flora distribution records. areas of exploration included

those targeted for shale gas exploration, or fracking. This

project was highly significant to me as well as for many

conservation organisations. The local extirpation of our

indigenous plant species due to anthropogenic change

has obvious dramatic consequences on the ecosystem,

as they play an important role in primary production and

in pollination. To be part of a project that hopes to ensure

the protection of this area from human impacts is an

honourable moment for myself in my career.

a great opportunity I had was getting to work with

experts in the field as well as networking opportunities

through attending conferences such as the fynbos forum

and sKeP (succulent Karoo ecosystem Programme). I had

the privilege to do field trips with experts such as Dr John

Manning and Pieter Winter who are a senior scientists

based at compton Herbarium, and of course my very

own mentor Mr Ismail ebrahim who provided me with

an abundance of fruitful knowledge throughout my

internship.

I am grateful to the programme for providing me with

such rare and overwhelming experiences.


55ProGramme Performance

The nZG maintains a vast and diverse living collection

of wildlife (over 4 000 animals covering more than 500

species) in order to create (a) a platform to connect

people and wildlife, thus inspiring discovery, appreciation,

knowledge, as well as care of and respect for, nature in

general; and (b) learning opportunities for the public

(general and school-going) about wildlife species, their

habitats, and the conservation challenges they face.

Through the conduct of high quality, original research

the nZG generates knowledge that contributes to the

conservation of wildlife species with a focus on african

fauna. The research is translated into contributions

to policy development processes as well as scientific

services delivered to the wildlife management sector,

both private and public. The nZG has been providing a

high quality scientific platform to researchers, students

(undergraduate and postgraduate) and wildlife

conservation professionals. It undertakes human capacity

development for wildlife conservation science and

practice through a training continuum spanning school-

going youth through to postdoctoral level.

The nZG has exceeded its targets with regards to the

number of research papers published in accredited

PRoGRaMMe 7naTIonal ZooloGIcal GaRDen

PUrPose

Manage and unlock the biodiversity conservation

contributions and benefits of the national Zoological

Garden.


• build a centre of research/training excellence and an

authoritative source of scientific information on the

biodiversity of wild animals and their ecosystems;

• create a dynamic platform for engaging the public

on the science of life (awareness, education &

communication); and

• Develop a zoological garden with a conservation

focus.


• accredit research papers in journals by the

Department of Higher education;

• Reach general visitors through visits to the zoo;

• Reach learners through visits to/by the zoo; and

• Publish studbooks under the Pan african association

of Zoos and aquaria (PaaZa).

56


around the clock monitoring and feeding. With a

significant contribution from volunteers, the first birds

were returned to Kamfer’s Dam on 10 april 2019, with

several flights scheduled over the following weeks.

While the ultimate aim is to repatriate all those birds

removed from the dam, the nZG has been requested

to house any non-releasable birds and to manage any

birds remaining in captivity by means of a studbook.

• small population management remains a critical

component to maintain demographic and genetic

viability of ex situ populations. The nZG leads the

Pan african association of Zoos and aquaria (PaaZa)

Population sustainability portfolio which oversees

all studbooks and african conservation Programmes

run under the auspices of PaaZa. In 2018/2019, five

studbooks were published which contains both

historic and current overviews of the species under

review. The studbooks also contain both demographic

and genetic analysis to assist managers and biologists

to make informed decisions regarding the overall

management of the animals in their collections. The

studbooks published this year are for the critically

endangered Radiated tortoise (Astrochelys radiata),

the endangered Ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta),

Pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) and the

vulnerable southern bald Ibis (Geronticus calvus) and

Wattled crane (Bugeranus carunculatus).

• a major component of population management

in ex situ collections is to ensure the sustainability

of the ex situ population through breeding. several

species bred successfully this year with the following

highlights:

- Greater flamingos which started to breed again

for the first time in 22 years. nineteen chicks

were hatched this year. This breeding event was

achieved after several strategy swaps were made

with another institution.

- Two Pygmy hippopotamus born, one at the

Pretoria national Zoological Garden and the other

at Mokopane biodiversity conservation centre

in limpopo and these births contribute to the

sustainability of the global ex situ population.

- southern bald Ibis hatched which contributed

to the genetic diversity of the regional ex situ

population.

• The nZG continues to assist the Department of

environmental affairs by housing confiscated animals

while cases are being processed. During the course

journals. The nZG’s saRchi chair in conservation

Physiology has had a positive impact on the number of

publications.

The nZG has not met its target with regards to the

number of general visitors utilising its facilities. The

underperformance may be attributed to the negative

impact of the economy of the spending power of the zoo’s

visitors. a further contributing factor is the location of the

nZG. There are concerns amongst its potential customers

with regards to safety. The nZG is located in the cbD of

the city of Tshwane and there has been a marked decay

in the immediate environment. The nZG is also in need of

urgent infrastructure upgrades as the facilities are dated

and struggles to meet the needs of customers. The nZG

has overall increased its visitor numbers year-on-year but

has not been able to recover to historical levels despite a

number of marketing initiatives.

The nZG has exceeded the target of the number of

learners reached as it still meets the needs of the formal

education sector to augment the national curriculum

being taught in schools. The nZG has also attended a

number of science festivals where it is able to educate

attendees on the importance of biodiversity conservation.

The nZG has met its target with regards to the number of

studbooks published under the Pan african association

of Zoos and aquaria (PaaZa). PaaZa is the regional zoo

association for africa for the World association of Zoos

and aquariums (WaZa). PaaZa aims to provide regional

leadership to the zoo community and ensure that its

members contribute to the overall mission of the world

association. The purpose of a Regional studbook is to

document the pedigree and entire demographic history

of each animal within a managed population among

PaaZa member institutions. These collective histories,

compiled and maintained by the nZG as a PaaZa

Regional studbook Keeper, are known as the population’s

genetic and demographic identity and are valuable tools

to track and manage each individual as part of a single ex

situ population.


• The nZG was requested by a private individual to

assist with several hundred lesser flamingos that

were rescued from certain death when the parents

abandoned their breeding site at Kamfer’s Dam

in Kimberley due to lack of water. The nZG was

requested to lead the recovery in terms of oversight of

the health of the birds for the rescue project. The nZG

(Pretoria campus) received 195 birds which required


57

Zooclub and participate in various projects and

activities.

• a total of 245 cases which included 1 697 samples

were analysed for forensics in 2018/2019.

• The Department of environmental affairs (Dea)

hosted a workshop on cyberinfrastructure

requirements (Dna barcoding) from 9–12 april

2018. Representatives included sanbI-nZG (a. Kotze,

M. Mwale., K. labuschange and M .du Plessis),

University of Johannesburg, south african Police

service (saPs) and the national Prosecuting agency

(nPa). The aim of the workshop was to provide

a platform for all the stakeholders to identify

requirements for the chain of custody Dna barcode

reference database and the way forward for the

sa bolD initiative. Dr sujeevan Ratnasingham

(Informatics Director at the centre for biodiversity

Genomics, University of Guelph; chief architect of the

barcode of life Data systems bolD) and Ms Megan

Milton led the workshop, aimed at developing a

strategy for the establishment of a south african

Dna barcode central database (based on the bolD

system). The potential outcomes of this meeting for

the nZG is implementation of new innovative ways

and technologies of organising and managing genetic

data to improve and support nZG’s contributions to

research and national strategic goals.

• In 2016, at the 17th meeting of the conference of the

Parties to the convention on International Trade in

endangered species of Wild fauna and flora (cITes),

the south african government undertook to set

annual export quotas for trade in lion body parts for

commercial purposes derived from captive breeding

operations. Thereafter, the south african scientific

authority, through the national convention on cITes

Management authority, determined the 2017 export

quota for lion bones and other lion derivatives at 800

skeletons. However, in order to monitor the trade to

ensure that tiger bones are not fraudulently laundered

as lion, a rapid and accurate Dna-based test was

required. The nZG has developed and validated a

new single nucleotide polymorphism (snP) real-time

(qPcR) assay that can accurately differentiate between

lion and tiger Dna. The assay results in genotypic

species assignments are highly concordant with

phenotypic assignments. The snP assay was validated

on our newly-acquired instrument, the applied

biosystems Quantstudio™ 12K flex Real-time PcR

of 2018/2019, the nZG was requested to house

13 reptiles, 59 birds, three primates and nine fish. a

critical component for this assistance is to maintain

these animals in temporary housing that does not

compromise their welfare. The development of a

facility specifically for confiscated specimens in the

near future is essential, and will improve the nZG’s

capacity to assist the Department.

• The animal Welfare and ethics committee, which was

established at the beginning of 2018, continues to

meet monthly.

• The nZG’s education department facilitated a total of

seven themed lessons, attended by 11 852 learners

and 563 educators. These lessons were conducted

daily over a period of one or two weeks. The topics

were:

- The Magic of owls

- national science Week–Pretoria

- national science Week–Mokopane

- seas and oceans alive

- ecosystems

- flufftail festival

- Water Month

- The national Zoo participated in four science

festivals, namely:

• launch of national science Week 2018,

Mpumalanga University, Mbombela,

Mpumalanga;

• sasol TechnoX, sasolburg, free state;

• scopeX, Museum of Military History,

Johannesburg, Gauteng; and

• scifest, Grahamstown, eastern cape.

• In addition to the four educators’ workshops planned

for the year, the education department was invited to

facilitate another eight workshops, bringing the total

to 12. These were conducted in Gauteng, north West,

limpopo and Mpumalanga.

• The department again presented a module to the

University of Pretoria’s Tourism students by facilitating

both a lecture and a practical. This was attended by

355 students.

• The department also presented a module on snakes

and envenomation in a post-graduate course of the

University of Pretoria’s school for communicable

Diseases (Medical faculty).

• a total of eight Junior nature conservators’ courses

were facilitated for 248 high school learners during

the school holidays. These learners could join the

58


on certain initiatives to establish a national biobank

for namibia.

• The nZG is participating in the biodiversity

Management Plan for Pickersgill’s reed frogs

(Hyperolius pickersgilli) which are a highly threatened

species occurring in a few isolated areas in KwaZulu-

natal. Part of the implementation of the plan is the

restoration and conservation of the coastal wetland

areas and bringing water security, as well as tourism

and job opportunities to local communities. another

important component is the ex situ conservation of

the species. To this end the Johannesburg Zoo was

successful in breeding Pickersgill’s reed frogs and

for the first time release captive bred stock into the

wild. The south african national biodiversity Institute’s

national Zoological Garden tested for chytrid fungus

on 244 Pickersgill’s reed frogs that are to be released,

to ensure that they were all free of the fungus and that

the released frogs did not pass the fungus on to the

wild population. The nZG also did the genetic analysis

of the wild population, to see whether there were

significant genetic differences between Pickersgill’s

reed frogs at various sites, to ensure that we don’t

release frogs of one genetic type into an area where

the frogs are of another genetic type. It was found

that it doesn’t matter where we release the captive-

bred frogs as there are no significant differences in the

genetics of the wild frogs from different localities. The

release took place in september 2018.

• The nZG has received a funding grant for Wildlife Dna

forensics and seizure Training from TRaffIc, a leading

non-governmental organisation working exclusively

on wildlife trade in the context of both biodiversity

conservation and sustainable development. The

nZG has accomplished several achievements with

regards to the milestones laid out in the funding

grant including: (1) The development of guidelines

and sampling protocols for pangolin. This was also

submitted to the IUcn Pangolin specialist Group. (2)

We have completed analysis of eight mitogenomes

from african pangolin. Phylogenetic comparisons

within pangolin species (based on our data and

publically accessible mitogenomes) indicate distinct

lineages associated with geographic origin in black-

and white-bellied pangolin, with lower variation

being observed in Temminck’s ground pangolin

from various geographic regions. (3) Training has

been provided to David squarre from national

Parks and Wildlife (Zambia) on the molecular

system. This new technique was used to accurately

identify that all of the 800 samples from the lion bone

quota only originated from lions.

• The nZG has worked towards increasing the relevance

and visibility of biomaterial banking in south africa

with many partners over several years within the

global biobanking community. a critical decision

was taken in 2014 to link with the Global Genome

biodiversity network (GGbn) to expand on the link

between our molecular genetics and genomics

research programmes and biomaterial collections.

The nZG brings to the table adequate bioinformatics

and physical infrastructure to properly curate animal

cells, tissue and Dna for the benefit of the entire

research and conservation community. This links

excellently with our new mandate and expansion

of frozen collections for endangered animal taxa.

access to joined databases of available material, the

availability of clear and transparent sample request

processes and a greater appreciation of the protocols

and requirements for usage of such materials under

the nagoya Protocol for access and benefit sharing of

Genetic Resources will benefit nZG research and that

of colleagues.

• Ms Kim labuchagne and Prof. antoinette Kotze

attended the GGbn meeting hosted at the University

of natural Resources and life science, vienna, austria.

We obtained a wider view for a greater awareness

of the samples that are held within the nZG, their

provenance and conditions of use in research;

the potential to use as key genetic resources for

research without the need to import samples from

their country of origin or another state; ensure

that samples that are used in research are nagoya-

compliant and provide access to high quality tissue

and/or Dna enabling next Generation sequencing

and high quality reference assemblies with regards

to mitochondrial and nuclear analyses. In particular

the focus was to link with international colleagues

on the understanding of the nagoya Protocol and

how it should be interpreted when constructing

Dna barcodes and now next Generation sequencing

libraries.

• as the nZG has established itself as one of the

leaders in biomaterial banking in southern africa, the

namibian Ministry of environment and Tourism has

invited Prof. antoinette Kotze, Prof. Desire Dalton, and

Kim labuschagne to participate in, and take the lead,


59

loggerhead turtles were successfully released on 15

December 2018. cedar’s movements are continuously

being tracked. bayworld hopes to release more

rehabilitated turtles in the next few months, and have

invited the nZG to participate in the sampling and the

release.

• Prof Kotze was invited by san Diego Zoo Global

(sDZG) to honour the MoU with the following scope

of work: to work towards the frozen Zoo®/nZG

biobank collaboration. The specific project objective

is to collaborate in research regarding cell culture,

population genetic/genomic analyses on endangered

african species, and molecular and cytogenetic

analyses. sDZG and nZG shared information and

data on species of mutual interest, shared protocols

for cell culture techniques, facilitated team member

visits in order to improve collaboration and training

and expand the cell cultures for the northern white

rhinoceros held in the nZG biobank. sDZG will

cover costs for agreed-upon genome sequencing of

south african species and cover the costs for a sDZG

researcher to visit south africa for approximately

two weeks to assist with cell culture activities at

nZG biobank related to northern white rhinoceros in

october 2019.

• In 2018, the nZG managed 83 registered research

projects. a total of 73 progress and final reports were

submitted by end of December 2018. a total of 11

projects had been completed by the end of December

2018. The number of ongoing research projects from

January to March 2019 is 73.

• between 13 and 18 December 2018, the Department

of environmental affairs (Dea) through the fsl,

requested the nZG to sample a huge confiscation

of shark fins in cape Town. a total of 116 shark fin

subsamples were collected following a forensic

acceptable process. Dna barcoding using traditional

sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing

was conducted in order to identify the species of the

shark fins. various species were identified including

cITes listed species which raised huge concern. In

the confiscation blue shark (Prionace glauca), shortfin

mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), scalloped hammerhead

shark (Sphyrna lewini), smooth hammerhead shark

(Sphyrna zygaena) and copper shark or bronze whaler

(Carcharhinus brachyurus) were identified. This analysis

once again shows the impact that the nZG is making

towards illegal trade of wildlife using our molecular

technologies and forensic capabilities.

techniques currently being used to geo-reference

african pangolins and to fill the gap in data from

Zambia. The training provided Dr squarre with

technologies to perform his own in-country chain of

custody sampling and analyses to contribute to this

project. (4) lastly, we have completed microsatellite

analysis on 11 black-bellied (ten Ghana and one sierra

leone) and 35 white-bellied pangolins (28 Ghana

and seven sierra leone). Genetic diversity estimates

varied between the four african pangolin species with

the lowest diversity being observed in black-bellied

pangolin.

• The nZG hosted four international researchers from

Malaysia and Thailand in september, as part of a

collaboration with the TRace forensics network. The

nZG has developed a panel of 60 single nucleotide

Polymorphisms (snPs) that is able to provide an

individual profile, analyse parentage, determine

gender and subspecies in tigers. a total of 915 samples

obtained from tigers that originate from Malaysia and

Thailand were analysed using the nZG real-time PcR

platform. This project will be expanded to include

analysis of several hundreds of tigers from southeast

asia and will assist in forensic monitoring of trade of

this species.

• The 9th annual nZG Research symposium organised

by the Research and scientific services Department

of the national Zoological Garden, south african

national biodiversity Institute, was held from 21–23

november 2018. This symposium brings together a

broad spectrum of interns, post-graduate students

and researchers who participate in research and

use the research platforms of the nZG. This year

the nZG hosted two internationally recognised

keynote speakers: Prof. Gordon luikart from Montana

University, Usa, and Dr Jennifer landolfi from the

University of Illinois, Usa.

• staff of the nZG travelled to Port elizabeth for african

Penguin studbook sampling. This trip coincided with

the sampling of green and loggerhead turtles to

be released back into the wild after a rehabilitation

process at bayworld by Ruth Wright, curator: Marine

fish Husbandry and Turtle Rehabilitation. The one

green turtle called cedar had a tracking device fixed

to its shell in order to monitor its movements once

released back into the ocean. five green turtles and

four loggerhead turtles were sampled, photographed

and measured for accessioning into the biobank.

cedar and two other green turtles, as well as two

60

Annual Report I 2018/19Free State National Botanical Garden


61

PReDeTeRMIneDobJecTIves

62


Predetermined objectives is an annual audit of reported actual performance against the approved annual Performance Plan (aPP) of public institutions. Its purpose is to provide assurance to Parliament, legislators, members of the public and other relevant parties that the actual performance reported is useful and reliable.

ProGramme 1: render effectIve and effIcIent corPorate servIces

1.1: sanbI is positioned as an employer of choice in the biodiversity sector.

Per centage of payroll allocated and spent on staff development.

1% of payroll allocated and spent on staff development .

exceeded target. 1% of payroll allocated and spent on staff development 1% of actual payroll was R3 041 806, amount spent was R3 469 009.

The target was exceeded: i) more staff bursaries were awarded: R1 000 608 was spent in 2018/19 versus R971 460 in 2017/18; ii) more workshops were attended, e.g. tourist guide training across all gardens; and iii) sDl contribution in 2018/19 was R957 099 versus R888 612 in 2017/18.

Transformed Institute that reflects the demography of the south african population.

45% female staff on permanent and contract employment.

exceeded target. 46.4% was achieved.

The target was exceeded by 1.4%, 339 females in the establishment, whereas the target was 329 females.

50% female staff in top and senior management .


The target was exceeded by 1.7%, 15 females in senior management, whereas the target was 14 females.

87% of black staff on permanent and contract employment


The target was exceeded by 0.8%, 642 black staff on the establishment, whereas the target was 636 black staff.

3% People with disabilities on permanent and contract employment.


The target was exceeded by 1.2%, a disability audit conducted in november 2018 revealed that there are more people with disabilities than initially recorded.

1.2: Implement an effective, efficient and transparent supply chain and financial management system as regulated by PfMa.

GRaP and PfMa compliant annual financial statements.

Unqualified afs produced to comply with PfMa and GRaP requirements.

not achieved. The external audit outcome was not an unqualified audit option.

1.3: Improved financial sustainability of the Institute.

Per centage increase of income generated.

3% increase on own income.

exceeded Target. 41% increase–R41,9mil.

This includes income of nZG for the first time.

1.4: effective corporate services rendered to achieve the mandate of sanbI .

Maintain 90% availability of sanbI IcT network and IcT business services.

90% network and business services availability.

100% achieved. 90% of network and business services are available.

PredetermIned objectIves rePort 2018/19

strategic objective (s) key Performance Indicators

Planned target 2018/19

actual achievement 2018/19 (achieved, Partially achieved,

not achieved, exceeded target

and modification)

deviation from Planned target to

actual achievement


63

all strategic risks mitigated and monitored according to the risk management framework and policy.

strategic risks monitored and managed according to mitigation action plans.

100% achieved. Risk action plans/mitigation plans implemented and monitored.

compliance with all relevant acts and sanbI/Dea protocol through implementation of compliance framework

Quarterly performance report is monitored against the approved aPP including PfMa, cash Management and ene reports on a quarterly basis by Dea according to specified time frames set out by the Department.

100% achieved. all quarterly reports were compiled, reported to various board committees and duly submitted on due date to Dea and national Treasury.

1.5: building a compelling brand for all stakeholders.

number of marketing and brand communication platforms and initiatives identified and utilised for sanbI marketing and promotion

102 activities to be arranged

exceeded target. a total of 143 activities were arranged.

The target was exceeded as a result of negotiations and increased partnership opportunities that were taken up. In the process of building stakeholder relations sanbI approached some service providers and got them to move their events to sanbI national botanical gardens. These events were not planned but were opportunities that were identified during the year.






and modification)


actual achievement

64


ProGramme 2: manaGe and Unlock benefIts of the netWork of natIonal botanIcal Gardens as WIndoWs Into soUth afrIca’s bIodIversIty 2.1: a network of national botanical gardens are managed and maintained.

number of indigenous plant species added to the living collections of sanbI’s national botanical gardens or the Millennium seed bank Partnership (MsbP).

20 indigenous plant species added to the living collections of the combined network of national botanical gardens and/or the MsbP, UK.

exceeded target. 153 indigenous plant species were added to the living collections of the combined network of national botanical gardens and/or the MsbP, UK.

Target of 20 species was exceeded by 133 species due largely to increased resources (four dedicated seed collectors funded by the MsbP) available and contributions towards seed collections received from volunteers and horticulturists associated with sanbI’s national botanical gardens.

number of new national botanical gardens established and operational

Thohoyandou botanical Garden: prioritised improvement and upgrading of existing buildings in the garden according to the approved implementation plan. site Development Plan developed for the Thohoyandou botanical Garden. cultural heritage survey completed for the Thohoyandou botanical Garden.

Partially achieved. site development plan and cultural heritage survey both 100% completed.

The open tender for the service provider required for the improvement and upgrading of existing buildings in the garden had to be advertised twice due to no eligible bidder qualifying (according to the tender specifications) following the first advertisement of the tender. This delay resulted in the delayed appointment of a service provider. the preferred service provider was ultimately appointed through open tender on 20 february 2019 for prioritised upgrading and improvement of existing buildings in the Thohoyandou botanical Garden. Planned work scheduled to be completed in 2019/20.

Kwelera national botanical Garden: basic assessment Report (baR) prepared for planned infrastructural developments in the Kwelera national botanical Garden. environmental control officer (eco) appointed to monitor implementation of the basic assessment Report (baR).

100% achieved. (Kwelera national botanical Garden): basic assessment Report (baR) prepared for planned infrastructural developments in the Kwelera national botanical Garden. environmental control officer (eco) appointed to monitor implementation of the basic assessment Report (baR).






and modification)


actual achievement


65

number of maintenance, development and capital infrastructure projects completed across sanbI’s national botanical gardens.

45 maintenance/ development projects and two sanbI capital infrastructure projects completed.

Partially achieved. 44 maintenance/ development projects and two sanbI capital infrastructure projects completed.

one of 45 maintenance/development projects was not completed due to scheduling challenges over two consecutive financial years.

2.2: nature-based tourism and recreational activities are strengthened in all national botanical gardens to contribute to sanbI’s sustainability.

Per centage visitor numbers increased through expanded tourism-related activities and events in national botanical gardens.

Minimum of five per cent (5%) annual increase in visitor numbers.

exceeded target. 16% annual increase in system-generated visitor numbers (1 413 974).

The annual target was exceeded. system-generated visitors for 2017/18 used for comparison was 1 222 816. The reason for exceeding the target included improved public awareness, social media (facebook, Twitter) through sanbI Marketing and communication, popular summer sunset concerts at Kirstenbosch, a depressed south african economy (resulting in families spending less time at long distance destinations and supporting more affordable, local tourism destinations), safe and reasonably priced nature-based tourism destinations as well as improved recording of system-generated visitors.






and modification)


actual achievement

66


ProGramme 4: assess, monItor and rePort on the state of bIodIversIty and Increase knoWledGe for decIsIon makInG InclUdInG clImate chanGe4.1: new knowledge created to inform assessments and decision making relating to biodiversity.

number of research papers published in journals accredited by the Dept. of Higher education.

85 publications. exceeded target: 87 papers published.

The target was exceeded by 2%. The target is based on a fair expectation of performance but the intention was to exceed the target by implementing systems to improve productivity.

number of invasive species project plans developed.

35 plans. 100% achieved. 35 plans developed.

number of risk analyses conducted for invasive species.

65 assessments. 100% achieved. 65 risk assessments conducted.

The indicator refers to risk analyses and the target is for risk assessments, which form part of the risk analysis process. sanbI undertook to produce 65 assessments, which were completed.

number of cooperative research networks established to generate knowledge linked to sanbI ‘s mandate.

one new network initiated. 100% achieved. one new network initiated.

ProGramme 3: bUIld the foUndatIonatIonal bIodIversIty scIence3.1: foundational biodiversity information is developed through describing and classifying species and ecosystems in south africa.

number of animal and plant species for which descriptive and classification information has been compiled.

Information on 4 200 south african species compiled.

100% achieved. Information on 4 200 south african species compiled.

number of updates to ecosystem classification systems.

four ecosystem classifications updated (maps completed and integrated into nba for terrestrial, freshwater, estuarine and marine).

100% achieved. four ecosystem classifications updated (maps completed and integrated into nba for terrestrial, freshwater, estuarine and marine).

number of quality controlled records for plant specimens in sanbI’s herbaria, and for animal specimens in museums or based on observations, added to databases.

56 000 biodiversity records added to database.

100% achieved. 56 000 biodiversity records added to database.






and modification)


actual achievement


67

ProGramme 5: ProvIde bIodIversIty PolIcy advIce and access to bIodIversIty InformatIon; and, sUPPort for clImate chanGe adaPtatIon5.1: Tools to support management and conservation of biodiversity developed and applied.

number of tools and knowledge resources developed to support mainstreaming of biodiversity assets and ecological infrastructure in production sectors and natural resource management.

Two environmental decision support tools produced.

100% achieved. Two environmental decision support tools produced.

Three knowledge resources to support biodiversity informatics and biodiversity mainstreaming developed and disseminated.

100% achieved. Three knowledge resources to support biodiversity informatics and biodiversity mainstreaming developed and disseminated.

number of coordination or learning mechanisms convened to share lessons and build capacity.

five learning or coordination events convened.

100% achieved. five learning or coordination events hosted.

four training sessions convened.

100% chieved. four training sessions held.

5.2: access to biodiversity data, information and knowledge provided.

number of biodiversity records published.

an increase of 54 000 records published.

exceeded target. 60 449 records published.

Target was exceeded by 6 449 records. Datasets received from external partners were larger than originally projected. The target is based on projections with actual records only known once the datasets are processed and validated. variation is therefore anticipated in terms of the number of biodiversity records published.

4.2. The status of biodiversity, including biological invasions, is systematically assessed to determine current state and trends and to identify risks or benefits to the environment and people.

number of national biodiversity syntheses or assessments produced.

one assessment completed (national biodiversity assessment).

100% achieved. one assessment completed (national biodiversity assessment).

annual updates of species assessments to support neMba regulations.

one update for non-Detriment findings for the scientific authority.

100% achieved. one update for non-Detriment findings for the scientific authority






and modification)


actual achievement

68


5.3: scientific advice to support national and international policy processes provided.

Per centage of policy requests from Dea and other organs of state responded to within timeframe stipulated in the request.

100% of relevant written requests from Dea and other organs of state responded to within timeframe stipulated.

100% achieved. 100% of relevant written requests from Dea and other organs of state responded to.

5.4: Policy support on climate change adaptation provided to inform national and international decision making.

number of national and international platforms on which sanbI’s lessons and experiences as a national accredited entity of global climate funds are shared.

lessons and experiences arising from sanbI’s work as a national accredited entity of global climate funds are shared on four platforms..

100% achieved. lessons and experiences arising from sanbI’s work as a national accredited entity of global climate funds are shared on four platforms.

number of coordination mechanisms convened to support Dea in implementing the ecosystem based adaptation (eba) strategy.

one coordination mechanism convened in collaboration with Dea.

100% achieved. one coordination mechanism convened in collaboration with Dea.

ProGramme 6: ProvIde hUman caPItal develoPment, bIodIversIty edUcatIon and aWareness In resPonse to sanbI’s mandate6.1: a transformed and suitably skilled workforce for the biodiversity sector is developed.

number of black biodiversity professionals who have participated in structured internships and postgraduate studentships.

100 black biodiversity professionals participate in structured internships and postgraduate studentships.

100% achieved. 100 black biodiversity professionals participate in structured internships and postgraduate studentships.

number of universities who participated in the University biodiversity careers Programme aimed at attracting young people into the biodiversity sector.

15 universities. Partially achieved. 13 universities reached.

The annual target of 15 universities was not achieved as 2 universities cancelled due to strikes.

6.2: all national botanical gardens are promoted and used as platforms for biodiversity awareness, education and recreation.

number of beneficiaries who participated in Kids in Gardens Programme.

54 000 beneficiaries participated in ‘Kids in Gardens’ Programme.

exceeded target. 55 341 beneficiaries were reached.

The annual target of 54 000 was exceeded by 1 341 due to increased uptake by schools. In addition to this the filling of vacant posts at education centres in Kirstenbosch and Karoo Desert national botanical gardens assisted in reaching more beneficiaries.

number of biodiversity theme days celebrated.

nine environmental theme days celebrated.

100% achieved. nine environmental theme days celebrated.

6.3: civil society is engaged to contribute to science, monitoring and biodiversity conservation.

number of civil society engagement platforms developed and maintained.

Three platforms maintained, two new platforms assessed.

100% achieved. Three platforms maintained, two new platforms assessed.






and modification)


actual achievement


69

ProGramme 7: manaGe and Unlock the bIodIversIty conservatIon contrIbUtIons and benefIts of the natIonal ZooloGIcal Garden of soUth afrIca7.1: build a centre of research / training excellence and an authoritative source of scientific information on the biodiversity of wild animals and their ecosystems.

number of research papers in journals accredited by the Dept. of Higher education.

35 publications. exceeded target. 36 publications.

The nZG has exceeded publications by 1. It is not always possible to accurately determine when papers will be accepted for publication and the actual publication date.

7.2: create a dynamic platform for engaging the public on the science of life (awareness, education and communication).

number of general visitors reached through visits to the zoo.

432 000. Partially achieved. 336 664 visitors..

The nZG has not been able to achieve this target. although there is a general increase in the visitor numbers to the nZG it has not been able to achieve historical targets. This can be attributed to economic pressures, safety concerns relating to the nZG’s location and lack of product innovation resulting from limited capital investment. The nZG has implemented a number of initiatives in an attempt to generate additional feet through the gate including the Gautrain activation.

number of learners reached through visits to/by the zoo.

160 000. Target exceeded. 182 027 learners.

a total number of 182 027 learners were reached through visits to/by the zoo resulting in the target been exceeded by 22 027. In addition to the schools that visit the nZG it also reaches out through participation in a number of science festivals and this increases its numbers.

7.3: Develop a zoological garden with a conservation focus.

number of studbooks published under PaaZa.

5. 100% achieved. five studbooks were published during the fourth quarter.






and modification)


actual achievement

70


ProGramme 1: render effectIve and effIcIent corPorate servIces1.1 sanbI is positioned as an employer of choice in the biodiversity sector.

Per centage of payroll allocated and spent on staff development.

1% of payroll allocated and spent on staff development.

Partially achieved.

Transformed Institute that reflects the demography of the south african population.

44% female staff on permanent and contract employment.

Partially achieved. 43.77% was achieved.

Two female staff members resigned in January 2018 and one female staff member resigned in february 2018. These resignations were beyond sanbI’s control. If these female staff members did not resign, the target of 44% female staff on permanent and contract employment would have been achieved.

49% female staff in top and senior management.

100% achieved. 50% female staff in top and senior management.

86% of black staff on permanent and contract employment.

100% achieved. 86% of black staff on permanent and contract employment.

3% people with disabilities on permanent and contract employment.

100% achieved. 3% People with disabilities on permanent and contract employment.

1.2 Implement an effective, efficient and transparent supply chain and financial management system as regulated by PfMa.

GRaP and PfMa compliant annual financial statements.

Unqualified afs produced to comply with PfMa and GRaP requirements.

100% achieved. The financial transactions were accurately captured and reconciliations were performed according to the system of internal control.

100% achieved. 2% increase on own income.

1.3 Improved financial sustainability of the Institute.

Per centage increase of income generated on rental, admission sales and other income.

2% increase on own income.

100% achieved. 2% increase on own income.

1.4 effective corporate services rendered to achieve the mandate of sanbI

Per centage availability of sanbI IcT network and IcT business services.

90% network and business services are available

100% achieved. 90% of network and business services are available.

all identified risks managed through an annual risk assessment and implementation of the risk management plan.

Updated, mitigated and monitored risks.

100% achieved. Updated, mitigated and monitored risks.

compliance with all relevant acts and sanbI/Dea protocol through implementation of compliance framework.

Quarterly performance report is monitored against the approved aPP including PfMa, cash and ene reports on a quarterly basis by Dea according to specified time frames set out by the Department.

100% achieved. all Quarterly Reports were compiled, reported to various board committees and duly submitted on due date to Dea and national Treasury.






and modification)


actual achievement


71

ProGramme 1: render effectIve and effIcIent corPorate servIces (contInUed)1.5 building a compelling brand for all stakeholders.

number of marketing and brand communication platforms and initiatives identified and utilised for sanbI marketing and promotion.

44 activities to be arranged.

100% achieved. all shows, exhibitions, concerts, events and campaigns/activations carried out as planned.

ProGramme 2: manaGe and Unlock benefIts of the netWork of natIonal botanIcal Gardens as WIndoWs Into soUth afrIca’s bIodIversIty2.1: a network of national botanical gardens are managed and maintained in order to realize benefits to sanbI, civil society and other relevant stakeholders.

Increased representation and display of indigenous plants in the living collections of sanbI’s national botanical gardens or the Millennium seed bank Partnership.

20 indigenous plant species added to the collections of the national botanical gardens and/or the Millenium seed bank Partnership (MsbP).

100% achieved. 20 indigenous plant species added to the collections of the national botanical Gardens and/or the Millenium seed bank Partnership (MsbP).

number of new national botanical gardens established and operational.

Implementation plan developed for the upgrade and improvement of existing buildings in the garden. landscape design for the cultivated portion of the garden approved for implementation.

100% achieved. Implementation plan developed for the upgrade and improvement of existing buildings in the garden. landscape design for the cultivated portion of the garden approved for implementation.

four management plans for the 160 ha natural portion of the Garden finalised and approved by the joint sanbI/ecPTa steering committee landscape design for the cultivated portion of the garden approved for implementation.

100% achieved. four management plans for the 160 ha natural portion of the Garden finalised and approved by the joint sanbI/ecPTa steering committee. landscape design for the cultivated portion of the garden approved for implementation.

number of maintenance, development and capital infrastructure projects completed across sanbI’s national botanical gardens.

45 maintenance/ development projects and two sanbI capital infrastructure projects completed.

100% achieved. 45 maintenance/ development projects and two sanbI capital infrastructure projects completed.






and modification)


actual achievement

72


2.2: nature-based tourism and recreational activities are strengthened in all national botanical gardens in order to contribute to and support sanbI’s sustainability.

Per centage visitor numbers increased through expanded tourism-related activities and events in national botanical gardens.

Minimum of five per cent (5%) annual increase in visitor numbers.

Partially achieved. 3% annual increase.

original annual target of 3% annual increase was achieved. The revised mid-year target of 5% annual increase in visitor numbers not achieved. The combined number of visitors to all nbGs for the year totalled 2 156 894 which was three per cent higher than the previous financial year (2 084 814) and the highest annual visitor number ever achieved by sanbI’s network of gardens. This matched the original 2017/18 aPP target in Programme 2 for the year-on-year per centage increase in visitor numbers for 2017/18 of 3%, but unfortunately not the revised (mid-year) target of 5% annual increase. not reaching the revised annual target of 5% was due mainly to a 1% annual drop in the number of visitors to Kirstenbosch due to a drop in local visitors and local spending due to economic downturn in the last quarter of the financial year. The drop in visitor numbers in Q4 compared with the same period in 2016/17 was also experienced by several other of the big 7 tourism partners in and around the cape Peninsula.

ProGramme 2: manaGe and Unlock benefIts of the netWork of natIonal botanIcal Gardens as WIndoWs Into soUth afrIca’s bIodIversIty (contInUed)






and modification)


actual achievement


73

ProGramme 3: bUIld the foUndatIonatIonal bIodIversIty scIence3.1: foundational biodiversity information is developed through describing and classifying species and ecosystems in south africa.

.

number of plant and animal species for which descriptive and classification information has been compiled.

Information on 4 200 south african plant and 1 000 animal species compiled.

Target exceeded. 4 826 species pages.

Information on 4 826 species pages were compiled, and this includes descriptive and classification information for animal species (1 026) and plant species (3 800). The species descriptions received for the groups could not be disaggregated and/or split, hence the target was exceeded. This is due to composite information that was received from partners. Partner institutions submitted more animal records than planned for, and the additional plant records were due to extra capacity in the form of internships and contract personnel.

number of ecosystem classification systems and maps developed for the national biodiversity assessment.

annual Report on ecosystem classification and mapping.

100% achieved. annual Report on ecosystem classification and mapping.

number of quality controlled records for plant specimens in sanbI’s herbaria, and for animal specimens in museums or based on observations, added to databases.

21 000 records added to plant database; 35 000 records added to animal database.

100% achieved. 21 000 records added to plant database; 35 000 records added to animal database.






and modification)


actual achievement

74


ProGramme 4: assess, monItor and rePort on the state of bIodIversIty and Increase knoWledGe for decIsIon makInG InclUdInG clImate chanGe4.1: new biodiversity knowledge created for decision making.

number of research papers published in IsI journals.

85 additional publications.

100% achieved. 85 additional papers published.

4.2. scientific evidence on the status of biodiversity (based on monitoring and assessment including that of biodiversity loss) and the risks and benefits, is provided.

number of national scientific synthesis and assessment reports produced.

nba 2018 on schedule according to operational plan.

100% achieved. nba 2018 on schedule according to operational plan.

Red list assessments for one adittional taxonomic group completed.

100% achieved. Red list assessments for one additional taxonomic group completed.

national report completed on the status and trends of listed invasive species.

100% achieved. national report completed on the status and trends of listed invasive species.

scoping document for a monitoring framework on invasives initiated.

100% achieved. scoping document for a monitoring framework on Invasives initiated.

baseline data for monitoring impacts of GMos.

100% achieved. baseline data for monitoring impacts of GMos.

number of annual updates of non-detriment findings for the scientific authority to support neMba regulations.

one update for non-detriment findings for the scientific authority.

100% achieved. one update for non-detriment findings for the scientific authority.

number of large (>R2 million) cooperative research and assessment programmes that have delivered knowledge and data.

Two projects operational (bioGaps and Deep secrets) and one new proposal (Gef 6).

100% achieved. Two projects operational (bioGaps and Deep secrets) and one new proposal (Gef 6).






and modification)


actual achievement


75

ProGramme 5: ProvIde bIodIversIty PolIcy advIce and access to bIodIversIty InformatIon; and, sUPPort for clImate chanGe adaPtatIon5.1: Tools to support management and conservation of biodiversity developed and applied.

number of tools and knowledge resources developed to support mainstreaming of biodiversity assets and ecological infrastructure in production sectors and natural resource management.

Two environmental decision support tools produced.

100% achieved. Two tools produced: the biodiversity stewardship Guideline; and an environmental decision support tool providing the minimum standards for the consideration of environmental aspects in the preparation or review of municipal spatial Development frameworks (sDfs).

Three knowledge resources developed and disseminated.

100% achieved. Three knowledge resources developed and disseminated: a factsheet on Using cba Maps to support land-use planning and decision-making; a factsheet on biodiversity Providing Jobs; and a factsheet on biodiversity stewardship for communities.

number of coordination or learning mechanisms convened to share lessons and build capacity among provincial, municipal or other relevant decision makers.

five learning or coordination events convened.

100% achieved. five learning or coordination events convened: the 15th national biodiversity Planning forum; the eI Dialogue; the joint biodiversity Information Management and foundational biodiversity Information Programme forum; the 2nd national biodiversity stewardship conference; and the Provincial and Metro biodiversity Planning Working Group.

four training sessions convened.

100% achieved. four training sessions: Protected area expansion: legal capacity building; biodiversity offsets; fitness for Use of biological Data; and Growing Together: Thinking and Practice of natural Resource Management Practitioners Integrating social ecological systems.






and modification)


actual achievement

76







and modification)


actual achievement

ProGramme 5: ProvIde bIodIversIty PolIcy advIce and access to bIodIversIty InformatIon; and, sUPPort for clImate chanGe adaPtatIon (contInUed)5.2: access to biodiversity data, information and knowledge provided.

number of biodiversity records published.

an increase of 58 000 records published.

100% achieved. an increase of 58 000 records published.

5.3: scientific advice to support national and international policy processes provided.

Per centage of policy requests from Dea, provinces, municipalities and other organs of state responded to within timeframe stipulated in the request.

100% of relevant written requests from Dea and other organs of state responded to within timeframe stipulated.

100% achieved. 100% of relevant written requests responded to.

5.4: Policy support on climate change adaptation provided to inform national and international decision making.

an effective national Implementing entity to the Global adaptation fund shares lessons and experiences on a number of national and international platforms to inform climate change adaptation policy.

lessons and experience from nIe projects captured to inform four fora.

100% achieved. lessons and experience from nIe projects were shared at four fora.

number of biodiversity sector tools into which climate change adaptation has been mainstreamed.

one biodiversity sector tool into which climate change adaptation will be mainstreamed is identified.

100% achieved. one biodiversity sector tool into which climate change adaptation will be mainstreamed is identified.


77

ProGramme 6: ProvIde hUman caPItal develoPment, bIodIversIty edUcatIon and aWareness In resPonse to sanbI’s mandate6.1: a transformed and suitably skilled workforce for the biodiversity is developed.

number of black biodiversity professionals developed through human capital development initiatives including structured internships, post-graduate studentships and a fellowship programme for the achievement of a transformed and skilled workforce in the biodiversity sector.

100 professionals developed through structured internships and post-graduate studentships and a fellowship programme.

100% achieved. Mindful of the Minister’s approval (november 2017) to reduce the internship and studentship component of this target to 73.

number of beneficiaries participate in the biodiversity careers Programme aimed at attracting young people into the biodiversity sector.

1 000 beneficiaries participate in biodiversity careers Programme.

exceeded Target. The target of 1 000 has been exceeded by 139, as a result a total of 1 139 beneficiaries participated. The main reason for exceeding the target is because additional funding was secured through WWf. another factor is the opening of the Kwelera national botanical Garden, which created opportunities to work with schools in the area.

6.2: all national botanical gardens are promoted and used as platforms for biodiversity awareness, education and recreation.

number of users and beneficiaries of botanical gardens and school-based programmes for education, awareness, training and recreation have been increased

52 000 beneficiaries of garden and school-based programmes have been reached.

exceeded target. The annual target of 52 000 has been exceeded as a total of 53 179 beneficiaries have been reached. The target was exceeded because of the investment to promote the newly developed biodiversity education Programme at certain education centres.

6.3: civil society is engaged to contribute to science, monitoring and biodiversity conservation.

number of platforms facilitated for civil society engagement that contribute to biodiversity monitoring and biodiversity conservation.

Two platforms strengthened and facilitated.

100% achieved. The annual assessment of ispot records; review of sabaP contract were fully achieved.






and modification)


actual achievement

78



PB


PB

GoveRnanceRePoRTs


80

aPPoIntment and comPosItIon of the board

according to section 15 of the national environmental

Management: biodiversity act, 10 of 2004, the sanbI

board Members are appointed by the executive authority

for a term of three years. In terms of the Public finance

Management act (PfMa) the board is the accounting

authority of the Institution. Members of the executive

Management committee (eXco) attend board meetings

by invitation.

The board meets quarterly or whenever required for

specific extra-ordinary meetings. The business of the

board and its functions are conducted in line with the

approved board Manual/charter. The board induction is

conducted on appointment of the new board members.

The focus areas of the Induction sessions usually include

the following:

• broad introduction of sanbI;

• legal mandate of the Institute;

• financial position;

• enterprise Risks Management;

• fund raising strategy and sustainability;

• Information communication Technology Governance

framework implementation;

• Human Resources Programme;

• Marketing and communication initiatives and

activities;

coRPoRaTe GoveRnance sTaTeMenT: 2018/19

corporate governance is the set of processes, customs,

policies, laws and institutions affecting the way a

corporation (or company) is directed, administered or

controlled. an important theme of corporate governance

is the nature and extent of accountability of particular

individuals in the organisations, and the mechanisms that

try to reduce or eliminate the principal-agent problem.

corporate governance also includes the relationships

among the many stakeholders involved and the goals

for which the corporation is governed. In contemporary

business corporations, the main external stakeholder

groups are shareholders, debt holders, trade creditors,

suppliers, customers and communities affected by the

corporation’s activities. Internal stakeholders are the

board of directors, executives and other employees.

The south african national biodiversity Institute (sanbI)

subscribes to and is committed to complying with the

principles and standards of integrity and accountability

expressed in the Public finance Management act,

relevant national Treasury Regulations, and where

applicable and practical, the King Iv Report principles

and recommendations on corporate Governance. The

Institute enforces King vI principles and good ethical

practices through the leadership and guidance of the

sanbI board.

The Institute’s board, its committees and the executive

Management committee (eXco) ensures that the

Institute uphold and complies with these principles.


81

members were asked to complete a self-assessment

Questionnaire to determine their perceptions of the

strengths and weaknesses of the board in the context

of their fiduciary accountability to provide direction,

guidance and governance of the Institute. The board

submitted the final adopted assessment report to

the Minister of environment, forestry and fisheries,

highlighting successes and challenges during the year.

The assessment report was accepted by the Minister

and she expressed her satisfaction in respect of the

performance of the board during the reporting period,

i.e. 2018/19 financial year.

board commIttees

for operational effectiveness, the board has appointed

committees for key functional areas of the Institute

in line with their qualifications, expertise and skills.

These committees comprise members of the board

and advisors/experts who are well versed in their lines

of business. The advisor/expert appointments are

determined by the board. all committees of the board are

chaired by members of the board. any board member may

request or be requested to attend any other committee

meeting that he/she is not a member of. a framework

for committees’ responsibilities was developed to ensure

focused oversight of each committee and to avoid

duplication of reporting lines and conflicting decisions

being made. each committee mandate/activities are

guided by the Terms of Reference/charters approved by

the board.

• five-year corporate strategic Plan;

• annual Performance Plan, and

• capex, opex and Projects budgets.

The board consists of not fewer than seven and not more

than nine members who are appointed by the Minister of

environment, forestry and fisheries (formerly Dea). The

board further includes the Director-General, or an official

of the Department environment, forestry and fisheries

(formerly Dea) designated by the Director-General, and

the chief executive officer of the sanbI, as an ex officio

member.

fIdUcIary dUtIes

With regard to fiduciary duties, the sanbI accounting

authority exercises the duty of skill and care in the quest

to ensure reasonable protection of the assets of the entity.

The roles of the chairperson and chief executive officer

do not vest in the same person; the board chairperson is a

non-executive member of the Institute. The chairperson

and chief executive officer with the support of the board,

the committees and eXco ensure that the mandate and

objectives of the Institute are achieved. Implementation

of the mandate is evaluated by the Department of

environmental affairs and progress reports are tabled at

the Portfolio committee for environmental affairs (Pcea)

on a regular basis.

board assessment

It is expected that the performance evaluation of the

board should be performed on an annual basis. board

the sanbI board members for the PerIod 1 aPrIl 2018 – 31 march 2019

Ms M.e. Magomola (board chairperson) (01/04/2018 – 31/05/2018)

Dr b. van Wilgen

Dr s.T. cornelius (01/06/2018 – 30/09/2018)

Dr J.M. Matjila (board chairperson) (01/06/2018 – 30/09/2018)

Ms n.n. Mnqeta (01/04/2018 – 30/09/2018)

Mr s. Gounden (01/04/208 – 30/09/2018)

Ms b.D. ngidi (01/04/2018 – 30/09/2018)

Ms T. Godongwana

Ms s. Mancotywa (Dea representative) (01/04/2018 – 30/09/2018)

Dr y. seleti (DsT representative)

Ms n. Mngomezulu (01/06/2018 – 31/03/2019)

Ms b.D. ferguson (board chairperson) (01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

Dr l.T. luthuli (01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

Dr c.G. olver (01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

Ms v.J. Klein (01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

Ms J. Hermans (01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

Ms l. Makotoko (Dea representative) (01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

Dr M. Rampedi (chief executive officer) (ex officio)


82

the role of the commIttees Is maInly to advIse the board on:

1. The Institute’s mandate;

2. The strategic direction of the Institute;

3. The implementation of the corporate strategic Plan and the annual Performance Plan;

4. The monitoring and evaluation of key performance objectives; and

5. establishing and approval of budgeting requirements.

each committee operates within the approved Terms of Reference, which are reviewed annually.

commIttee 01 aPrIl 2018 to 31 march 2019

audit and risk committee #

(arc)

Dr s.T. cornelius (chairperson) (01/04/2018 – 30/09/2018)

Ms v.J. Klein (chairperson) (01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

Ms T. Godongwana (board Member)

Dr c.G. olver (board Member) (01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

Dr l.T. luthuli (board Member) (01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

Ms l. Makotoko (board Member) (01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

Mr J. Makoro (advisor/expert)

Mr T. Zororo (advisor/expert)

Mr G.J. Dladla (advisor/expert) (01/07/2018 – 30/09/2018)

Dr M. Rampedi (ceo) (ex officio)

Ms. e. Makau (Dea: chief financial officer) (ex officio)

Ms l. sithole (chief financial officer) (ex officio)

Governance, strategy and ethics committee

(Gse)

(disbanded in November 2018)

The new Board appointed on 1 October 2018 presented an opportunity to review its governance structure and the terms of reference of all the committees. The Board took the decision that matters that were dealt with by the GSE should be shared amongst the other three committees to avoid overlaps and duplications, particularly procurement matters, which were dealt with between the GSE and the Audit and Risk Committee.

Mr s. Gounden (chairperson) (01/04/2018 – 30/09/2018)

Dr l.T. luthuli (chairperson) (01/10/2018 – 31/10/2018)

Dr J.M. Matjila (board Member) (01/04/2018 – 30/09/2018)

Ms b.D. ngidi (board Member) (01/04/2018 – 30/09/2018)

Ms n. Mngomezulu (board Member) (01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

Ms J. Hermans (board Member) (01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

Ms l. Makotoko (board Member) (01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)


Mr M. Khoahli (chief corporate officer) (in attendance)

human resources and remuneration committee

(hr and remco)

Dr J.M. Matjila (chairperson) (01/04/2018 – 31/05/2018)

Dr y. seleti (chairperson) (01/06/2018 – 31/03/2019)

Ms b.D. ngidi (board Member)

Ms T. Godongwana (board Member)

Ms v.J. Klein (board Member)

Ms J. Hermans (board Member)

Ms l. Makotoko (board Member)

Ms n. Mngomezulu (board Member)


Mr. M. netshiombo (chief Director: Human Resources) (in attendance)


83

commIttee 01 aPrIl 2018 to 31 march 2019research, development and Innovation committee

(rd and I)

Ms n.n. Mnqeta (chairperson) (01/04/2018 – 30/09/2018)

Dr c.G. olver (chairperson) (01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

Prof. b. van Wilgen (board Member)

Dr y. seleti (board Member)

Ms s. Mancotywa (board Member) (01/04/2018 – 30/09/2018)

Ms n. Mgomezulu (board Member) (01/04/2018 – 30/09/2018)

Dr l.T. luthuli (board Member) (01/04/2018 – 30/09/2018)

Ms J. Hermans (board Member) (01/04/2018 – 30/09/2018)

Prof c. chimimba (Independent member) (01/04/2018 – 30/09/2018)

Dr l. Dziba (Independent member) (14/01/2019 – 31/03/2019)

Prof. M. Muasya (Independent member) (14/01/2019 – 31/03/2019)


Ms. c. Mbizvo (Head of biodiversity Research and Policy advice branch (in

attendance)

#. As required by Treasury Regulation 27, the Board appointed an Audit and Risk Committee to assist with the discharge of its duties. The terms of reference of this Committee are approved by the Board. The Committee meets four times per year and one extra-ordinary meeting is held during the end of May annually, to consider the draft Annual Financial Statements.

board meetInGs

number of meetings each member attended

names 30 may 2018

15 july 2018

12 sept 2018

26 sept 2018

30 nov 2018

13 feb 2019

total

1. Ms M.e. Magomola (board

chairperson) appointed as sanParks

board chairperson on 01 June 2018

√ 1

2. Dr J. Matjila (board chairperson from

01/06/2018 to 30/09/2018)

√ √ √ √ 4

3. Dr s.T. cornelius √ √ √ √ 4

4. Ms n.n. Mnqeta √ √ √ √ 4

5. Ms b.D. ngidi √ √ √ √ 4

6. Mr s. Gounden √ - √ √ 3

7. Ms T. Godongwana - √ √ √ √ - 4

8. Prof. b. van Wilgen √ √ √ - √ - 5

9. Dr y. seleti - - - - - - 0

10. Ms s. Mancotywa √ - √ √ 3

11. Ms n. Mngomezulu

(01/06/2018 – 31/03/2019)

√ √ √ √ √ 5

12. Ms b.D. ferguson

(01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

√ √ 2

13. Dr l. luthuli

(01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

√ √ 2

14. Dr c. olver

(01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

√ √ 2

15. Ms v. Klein

(01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

√ √ 2


84

board meetInGs (contInUed)

number of meetings each member attended (continued)

names 30 may 2018

15 july 2018

12 sept 2018

26 sept 2018

30 nov 2018

13 feb 2019

total

16. Ms J. Hermans

(01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

√ √ 2

17. Ms l. Makotoko

(01/10/2018 – 31/03/2019)

√ √ 2

18. Dr M. Rampedi (CEO) (ex officio) √ - √ √ √ √ 5

aUdIt and rIsk commIttee


names 26 april 2018

30 may 2018

27 july 2018

28 aug 2018

31 oct 2018

29 jan 2019

06 mar 2019

total

1. Dr s.T. cornelius √ √ √ √ 4

2. Ms T. Godongwana √ - √ √ - √ √ 5

3. Mr T. Zororo √ √ √ - 3

4. Mr J. Makoro √ √ √ - 3

5. Mr G.J. Dladla

(01/07/2018 – 31/03/2019)

√ - 1

6. Mr s. Gounden

Invited to 1 meeting

√ 1

7. Ms v. Klein √ √ √ 3

8. Dr c. olver √ √ - 2

9. Dr l. luthuli √ √ 2

10. Ms l. Makotoko √ - 1

11. Dr M. Rampedi (CEO) (ex officio) √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 7

Governance, strateGy and ethIcs commIttee


names 09 may 2018 11 september 2018 23 october 2018 total

1. Mr s. Gounden √ √ 2

2. Ms b.D. ngidi √ √ 2

3. Dr J. Matjila √ 1

4. Ms n. Mngomezulu √ √ 2

5. Dr l. luthuli √ 1

6. Ms J. Hermans √ 1

7. Ms l .Makotoko √ 1

8. Dr M. Rampedi (CEO) (ex officio) √ √ √ 3


85

hUman resoUrce and remUneratIon commIttee


names 15 may 2018

29 may 2018

16 aug 2018

10 sept 2018

25 sept 2018

25 oct 2018

04 nov 2018

30 jan 2019

13 mar 2019

total

1. Dr J. Matjila √ √ 2

2. Ms b.D. ngidi √ √ √ √ √ 5

3. Dr y. seleti - √ √ √ - - √ √ √ 5

4. Ms T. Godongwana √ √ √ - √ 3

5. Ms v. Klein √ √ √ √ 3

6. Ms J. Hermans √ √ √ √ 3

7. Ms l. Makotoko √ - √ - 2

8. Ms n. Mngomezulu √ √ 3

9. Dr M. Rampedi

(CEO) (ex officio)

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ - 8

research, develoPment and InnovatIon commIttee meetInGs


names 16 may 2018

21 august 2018

24 october 2018

23 january 2019

total

1. Ms n.n. Mnqeta √ √ 22. Prof. b. van Wilgen √ √ √ - 33. Ms s. Mancotywa √ √ 24. Dr y. seleti - - - - 25. Prof. c.T. chimimba √ √ 46. Dr l. Dziba Prof. M Muasya

(14/01/2019 – 31/03/2019)

√ - √ 4

7. Dr c. olver √ √ 28. Ms T. Godongwana √ 19. Ms n. Mngomezulu √ 110. Dr l. luthuli √ 111. Ms J. Hermans √ 112. Prof. M. Muasya

(14/01/2019 – 31/03/2019)

√ 1

13. Dr M. Rampedi (CEO)

(ex officio)

√ √ √ √ 4

manaGement strUctUre

The executive Management committee (eXco) comprises

of the following:

• chief executive officer (as chairperson);

• Head of biodiversity science and Policy advice;

• chief financial officer, chief corporate officer;

• chief Directors;

• Managing Director of the national Zoological Garden;

• chair of the Management committee (Manco); and

• Directors and subject specialists are invited as/when

required to present on specific subjects.

This committee meets monthly and also meets on an

ad hoc basis as deemed necessary by the chairperson.

The role of the committee is to ensure the co-ordinated

and efficient execution of all functions delegated to it by

the board. eXco operations are guided by its approved

Terms of Reference.

The management and administration structure of the

Institute is geographically decentralised because of the

wide geographical spread and activities of its various


86

units. The Head of each Unit is called a ‘Head of cost

centre’ (Hocc). Management committee (Manco),

predominantly comprising of Directors, plays a role

of advising eXco in specific matters, development

of new policies/procedures/guidelines and review of

organisational policies.

Implicit in the concept is a substantial measure of

delegation of both responsibility and authority, which

in turn requires effective control and evaluation systems.

both financial and management responsibilities are

delegated and clearly communicated to the Hoccs.

These officers are actively involved in the budget

development and take responsibility for the disciplined

management of their cost centre budgets within clearly

defined policies, procedures and Delegations of authority

(Doa) approved by the board.

aUdIt

The auditor-General of south africa (aGsa) is the

external auditor of sanbI in terms of the Public audit

act, no. 25 of 2004. The Institution has contracted a

private audit firm, Mazars, to carry out internal audit

functions for a period of five years. The board, through

the audit and Risk committee, exercises oversight on

financial reporting and internal control systems. The

Internal auditors (Ia) report directly to the audit and Risk

committee (aRc) according to the approved Internal

audit charter. Included in the Internal audit charter is

a structured internal audit approach, premised on the

International standards for the Professional Practice of

Internal auditors (IsPPIa) as prescribed by the Institute of

Internal auditors (IIa).

furthermore it is the requirement of Treasury Regulation

27.2.7 that an Ia must prepare, in consultation with and

for approval by the audit and Risk committee, a risk-

based three-year rolling Ia Plan.

enterPrIse rIsk manaGement (erm)

The Institute acknowledges that it does not operate

in a risk-free environment; therefore it is imperative for

management to ensure that effective internal controls are

put in place to mitigate the risks. The Institute continues

to implement Risk Management processes as per the

approved Risk Management Policy. a comprehensive risk

assessment was conducted with executive Management.

The assessment focused on risks at strategic and

operational level, which forms the basis for the Internal

audit plans. The assessment was aligned to the annual

performance plans to ensure that efficient management

of risk contributes to improved performance. The results

of the assessment were reviewed by the audit and

Risk committee and subsequently approved by the

sanbI board. The continuous identification of emerging

risks done as part of risk management monitoring

thus transmitted into improvement in the Institute’s

performance.

an enterprise Risk Management (eRM) system, barnowl,

has been implemented and is being used to monitor

progress on the risk action plans. The business continuity

Plan (bcP) and the Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) have

been implemented and progress in this regard is regularly

reported to the audit and Risk committee. based on

the mature eRM culture within sanbI the combined

assurance Model was developed and is being used

to report on the adequacy and effectiveness of all the

assurance providers to the audit and Risk committee on

a quarterly basis.

The Risk Management and fraud Prevention committee

(RMfPcom), which is under the auspices of the audit

and Risk committee and chaired by the chief corporate

officer, adjudicates on alleged fraud cases reported

through the whistle-blowing system or other approved

means. This subcommittee functions according to the

approved Terms of Reference. The fraud Prevention

Policy and Plan are in place to provide mechanisms

for the implementation of fraud prevention. In light of

the then drought in the Western cape based national

botanical gardens, a Water Management committee was

established to manage and monitor the water crisis. The

Institute’s water and fire management plans also cover

other affected provinces.

a Whistle-blowing Hotline is fully functional and is

administered and managed by KPMG. KPMG reports

any cases of fraud or misconduct to management and

Internal auditors for investigation if warranted.

cases of loss and/or damages to assets are recorded into a

loss control Register and dealt with by the Management

liability assessment subcommittee. sanctions are

always administered in cases of proven negligent losses

and damages that are ascribed to recklessness and

carelessness.

deleGatIon of aUthorIty (doa)

The board approved the Delegation of authority

framework for effective operational requirements.

This clarifies lines of authority and powers for various

transactions the Institute undertakes. The Doa is

regularly reviewed and amended to suit the operations

of the Institute and for alignment with national Treasury


87

Instructions and other Regulations, especially the

Procurements and cost containment Guidelines.

Internal control systems

Internal control is a process, effected by an entity’s

board of Directors, management, and other personnel,

designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the

achievement of objectives relating to the following areas:

• Operations – effectiveness, efficiency, safeguarding

of assets.

• Reporting – reliability, timeliness, transparenc.

• Compliance – within regulatory environment.

financial and operational systems of internal control are

adhered to as required by applicable Regulations and

laws. Management has a fundamental responsibility to

develop and maintain effective internal control. These

controls are designed to provide reasonable assurance

that transactions are concluded in accordance with

management authority, assets are protected and the

financial transactions are properly recorded.

manaGement of InformatIon commUnIca-

tIon technoloGy

The board is responsible for Information communication

Technology (IcT) governance. The board delegated

aspects of oversight of IcT governance to the audit and

Risk committee. There is an approved sanbI Information

Technology Policy framework (Principles & Guidelines)

based on the premise that IcT governance exists to inform

and align decision making for information technology

planning, policy and operations in order to meet business

objectives, ascertain that risks are managed appropriately

and verify that resources are being used responsibly and

strategically. There is an IcT Governance framework with

an implementation plan that is monitored by the audit

and Risk committee on a quarterly basis. an IcT steering

committee was established at a management level

to deal with IcT Governance and advise eXco on IcT

strategic matters.

emPloyment eQUIty Plan

The employment equity Plan in sanbI is monitored by

the employment equity and Training committee. The

primary aim of the employment equity Plan is to achieve

the following:

• compliance with the provisions and legal

requirements of the employment equity act no. 55 of

1998;

• Promotion of equal opportunity and fair treatment

in employment through the elimination of unfair

discrimination;

• Implementing affirmative action measures to redress

the barriers in employment experienced by designated

groups to ensure their equitable representation in all

occupational categories and levels in the workplace;

• accommodation of physically challenged people

through modification and adjustment of the physical

working environment; and

• attraction, development and retention of staff

members with emphasis on those from designated

groups.

sanbI strives to achieve its employment equity vision

through the following initiatives:

• Implementation of all the critical success factors for

effective employment equity transformation;

• Provision of all necessary personnel and financial

resources;

• Utilising the sanbI structures to consult and

communicate with all employees, either directly or

indirectly; and

• Putting in place the enabling systems and working

environment geared towards the maximisation of

advancement of persons from designated groups.

• employee participation is encouraged by putting best

practices in place to foster good and co-operative

relationships and employee participation at all levels

of the Institute. Union representation, staff meetings,

and task teams are all instrumental in facilitating

participation.

code of condUct

a code of conduct that applies to all staff members is

implemented as approved. The code of conduct facilitates

sound business ethics in the Institute and plays an important

role in defining the organisational culture and in governing

effective discipline within the Institute. It is a standard

annexure to all letters of appointment to ensure that new

staff members are well informed. board members are

subject to an approved code of conduct.

conflIct of Interest

as part of the appointment protocol, all new staff members

of the Institute are obliged to complete a Declaration on

conflict of Interest. Management sign this declaration

in all meetings. The bids committee members sign the

declaration in every procurement adjudication meeting.

all board members are, in keeping with the PfMa, required

to complete a Disclosure of Interest declaration annually

and at every board and subcommittee meeting. Registers

of declaration of interest are kept by the Institute.

sUPPly chaIn manaGement

During this financial year, the Institute updated and

aligned all procurement systems, policies, processes and

practices with PfMa and Treasury prescripts on supply

chain Management. sanbI complied with the reporting

requirements of the Department of environmental affairs

(Deff since June 2019) and national Treasury by regularly

reporting on the supply chain management system

activities.

leGIslatIve frameWork

The Institute, being a section 3a Public entity, has to

comply with a number of laws, including:

• national environmental Management: biodiversity

act no. 10 of 2004;

• labour Relations act no. 66 of 1995;

• basic conditions of employment act no. 75 of 1997;

• employment equity act no. 55 of 1998;

• skills Development act no. 97 of 1998;

• skills Development levies act no. 9 of 1999;

• Public finance Management act no. 1 of 1999 (PMfa);

• occupational Health and safety act no. 85 of 1993;

• Generally Recognised accounting Practice (GRaP);

• compensation for occupational Injuries and Diseases

act no. 130 of 1993;

• Promotion of access to Information act no. 2 of 2000;

• Government Immovable asset Management act no.

19 of 2007; and

• Protection of Personal Information act no. 4 of 2013.

ms carmel mbizvo

acting sanbI chief executive officer

88


89

annUal fInancIal sTaTeMenTs

InDeXThe reports and statements set out below comprise the financial statements presented to the parliament:

Page

General Information 90

statement of Responsibility of the board 91

audit and Risk committee Report 92

Report of the auditor-General of south africa (aGsa) 94

annexure–auditor-General’s responsibility for the audit 100

Report of the accounting authority 101

statement of financial Position 104

statement of financial Performance 105

statement of changes in net assets 106

cash flow statement 107

statement of comparison of budget and actual amounts 108

accounting Policies 110

notes to the financial statements 134

The following supplementary information does not form part of the financial statements and

is unaudited: annexure a - Project sponsorships and donations170


90

South African National Biodiversity InstituteFinancial statements for the year ended 31 March 2019

GeneRal InfoRMaTIoncountry of incorporation and domicile

south africa

controlling entity Department of environmental affairs

auditors auditor-General south africa

nature of business and principal activities

sanbI plays a leadership role in:

• Generating, coordinating and interpreting the knowledge and evidence required to

support policies and decisions relating to all aspects of biodiversity.

• The human capital development strategy of the sector.

sanbI also manages the national botanical gardens and the national Zoological Garden as

windows to south africa’s biodiversity for recreation, education and research purposes.

members of the board Ms b. ferguson (board chairperson 01/10/18 – 31/03/19)


Prof. b. van Wilgen (01/04/18–31/03/19)

Ms T. Godongwana (01/04/18–31/03/19)

Ms n. Mngomezulu (01/06/18–31/03/19)

Dr T. luthuli (01/10/18–31/03/19) Dr c olver (01/10/18–31/03/19) Ms v. Klein (01/10/18 –

31/03/19) Ms J. Hermans (01/10/18–31/03/19)

Dr y. seleti (01/04/18–31/03/19) Ms l. Makotoko (01/10/18–31/03/19)

Ms M.e. Magomola (board chairperson 01/04/18–31/05/18)

Dr J. Matjila [ 01/03/18–30/09/18 (acting board chairperson 01/06/18 – 30/09/18)]

Dr s.T. cornelius (01/04/18–30/09/18)

Ms n.n. Mnqeta (01/04/18–30/09/18)

Ms b.D. ngidi (01/04/18–30/09/18) Mr s. Gounden (01/04/18–30/09/18)

Ms s. Mancotywa (01/04/18–30/09/18)

Ms l. Makotoko (01/10/18–31/03/19

registered office 2 cussonia avenue

brummeria

Pretoria

0002

bankers Pretoria

0001

nedbank limited

absa limited


91


sTaTeMenT of ResPonsIbIlITy of THe boaRDThe south african national biodiversity Institute (sanbI) was established in terms of the national environmental

Management: biodiversity act of 2004 (no. 10 of 2004) and is subject to the provisions of the PfMa 1999.

The PfMa requires the accounting authority (the board) to ensure that sanbI keeps full and proper records of

its financial affairs. The financial statements should fairly present the state of affairs of sanbI, its financial results, its

performance against predetermined objectives and its financial position at the end of the year in terms of the effective

south african standards of GRaP, including any interpretations, guidelines and directives issued by the asb.

The financial statements are the responsibility of the board. The external auditors are responsible for independently

auditing and reporting on the financial statements.

These financial statements are based on appropriate accounting policies, supported by reasonable and prudent

judgements and estimates, and have been prepared on the going-concern basis. The board has reviewed the

sanbI’s cash flow forecast for the year ending 31 March 2020 and considered the potential long term resourcing risks and

challenges faced by the Institute. In light of this review and the current financial position, the board is satisfied

that sanbI has adequate resources or has access to adequate resources to continue in operational existence in the

short-term.

To enable the board to meet the above-mentioned responsibilities, it sets standards and ensures implemention of

systems of internal control. The controls are designed to provide cost-effective assurance that assets are safeguarded,

and that liabilities and working capital are efficiently managed.

Policies, procedures, structures and approval frameworks provide direction, accountability and division of

responsibilities, and contain self-monitoring mechanisms. The controls throughout the sanbI focus on the critical risk

areas identified by operational risk management and confirmed by executive Management. both Management and the

Internal auditors closely monitor the controls and actions taken to correct deficiencies as they are identified.

based on the information and explanations given by Management the advice received from the Internal auditors, and

discussions held with the auditor-General of south africa on the result of their audits, the board is of the opinion that the

internal accounting controls are partially effective, but efficient enough to ensure that the financial records may be relied

on for preparing the financial statements and accountability for the assets and liabilities is maintained.

It has come to the attention of the board that during the financial year under review, there was a breakdown in the

functioning of the internal controls, procedures and systems at its acquired function, t h e national Zoological Garden,

which is in the process of being integrated into the broader sanbI. various measures were undertaken to mitigate

the effects of the breakdown.

In the opinion of the board, based on the information available to date, the financial statements fairly present the

financial position of sanbI as at 31 March 2019 and the results of its operations and cash flow information for the year.

The financial statements of sanbI for the year ended 31 March 2019, which have been prepared on the going-

concern basis, have been approved by the board and signed on its behalf by:

28 May 2019

ms b. ferguson (board chairperson)

dr m. rampedi (chief executive officer) (ex officio)


92


aUDIT anD RIsK coMMITTee RePoRTWe are pleased to present our report for the financial year ended 31 March 2019.

audit and Risk committee Members and attendance

The audit and Risk committee composition is as tabled below and held meetings for the financial year under review:

name of member number of meetings

requested to attend

meetings attended

Dr s.T. cornelius (board Member and chairperson) – Term ended 30 september 2018 4 3

Ms v. Klein (board Member and chairperson) – appointed 01 october 2018 3 3

Ms T. Godongwana (board Member) 7 5

Dr l. luthuli (board Member) – appointed 01 october 2018 2 2

Dr c. olver (board Member) – appointed 01 october 2018 2 2

Ms l. Makotoko (board Member) – appointed 01 october 2018 3 1

Mr T. Zororo (advisor/expert) – Term ended 30 september 2018 4 3

Mr J. Makoro (advisor/expert) – Term ended 30 september 2018 4 3

Mr G. Dladla (advisor/expert) – appointed 01 July 2018 to 30 september 2018 2 1

Dr M. Rampedi (ceo and board Member)* 7 7

Ms l. sithole (ex officio : sanbI cfo)* 7 7

*by permanent invitation

audit and risk committee responsibility

The audit and Risk committee reports that it has complied with its responsibilities arising from section 51(1)(a) of the

PfMa and Treasury Regulation 27.1. The audit and Risk committee has adopted appropriate formal Terms of Reference

as its audit and Risk committee charter, has regulated its affairs in compliance with this charter and has discharged all its

responsibilities as contained therein.

the effectiveness of internal control

The system of internal controls is designed to provide cost effective assurance that assets are safeguarded and that liabilities

and working capital are efficiently managed. The audit and Risk committee has evaluated all significant and material

issues raised in reports issued by the Internal audit function, the audit Report on the annual financial statements, and

management letter of the auditor-General, and is concerned with the deterioration of the internal control environment.

In line with the PfMa and the King Report on corporate Governance, the Internal audit function and other assurance

providers provided the audit and Risk committee and management with assurance that the internal controls are partially

appropriate and effective for those areas included in the annual operational plan. This is achieved by means of the risk

management process, as well as the identification of corrective actions and suggested enhancements to the controls and

processes. The audit and Risk committee has evaluated the work performed by the Internal audit function and other

assurance service providers. based upon this evaluation, the committee reports that the systems of internal controls for the

period under review were partially effective and efficient and requires concerted effort by management.

The work performed by the internal audit was based on an approved risk-based internal audit plan for the year under review. The internal audit function conducted the following reviews during the 2018/2019 financial year:

• Risk Management Process Review;

• Information Technology Review – IT Disaster Recovery;

• Performance information against objectives;


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• business operations Program 4;

• business operations Program 5;

• supply chain Management;

• asset Management; and

• financial control Review:

- Human Resources Management.

- Information Technology Review business continuity.

We are concerned with the evaluation of the internal control environment as communicated to us, and having consideration

for the entity’s action plans to remedy the weaknesses and irregular expenditure reported during the current and previous

financial years.

evaluation of financial statements

The audit and Risk committee is satisfied with the content and quality of monthly and quarterly reports prepared in

relation to the operations at the national botanical Gardens but were concerned with those relating to the operations at

the national Zoological Gardens.

The audit committee has:

a) Reviewed and discussed the audited annual financial statements to be included in the annual report with the office of the auditor-General and the accounting authority;

b) Reviewed the auditor-General’s management letter and management’s response thereto;

c) Reviewed accounting policies and practices;

d) Reviewed significant adjustments resulting from the audit.

The audit and Risk committee considered the auditor-General’s conclusions on the annual financial statements and is of

the opinion that the audited annual financial statements be accepted and read together with the report of the auditor-

General.

ms. venete klein

chairperson: audit and Risk committee


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report on the audit of the financial statements Qualified opinion

1. I have audited the financial statements of the south african national biodiversity Institute set out on pages 104 to 169,

which comprise the statement of financial position as at 31 March 2019, the statement of financial performance, the

statement of changes in net assets, the cash flow statement and the statement of comparison of budget and actual

amounts for the year then ended, as well as the notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant

accounting policies.

2. In my opinion, except for the effects of the matters described in the basis for qualified opinion section of this auditor’s

report, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the south african national

biodiversity Institute as at 31 March 2019, and its financial performance and cash flows for the year then ended in

accordance with the south african standards of Generally Recognised accounting Practice (sa standards of GRaP) and

the requirements of the Public finance Management act of south africa, 1999 (act no. 1 of 1999) (PfMa).

basis for qualified opinion

Irregular expenditure3. The entity made payments in contravention of supply chain management requirements, which were not included in

the irregular expenditure disclosed as required by section 55(2)(b)(i) of the PfMa. as the entity did not quantify the

full extent of such irregular expenditure, it was impracticable to determine the resultant understatement of irregular

expenditure of R17. 437 million as disclosed in note 35 to the financial statements.

Revenue from exchange transactions 4. I was unable to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence (for example sales receipts, admission fee invoices and

contracts or agreements) for revenue from exchange transactions. This was because adequate control processes

were not in place to ensure that sufficient appropriate audit evidence is readily available for audit purposes. I was

unable to confirm the revenue from exchange transactions by alternative means. consequently, I was unable to

determine whether any further adjustments were necessary relating to revenue from exchange transactions, stated at

R183. 007 million in the statement of financial performance, or whether any further adjustments were necessary to the

financial statements arising from revenue from exchange transactions not brought to account or incorrectly stated.

Payables from exchange transactions

5. The entity did not account for all goods and services received but not yet paid for, while for some the entity accounted

for month-end supplier statement balances instead of expenditure transactions. consequently trade payables is

understated by R10. 137 million, while operating expenditure is understated by R10. 102 million and accrued expenses

by R0. 035 million. additionally, there was an impact on the surplus for the period and on the accumulated surplus.

both trade payables and operating expenditure are further impacted as I was unable to obtain sufficient appropriate

audit evidence regarding the following:

operating expenditure of R3. 782 million included in the disclosed balance of R242. 923 million in note 21 to the financial statements

Trade payables of R1. 558 million as included in the disclosed balance of R25. 383 million in note 13 to the financial statements.

RePoRT of THe aUDIToR-GeneRal To PaRlIaMenT on THe soUTH afRIcan naTIonal bIoDIveRsITy InsTITUTe


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I was unable to confirm the above by alternative means. consequently, I was unable to determine whether any further

adjustments were necessary to the financial statements arising from trade payables and operating expenditure not

brought to account or incorrectly stated.

6. other payables were erroneously raised, resulting in the overstatement of other payables by R4. 786 million and the

overstatement of operating expenditure by the same amount. There was an impact on the surplus for the period

and on the accumulated surplus. furthermore, I was unable to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence (payables

listings, supplier statements and reconciliations), for transactions of R5. 195 million included as other payables. This

was because adequate control processes were not in place to ensure that sufficient appropriate audit evidence is

readily available for audit purposes. I could not confirm these other payables by alternative means. consequently, I was

unable to determine whether any further adjustments were necessary to other payables, stated at R9. 684 million in

note 13 to the financial statements, or to the financial statements arising from other payables not brought to account

or incorrectly stated.

7. I was unable to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the following:

Income received in advance of R2. 334 million, included in the disclosed balance of R2. 523 million in note 13 to the

financial statements

accrued leave pay of R5. 412 million, included in the disclosed balance of R17. 051 million in note 13 to the financial

statements.

I was unable to confirm payables from exchange transactions by alternative means. consequently, I was unable to

determine whether any further adjustments were necessary to the financial statements arising from payables from

exchange transactions not brought to account or incorrectly stated.

context for the opinion 8. I conducted my audit in accordance with the International standards on auditing (Isas). My responsibilities under

those standards are further described in the auditor-general’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

section of this auditor’s report.

9. I am independent of the public entity in accordance with sections 290 and 291 of the International ethics standards

board for accountants’ Code of ethics for professional accountants and parts 1 and 3 of the International ethics standards

board for accountants’ International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including International Independence Standards) (Iesba codes), as well as the ethical requirements that are relevant to my audit in south africa. I have fulfilled

my other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the Iesba codes.

10. I believe that the audit evidence I have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for my qualified opinion.

emphasis of matters 11. I draw attention to the matters below. My opinion is not modified in respect of these matters.

Restatement of corresponding figures 12. as disclosed in notes 36 and 37 to the financial statements, the corresponding figures for 31 March 2018 were restated

as a result of errors in the financial statements of the entity at, and for the year ended, 31 March 2019.

Transfer of function 13. as disclosed in note 38 to the financial statements, the national Zoological Garden (nZG) was transferred from the

national Research foundation (nRf) to the south african national biodiversity Institute (sanbI) with effect from 1 april

2018.

contingencies 14. as disclosed in note 27 to the financial statements, the entity has disclosed a contingent asset of R7 146 million relating

to a claim against a contractor for the construction of a new office building, repairs, renovations and upgrades at the

KwaZulu-natal Herbarium.


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other matter

15. I draw attention to the matter below. My opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.

Unaudited supplementary schedules

16. The supplementary information set out on pages 170 to 171, i.e. annexure of the afs only, does not form part of the

financial statements and is presented as additional information. I have not audited these schedules and, accordingly,

do not express an opinion thereon.

responsibilities of accounting authority for the financial statements 17. The board of directors, which constitutes the accounting authority, is responsible for the preparation and fair

presentation of the financial statements in accordance with the sa standards of GRaP and the requirements of the

PfMa, and for such internal control as the accounting authority determines is necessary to enable the preparation of

financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

18. In preparing the financial statements, the accounting authority is responsible for assessing the south african national

biodiversity Institute’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters relating to going

concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the appropriate governance structure either intends

to liquidate the public entity or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

auditor-general’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

19. My objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from

material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes my opinion.

Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with

the Isas will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and

are considered material if, individually or in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic

decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

20. a further description of my responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is included in the annexure to this

auditor’s report.

report on the audit of the annual performance report

Introduction and scope

21. In accordance with the Public audit act of south africa, 2004 (act no. 25 of 2004) (Paa) and the general notice

issued in terms thereof, I have a responsibility to report material findings on the reported performance information

against predetermined objectives for selected programmes presented in the annual performance report. I performed

procedures to identify findings but not to gather evidence to express assurance.

22. My procedures address the reported performance information, which must be based on the approved performance

planning documents of the public entity. I have not evaluated the completeness and appropriateness of the

performance indicators included in the planning documents. My procedures also did not extend to any disclosures

or assertions relating to planned performance strategies and information in respect of future periods that may be

included as part of the reported performance information. accordingly, my findings do not extend to these matters.

23. I evaluated the usefulness and reliability of the reported performance information in accordance with the criteria

developed from the performance management and reporting framework, as defined in the general notice, for the

following selected programmes presented in the annual performance report of the public entity for the year ended

31 March 2019:


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Programmes Pages in the annual performance report

Programme 2–manage and unlock benefits of the network of national botanical gardens as windows into south africa’s biodiversity

64–65

Programme 4–assess, monitor and report on the state of biodiversity and increase knowledge for decision making including climate change

66–67

24. I performed procedures to determine whether the reported performance information was properly presented and

whether performance was consistent with the approved performance planning documents. I performed further

procedures to determine whether the indicators and related targets were measurable and relevant, and assessed the

reliability of the reported performance information to determine whether it was valid, accurate and complete.

25. The material findings in respect of the usefulness of the selected programmes are as follows: Programme 2–manage and unlock benefits of the network of national botanical gardens as windows into south

africa’s biodiversity

Indicator 2.2–percentage visitor numbers increased through expanded tourism-related activities and events in national

botanical gardens

26. I was unable to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence that clearly defined the predetermined source information

and method of collection to be used when measuring the actual achievement for the indicator. This was due to a lack

of a clearly defined technical indicator description. I was unable to test whether the indicator was well-defined by

alternative means. Programme 4–assess, monitor and report on the state of biodiversity and increase knowledge for decision making including climate change

Indicator 4.1.3–number of risk analyses conducted for invasive species

27. The planned indicator and target were for new risk analyses conducted, but the reported achievement referred to was

risk assessments conducted.

28. I did not raise any material findings on the reliability of the reported performance information for these programmes:

Programme 2–manage and unlock benefits of the network of national botanical gardens as windows into south africa’s

biodiversity

Programme 4–assess, monitor and report on the state of biodiversity and increase knowledge for decision making

including climate change.

other matters

29. I draw attention to the matters below.

Achievement of planned targets 30. Refer to the annual performance report on pages 64 to 67 for information on the achievement of planned targets for

the year and explanations provided for the under and over achievement of a number of targets. This information should

be considered in the context of the material findings on the usefulness of the reported performance information in

paragraphs 26 to 28 of this report.

adjustment of material misstatements 31. I identified material misstatements in the annual performance report submitted for auditing. These material

misstatements were on the reported performance information of programme 2: manage and unlock benefits of the

network of national botanical gardens as windows into south africa’s biodiversity. as management subsequently

corrected only some of the misstatements, I raised material findings on the usefulness of the reported performance

information. Those that were not corrected are reported above.


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report on the audit of compliance with legislation Introduction and scope

32. In accordance with the Paa and the general notice issued in terms thereof, I have a responsibility to report material

findings on the compliance of the public entity with specific matters in key legislation. I performed procedures to

identify findings but not to gather evidence to express assurance.

33. The material findings on compliance with specific matters in key legislations are as follows:

annual financial statements 34. The financial statements submitted for auditing were not prepared in accordance with the prescribed financial

reporting framework and were not supported by full and proper records, as required by section 55(1)(a) and (b) of the

PfMa. Material misstatements identified by the auditors in the submitted financial statements were corrected and the

supporting records were provided subsequently, but the uncorrected material misstatements and supporting records

that could not be provided resulted in the financial statements receiving a qualified opinion.

expenditure management 35. effective and appropriate steps were not taken to prevent irregular expenditure, as required by section 51(1)(b)(ii) of the

PfMa. as reported in the basis for qualified opinion, the value disclosed in note 35 of the financial statements does not

reflect the full extent of the irregular expenditure as the full extent of the irregular expenditure could not be quantified.

The majority of the irregular expenditure disclosed in the financial statements was caused by non-compliance with

supply chain regulations.

Procurement and contract management 36. sufficient appropriate audit evidence could not be obtained that goods and services with a transaction value above

R500 000 were procured by inviting competitive bids or through the approval of deviations by the accounting officer

where it was impractical to invite competitive bids, as required by treasury regulations 16a6.1 and 16a6.4.

37. some construction contracts were awarded to contractors that were not registered with the construction Industry

Development board or did not qualify for the contract in accordance with section 18(1) of the construction Industry

Development board act, 2000 (act no. 38 of 2000) (cIDb act).

38. some bid documentation to procure commodities designated for local content and production, did not stipulate the

minimum threshold for local production and content as required by the 2017 preferential procurement regulation 8(2).

39. some commodities designated for local content and production were procured from suppliers who did not submit a

declaration on local production and content, as required by the 2017 preferential procurement regulation 8(5).

other information 40. The accounting authority is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information

included in the annual report. The other information does not include the financial statements, the auditor’s report and

those selected programmes presented in the annual performance report that have been specifically reported in this

auditor’s report.

41. My opinion on the financial statements and findings on the reported performance information and compliance with

legislation do not cover the other information and I do not express an audit opinion or any form of assurance conclusion

thereon.

42. In connection with my audit, my responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the

other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements and the selected programmes presented

in the annual performance report, or my knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially

misstated.

43. I have nothing to report in this regard.


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internal control deficiencies 44. I considered internal control relevant to my audit of the financial statements, reported performance information and

compliance with applicable legislation; however, my objective was not to express any form of assurance on it. The

matters reported below are limited to the significant internal control deficiencies that resulted in the basis for the

qualified opinion, the findings on the performance report and the findings on compliance with legislation included in

this report.

45. action plans to address the previous year’s audit findings were not sufficient, as findings identified in the previous year’s

audit of commitments and the performance report recurred.

46. Management did not adequately review the financial statements before submission, which resulted in material

misstatements identified in the submitted financial statements. furthermore, adequate processes were not in place to

ensure that sufficient appropriate audit evidence is readily available for audit purposes.

47. Management did not adequately review and monitor compliance with legislation to ensure fair, transparent and

competitive procurement processes, specifically relating to the cIDb act, local content and procurement that requires

a formal tender process.

48. Management’s systems were not sufficient to account for all the visitors at the combined network of the south african

national biodiversity Institute’s botanical gardens during the financial year, as required by indicator 2.2. furthermore,

management failed to appropriately define the indicator during the performance planning period to ensure that they

could appropriately measure and report on this indicator in a way that fairly presents its performance.

49. Management’s process was not adequate to identify the inconsistency between indicator 4.1.3 as described in

the annual performance plan and annual performance report, and the description of the target in the annual

performance report.

cape Town

30 august 2019

auditor-general


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1. as part of an audit in accordance with the Isas, I exercise professional judgement and maintain professional scepticism

throughout my audit of the financial statements, and the procedures performed on reported performance information

for selected programmes and on the entity’s compliance with respect to the selected subject matters.

financial statements

2. In addition to my responsibility for the audit of the financial statements as described in this auditor’s report, I also:

• identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements whether due to fraud or error,

design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and

appropriate to provide a basis for my opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from

fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions,

misrepresentations, or the override of internal control

• obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are

appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the

entity’s internal control

• evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and

related disclosures made by the accounting authority

• conclude on the appropriateness of the accounting authority’s use of the going concern basis of accounting in the

preparation of the financial statements. I also conclude, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material

uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the south african national

biodiversity Institute’s ability to continue as a going concern. If I conclude that a material uncertainty exists, I am

required to draw attention in my auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements about the

material uncertainty or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify the opinion on the financial statements. My

conclusions are based on the information available to me at the date of this auditor’s report. However, future events

or conditions may cause an entity to cease continuing as a going concern

• evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and

whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair

presentation.

communication with those charged with governance

3. I communicate with the accounting authority regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the

audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that I identify during my

audit.

4. I also confirm to the accounting authority that I have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding

independence, and communicate all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to have a bearing

on my independence and, where applicable, related safeguards.

anneXURe–aUDIToR-GeneRal’s ResPonsIbIlITy foR THe aUDIT


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south african national biodiversity Institutefinancial statements for the year ended 31 March 2019

RePoRT by THe accoUnTInG aUTHoRITy

The accounting authority of sanbI hereby presents its report for the year ended 31 March 2019 to the executive authority

and the Parliament of the Republic of south africa.

services rendered by sanBi

The narrative section of this annual Report gives a more in-depth discussion of key performance indicators and overview

of programme performance. Key projects delivered during the period under review as well as services offered by the

Institute are also discussed in the narrative section of this report laid out on pages 19 to 69.

Corporate governance arrangements

Information pertaining to corporate governance is explained in the corporate Review section of this annual Report on

pages 80 to 88.

Performance information

In line with the requirements of national Treasury, performance targets are set on an annual basis and performance against

these targets is reported to national Treasury through the Department of environment affairs on a quarterly basis after

approval by the board. The Department of environment affairs assessed the quarterly performance reports and gave sanbI

feedback during the year under review.

executive management’s interest in contracts

In the current financial year sanbI did not enter into any material contracts wherein its executive Management had interest.

Preparation and presentation of the annual financial statements

sanbI has adopted the south african statements of Generally Recognised accounting Practices (GRaP).

Financial highlights

The financial position and performance of the operations and programme activities of sanbI are disclosed, with applicable

notes, in the financial statements which form an integral part of this annual report. Material facts and circumstances that

occurred between the accounting date and date of this report have been accordingly accounted for.

During the financial year, the operations of the national Zoological Gardens (nZG) were transferred to the Institute. The

details of these newly transferred operations are as per note 38 to the annual financial statements. furthermore the Institute

entered into a co-management agreement over the Thohoyandou botanical Garden. The effect of the agreement is to give

sanbI effective control and responsibility for key decisions relating to the use and management of the garden. In light of

this plant property and equipment to the value of R405 million were accounted for in sanbI during the financial year.

financial Performance

a surplus of R14.2 mil is reported on the statement of financial performance which is a decline of 81% from the previous

financial year.

Total revenue as disclosed in the statement of financial performance increased by 32% year-on-year from R545 million

to R721 million. of this growth, 74% was attributable to the newly transferred operations of the nZG. The remaining 26%

growth is attributable to concerted efforts to increase revenue generated through utilisation of Institutional resources.

The Institute relies mainly on three sources of income which are government grants, externally sourced funding towards

projects and its own commercial operations. The main commercial operation is the entrance fees generated through the

admission into the gardens.


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The commercial activities generate 22% of the revenue of the Institute.

of these activities, the total expenditure of R707 million has increased by

R225 million (47%) with 59% of the costs towards employee costs. The rate

of increase of the expenditure is acceptable in light of the newly transferred

operations of the nZG.

financial Position

overall, Institute’s financial position is solvent with total assets exceeding

total liabilities by R597 million and liquid with the cash reserves sufficient to

meet the short-term needs as well as obligations arising from project funds

received. The material movements noted during the financial year as follows:

current assets have increased by

R30 million (7.8%) from the previous financial

year mainly due to the cash in bank received

towards externally funded projects. non-current

assets have grown by R39 million (10.5%) from

the previous financial year emanating mainly

from the additional items of property plant

and equipment being acquired. non-current

liabilities have significantly increased by

R10.1 million (20%) from the previous financial

year as a result of the valuation outcome of the

annual post-retirement medical aid liability.

cash flow

for the year, the Institute received a total of R722 million from the government operational grant, project funders, donations

and commercial operations. from this amount and other cash on hand R660m was paid to suppliers and employees. The

net cash inflow resulting from the operational activities is thus R62m.

a further R42 million was paid out to investing activities resulting in net cash inflows of R20 million during the financial

year. The total cash amount of R388 million has been fully committed against the ring-fenced bequest, externally funded

projects and obligations of the Institute as detailed in the annual financial statements.

budget statement

budgeted targets on revenue from exchange transactions, which represents revenue generated through commercial

activities was exceeded by R2.6 million (1.4%). Revenue from non-exchange transactions, representing projects did not

achieve budget target by R22.2 million (3.9%) due to timing differences. overall spending was well within the approved

budget. other variances are detailed on note 28 of the annual financial statements.

restatement of previously reported 2018 results

In addressing the qualification from the previous financial year, various corrections have been made to the 2018 financials.

certain expenditure items were re-classified into their appropriate accounts. furthermore there were some restatements

in non-current assets which led to an overall increase in the total cost of non-current assets recognised by R14 million and

a new non-current assets category namely Infrastructure. The details of these are on notes 36 and 37 of the annual

financial statements.

revenue

financial position


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addressRegistered office: south african national biodiversity Institute

2 cussonia avenue

brummeria

Pretoria

0002

Private bag X101

Pretoria

0001

auditorssanbI as a schedule 3a Public entity, is audited by the auditor-General south africa.


104


figures in rand note(s) 2019 2018restated*

Assets

current assets

cash and cash equivalents 3 388 164 873 367 863 325

Receivables from exchange transactions 4 11 669 203 7 633 553

biological assets 5 2 355 874 1 891 882

Inventories 6 9 378 874 6 100 869

operating lease asset 927 701 865 881

Receivables from non-exchange transactions 7 775 371 2 194 084

413 271 896 386 549 594

non-current assetsProperty, plant and equipment 8 309 103 777 271 364 069

Investment property 9 72 635 533 75 058 247

Heritage assets 10 17 906 324 17 906 324

Intangible assets 11 6 759 643 7 658 225

406 405 277 371 986 865total assets 819 677 173 758 536 459

liabilitiescurrent liabilitiesUnspent conditional grants and receipts 12 74 375 294 65 456 255

Payables from exchange transactions 13 75 789 052 58 204 094

Provisions 14 8 679 277 6 150 771

Transfers payable (non-exchange) 15 2 871 916 21 404 158

161 715 539 151 215 278

non-current liabilitiesemployee benefit obligation 16 54 562 000 45 627 000

Provisions 14 5 722 299 4 547 790

60 284 299 50 174 790total liabilities 221 999 838 201 390 068net assets 597 677 335 557 146 391accumulated surplus 597 677 335 557 146 391

*see note 37

sTaTeMenT of fInancIal PosITIon


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sTaTeMenT of fInancIal PeRfoRMancefigures in rand note(s) 2019 2018

restated*

revenue

revenue from exchange transactionsadmission fees 105 909 254 69 614 434

Rent received 16 402 871 16 380 498

Interest received 26 572 017 20 845 952

other income 17 26 682 489 10 282 258

sales 5 581 685 2 493 099

fair value gain less cost to sell on biological assets 1 416 410 2 533 359

Gain on foreign exchange 442 519 -

Gain on disposal of assets - 264 716

total revenue from exchange transactions 183 007 245 122 414 316

revenue from non-exchange transactionstransfer revenueGovernment operational grant 18 472 651 000 369 228 000

other grants, bequests, sponsorships and donations 19 52 410 947 54 059 294

services in kind 13 607 137 -

total revenue from non-exchange transactions 538 669 084 423 287 294total revenue 721 676 329 545 701 610

expenditureemployee related costs 20 (415 336 580) (290 511 480)

operating expenses 21 (242 922 695) (173 867 272)

Depreciation and amortisation (31 699 280) (25 136 691)

lease rentals on operating lease (13 302 182) (746 946)

loss on disposal of assets (917 518) -

Debt impairment 22 (458 909) (90 807)

Impairment loss (2 788 030) 8 668 698

loss on foreign exchange - (290)

total expenditure (707 425 194) (481 684 788)surplus for the year 14 251 135 64 016 821

*see note 37


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sTaTeMenT of cHanGes In neT asseTsfigures in rand accumulated

surplustotal net

assets

balance at 01 april 2017 493 129 570 493 129 570

changes in net assets

surplus for the year 64 016 821 64 016 821

Total changes 64 016 821 64 016 821

restated* balance at 01 april 2018* 557 146 404 557 146 404

changes in net assets

surplus for the year 14 251 135 14 251 135

Gain on transfer of functions between entities under common control 26 279 796 26 279 796

Total changes 40 530 931 40 530 931

balance at 31 march 2019 597 677 335 597 677 335

*see note 37


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casH floW sTaTeMenTfigures in rand note(s) 2019 2018

restated*

cash flows from operating activitiesreceiptsGovernment grants 472 651 000 369 228 000

other grants, bequests, sponsorships and donations 61 329 986 104 656 891

commercial and other income 188 616 408 114 670 118

722 597 394 588 555 009

Paymentsemployee costs (395 163 317) (268 226 296)

suppliers and other payments (265 003 325) (157 331 936)

(660 166 642) (425 558 232)

net cash flows from operating activities 25 62 430 752 162 996 777

cash flows from investing activitiesPurchase of property, plant and equipment 8 (40 050 559) (82 726 583)

Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 8 2 717 528 492

Purchase of investment property 9 (109 528) (359 559)

Purchase of other intangible assets 11 (3 396 137) (7 425 757)

Purchases of heritage assets 10 - (205 200)

Transfer of functions between entities under common control 38 1 424 303 -

net cash flows from investing activities (42 129 204) (90 188 607)

net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 20 301 548 72 808 170cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 367 863 325 295 055 155

cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 3 388 164 873 367 863 325

*see note 37


108


sTaTeMenT of coMPaRIson of bUDGeT anD acTUal aMoUnTsbudget on cash basis

figures in rand

approved budget

adjustments final budget actual amounts on comparable

basis

difference between final

budget and actual

statement of financial performancerevenuerevenue from exchange transactionssales - - - 5 581 685 5 581 685admission fees 151 636 463 - 151 636 463 105 909 254 (45 727 209)Rent received 18 337 617 - 18 337 617 21 086 517 2 748 900Interest received 14 418 621 - 14 418 621 26 572 017 12 153 396other income - - - 27 847 175 27 847 175Proceeds on disposal of assets - - - 2 718 2 718total revenue from exchange transactions

184 392 701 - 184 392 701 186 999 366 2 606 665

revenue from non- exchange transactions

Government grants 467 651 000 - 467 651 000 472 651 000 5 000 000other grants, bequests, sponsorships and donations

98 108 695 - 98 108 695 57 254 309 (40 854 386)

other transfer revenue 1 - - - 13 607 137 13 607 137total revenue from non- exchange transactions

565 759 695 - 565 759 695 543 512 446 (22 247 249)

total revenue 750 152 396 - 750 152 396 730 511 812 (19 640 584)

expenditureemployee-related costs (412 429 209) - (412 429 209) (395 358 696) 17 070 513lease rentals on operating lease

- - - (859 731) (859 731)

operating expenses (337 723 187) - (337 723 187) (301 811 721) 35 911 466total expenditure (750 152 396) - (750 152 396) (698 030 148) 52 122 248surplus before taxation - - - 32 481 664 32 481 664actual amount on comparable basis as presented in the budget and actual comparative statement

- - - 32 481 664 32 481 664


109


sTaTeMenT of coMPaRIson of bUDGeT anD acTUal aMoUnTsbudget on cash basis

figures in rand

approved budget

adjustments final budget actual amounts on comparable

basis

difference between final

budget and actual

reconciliationbasis differenceDepreciation and amorisation (31 699 280)

loss on sale of assets (917 518)

non cash items (14 448 478)

timing differencecapital expenditure 43 556 225

Unspent project committed funds

(8 919 039)

adjustments for accrual basis accounting entries

7 804 698

actual amount in the statement of financial performance

27 858 272

Reasons for material variances between budget and actuals amounts are detailed in note 28.


110


ACCOUNTING POLICIES1. PresentatIon of fInancIal statements

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the standards of Generally Recognised accounting

Practice (GRaP), issued by the accounting standards board in accordance with section 91(1) of the Public finance

Management act (act 1 of 1999).

These financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis of accounting and are in accordance with historical

cost convention as the basis of measurement, unless specified otherwise. They are presented in south african Rand.

a summary of the significant accounting policies, which have been consistently applied in the preparation of these

financial statements, are disclosed below.

These accounting policies are consistent with the previous period.

1.1 PresentatIon cUrrency

These financial statements are presented in south african Rand, which is the functional currency of the entity.

1.2 GoInG concern assUmPtIon

These financial statements have been prepared based on the expectation that the entity will continue to operate as a

going concern for at least the next 12 months.

1.3 sIGnIfIcant jUdGements and soUrces of estImatIon UncertaInty

In preparing the financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the

amounts represented in the financial statements and related disclosures. Use of available information and the application

of judgement is inherent in the formation of estimates. actual results in the future could differ from these estimates, which

may be material to the financial statements. significant judgements include:

trade receIvables

The entity assesses its trade receivables for impairment at the end of each reporting period. In determining whether an

impairment loss should be recorded in surplus or deficit, the surplus makes judgements as to whether there is observable

data indicating a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows from a financial asset.

ProvIsIons

Provisions were raised and management determined an estimate based on the information available. additional disclosure

of these estimates of provisions are included in note 14–Provisions.

Post retIrement benefIts

The present value of the post retirement obligation depends on a number of factors that are determined on an actuarial basis using a number of assumptions. The assumptions used in determining the net cost (income) include the discount rate. any changes in these assumptions will impact on the carrying amount of post retirement obligations.

The cost of defined benefit pension plans and other post employment medical benefits as well as the present value of the pension obligation is determined using actuarial valuations. The actuarial valuation involves making assumptions about discount rates, expected rates of return of assets, future salary increases, mortality rates and future pension increases. all assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date. In determining the appropriate discount rate management considers the interest rates of corporate bonds in the respective country with an aaa or aa rating. The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables for the specific country. future salary increases and pension increases are based on expected future inflation rates for the specific country.

other key assumptions for pension obligations are based on current market conditions. additional information is disclosed in note 16.


111


ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.3 sIGnIfIcant jUdGements and soUrces of estImatIon UncertaInty (contInUed)

effectIve Interest rate

The entity used the prime interest rate to discount future cash flows.

on debtors an impairment loss is recognised in surplus and deficit when there is objective evidence that it is impaired. The

impairment is measured as the difference between the debtors carrying amount and the present value of estimated future

cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate, computed at initial recognition.

1.4 bIoloGIcal assets that form Part of an aGrIcUltUral actIvIty

The entity recognises a biological assets that form part of an agricultural activity or agricultural produce when, and only

when:

• the entity controls the asset as a result of past events;

• it is probable that future economic benefits or service potential associated with the asset will flow to the entity; and

• the fair value or cost of the asset can be measured reliably.

biological assets that form part of an agricultural activity are measured at their fair value less costs to sell.

a gain or loss arising on initial recognition of biological assets that form part of an agricultural activity or agricultural

produce at fair value less costs to sell and from a change in fair value less costs to sell of a biological assets that form part

of an agricultural activity is included in surplus or deficit for the period in which it arises.

Where market determined prices or values are not available, the present value of the expected net cash inflows from the

asset, discounted at a current market-determined pre-tax rate where applicable is used to determine fair value.

ZooloGIcal anImals

Zoological animals have not been included as an asset in the statement of financial Position. The reason is that the essential

recognition criteria of measurement for recognising assets cannot be met for the majority of the animals. The majority of

zoological animals are received as donations, transfers from other zoos or from births. as a result, they do not have a cost.

It is considered impracticable to assign a fair value to the animals due to a variety of reasons. These reasons include, among

other things, considerations such as the lack of a market for the majority of the animals, because they are not commodities,

as well as restrictions on the trade of exotic animals, which precludes the determination of a fair value.

The animals for which it may be possible to determine an arbitrary value approximates 8% of the total animal collection. It

is the view of the sanbI that it is unethical and not in the best interest of the national Zoological Gardens (nZG) to attach

values to these animals. In addition, the nZG is not in the business of trading with these animals.

Therefore, on the basis that many species cannot be valued and any attempt to attach values to any species may be

unethical, it was considered that any assessment of value would be misleading to the users of the financial statements.

1.5 Investment ProPerty

Investment property is property (land or a building, or part of a building, or both) held to earn rentals or for capital

appreciation or both, rather than for:

• use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for

• administrative purposes, or for

• sale in the ordinary course of operations.

Investment property is recognised as an asset when it is probable that the future economic benefits or service potential

that are associated with the investment property will flow to the entity, and the cost or fair value of the investment

property can be measured reliably.


112


ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.5 Investment ProPerty (contInUed)

cost model

Investment property is initially recognised at cost. Transaction costs are included in the initial measurement.

Where investment property is acquired through a non-exchange transaction, its cost is its fair value as at the date

of acquisition.

costs include costs incurred initially and costs incurred subsequently to add to, or to replace a part of, or service a

property. If a replacement part is recognised in the carrying amount of the investment property, the carrying amount of

the replaced part is derecognised.

Investment property is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Depreciation is provided to write down the cost, less estimated residual value by equal installments over the useful life of

the property, which is as follows:

Item Useful life

Property – buildings 40–50 years

Investment property is derecognised on disposal or when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use

and no future economic benefits or service potential are expected from its disposal.

Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment property is the difference between the net disposal

proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in surplus or deficit in the period of retirement or disposal.

compensation from third parties for investment property that was impaired, lost or given up is recognised in surplus or

deficit when the compensation becomes receivable.

The entity separately discloses expenditure to repair and maintain investment property in the notes to the financial

statements (see note 23).

The entity discloses relevant information relating to assets under construction or development, in the notes to the financial


1.6 ProPerty, Plant and eQUIPment

Property, plant and equipment are tangible non-current assets (including infrastructure assets) that are held for use in the

production or supply of goods or services, rental to others, or for administrative purposes, and are expected to be used

during more than one period.

The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised as an asset when:

• it is probable that future economic benefits or service potential associated with the item will flow to the entity; and

• the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Property, plant and equipment is initially measured at cost.

The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment is the purchase price and other costs attributable to bring the asset

to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. Trade

discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the cost.

Where an asset is acquired through a non-exchange transaction, its cost is its fair value as at date of acquisition.

Where an item of property, plant and equipment is acquired in exchange for a non-monetary asset or monetary assets, or

a combination of monetary and non-monetary assets, the asset acquired is initially measured at fair value (the cost). If the

acquired item’s fair value was not determinable, it’s deemed cost is the carrying amount of the asset(s) given up.


113


ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.6 ProPerty, Plant and eQUIPment (contInUed)

The initial estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located is also

included in the cost of property, plant and equipment, where the entity is obligated to incur such expenditure, and where

the obligation arises as a result of acquiring the asset or using it for purposes other than the production of inventories.

Recognition of costs in the carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment ceases when the item is in the

location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses.

Property, plant and equipment are depreciated on the straight line basis over their expected useful lives to their estimated

residual value.

The useful lives of items of property, plant and equipment have been assessed as follows:

Item depreciation method average useful lifebuildings

Motor vehicles

operational equipment

straight line

straight line

straight line

40–50 years

5–10 years

3–10 years

The depreciable amount of an asset is allocated on a systematic basis over its useful life.

The depreciation method used reflects the pattern in which the asset’s future economic benefits or service potential are

expected to be consumed by the entity. The depreciation method applied to an asset is reviewed at least at each reporting

date and, if there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits

or service potential embodied in the asset, the method is changed to reflect the changed pattern. such a change is

accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate.

The entity assesses at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the entity expectations about the residual

value and the useful life of an asset have changed since the preceding reporting date. If any such indication exists, the

entity revises the expected useful life and/or residual value accordingly. The change is accounted for as a change in an

accounting estimate.

The depreciation charge for each period is recognised in surplus or deficit unless it is included in the carrying amount of

another asset.

Items of property, plant and equipment are derecognised when the asset is disposed of or when there are no further

economic benefits or service potential expected from the use of the asset.

The gain or loss arising from the derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is included in surplus or

deficit when the item is derecognised. The gain or loss arising from the derecognition of an item of property, plant and

equipment is determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds, if any, and the carrying amount of the item.

assets which the entity holds for rentals to others and subsequently routinely sell as part of the ordinary course of activities,

are transferred to inventories when the rentals end and the assets are available-for-sale. Proceeds from sales of these assets

are recognised as revenue. all cash flows on these assets are included in cash flows from operating activities in the cash

flow statement.

The entity separately discloses expenditure to repair and maintain property, plant and equipment in the notes to the

financial statements (see note 23).

The entity discloses relevant information relating to assets under construction or development, in the notes to the financial



114


ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.7 IntanGIble assets

an asset is identifiable if it either:

• is separable, i.e. is capable of being separated or divided from an entity and sold, transferred, licensed, rented or

exchanged, either individually or together with a related contract, identifiable assets or liability, regardless of whether

the entity intends to do so; or

• arises from binding arrangements (including rights from contracts), regardless of whether those rights are transferable

or separable from the entity or from other rights and obligations.

a binding arrangement describes an arrangement that confers similar rights and obligations on the parties to it as if it were

in the form of a contract.

an intangible asset is recognised when:

• it is probable that the expected future economic benefits or service potential that are attributable to the asset will flow

to the entity; and

• the cost or fair value of the asset can be measured reliably.

The entity assesses the probability of expected future economic benefits or service potential using reasonable and

supportable assumptions that represent management’s best estimate of the set of economic conditions that will exist

over the useful life of the asset.

Where an intangible asset is acquired through a non-exchange transaction, its initial cost at the date of acquisition is

measured at its fair value as at that date.

expenditure on research (or on the research phase of an internal project) is recognised as an expense when it is incurred.

Intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any impairment losses.

The amortisation period and the amortisation method for intangible assets are reviewed at each reporting date. Internally

generated goodwill is not recognised as an intangible asset.

amortisation is provided to write down the intangible assets, on a straight line basis, to their residual values as follows:

Item depreciation method average useful lifecomputer software straight line 3–8 years

1.8 herItaGe assets

assets are resources controlled by an entity as a result of past events and from which future economic benefits or service

potential are expected to flow to the entity.

carrying amount is the amount at which an asset is recognised after deducting accumulated impairment losses.

class of heritage assets means a grouping of heritage assets of a similar nature or function in an entity’s operations that is

shown as a single item for the purpose of disclosure in the financial statements.

cost is the amount of cash or cash equivalents paid or the fair value of the other consideration given to acquire an asset at

the time of its acquisition or construction or, where applicable, the amount attributed to that asset when initially recognised

in accordance with the specific requirements of other standards of GRaP.

Heritage assets are assets that have a cultural, environmental, historical, natural, scientific, technological or artistic

significance and are held indefinitely for the benefit of present and future generations.


115


ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.8 herItaGe assets (contInUed)

recoGnItIon

The entity recognises a heritage asset as an asset if it is probable that future economic benefits or service potential

associated with the asset will flow to the entity, and the cost or fair value of the asset can be measured reliably.

InItIal measUrement

Heritage assets are measured at cost.

Where a heritage asset is acquired through a non-exchange transaction, its cost is measured at its fair value as at the date

of acquisition.

sUbseQUent measUrement

after recognition as an asset, a class of heritage assets is carried at its cost less any accumulated impairment losses.

ImPaIrment

The entity assess at each reporting date whether there is an indication that it may be impaired. If any such indication exists,

the entity estimates the recoverable amount or the recoverable service amount of the heritage asset.

transfers

Transfers from heritage assets are only made when the particular asset no longer meets the definition of a heritage asset.

Transfers to heritage assets are only made when the asset meets the definition of a heritage asset.

The entity derecognises heritage asset on disposal, or when no future economic benefits or service potential are expected

from its use or disposal.

The gain or loss arising from the derecognition of a heritage asset is included in surplus or deficit when the item is

derecognised (unless the standard of GRaP on leases requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback).

1.9 fInancIal InstrUments

a financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or a residual

interest of another entity.

credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other party by failing to

discharge an obligation.

currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes

in foreign exchange rates.

Derecognition is the removal of a previously recognised financial asset or financial liability from an entity’s statement of

financial position.

fair value is the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable willing

parties in an arm’s length transaction.

a financial asset is:

• cash;

• a residual interest of another entity; or

• a contractual right to:

- receive cash or another financial asset from another entity; or

- exchange financial assets or financial liabilities with another entity under conditions that are potentially favourable

to the entity.


116


ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.9 fInancIal InstrUments (contInUed)

a financial liability is any liability that is a contractual obligation to:

• deliver cash or another financial asset to another entity; or

• exchange financial assets or financial liabilities under conditions that are potentially unfavourable to the entity.

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes

in market interest rates.

liquidity risk is the risk encountered by an entity in the event of difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial

liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset.

Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in

market prices. Market risk comprises three types of risk: currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risk.

other price risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes

in market prices (other than those arising from interest rate risk or currency risk), whether those changes are caused by

factors specific to the individual financial instrument or its issuer, or factors affecting all similar financial instruments traded

in the market.

a financial asset is past due when a counterparty has failed to make a payment when contractually due.

a residual interest is any contract that manifests an interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. a

residual interest includes contributions from owners, which may be shown as:

• equity instruments or similar forms of unitised capital;

• a formal designation of a transfer of resources (or a class of such transfers) by the parties to the transaction as forming

part of an entity’s net assets, either before the contribution occurs or at the time of the contribution; or

• a formal agreement, in relation to the contribution, establishing or increasing an existing financial interest in the net

assets of an entity.

Transaction costs are incremental costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, issue or disposal of a financial asset

or financial liability. an incremental cost is one that would not have been incurred if the entity had not acquired, issued or

disposed of the financial instrument.

financial instruments at cost are investments in residual interests that do not have a quoted market price in an active

market, and which fair value cannot be reliably measured.

InItIal recoGnItIon

The entity recognises a financial asset or a financial liability in its statement of financial position when the entity becomes

a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

The entity recognises financial assets using trade date accounting.

InItIal measUrement of fInancIal assets and fInancIal lIabIlItIes

The entity measures a financial asset and financial liability initially at its fair value plus transaction costs that are directly

attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial asset or financial liability.

sUbseQUent measUrement of fInancIal assets and fInancIal lIabIlItIes

The entity measures all financial assets and financial liabilities after initial recognition using the following categories:

• financial instruments at amortised cost.


117


ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.9 fInancIal InstrUments (contInUed)

all financial assets measured at amortised cost, or cost, are subject to an impairment review.

reclassIfIcatIon

The entity does not reclassify a financial instrument while it is issued or held unless it is:

• a combined instrument that is required to be measured at fair value; or

• an investment in a residual interest that meets the requirements for reclassification.

If a reliable measure becomes available for an investment in a residual interest for which a measure was previously not

available, and the instrument would have been required to be measured at fair value, the entity reclassifies the instrument

from cost to fair value.

GaIns and losses

a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of a financial asset or financial liability measured at fair value is

recognised in surplus or deficit.

for financial assets and financial liabilities measured at amortised cost or cost, a gain or loss is recognised in surplus or

deficit when the financial asset or financial liability is derecognised or impaired, or through the amortisation process.

fInancIal assets

The entity derecognises a financial asset only when:

• the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, are settled or waived;

• the entity transfers to another party substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset; or

• the entity, despite having retained some significant risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, has transferred

control of the asset to another party and the other party has the practical ability to sell the asset in its entirety to

an unrelated third party, and is able to exercise that ability unilaterally and without needing to impose additional

restrictions on the transfer. In this case, the entity :

- derecognise the asset; and

- recognise separately any rights and obligations created or retained in the transfer.

fInancIal lIabIlItIes

The entity removes a financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) from its statement of financial position when it is

extinguished — i.e. when the obligation specified in the contract expires, more is discharged, cancelled, expires or waived.

PresentatIon

Interest relating to a financial instrument or a component that is a financial liability is recognised as revenue or expense in

surplus or deficit.

losses and gains relating to a financial instrument or a component that is a financial liability are recognised as revenue or

expense in surplus or deficit.

a financial asset and a financial liability are only offset and the net amount presented in the statement of financial position

when the entity currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and intends either to settle on

a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

In accounting for a transfer of a financial asset that does not qualify for derecognition, the entity does not offset the

transferred asset and the associated liability.


118


ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.10 taxatIon

tax exPenses

no provision has been made for taxation as sanbI is exempt from income tax in terms of section 10 of the Income Tax

act, 1962 ( act no. 58 of 1962).

1.11 leases

a lease is classified as a finance lease if it transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership. a lease is

classified as an operating lease if it does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership.

When a lease includes both land and buildings elements, the entity assesses the classification of each element separately.

operating leases–lessor

operating lease revenue is recognised as revenue on a monthly basis as the higher of the minimum contractually agreed

amount or as a per centage of the lessee’s turnover.

Income for leases is disclosed under revenue in statement of financial performance.

operating leases–lessee

operating lease payments are recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The difference between

the amounts recognised as an expense and the contractual payments is recognised as an operating lease asset or liability.

1.12 InventorIes

Inventories are initially measured at cost except where inventories are acquired through a non-exchange transaction, then

their costs are their fair value as at the date of acquisition.

subsequently inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value.

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and current replacement cost where they are held for:

• distribution at no charge or for a nominal charge; or

• consumption in the production process of goods to be distributed at no charge or for a nominal charge.

net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of operations less the estimated costs of completion

and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale, exchange or distribution.

current replacement cost is the cost the entity incurs to acquire the asset on the reporting date.

The cost of inventories comprises of all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the

inventories to their present location and condition.

The cost of inventories of items that are not ordinarily interchangeable and goods or services produced and segregated for

specific projects is assigned using specific identification of the individual costs.

The cost of inventories is assigned using the first-in, first-out (fIfo) basis, except for one business unit where the weighted

average cost basis is used. The same cost formula is used for all inventories having a similar nature and use to the entity.

When inventories are sold, the carrying amounts of those inventories are recognised as an expense in the period in

which the related revenue is recognised. If there is no related revenue, the expenses are recognised when the goods are

distributed, or related services are rendered. The amount of any write-down of inventories to net realisable value or current

replacement cost and all losses of inventories are recognised as an expense in the period the write-down or loss occurs.

The amount of any reversal of any write-down of inventories, arising from an increase in net realisable value or current

replacement cost, are recognised as a reduction in the amount of inventories recognised as an expense in the period in

which the reversal occurs.


119


ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.13 ImPaIrment of cash-GeneratInG assets

cash-generating assets are assets used with the objective of generating a commercial return. commercial return means

that positive cash flows are expected to be significantly higher than the cost of the asset.

Impairment is a loss in the future economic benefits or service potential of an asset, over and above the systematic

recognition of the loss of the asset’s future economic benefits or service potential through depreciation (amortisation).

carrying amount is the amount at which an asset is recognised in the statement of financial position after deducting any

accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses thereon.

a cash-generating unit is the smallest identifiable group of assets used with the objective of generating a commercial

return that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets

or groups of assets.

costs of disposal are incremental costs directly attributable to the disposal of an asset, excluding finance costs and income

tax expense.

Depreciation (amortisation) is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life.

fair value less costs to sell is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset in an arm’s length transaction between

knowledgeable, willing parties, less the costs of disposal.

Recoverable amount of an asset or a cash-generating unit is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use.

Useful life is either:

• the period of time over which an asset is expected to be used by the entity; or

• the number of production or similar units expected to be obtained from the asset by the entity.

IdentIfIcatIon

When the carrying amount of a cash-generating asset exceeds its recoverable amount, it is impaired.

The entity assesses at each reporting date whether there is any indication that a cash-generating asset may be impaired. If

any such indication exists, the entity estimates the recoverable amount of the asset.

valUe In Use

When estimating the value in use of an asset, the entity estimates the future cash inflows and outflows to be derived from

continuing use of the asset and from its ultimate disposal and the entity applies the appropriate discount rate to those

future cash flows.

basIs for estImates of fUtUre cash floWs

In measuring value in use the entity:

• base cash flow projections on reasonable and supportable assumptions that represent management’s best estimate

of the range of economic conditions that will exist over the remaining useful life of the asset. Greater weight is given

to external evidence.

recoGnItIon and measUrement (IndIvIdUal asset)

If the recoverable amount of a cash-generating asset is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset is

reduced to its recoverable amount. This reduction is an impairment loss.

an impairment loss is recognised immediately in surplus or deficit.

any impairment loss of a revalued cash-generating asset is treated as a revaluation decrease.


120


ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.13 ImPaIrment of cash-GeneratInG assets (contInUed)

cash-GeneratInG UnIts

cash-generating units are identified consistently from period to period for the same asset or types of assets, unless a

change is justified.

The carrying amount of a cash-generating unit is determined on a basis consistent with the way the recoverable amount

of the cash-generating unit is determined.

an impairment loss is recognised for a cash-generating unit if the recoverable amount of the unit is less than the carrying

amount of the unit. The impairment is allocated to reduce the carrying amount of the cash-generating assets of the unit on

a pro rata basis, based on the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. These reductions in carrying amounts are treated

as impairment losses on individual assets.

In allocating an impairment loss, the entity does not reduce the carrying amount of an asset below the highest of:

• its fair value less costs to sell (if determinable);

• its value in use (if determinable); and

• zero.

The amount of the impairment loss that would otherwise have been allocated to the asset is allocated pro rata to the other

cash-generating assets of the unit.

Where a non-cash-generating asset contributes to a cash-generating unit, a proportion of the carrying amount of that

noncash-generating asset is allocated to the carrying amount of the cash-generating unit prior to estimation of the

recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit.

reversal of ImPaIrment loss

The entity assess at each reporting date whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognised in prior periods

for a cash-generating asset may no longer exist or may have decreased. If any such indication exists, the entity estimates

the recoverable amount of that asset.

a reversal of an impairment loss for a cash-generating asset is recognised immediately in surplus or deficit.

redesIGnatIon

The redesignation of assets from a cash-generating asset to a non-cash-generating asset or from a non-cash-generating

asset to a cash-generating asset only occur when there is clear evidence that such a redesignation is appropriate.

1.14 ImPaIrment of non-cash-GeneratInG assets

cash-generating assets are assets used with the objective of generating a commercial return. commercial return means

that positive cash flows are expected to be significantly higher than the cost of the asset.

non-cash-generating assets are assets other than cash-generating assets.

Impairment is a loss in the future economic benefits or service potential of an asset, over and above the systematic

recognition of the loss of the asset’s future economic benefits or service potential through depreciation (amortisation).

carrying amount is the amount at which an asset is recognised in the statement of financial position after deducting any

accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses thereon.

a cash-generating unit is the smallest identifiable group of assets managed with the objective of generating a commercial

return that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets

or groups of assets.


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ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.14 ImPaIrment of non-cash-GeneratInG assets (contInUed)

costs of disposal are incremental costs directly attributable to the disposal of an asset, excluding finance costs and income

tax expense.

Depreciation (amortisation) is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life.

fair value less costs to sell is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset in an arm’s length transaction between

knowledgeable, willing parties, less the costs of disposal.

Recoverable service amount is the higher of a non-cash-generating asset’s fair value less costs to sell and its value in use.

Useful life is either:

• the period of time over which an asset is expected to be used by the entity; or

• the number of production or similar units expected to be obtained from the asset by the entity.

IdentIfIcatIon

When the carrying amount of a non-cash-generating asset exceeds its recoverable service amount, it is impaired.

The entity assesses at each reporting date whether there is any indication that a non-cash-generating asset may be

impaired. If any such indication exists, the entity estimates the recoverable service amount of the asset.

valUe In Use

value in use of non-cash-generating assets is the present value of the non-cash-generating assets, remaining service

potential.

dePrecIated rePlacement cost aPProach

The present value of the remaining service potential of a non-cash-generating asset is determined as the depreciated

replacement cost of the asset. The replacement cost of an asset is the cost to replace the asset’s gross service potential.

This cost is depreciated to reflect the asset in its used condition. an asset may be replaced either through reproduction

(replication) of the existing asset or through replacement of its gross service potential. The depreciated replacement cost is

measured as the current reproduction or replacement cost of the asset, whichever is lower, less accumulated depreciation

calculated on the basis of such cost, to reflect the already consumed or expired service potential of the asset.

The replacement cost and reproduction cost of an asset is determined on an optimised basis. The rationale is that the

entity would not replace or reproduce the asset with a like asset if the asset to be replaced or reproduced is an overdesigned

or overcapacity asset. overdesigned assets contain features that are unnecessary for the goods or services the asset

provides. overcapacity assets are assets that have a greater capacity than is necessary to meet the demand for goods or

services the asset provides. The determination of the replacement cost or reproduction cost of an asset on an optimised

basis thus reflects the service potential required of the asset.

recoGnItIon and measUrement

If the recoverable service amount of a non-cash-generating asset is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of

the asset is reduced to its recoverable service amount. This reduction is an impairment loss.

an impairment loss is recognised immediately in surplus or deficit.

reversal of an ImPaIrment loss

The entity assess at each reporting date whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognised in prior

periods for a non-cash-generating asset may no longer exist or may have decreased. If any such indication exists, the entity

estimates the recoverable service amount of that asset.

a reversal of an impairment loss for a non-cash-generating asset is recognised immediately in surplus or deficit.


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ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.14 ImPaIrment of non-cash-GeneratInG assets (contInUed)

redesIGnatIon

The redesignation of assets from a cash-generating asset to a non-cash-generating asset or from a non-cash-generating

asset to a cash-generating asset only occurs when there is clear evidence that such a redesignation is appropriate.

1.15 emPloyee benefIts

employee benefits are all forms of consideration given by an entity in exchange for service rendered by employees.

a qualifying insurance policy is an insurance policy issued by an insurer that is not a related party (as defined in the

standard of GRaP on Related Party Disclosures) of the reporting entity, if the proceeds of the policy can be used only to

pay or fund employee benefits under a defined benefit plan and are not available to the reporting entity’s own creditors

(even in liquidation) and cannot be paid to the reporting entity, unless either:

• the proceeds represent surplus assets that are not needed for the policy to meet all the related employee benefit

obligations; or

• the proceeds are returned to the reporting entity to reimburse it for employee benefits already paid.

Termination benefits are employee benefits payable as a result of either:

• an entity’s decision to terminate an employee’s employment before the normal retirement date; or

• an employee’s decision to accept voluntary redundancy in exchange for those benefits.

other long-term employee benefits are employee benefits (other than post-employment benefits and termination

benefits) that are not due to be settled within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render

the related service.

short-term emPloyee benefIts

short-term employee benefits are employee benefits (other than termination benefits) that are due to be settled within

twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service.

short-term employee benefits include items such as:

• wages, salaries and social security contributions;

• short-term compensated absences (such as paid annual leave and paid sick leave) where the compensation for the

absences is due to be settled within twelve months after the end of the reporting period in which the employees

render the related employee service;

• bonus, incentive and performance related payments payable within twelve months after the end of the reporting

period in which the employees render the related service; and

• non-monetary benefits (for example, medical care, and free or subsidised goods or services such as housing, cars and

cellphones) for current employees.

When an employee has rendered service to the entity during a reporting period, the entity recognise the undiscounted

amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service:

• as a liability (accrued expense), after deducting any amount already paid. If the amount already paid exceeds the

undiscounted amount of the benefits, the entity recognise that excess as an asset (prepaid expense) to the extent that

the prepayment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payments or a cash refund; and

• as an expense, unless another standard requires or permits the inclusion of the benefits in the cost of an asset.


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ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.15 emPloyee benefIts (contInUed)

The expected cost of compensated absences is recognised as an expense as the employees render services that increase

their entitlement or, in the case of non-accumulating absences, when the absence occurs. The entity measure the expected

cost of accumulating compensated absences as the additional amount that the entity expects to pay as a result of the

unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

The entity recognise the expected cost of bonus, incentive and performance related payments when the entity has a

present legal or constructive obligation to make such payments as a result of past events and a reliable estimate of the

obligation can be made. a present obligation exists when the entity has no realistic alternative but to make the payments.

Post-emPloyment benefIts

Post-employment benefits are employee benefits (other than termination benefits), which are payable after the completion

of employment.

Post-emPloyment benefIts: defIned contrIbUtIon Plans

Defined contribution plans are post-employment benefit plans under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a

separate entity (a fund) and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further contributions if the fund does not

hold sufficient assets to pay all employee benefits relating to employee service in the current and prior periods.

When an employee has rendered service to the entity during a reporting period, the entity recognise the contribution

payable to a defined contribution plan in exchange for that service:

• as a liability (accrued expense), after deducting any contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds

the contribution due for service before the reporting date, an entity recognise that excess as an asset (prepaid expense)

to the extent that the prepayment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payments or a cash refund; and

• as an expense, unless another standard requires or permits the inclusion of the contribution in the cost of an asset.

Where contributions to a defined contribution plan do not fall due wholly within twelve months after the end of the

reporting period in which the employees render the related service, they are discounted. The rate used to discount reflects

the time value of money. The currency and term of the financial instrument selected to reflect the time value of money is

consistent with the currency and estimated term of the obligation.

Post-emPloyment benefIts: defIned benefIt Plans

Defined benefit plans are post-employment benefit plans other than defined contribution plans.

actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments (the effects of differences between the previous actuarial

assumptions and what has actually occurred) and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions. In measuring its defined

benefit liability the entity recognise actuarial gains and losses in surplus or deficit in the reporting period in which they

occur.

actUarIal assUmPtIons

actuarial assumptions are unbiased and mutually compatible.

financial assumptions are based on market expectations, at the reporting date, for the period over which the obligations

are to be settled.

The rate used to discount post-employment benefit obligations (both funded and unfunded) reflect the time value of

money. The currency and term of the financial instrument selected to reflect the time value of money is consistent with

the currency and estimated term of the post-employment benefit obligations.


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ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.15 emPloyee benefIts (contInUed)

Post-employment benefit obligations are measured on a basis that reflects:

• estimated future salary increases;

• the benefits set out in the terms of the plan (or resulting from any constructive obligation that goes beyond those

terms) at the reporting date; and

• estimated future changes in the level of any state benefits that affect the benefits payable under a defined benefit plan,

if, and only if, either:

• those changes were enacted before the reporting date; or

• past history, or other reliable evidence, indicates that those state benefits will change in some predictable manner, for

example, in line with future changes in general price levels or general salary levels.

assumptions about medical costs take account of estimated future changes in the cost of medical services, resulting from

both inflation and specific changes in medical costs.

1.16 ProvIsIons and contInGencIes

Provisions are recognised when:

• the entity has a present obligation as a result of a past event;

• it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits or service potential will be required to settle

the obligation; and

• a reliable estimate can be made of the obligation.

The amount of a provision is the best estimate of the expenditure expected to be required to settle the present obligation

at the reporting date.

Where some or all of the expenditure required to settle a provision is expected to be reimbursed by another party, the

reimbursement is recognised when, and only when, it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received if the entity

settles the obligation. The reimbursement is treated as a separate asset. The amount recognised for the reimbursement

does not exceed the amount of the provision.

Provisions are not recognised for future operating surplus (deficit).

contingent assets and contingent liabilities are not recognised. contingencies are disclosed in note 27.

1.17 revenUe from exchanGe transactIons

Revenue is the gross inflow of economic benefits or service potential during the reporting period when those inflows

result in an increase in net assets, other than increases relating to contributions from owners.

measUrement

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable.

sale of Goods

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when all the following conditions have been satisfied:

• the entity has transferred to the purchaser the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;

• the entity retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor

effective control over the goods sold;


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ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.17 revenUe from exchanGe transactIons (contInUed)

• the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;

• it is probable that the economic benefits or service potential associated with the transaction will flow to the entity; and

• the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

renderInG of servIces

When the outcome of a transaction involving the rendering of services can be estimated reliably, revenue associated with

the transaction is recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the transaction at the reporting date. The outcome

of a transaction can be estimated reliably when all the following conditions are satisfied:

• the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;

• it is probable that the economic benefits or service potential associated with the transaction will flow to the entity;

• the stage of completion of the transaction at the reporting date can be measured reliably; and

• the costs incurred for the transaction and the costs to complete the transaction can be measured reliably.

When the outcome of the transaction involving the rendering of services cannot be estimated reliably, revenue is

recognised only to the extent of the expenses recognised that are recoverable.

service revenue is recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the transaction at the reporting date. stage of

completion is determined by services performed to date as a per centage of total services to be performed.

Interest, royaltIes and dIvIdends

Revenue arising from the use by others of entity assets yielding interest, royalties and dividends or similar distributions is

recognised when:

• it is probable that the economic benefits or service potential associated with the transaction will flow to the entity; and

• the amount of the revenue can be measured reliably.

Interest is recognised, in surplus or deficit, using the effective interest rate method.

Royalties are recognised as they are earned in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreements.

Dividends or similar distributions are recognised, in surplus or deficit, when the entity’s right to receive payment has been

established.

service fees included in the price of the product are recognised as revenue over the period during which the service is

performed.

1.18 revenUe from non-exchanGe transactIons

non-exchange transactions are transactions that are not exchange transactions. In a non-exchange transaction, an entity

either receives value from another entity without directly giving approximately equal value in exchange, or gives value to

another entity without directly receiving approximately equal value in exchange.

Transfers are inflows of future economic benefits or service potential from non-exchange transactions, other than taxes.

recoGnItIon

an inflow of resources from a non-exchange transaction recognised as an asset is recognised as revenue, except to the

extent that a liability is also recognised in respect of the same inflow.


126


ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.18 revenUe from non-exchanGe transactIons (contInUed)

measUrement

Revenue from a non-exchange transaction is measured at the amount of the increase in net assets recognised by the

entity.

GIfts, beQUests and donatIons, InclUdInG Goods and servIces In-kInd

Gifts and donations, including goods in-kind, are recognised as assets and revenue when it is probable that the future

economic benefits or service potential will flow to the entity and the fair value of the assets can be measured reliably.

1.19 cost of sales

When inventories are sold, the carrying amount of those inventories is recognised as an expense in the period in which the

related revenue is recognised. The amount of any write-down of inventories to net realisable value and all surplus (deficit)

of inventories are recognised as an expense in the period the write-down or loss occurs. The amount of any reversal of any

write- down of inventories, arising from an increase in net realisable value, is recognised as a reduction in the amount of

inventories recognised as an expense in the period in which the reversal occurs.

1.20 Investment Income

Investment income is recognised on a time-proportion basis using the effective interest method.

1.21 translatIon of foreIGn cUrrencIes

foreIGn cUrrency transactIons

a foreign currency transaction is recorded, on initial recognition in Rands, by applying to the foreign currency amount the

spot exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

at each reporting date:

• foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate;

• non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange

rate at the date of the transaction; and

• non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the

date when the fair value was determined.

exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different

from those at which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous financial statements are

recognised in surplus or deficit in the period in which they arise.

cash flows arising from transactions in a foreign currency are recorded in Rands by applying to the foreign currency amount

the exchange rate between the Rand and the foreign currency at the date of the cash flow.

1.22 frUItless and WastefUl exPendItUre

fruitless expenditure means expenditure which was made in vain and would have been avoided had reasonable care been

exercised.

all expenditure relating to fruitless and wasteful expenditure is recognised as an expense in the statement of financial

performance in the year that the expenditure was incurred. The expenditure is classified in accordance with the nature of

the expense, and where recovered, it is subsequently accounted for as revenue in the statement of financial performance.


127


ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.23 IrreGUlar exPendItUre

Irregular expenditure as defined in section 1 of the PfMa is expenditure other than unauthorised expenditure, incurred in

contravention of or that is not in accordance with a requirement of any applicable legislation, including -

(a) this PfMa; or

(b) the state Tender board act, 1968 (act no. 86 of 1968), or any regulations made in terms of the act; or

(c) any provincial legislation providing for procurement procedures in that provincial government.

national Treasury practice note no. 4 of 2008/2009, which was issued in terms of sections 76(1) to 76(4) of the PfMa

requires the following (effective from 1 april 2008):

Irregular expenditure that was incurred and identified during the current financial and which was condoned before year

end and/or before finalisation of the financial statements must also be recorded appropriately in the irregular expenditure

register. In such an instance, no further action is also required with the exception of updating the note to the financial

statements.

Irregular expenditure that was incurred and identified during the current financial year and for which condonement is

being awaited at year end must be recorded in the irregular expenditure register. no further action is required with the

exception of updating the note to the financial statements.

Where irregular expenditure was incurred in the previous financial year and is only condoned in the following financial

year, the register and the disclosure note to the financial statements must be updated with the amount condoned.

Irregular expenditure that was incurred and identified during the current financial year and which was not condoned

by the national Treasury or the relevant authority must be recorded appropriately in the irregular expenditure register.

If liability for the irregular expenditure can be attributed to a person, a debt account must be created if such a person is

liable in law. Immediate steps must thereafter be taken to recover the amount from the person concerned. If recovery is

not possible, the accounting officer or accounting authority may write off the amount as debt impairment and disclose

such in the relevant note to the financial statements. The irregular expenditure register must also be updated accordingly.

If the irregular expenditure has not been condoned and no person is liable in law, the expenditure related thereto must

remain against the relevant programme/expenditure item, be disclosed as such in the note to the financial statements and

updated accordingly in the irregular expenditure register.

1.24 seGment InformatIon

a segment is an activity of an entity:

• that generates economic benefits or service potential (including economic benefits or service potential relating to

transactions between activities of the same entity);

• whose results are regularly reviewed by management to make decisions about resources to be allocated to that activity

and in assessing its performance; and

• for which separate financial information is available.

Reportable segments are the actual segments, which are reported on in the segment report. They are the segments

identified above or alternatively an aggregation of two or more of those segments where the aggregation criteria are met.


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ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.24 seGment InformatIon (contInUed)

measUrement

The amount of each segment item reported is the measure reported to management for the purposes of making decisions

about allocating resources to the segment and assessing its performance. adjustments and eliminations made in preparing

the entity’s financial statements and allocations of revenues and expenses are included in determining reported segment

surplus or deficit only if they are included in the measure of the segment’s surplus or deficit that is used by management.

similarly, only those assets and liabilities that are included in the measures of the segment’s assets and segment’s liabilities

that are used by management are reported for that segment. If amounts are allocated to reported segment surplus or

deficit, assets or liabilities, those amounts are allocated on a reasonable basis.

If management uses only one measure of a segment’s surplus or deficit, the segment’s assets or the segment’s liabilities in

assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources, segment surplus or deficit, assets and liabilities

are reported in terms of that measure. If management uses more than one measure of a segment’s surplus or deficit, the

segment’s assets or the segment’s liabilities, the reported measures are those that management believes are determined in

accordance with the measurement principles most consistent with those used in measuring the corresponding amounts

in the entity’s financial statements.

1.25 bUdGet InformatIon

entities are typically subject to budgetary limits in the form of appropriations or budget authorisations (or equivalent),

which is given effect through authorising legislation, appropriation or similar.

General purpose financial reporting by entity shall provide information on whether resources were obtained and used in

accordance with the legally adopted budget.

The approved budget is prepared on a cash basis and presented by economic classification linked to performance outcome

objectives.

The approved budget covers the fiscal period from 01-04-2017 to 31-03-2018.

The budget for the economic entity includes all the entities approved budgets under its control.

The financial statements and the budget are not on the same basis of accounting therefore a reconciliation between the

statement of financial performance and the budget have been included in the financial statements. Refer to note 26.

comparative information is not required.

1.26 related PartIes

a related party is a person or an entity with the ability to control or jointly control the other party, or exercise significant

influence over the other party, or vice versa, or an entity that is subject to common control, or joint control.

control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.

Joint control is the agreed sharing of control over an activity by a binding arrangement, and exists only when the strategic

financial and operating decisions relating to the activity require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control (the

venturers).

Related party transaction is a transfer of resources, services or obligations between the reporting entity and a related party,

regardless of whether a price is charged.

significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of an entity, but is not

control over those policies.


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ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.26 related PartIes (contInUed)

Management are those persons responsible for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the entity, including

those charged with the governance of the entity in accordance with legislation, in instances where they are required to

perform such functions.

close members of the family of a person are considered to be those family members who may be expected to influence,

or be influenced by, that management in their dealings with the entity.

The entity is exempt from disclosure requirements in relation to related party transactions if that transaction occurs within

normal supplier and/or client/recipient relationships on terms and conditions no more or less favourable than those

which it is reasonable to expect the entity to have adopted if dealing with that individual entity or person in the same

circumstances and terms and conditions are within the normal operating parameters established by that reporting entity’s

legal mandate.

Where the entity is exempt from the disclosures in accordance with the above, the entity discloses narrative information

about the nature of the transactions and the related outstanding balances, to enable users of the entity’s financial

statements to understand the effect of related party transactions on its financial statements.

1.27 events after rePortInG date

events after reporting date are those events, both favourable and unfavourable, that occur between the reporting date

and the date when the financial statements are authorised for issue. Two types of events can be identified:

• those that provide evidence of conditions that existed at the reporting date (adjusting events after the reporting date);

and

• those that are indicative of conditions that arose after the reporting date (non-adjusting events after the reporting

date).

The entity will adjust the amount recognised in the financial statements to reflect adjusting events after the reporting date

once the event occurred.

The entity will disclose the nature of the event and an estimate of its financial effect or a statement that such estimate

cannot be made in respect of all material non-adjusting events, where non-disclosure could influence the economic

decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial statements.

1.28 transfer of fUnctIons betWeen entItIes Under common control

defInItIons

an acquirer is the entity that obtains control of the acquiree or transferor.

carrying amount of an asset or liability is the amount at which an asset or liability is recognised in the statement of financial

position.

control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of another entity so as to benefit from its activities.

a function is an integrated set of activities that is capable of being conducted and managed for purposes of achieving an

entity’s objectives, either by providing economic benefits or service potential.

a merger is the establishment of a new combined entity in which none of the former entities obtains control over any

other and no acquirer can be identified.

Transfer date is the date on which the acquirer obtains control of the function and the transferor loses control of that

function.

a transfer of functions is the reorganisation and/or the re-allocation of functions between entities by transferring functions

between entities or into another entity.


130


ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.28 transfer of fUnctIons betWeen entItIes Under common control (contInUed)

a transferor is the entity that relinquishes control of a function.

common control–for a transaction or event to occur between entities under common control, the transaction or event

needs to be undertaken between entities within the same sphere of government or between entities that are part of the

same economic entity. entities that are ultimately controlled by the same entity before and after the transfer of functions

are within the same economic entity.

a function is an integrated set of activities that is capable of being conducted and managed for purposes of achieving an

entity‘s objectives, either by providing economic benefits or service potential. a function consists of inputs and processes

applied to those inputs that have the ability to create outputs. a function can either be a part or a portion of an entity or

can consist of the whole entity. although functions may have outputs, outputs are not required to qualify as a function. The

three elements of a function are defined as follows:

• Input: any resource that creates, or has the ability to create, outputs when one or more processes are applied to it.

• Process: any system, standard, protocol, convention or rule that when applied to an input or inputs, creates or has the

ability to create outputs.

• output: The result of inputs and processes applied to achieve and improve efficiency. This may be in the form of

achieving service delivery objectives, or the delivery of goods and/or services.

IdentIfyInG the acQUIrer and transferor

for each transfer of functions between entities under common control an acquirer and transferor are identified. all relevant

facts and circumstances are considered in identifying the acquirer and transferor.

The terms and conditions of a transfer of functions undertaken between entities under common control are set out in

a binding arrangement. The binding arrangement governing the terms and conditions of a transfer of functions may

identify which entity to the transaction or event is the transferor(s) and which entity is the acquirer. Where the binding

arrangement does not clearly identify the acquirer or the transferor, the behaviour or actions of the entities may indicate

which entity is the acquirer and which entity is the transferor.

Determining the acquirer includes a consideration of, amongst other things, which of the entities involved in the transfer

of functions initiated the transaction or event, the relative size of the entities, as well as whether the assets or revenue of

one of the entities involved in the transaction or event significantly exceed those of the other entities. If no acquirer can be

identified, the transaction or event is accounted for in terms of the standard of GRaP on Mergers.

determInInG the transfer date

The acquirer and the transferor identify the transfer date, which is the date on which the acquirer obtains control and the

transferor loses control of that function.

all relevant facts and circumstances are considered in identifying the transfer date.

assets acQUIred [transferred] and lIabIlItIes assUmed [relInQUIshed]

The recognition of assets and liabilities, is subject to the following conditions:

The assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are part of what had been agreed in terms of the binding arrangement (if

applicable), rather than the result of separate transactions.

determInInG What Is Part of the transfer of fUnctIons transactIon

Where the entity and the transferor have a pre-existing relationship before or when negotiations for a transfer of functions

began, or where a binding arrangement is entered into during the negotiations that are separate from a transfer of


131



functions, any amounts that are not part of what were transferred in a transfer of functions are identified. This policy

only applies to the consideration transferred and the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a transfer of functions as

governed by the terms and conditions of the binding arrangement.

The following factors are considered, which are neither mutually exclusive nor individually conclusive, to determine

whether a transaction is part of a transfer or function or whether the transaction is separate:

• the reasons for the transaction; and

• the timing of the transaction.

effectIve settlement of a Pre-exIstInG relatIonshIP betWeen the entIty (as acQUIrer) and transferor In a transfer of fUnctIons

a pre-existing relationship between the entity (as acquirer) and the transferor may be contractual or non-contractual. If a

transfer of functions in effect settles a pre-existing relationship, the entity (as acquirer) recognises a gain or loss, measured

as follows:

• for a pre-existing non-contractual relationship, fair value.

• for a pre-existing contractual relationship, the lesser of the following:

- the amount by which the binding arrangement is favourable or unfavourable from the perspective of the entity;

- (as acquirer) when compared with terms for current market transactions for the same or similar items; or

- the amount of any stated settlement provisions in the binding arrangement available to the counterparty to whom

the contract is unfavourable.

If the latter is less, the difference is included as part of a transfer of functions accounting. The amount of gain or loss

recognised may depend in part on whether the entity (as acquirer) had previously recognised a related asset or liability,

and the reported gain or loss therefore may differ from the amount calculated by applying the above requirements.

other crIterIa for the entIty (as acQUIrer)

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed that qualify for recognition as set out in the binding arrangement meets the

definitions of assets and liabilities in the framework for the Preparation and Presentation of financial statements and the

recognition criteria in the applicable standards of GRaP at the transfer date.

costs that the entity expects, but which it is not obliged to incur in the future to effect its plan to exit an activity of the

transferor or to terminate the employment of, or relocate the transferor‘s employees, is not accounted for as part of the

liabilities at the transfer date. The entity does not recognise those costs as part of a transfer of functions. Instead, the

entity recognises these costs in its financial statements after the transfer has occurred, in accordance with the applicable

standards of GRaP.

accoUntInG by the entIty as acQUIrer

Initial recognition and measurement

as of the transfer date, the entity recognises the purchase consideration paid to the transferor and all the assets acquired

and liabilities assumed in a transfer of functions. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed are measured at their carrying

amounts.

If, prior to the transfer of functions, the transferor was not applying the accrual basis of accounting, the transferor changes

its basis of accounting to the accrual basis of accounting prior to the transfer.

The consideration paid by the entity can be in the form of cash, cash equivalents or other assets. If the consideration paid

is in the form of other assets, the entity de-recognises such assets on the transfer date at their carrying amounts.

The difference between the carrying amounts of the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and the consideration paid to

the transferor, is recognised in accumulated surplus or deficit.


132



measUrement PerIod

If the initial accounting for a transfer of functions is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the transfer

occurs, the entity reports in its financial statements provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is

incomplete. During the measurement period, the entity retrospectively adjust the provisional amounts recognised at the

transfer date to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the transfer date and, if

known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognised as of that date. The measurement period ends

as soon as the entity receives the information it was seeking about facts and circumstances that existed as of the transfer

date or learns that more information is not obtainable. However, the measurement period does not exceed two years from

the transfer date.

The entity considers all relevant factors in determining whether information obtained after the transfer date should result

in an adjustment to the provisional amounts recognised or whether that information results from events that occurred

after the transfer date.

The entity recognises an increase (decrease) in the provisional amount recognised for an asset (liability) by means of

decreasing (increasing) the excess of the purchase consideration paid over the carrying amount of the assets acquired and

liabilities assumed previously recognised in accumulated surplus or deficit. However, new information obtained during the

measurement period may sometimes result in an adjustment to the provisional amount of more than one asset or liability.

During the measurement period, the entity recognises adjustments to the provisional amounts as if the accounting for the

transfer of functions had been completed at the transfer date. Thus, the entity revises comparative information for prior

periods presented in financial statements as needed, including making any change in depreciation, amortisation or other

income effects recognised in completing the initial accounting.

after the measurement period ends, the entity revises the accounting for a transfer of functions only to correct an error in

accordance with the standard of GRaP on accounting Policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors.

acQUIsItIon-related costs

acquisition-related costs are costs that the entity incurs to affect the transfer of functions. These costs include advisory,

legal, accounting and other professional or consulting fees, general administrative costs, and costs of registering and

issuing debt and equity securities. The entity accounts for acquisition-related costs as expenses in the period in which the

costs are incurred and the services are received, with the exception of the costs incurred to issue debt or equity securities,

which are recognised in accordance with the standard of GRaP on financial Instruments.

sUbseQUent measUrement

The entity subsequently measure any assets acquired and any liabilities assumed in a transfer of functions in accordance

with the applicable standards of GRaP.

at the transfer date, the entity classifies or designates the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as necessary to apply

other standards of GRaP subsequently. The entity makes those classifications or designations on the basis of the terms of

the binding arrangement, economic conditions, its operating or accounting policies and other relevant conditions that

exist at the transfer date. an exception is that the entity classifies the following contracts on the basis of the contractual

terms and other factors at the inception of the contract (or, if the terms of the contract have been modified in a manner

that would change its classification, at the date of that modification, which might be the transfer date):

• classification of a lease contract as either an operating lease or a finance lease in accordance with the standard of GRaP

on leases; and


133



• classification of a contract as an insurance contract in accordance with the International financial Reporting standard

on Insurance contracts.

accoUntInG by the entIty as transferor

derecognition of assets transferred and liabilities relinquished

as of the transfer date, the entity derecognises from its financial statements, all the assets transferred and liabilities

relinquished in a transfer of functions at their carrying amounts.

Until the transfer date, the entity continues to measure these assets and liabilities in accordance with applicable standards

of GRaP.

The consideration received from the acquirer can be in the form of cash, cash equivalents or other assets. If the consideration

received is in the form of other assets, the entity measures such assets at their fair value on the transfer date in accordance

with the applicable standard of GRaP. The difference between the carrying amounts of the assets transferred, the liabilities

relinquished and the consideration received from the acquirer is recognised in accumulated surplus or deficit.

1.29 commItments

Items are classified as commitments when an entity has committed itself to future transactions that will normally result in

the outflow of cash.

Disclosures are required in respect of unrecognised contractual commitments.

commitments represent goods/services that have been ordered, but no delivery has taken place at the reporting date.

These amounts are not recognised in the statement of financial position as a liability or as expenditure in the statement of

financial performance as the annual financial statements are prepared on the accrual basis and prior delivery, no accrual

can be recognised. These items are, however, disclosed as part of the disclosure notes.

The commitments disclosed in the disclosure note are the aggregate amount of capital approved and contracted for at the

reporting date, to the extent that the amount has not been recorded in the financial statements.

commitments for which disclosure is necessary to achieve a fair presentation should be disclosed in a note to the financial

statements, if both the following criteria are met:

• contracts should be non-cancellable or only cancellable at significant cost (for example, contracts for computer or

building maintenance services); and

• contracts should relate to something other than the routine, steady, state business of the entity – therefore salary

commitments relating to employment contracts or social security benefit commitments are excluded.

1.30 comParatIve fIGUres

Where necessary, comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to changes in presentation in the current year.


134


NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS2. neW standards and InterPretatIons

2.1 standards and InterPretatIons early adoPted

The entity has chosen to early adopt the following standards and interpretations:

GraP 20: related PartIes

The objective of this standard is to ensure that a reporting entity’s financial statements contain the disclosures necessary

to draw attention to the possibility that its financial position and surplus or deficit may have been affected by the existence

of related parties and by transactions and outstanding balances with such parties.

an entity that prepares and presents financial statements under the accrual basis of accounting (in this standard referred

to as the reporting entity) shall apply this standard in:

• identifying related party relationships and transactions;

• identifying outstanding balances, including commitments, between an entity and its related parties;

• identifying the circumstances in which disclosure of the items in (a) and (b) is required; and

• determining the disclosures to be made about those items.

This standard requires disclosure of related party relationships, transactions and outstanding balances, including

commitments, in the consolidated and separate financial statements of the reporting entity in accordance with the

standard of GRaP on consolidated and separate financial statements. This standard also applies to individual financial

statements.

Disclosure of related party transactions, outstanding balances, including commitments, and relationships with related

parties may affect users’ assessments of the financial position and performance of the reporting entity and its ability to

deliver agreed services, including assessments of the risks and opportunities facing the entity. This disclosure also ensures

that the reporting entity is transparent about its dealings with related parties.

The standard states that a related party is a person or an entity with the ability to control or jointly control the other party,

or exercise significant influence over the other party, or vice versa, or an entity that is subject to common control, or joint

control. as a minimum, the following are regarded as related parties of the reporting entity:

• a person or a close member of that person’s family is related to the reporting entity if that person:

- has control or joint control over the reporting entity;

- has significant influence over the reporting entity;

- is a member of the management of the entity or its controlling entity.

• an entity is related to the reporting entity if any of the following conditions apply:

- the entity is a member of the same economic entity (which means that each controlling entity, controlled entity

and fellow controlled entity is related to the others);

- one entity is an associate or joint venture of the other entity (or an associate or joint venture of a member of an

economic entity of which the other entity is a member);

- both entities are joint ventures of the same third party;

- one entity is a joint venture of a third entity and the other entity is an associate of the third entity;

- the entity is a post-employment benefit plan for the benefit of employees of either the entity or an entity related to

the entity. If the reporting entity is itself such a plan, the sponsoring employers are related to the entity;


135


NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS2.1 standards and InterPretatIons early adoPted (contInUed)

- the entity is controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified in (a); and

- a person identified in (a)(i) has significant influence over that entity or is a member of the management of that

entity (or its controlling entity).

The standard furthermore states that related party transaction is a transfer of resources, services or obligations between the

reporting entity and a related party, regardless of whether a price is charged.

The standard elaborates on the definitions and identification of:

• close member of the family of a person;

• management;

• related parties;

• remuneration; and

• significant influence.

The standard sets out the requirements, inter alia, for the disclosure of:

• control;

• remuneration of management.

The effective date of the standard is for years beginning on or after 01 april 2019. The impact of the standard is not material.

2.2 standards and InterPretatIons IssUed, bUt not yet effectIve

The entity has not applied the following standards and interpretations, which have been published and are mandatory for

the entity’s accounting periods beginning on or after 01 april 2019 or later periods:

GraP 34: seParate fInancIal statements

The objective of this standard is to prescribe the accounting and disclosure requirements for investments in controlled

entities, joint ventures and associates when an entity prepares separate financial statements.

It furthermore covers definitions, preparation of separate financial statements, disclosure, transitional provisions and

effective date.

The effective date of the standard is for years beginning on or after 01 april 2020.

The entity expects to adopt the standard for the first time in the 2020/2021 financial statements. It is unlikely that the

standard will have a material impact on the entity’s financial statements. GRaP 35: consolidated financial statements.

The objective of this standard is to establish principles for the presentation and preparation of consolidated financial

statements when an entity controls one or more other entities.

To meet this objective, the standard:

• requires an entity (the controlling entity) that controls one or more other entities (controlled entities) to present

consolidated financial statements;

• defines the principle of control, and establishes control as the basis for consolidation;

• sets out how to apply the principle of control to identify whether an entity controls another entity and therefore must

consolidate that entity;

• sets out the accounting requirements for the preparation of consolidated financial statements; and

• defines an investment entity and sets out an exception to consolidating particular controlled entities of an

investment entity.


136


NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS2.2 standards and InterPretatIons IssUed, bUt not yet effectIve (contInUed)

It furthermore covers definitions, control, accounting requirements, Investment entities: fair value requirement,

transitional provisions and effective date.


The entity expects to adopt the standard for the first time in the 2020/2021 financial statements. It is unlikely that the

standard will have a material impact on the entity’s financial statements.

GraP 36: Investments In assocIates and joInt ventUres

The objective of this standard is to prescribe the accounting for investments in associates and joint ventures and to set

out the requirements for the application of the equity method when accounting for investments in associates and joint

ventures.

It furthermore covers definitions, significant influence, equity method, application of the equity method, separate financial

statements, transitional provisions and effective date.


The entity expects to adopt the standard for the first time in the 2020/2021 financial statements.

It is unlikely that the standard will have a material impact on the entity’s financial statements.

GraP 37: joInt arranGements

The objective of this standard is to establish principles for financial reporting by entities that have an interest in arrangements

that are controlled jointly (i.e. joint arrangements).

To meet this objective, the standard defines joint control and requires an entity that is a party to a joint arrangement to

determine the type of joint arrangement in which it is involved by assessing its rights and obligations and to account for

those rights and obligations in accordance with that type of joint arrangement.

It furthermore covers definitions, joint arrangements, financial statements and parties to a joint arrangement, separate

financial statements, transitional provisions and effective date.

The effective date of the standard is for years beginning on or after 01 april 2020



GraP 38: dIsclosUre of Interests In other entItIes

The objective of this standard is to require an entity to disclose information that enables users of its financial statements

to evaluate:

• the nature of, and risks associated with, its interests in controlled entities, unconsolidated controlled entities, joint

arrangements and associates, and structured entities that are not consolidated; and

• the effects of those interests on its financial position, financial performance and cash flows.

It furthermore covers definitions, disclosing information about interests in other entities, significant judgements and

assumptions, investment entity status, interests in controlled entities, interests in joint arrangements and associates,

interests in structured entities that are not consolidated, non-qualitative ownership interests, controlling interests acquired

with the intention of disposal, transitional provisions and effective date.


137






GraP 110 (as amended 2016): lIvInG and non-lIvInG resoUrces

The objective of this standard is to prescribe the:

• recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure requirements for living resources; and

• disclosure requirements for non-living resources

It furthermore covers definitions, recognition, measurement, depreciation, impairment, compensation for impairment,

transfers, derecognition, disclosure, transitional provisions and effective date.

The subsequent amendments to the standard of GRaP on living and non-living Resources resulted from editorial changes

to the original text and inconsistencies in measurement requirements in GRaP 23 and other asset-related standards of

GRaP in relation to the treatment of transaction costs. other changes resulted from changes made to IPsas 17 on Property,

Plant and equipment (IPsas 17) as a result of the IPsasb’s Improvements to IPsass 2014 issued in January 2015 and

Improvements to IPsass 2015 issued in March 2016.

The most significant changes to the standard are:

• General improvements: to clarify the treatment of transaction costs and other costs incurred on assets acquired in non-

exchange transactions to be in line with the principle in GRaP 23; and to clarify the measurement principle when assets

may be acquired in exchange for a non-monetary asset or assets, or a combination of monetary and non-monetary

assets.

• IPsasb amendments: to clarify the revaluation methodology of the carrying amount and accumulated depreciation

when a living resource is revalued; To clarify acceptable methods of depreciating assets; and to define a bearer plant

and include bearer plants within the scope of GRaP 17 or GRaP 110, while the produce growing on bearer plants will

remain within the scope of GRaP 27




GraP 32: servIce concessIon arranGements: Grantor

The objective of this standard is: to prescribe the accounting for service concession arrangements by the grantor, a public

sector entity.

It furthermore covers: definitions, recognition and measurement of a service concession asset, recognition and

measurement of liabilities, other liabilities, contingent liabilities and contingent assets, other revenues, presentation and

disclosure, transitional provisions, as well as the effective date.





138



GraP 108: statUtory receIvables

The objective of this standard is: to prescribe accounting requirements for the recognition, measurement, presentation

and disclosure of statutory receivables.

It furthermore covers: definitions, recognition, derecognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure, transitional

provisions, as well as the effective date.

The effective date of the standard is not yet set by the Minister of finance.

The entity expects to adopt the standard for the first time when the Minister sets the effective date for the standard.


GraP 109: accoUntInG by PrIncIPals and aGents

The objective of this standard is to outline principles to be used by an entity to assess whether it is party to a principal-

agent arrangement, and whether it is a principal or an agent in undertaking transactions in terms of such an arrangement.

The standard does not introduce new recognition or measurement requirements for revenue, expenses, assets and/

or liabilities that result from principal–agent arrangements. The standard does however provide guidance on whether

revenue, expenses, assets and/or liabilities should be recognised by an agent or a principal, as well as prescribe what

information should be disclosed when an entity is a principal or an agent.

It furthermore covers definitions, identifying whether an entity is a principal or agent, accounting by a principal or agent,

presentation, disclosure, transitional provisions and effective date.

The effective date of the standard is not yet set by the Minister of finance.

The entity expects to adopt the standard for the first time when the Minister sets the effective date for the standard. The

impact of this standard is currently being assessed.

IGraP 18: InterPretatIon of the standard of GraP on recoGnItIon and derecoGnItIon of land

This Interpretation of the standards of GRaP applies to the initial recognition and derecognition of land in an entity’s

financial statements. It also considers joint control of land by more than one entity.

When an entity concludes that it controls the land after applying the principles in this Interpretation of the standards of

GRaP, it applies the applicable standard of GRaP, i.e. the standard of GRaP on Inventories, Investment Property (GRaP

16), Property, Plant and equipment (GRaP 17) or Heritage assets. as this Interpretation of the standards of GRaP does not

apply to the classification, initial and subsequent measurement, presentation and disclosure requirements of land, the

entity applies the applicable standard of GRaP to account for the land once control of the land has been determined. an

entity also applies the applicable standards of GRaP to the derecognition of land when it concludes that it does not control

the land after applying the principles in this Interpretation of the standards of GRaP.

In accordance with the principles in the standards of GRaP, buildings and other structures on the land are accounted for

separately. These assets are accounted for separately as the future economic benefits or service potential embodied in the

land differs from those included in buildings and other structures. The recognition and derecognition of buildings and

other structures are not addressed in this Interpretation of the standards of GRaP.

The effective date of the interpretation is for years beginning on or after 01 april 2019.

The entity expects to adopt the interpretation for the first time in the 2019/2020 financial statements. The impact of this

interpretation is currently being assessed.


139


NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTSFigures in Rand 2019 2018

3. cash and cash eQUIvalents

cash and cash equivalents consist of:short-term deposits 367 378 730 353 422 839

bank balances 19 830 762 13 422 977

cash on hand 955 381 1 017 509

388 164 873 367 863 325credit quality of cash at bank and short term deposits, excluding cash on hand

The credit quality of cash at bank and short term deposits, excluding cash on hand that are neither past due nor impaired

can be assessed by reference to external credit ratings (if available) or historical information about counterparty default

rates:

credit ratingsouth african Reserve bank Moody’s 22 067 717 20 536 690

nedbank limited standards and Poors b 345 311 013 332 886 149

nedbank limited standards and Poors b 19 830 762 13 422 977

387 209 492 366 845 816

4. receIvables from exchanGe transactIons

Trade debtors (net of provisions for doubtful debts) 4 778 903 4 057 777

accrued income 5 414 395 3 377 438

sundry receivables 593 204 82 058

Prepaid expenses 882 701 116 280

11 669 203 7 633 553

Trade receivables consist mainly of rental income from restaurants. Trade receivables are non-interest bearing and based

on 30 days from invoice.

fair value of trade and other receivables

Trade and other receivables 11 669 203 7 633 553

amounts neither past due nor impaired are considered fully recoverable. no credit quality issues are noted.

trade and other receivables past due but not impaired

Trade and other receivables which are less than 3 months past due are not considered to be impaired. at 31 March 2019,

R 450 299 (2018: R 999 309) were past due but not impaired.

the ageing of amounts past due but not impaired is as follows:2 months past due 204 413 -

3 months past due 243 886 999 309

trade and other receivables impaired

as of 31 March 2019, trade and other receivables of R 826 459 (2018: R 367 549) were impaired and provided for. The

amount of the provision was R (826 459) as of 31 March 2019 (2018: R (367 549)).

The ageing of this impairment is as follows:

over 6 months 826 459 367 549


140


NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTSFigures in Rand 2019 2018

4. receIvables from exchanGe transactIons (contInUed)

reconciliation of provision for impairment of trade and other receivablesopening balance 367 549 276 742

Provision for impairment 458 909 90 807

826 458 367 549

Due to unfavourable trading conditions at certain restaurants run on sanbI property, the collection for rental due became

difficult and resulted in their debtors aging being over 6 months. some of these restaurants have since ceased trading.

5. BioloGicAl ASSetS

Plants for resaleopening balance 1 891 882 790 055

Plus: fair value adjustments 1 416 411 2 533 359

less: cost of sales (952 419) (1 431 532)

closing balance 2 355 874 1 891 882

carrying value of inventories carried at fair value less costs to sell 2 355 874 1 891 882

Inventories recognised as an expense during the year 952 419 1 431 532

These biological assets consist of plants for sale in sanbI’s nurseries and are therefore consumable inventories.The fair value

of these plants was determined using an estimated selling price based on marked prices at sanbI nurseries.Given that no

additional staff is employed for selling the plants and very little time is actually spent by existing staff on selling plants,

costs to sell are considered negligible, and are therefore not taken into consideration in determining the valuation of the

plants.as these plants represent excess stock of plants actually grown for use in the gardens, the period between when the

plants meet the definition of biological assets and actual sale is too short to result in changes in value either of a physical

or market-related nature.

Refer to note 1.4 for reasons why no financial values are attached to the animal collection.

specimens number of specimens

number of specimens

Mammals 1 265 1 229

birds 1 215 941

Reptiles 385 373

fish 1 815 1 980

amphibians 43 52

Invertebrates 263 383

4 986 4 958


141



6. inventorieS

books 4 621 266 4 796 679

chemicals 496 650 45 120

consumable stores 322 239 260 219

fuel (diesel, petrol and oil) 40 484 59 243

Marketing materials 8 755 100 128

small tools and consumables 724 506 703 854

stationery 679 700 135 626

food and beverage 706 701 -

animal food 918 215 -

animal medical supplies 155 891 -

Maintenance materials 704 467 -

9 378 874 6 100 869

7. receIvables from non-exchanGe transactIons

Receivables from project donors 585 727 1 160 586

other receivables from non-exchange revenue 189 644 1 033 498

775 371 2 194 084

8. ProPerty, Plant and eQUIPment

2019 2018cost /

valuationaccumulated depreciation

and accumulated impairment

carrying value cost / valuation

accumulated depreciation


carrying value

buildings 221 089 114 (45 777 002) 175 312 112 203 492 367 (38 240 643) 165 251 724Motor vehicles 49 317 713 (25 721 271) 23 596 442 39 930 943 (18 416 020) 21 514 923operational equipment

107 160 311 (52 386 217) 54 774 094 55 778 071 (19 165 458) 36 612 613

Infrastructure 64 176 858 (8 755 729) 55 421 129 55 155 849 (7 171 040) 47 984 809total 441 743 996 (132 640 219) 309 103 777 354 357 230 (82 993 161) 271 364 069

reconciliation of property, plant and equipment–2019

opening balance

additions & WIP

additions through

transfer of functions

disposals trans-fers

received

trans-fers

deprecia-tion

Impair-ment loss

total

buildings 165 251 724 18 343 556 - (203 105) - (501 052) (4 790 982) (2 788 029) 175 312 112

Motor vehicles 21 514 923 1 508 927 5 285 884 - - - (4 713 292) - 23 596 442


36 612 613 11 678 118 20 990 412 (1 131 859) 404 664 - (13 779 854) - 54 774 094

Infrastructure 47 984 809 8 519 958 - - - 501 052 (1 584 690) - 55 421 129

271 364 069 40 050 559 26 276 296 (1 334 964) 404 664 - (24 868 818) (2 788 029) 309 103 777


142



8. ProPerty, Plant and eQUIPment (contInUed)

reconciliation of property, plant and equipment – 2018

opening balance

additions disposals transfers depreciation Impairment loss

Impairment reversal

total

buildings 146 554 430 70 375 119 (36 956) (47 151 079) (4 489 790) - - 165 251 724

Motor vehicles 19 539 815 1 694 925 (161 011) - (4 896 945) - 5 338 139 21 514 923


16 071 374 26 377 212 (65 810) - (9 100 723) (46 642) 3 377 202 36 612 613

Infrastructure - 946 611 - 47 151 079 (112 881) - - 47 984 809

182 165 619 99 393 867 (263 777) - (18 600 339) (46 642) 8 715 341 271 364 069

Property, plant and equipment in the process of being constructed or developed

cumulative expenditure recognised in the carrying value of property, plant and equipment

buildings 11 501 524 64 440 158

The construction work at the KwaZulu-natal Herbarium has been halted due to a dispute with the service provider. The

value of the construction to date is R 3 259 436 with an impairment value of R 2 788 029.

In accordance with the mandate as envisaged in the national environmental Management biodiversity act (neMba),

sanbI is responsible for managing, controlling and maintaining all national botanical gardens and the national Zoological

Garden. The majority of the land that is currently utilised as national botanical gardens and the national Zoological Garden

in the Republic belongs to the different tiers of government, and the control of the land is vested in sanbI in accordance

with its mandate.There are no restrictions, as no title / property, plant or equipment is pledged as security for any liabilities.

a register containing the details of property, plant and equipment is available for inspection at the registered office of the

entity.

9. Investment ProPerty

2019 2018cost /

valuationaccumulated depreciation



accumulated depreciation


carrying value

Investment property

101 358 112 (28 722 579) 72 635 533 101 248 584 (26 190 337) 75 058 247

reconciliation of investment property–2019opening balance

additions depreciation total

Investment property 75 058 247 109 528 (2 532 242) 72 635 533

reconciliation of investment property–2018

There are no restrictions, as no title / investment property is pledged as security for any liablities.


143



10. herItaGe assets

2019 2018cost /

valuationaccumulated impairment

losses


accumulated impairment

losses

carrying value

Historical monuments

224 062 - 224 062 224 062 - 224 062

conservation areas

17 682 262 - 17 682 262 17 682 262 - 17 682 262

total 17 906 324 - 17 906 324 17 906 324 - 17 906 324

reconciliation of heritage assets 2019

opening balance totalHistorical monuments 224 062 224 062

conservation areas 17 682 262 17 682 262

17 906 324 17 906 324

reconciliation of heritage assets 2018

opening balance additions transfers totalHistorical monuments - 205 200 18 862 224 062

conservation areas 17 682 262 - - 17 682 262

17 682 262 205 200 18 862 17 906 324

heritage assets which fair values cannot be reliably measured

The following heritage assets were not recognised due to a reliable measurement not being possible on initial recognition

as follows:

The Institute manages 10 proclaimed national botanical gardens, 1 botanical garden and the national Zoological Garden

which are protected as conservation areas in terms of its mandate. a significant portion of the land is owned by state

institutions. Due to the nature of the Institute’s activities, the Institute could not establish either a fair value/deemed cost or

a replacement cost for these heritage assets. The entity is not the legal owner of most of the land and only the management

authority. The total size of the land is 9570 hectares, spread in 10 proclaimed national botanical gardens across the country,

1 botanical garden in limpopo and the national Zoological Garden in Gauteng and a centre in limpopo, is being held

indefinitely for the benefit of present and future generations. The land is protected, kept unencumbered, cared for and

preserved for its natural heritage. other heritage assets, which are not held for sale, are as follows:

sanbI has a rich and valuable collection of original watercolour plates and pen and ink drawings housed at herbaria in

Pretoria and cape Town. The Pretoria collection was built up from around 1916, by the former botanical Research Institute,

as the original artwork for its many journals and books. It continues to be added to as new papers and books are published.

additional smaller collections of artwork were acquired by means of bequests to the nation or purchased by grants.

sanbI herbaria houses archived specimens of dried plant material mounted on cardboards or in packets, stored in

cupboards arranged in an accessible system. These plant specimens are kept in modern steel cabinets with magnetic

sealing doors (some are kept in older wooden cabinets made of different kinds of wood and now forming a valuable

collection of examples of worked timber). The collection currently stands at approximately 2 million specimens of which

1.3 million are computerised. Most specimens are from southern africa, but the collection extends into the rest of africa


144



10. herItaGe assets (contInUed)

and surrounding islands and includes small collections from outside africa. vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens are

represented.

The collection of the national Herbarium (PRe) was extended by several valuable collections over the years, including that

of e.e. Galpin and, in 1952, the Transvaal Museum (TRv). More recently the saasveld Herbarium and the forestry Herbarium

(PRf) were incorporated in the national Herbarium (PRe), currently making it by far the largest herbarium in africa.

The oldest specimen in this collection is a specimen of erica mammasa, collected by W.J. burchell (1781–1863) on the

cape flats near salt River in January 1811. other historically significant specimens in the collection includes: Dichrostachys

cinerea subsp. africana var. africana collected by burke & Zeyher on their first trip to the Magaliesberg in 1841 and Ochna

pulchra, collected by General J.c. smuts near the Pienaars River, 50 miles west of Warmbaths, in october 1932.

There are approximately 13 564 type specimens in the collections of the national Herbarium. Type specimens are

scientifically significant specimens in the collection as they are acting as a reference for the plant name, upon which the

name is based.

The cryptogammic collection of the national Herbarium consists of more than 80 000 mounted specimens of bryophytes

(hornworths, liverworts and mosses). It contains the largest and most representative collection of southern african

cryptogams. The PRe cryptogammic herbarium is the largest of its kind in africa and one of the largest in the southern

hemisphere.

sanbI has two main libraries–the Mary Gunn library in Pretoria and the Harry Molteno library in cape Town. They rank

amongst the biggest botanical libraries in the southern hemisphere and are valuable resources for information on southern

african flora and biodiversity. The Mary Gunn library dates back to 1916 and is housed in the national Herbarium in

Pretoria. It is currently the most comprehensive botanical library of its kind in africa and serves as one of the important

botanical and biodiversity information resources in africa. The library houses a magnificent africana and Rare antiquarian

book collection such as the 18 broadsheet edition of Redouté’s les liliacées (1807–1816) and the Xylotech book collection

by clementz H. Wehdemann (early 1800s).

The Harry Molteno library at Kirstenbosch dates back to 1913 when the garden was founded, but was officially started in

1921. since that time it has grown considerably and has moved several times. It is presently housed in the Kirstenbosch

Research centre.


145



11. IntanGIble assets

2019 2018cost /

valuationaccumulated amortisation


carrying value

cost / valuation

accumulated amortisation


carrying value

computer software 25 612 875 (21 898 200) 3 714 675 23 670 679 (17 561 106) 6 109 573

biodiversity Information

3 044 968 - 3 044 968 1 548 652 - 1 548 652

Management system

total 28 657 843 (21 898 200) 6 759 643 25 219 331 (17 561 106) 7 658 225

reconciliation of intangible assets–2019

opening balance

additions additions through transfer

of functions

amortisation total

computer software 6 109 573 1 899 822 3 500 (4 298 220) 3 714 675

biodiversity Information Management system

1 548 652 1 496 316 - - 3 044 968

7 658 225 3 396 138 3 500 (4 298 220) 6 759 643

reconciliation of intangible assets–2018

opening balance additions amortisation totalcomputer software 4 343 961 5 877 105 (4 111 493) 6 109 573

other intangible assets - 1 548 652 - 1 548 652

4 343 961 7 425 757 (4 111 493) 7 658 225

12. UnsPent condItIonal Grants and receIPts

Unspent conditional grants and receipts comprises of:Unspent conditional grants and receiptsUnspent conditional grants and receipts 69 589 567 60 722 695

Debit balances transferred to receivables from non-exchange transactions 585 727 533 560

Unspent conditional grant deposits 4 200 000 4 200 000

74 375 294 65 456 255

movement during the yearbalance at the beginning of the year 65 456 255 21 999 272

additions during the year 37 596 291 68 649 946

Income recognition during the year (29 262 979) (25 726 523)

Debit balances transferred to receivables from non-exchange transactions 585 727 533 560

74 375 294 65 456 255


146



13. Payables from exchanGe transactIons

Trade payables 25 382 969 7 945 634

other payables 9 684 802 7 532 471

Income received in advance 2 522 846 167 940

accrued expense 12 557 868 25 130 161

accrued leave pay 17 051 483 10 596 469

accrued service bonus 8 589 084 6 831 419

75 789 052 58 204 094

14. ProvIsIons

reconciliation of provisions–2019

opening balance

additions Utilised during the year

reversed during the year

total

Performance and related incentives

5 972 771 8 391 067 - (5 972 771) 8 391 067

capped leave provision 3 548 790 - (236 490) - 3 312 300

long service awards 1 177 000 1 521 209 - - 2 698 209

10 698 561 9 912 276 (236 490) (5 972 771) 14 401 576

reconciliation of provisions–2018

opening balance

additions reversed during the year

total

Performance and related incentives 3 688 101 5 972 771 (3 688 101) 5 972 771

capped leave provision 3 481 732 67 058 - 3 548 790

long service awards - 1 177 000 - 1 177 000

7 169 833 7 216 829 (3 688 101) 10 698 561

non-current liabilities 5 722 299 4 547 790

current liabilities 8 679 277 6 150 771

14 401 576 10 698 561

Performance related incentives are based on assessment of the employee’s performance in terms of employment contracts.

There is uncertainty as to the amount to be paid out.

capped leave provision represents the value of leave credits accumulated prior to 01 July 2000. There is uncertainty as to

the timing vesting of the leave.

The long service bonus awards are payable to employees who have completed uninterrupted milestone service with the

sanbI. The value of the awards is determined by sanbI policy as reviewed from time to time. The timing of the payout is

known but there is uncertainty if the employee will still be in service on these dates.

The provision for performance incentives is based on 1.5% or 1% of total budgeted employee remunerations for the

national botanical gardens and national Zoological Garden respectively, and other related incentives is based on past cost

with incremental per centage where deemed necessary.


147



15. transfers Payable (non-exchanGe)

Principal funds 2 871 916 21 404 158

funds held for onward transfers to third parties on attainment of agreed objectives.

16. emPloyee benefIt oblIGatIons

Post-retIrement benefIts

The south african national biodiversity Institute Retirement funds consist of the south african national biodiversity Institute Provident fund and the south african national biodiversity Institute Pension fund. The values have been calculated by independent actuaries.

Membership of the funds are a prerequisite for all permanently employed staff employed as from the 1st of December 1994.

The policy is to provide retirement benefits for employees by means of separate Pension and Provident funds, to which both employee and employer respectively, contribute in equal proportion.

The Provident fund is a defined contribution fund, except for members in service on or before 30 november 1995 who qualify for a defined benefit from the fund. The Pension fund is also a defined contribution fund. The employer contributes to the Provident fund while the employees’ contribution is paid to the Pension fund.

Retirement benefit income statements amounts are included in personnel costs.

Total employer’s contribution 18 814 824 1 991 587

fair value of the defined benefit obligation:

opening balance (324 887 419) (299 537 080)

Interest cost (29 878 516) (27 694 760)

current service cost (14 157 438) (1 991 587)

benefits paid 34 374 032 18 390 165

acturial gain/(loss) 12 716 531 (14 054 157)

Present value of obligation as at 31 march 2019 (321 832 810) (324 887 419)

fair value of Plan assetsopening balance 325 907 335 318 336 832

expected return on plan assets 29 970 970 29 480 736

contributions 14 064 986 1 991 587

benefits paid (34 374 032) (18 390 165)

actuarial gain/(loss) on plan assets (11 973 415) (5 511 655)

fair value of plan assets as at 31 march 2019 323 595 844 325 907 335

amounts recognised in the statement of financial PositionPresent value of funded obligation (321 832 810) (324 887 419)

fair value of plan assets 323 595 844 325 907 335

surplus (deficit) in plan 1 763 034 1 019 916

Unrecognised actuarial (gains)/losses (1 763 034) (1 019 916)

- -


148



16. emPloyee benefIt oblIGatIons (contInUed)

Post-retIrement benefIts

In terms of GRaP 25 an asset should not be recognised in the entity’s statement of financial position unless the entity has control of the asset, the asset arises due to past events (e.g. excess contributions) and the entity has beneficial use of the assets (e.g. via a contribution holiday or cash refund). a liability must always be recognised. The values have been calculated by independent actuaries.

current cost 18 814 824 1 991 587

Interest on obligation 29 878 516 27 694 760

expected return on plan assets (29 970 970) (29 480 736)

net acturial (gains)/losses recognised in the current year (743 116) 19 565 812

17 979 254 19 771 423

key actuarial assumptions in determining the above positions

Discount rate annualised yield on R213 (2018:R213) 9,50 % 8,60 %

Inflation rate 5,40 % 6,60 %

expected rate of salary increases (Inflation +1%) 6,40 % 7,60 %

expected rate of return on plan assets (actuarial valuation) 9,50 % 8,60 %

defined benefit pension plan

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019Defined benefit obligation (272 306 919) (268 259 643) (299 537 080) (324 887 419) (321 832 810)

Plan assets 288 847 770 304 436 502 318 336 832 325 907 335 323 595 844

surplus (deficit) 16 540 851 36 176 859 18 799 752 1 019 917 1 763 034

- - - - -

experience adjustments on plan liabilities

26 160 337 (6 360 293) 11 066 620 14 054 157 (12 716 531)

experience adjustments on plan assets

16 435 545 11 405 541 (13 341 332) (5 511 655) (11 973 415)

Post- retirement medical aid benefits

amounts recognised in the statement of financial Performanceservice cost 1 981 000 2 088 000

Interest cost 3 980 000 3 740 000

actuarial (gain)/loss recognised 4 284 000 (3 732 000)

total included in employee benefits [(gain)/expense] 10 245 000 2 096 000

amounts recognised in the statement of financial PositionPost-employment medical obligationPresent value of funded obligation- Members 38 655 000 32 477 000

- non-members 15 907 000 13 150 000

54 562 000 45 627 000


149




movements in the net liability in the statement of financial PositionPost-employment medical obligationnet liability at start of year 45 627 000 44 569 000

Interest cost 3 980 000 3 740 000

current service cost 1 981 000 2 088 000

benefit payment (1 310 000) (1 038 000)

Projected accrued services liability at end of the year 50 278 000 49 359 000

actuarial (gain) loss 4 284 000 (3 732 000)

54 562 000 45 627 000

Principal actuarial assumptions at statement of reporting date

Discount rate 31 March (%) 10,38 % 8,85 %

General increases to medical aid subsidy (%) 7,86 % 7,09 %

Proportion continuing membership at retirement (%) 100,00 % 100,00 %

Proportion of retiring members who are married (%) 90,00 % 90,00 %

Retirement age (years) 65 65

Projection of liability to 31 march 2020

The projection of the results from 01 april 2019 to 31 March 2020, assuming that the experience follows the assumptions

exactly, is as follows:

Post-employment medical obligation:

net liability at start of year 1 april 2019 54 562 000

Interest cost 5 582 000

current service cost 2 298 000

benefit payments (1 565 000)

Projected accrued service liability as at 31 march 2020 60 877 000

sensitivity analysis

The results are dependent on the assumptions used. In order to illustrate the sensitivity of the actuarial results to changes

in certain key variables, the actuaries have recalculated the liabilities using the following assumptions:

- a 1% increase / decrease in the Medical aid maxium cap inflation will result in the following amounts as disclosed

below;

- a Pa(90) and Pa(90)-2 in the assumed level of mortality will result in the following amounts as disclosed below Pa(90)-2

(Pa(90) with a two-year adjustment) means that, to each beneficiary a mortality rate of an individual two years younger

than that beneficiary was attached. a lighter mortality rate implies that the individual lives longer than expected in the

valuation basis.


150




medical aid and maximum cap inflation -1% Medical and maximum cap inflation (Rand

valuation assumption

(Rand)

+1% Medical aid and maximum cap

inflation (Rand)

Total accrued liability 48 802 000 54 562 000 61 384 000

service cost 2 009 000 2 298 000 2 648 000

Interest cost 4 984 000 5 582 000 6 289 000

valuation basis Pa (90) (Rand)

Pa (90) - 2 (Rand)

mortalityemployer’s accrued liability 54 562 000 57 140 000

employer’s service cost 2 298 000 2 380 000

employer’s interest cost 5 582 000 5 849 000

17. other Income

sundry income 7 167 240 2 838 604

Guided tours 1 221 656 782 211

Insurance refund 378 871 489 783

staff transport 154 306 157 495

Use of garden facilities 289 070 208 657

Professional services 15 675 889 5 797 833

Public functions 29 315 7 675

commission received 62 500 -

Golf cart rentals 1 703 642 -

26 682 489 10 282 258

Included in professional services is an amount of R1 164 686 received as services in kind, being hours of work done by

volunteers.

18. Government Grants and sUbsIdIes

operating grants

Government operating grant 393 301 000 294 228 000

393 301 000 294 228 000

capital grantsGovernment capital grant 79 350 000 75 000 000

79 350 000 75 000 000

472 651 000 369 228 000


151



19. other Grants, beQUests, sPonsorshIPs and donatIons

sponsorships 33 171 666 62 067 287

bequests 30 932 -

Donations 240 408 9 869 851

Unspent conditional grants and receipts (4 859 363) (43 300 719)

other grants 23 827 304 25 422 875

52 410 947 54 059 294

20. emPloyee related costs

basic 252 788 190 170 907 936

acting allowances 477 861 338 628

cell phone allowances 723 971 666 705

Housing benefits and allowances 7 760 837 7 137 684

leave pay 808 903 563 128

long-service awards 279 500 305 000

Medical aid - company contributions 18 640 287 14 947 868

Merit awards 74 066 52 795

overtime payments 11 044 714 5 552 847

Pensioners annuities 8 360 7 987

Performance bonus 6 593 900 3 410 694

senior management services allowances 16 771 292 13 834 691

service bonus 21 608 206 13 432 578

standby allowance 465 233 179 181

Workmen’s compensation 1 395 337 837 609

Risk benefit contributions 6 232 198 5 437 030

Research assistants 1 169 675 1 349 371

student stipends 1 341 514 2 722 674

assistant education officer’s 497 791 647 086

other short term costs 3 451 316 2 146 087

contract employee remuneration 38 726 499 30 613 402

Retirement fund contributions 21 289 855 13 276 021

Unemployment Insurance fund 1 755 937 1 198 129

413 905 442 289 565 131

remuneration of accounting authority and sub committee members

Meeting fees 1 431 138 946 349

During the course of the financial year, the entity’s board term came to an end, resulting in the appointment of a new

board. This resulted in increased board fees for the year.


152



21. oPeratInG exPenses

advertising 1 014 102 247 144

animal costs 7 197 186 -

auditors remuneration (note 24) 5 950 401 4 930 080

bank charges 2 730 803 1 440 814

biological asset costs 1 063 333 1 623 326

bursaries 8 790 464 6 695 767

cleaning 6 155 108 5 123 750

concert - costs 4 185 646 4 235 965

conferences and seminars 8 048 643 6 751 618

consulting and professional fees 41 429 291 23 839 034

consumables 6 560 705 30 842

entertainment 27 504 49 651

field trips 578 392 760 229

Hire of equipment 474 163 321 295

cost of sales 5 239 982 -

Insurance 3 130 950 2 710 859

Internal nZG cost 4 471 642 -

IT expenses 8 556 619 13 829 348

Marketing 2 980 567 789 931

Motor vehicle expenses 7 385 383 5 287 542

Municipal charges 15 498 831 10 152 302

Partnership fees 824 157 -

Postage and courier 779 402 654 317

Printing and stationery 4 994 977 5 060 363

Project implementer costs 2 531 422 3 365 764

Protective clothing 971 136 766 804

Recruitment costs 794 481 800 803

Refuse 403 967 466 030

Repairs and maintenance (note 23) 9 379 740 10 140 345

Royalties 1 095 174 1 009 862

security 18 385 144 12 886 809

staff welfare 1 392 811 1 565 813

subscriptions and membership fees 981 630 85 418

sundry expenses 6 461 328 6 023 611

sundry garden and operating expenses 15 833 581 10 688 551

Telephone and fax 4 121 698 3 080 515

Training 2 337 387 2 827 126

Travel–local 21 976 163 18 091 684

Travel–overseas 3 942 417 3 908 329

Uniforms 575 470 61 750

venue expenses 3 670 895 3 563 881

242 922 695 173 867 272


153



22. debt ImPaIrment

Provision for impairment movement (note 4) 458 909 90 807

23. rePaIrs and maIntenance

expenditure incurred to repair and maintain property, plant and equipment 9 379 740 9 820 115

expenditure incurred to repair and maintain investment property - 320 230

9 379 740 10 140 345

24. aUdItors’ remUneratIon

external audit fees 4 048 578 2 779 543

Internal audit fees 1 483 115 1 887 062

expenses 418 708 263 475

5 950 401 4 930 080

25. cash Generated from oPeratIons

surplus 14 251 135 64 016 821

adjustments for: Depreciation and amortisation 31 699 280 25 136 691

loss on sale of assets 917 518 (264 716)

fair value adjustments (1 416 410) (2 533 359)

Impairment loss (reversal) 2 788 030 (8 668 698)

Debt impairment 458 909 90 807

Movements in operating lease assets (61 820) (114 394)

Movements in retirement benefit assets and liabilities 8 935 000 17 202 020

Movements in provisions 2 830 205 3 528 728

fair value of donated assets 404 664 (9 200 000)

Plants for resale cost 952 419 1 431 532

foreign exchange loss/(gain) (442 519) 290

changes in working capital:Inventories (1 362 445) (1 513 485)

Receivables from exchange transactions 4 689 198 (3 846 727)

other receivables from non-exchange transactions 1 418 713 12 326 629

Payables from exchange transactions 5 982 078 13 028 567

Transfers payable (non exchange) (18 532 242) 8 919 088

Unspent conditional grants and receipts 8 919 039 43 456 983

62 430 752 162 996 777


154



26. commItments

authorised capital expenditure

already contracted for but not provided for

• Property, plant and equipment 48 957 240 68 863 048

• Intangible assets 5 173 048 4 348 687

54 130 288 73 211 735

total capital commitments

already contracted for but not provided for 54 130 288 73 211 735

The above commitments will be financed by retained surpluses, existing cash resources, funds internally generated

and government grants.

operating leases–as lessee (expense)minimum lease payments due- within one year 624 308 808 380

- in second to fifth year inclusive 369 270 207 778

993 578 1 016 158

operating lease payments represent rentals payable by the entity for certain of its office equipment. leases are

negotiated for an average term of three years and rentals are fixed for an average of three years. no contingent rent is

payable.

27. contInGencIes

Guaranteesstaff housing guarantees, estimated maximum 53 030 118 170

Recoverable from retirement funds (53 030) (118 170)

- -

sanbI assists qualifying officials partly for housing loans from financial institutions. for this purpose agreements have been

entered into with approved financial institutions to the effect that sanbI will guarantee a maximum of 20% of the housing

loan for which a person qualifies. The maximum amount is based on the official’s basic salary. sanbI guaranteed three loans

in the current year (2018: 8). The guarantees are fully recoverable from the employees’ cash portion of their retirement fund.

claim submitted by third parties

claim totalling R19 202 (2018: R nil) has been submitted by third party for loss inflicted by sanbI property. The claim has

been submitted to the insurers for assessment of liability. The claim is still under investigation.

claim totalling R630 890 (2018: R nil) has been submitted by third party for loss suffered on sanbI property. The claim has

been submitted to the insurers for assessment of liability. The claim is still under investigation.

contingent assets

appointment of a contractor for the construction of new office building, repairs, renovations and upgrades at the KZn

Herbarium. a dispute referred by contractor to arbitration. sanbI has a counter claim less estimated future costs including

costs of experts, legal costs and arbitration to the value of R 7 146 030.


155



28. reconcIlIatIon of bUdGet and actUal amoUnts

material differences between budget and actual amounts

variances of 10% or more are provided for lines items that are budgeted for.

The variances between the approved budget and actual results are due to the following:

admission fees–Given the tough economic conditions, the increase in visitor numbers did not meet the projected

anticipated visitor number increases.

rent received–an increase in visitor numbers enabled the entity to generate higher rentals as rentals are based

on turnover.

Interest received–long term project funds inflows enabled investment of excess cash at more advantageous rates.

Goverment grants–Includes additional funding received for Groen sebenza and infrastructure upgrades.

other grants, bequests, sponsorships and donations – project funds were not received as expected due to later

commencement dates

employee related costs–overall there is underspending on the budget as a result of timing differences between the

funds received and project plans.

operating expenditure–This budget includes both operating and capital expenditure. The actual capital expenditure is

capitalised. In aggregate, the actual operating and capital expenditure is not materially different to the budget.

29. related PartIes

relationships

controlling entity Department of environmental affairs

entities under common control south african national Parks south african Weather services isimangaliso Wetland Park

Members of key management Refer to note 31

related party balancestrade receivablesDepartment of environmental affairs 84 649 464 649

south african national Parks - 5 590

related party transactionsGovernment grantsDepartment of environmental affairs 464 651 000 369 228 000

other grants, bequests, sponsorships and donationsDepartment of environmental affairs 250 000 730 000


156



29. related PartIes (contInUed)

compensation to members and other key managementboard members remuneration 1 328 406 824 619

board sub-committee members remuneration 102 732 121 730

executive committee remuneration 16 222 464 14 841 439

17 653 602 15 787 788

30. rIsk manaGement

financial risk management

The entity’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including foreign exchange risk, fair value interest

rate risk and cash flow interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk.

In the course of sanbI’s operations it is exposed to credit, liquidity and market risk. sanbI has developed a comprehensive

risk strategy in terms of Treasury Regulation 27.2 (require a public entity to have a comprehensive risk management

strategy, which includes a fraud prevention plan) in order to monitor and control these risks. The risk management process

relating to each of these risks is discussed under the headings below.

sanbI’s overall risk management programme focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise

potential adverse effects on sanbI’s financial performance. sanbI does not use derivative financial instruments to hedge

risk exposures. Risk management is performed by management under policies approved by the executive committee.

Management identifies, evaluates and manages financial risks in close co-operation with sanbI’s operating units.

liquidity risk

The entity’s risk to liquidity is a result of the funds available to cover future commitments. The entity manages liquidity risk

through an ongoing review of future commitments and credit facilities.

cash flow forecasts are prepared.

Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash and obtaining the continued commitment from

the Department of environment, forestry and fisheries for the government grant and related project funding. Due to

the nature of the business, management maintains flexibility in funding by maintaining expenses below budget. The

table below analyses sanbI’s financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period at the

statement of financial position date to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual

undiscounted cash flows. carrying amounts equate to their fair values.

at 31 march 2019 less than 1 year

between 1 and 2 years


over 5 years

Trade and other payables 47 625 639 - - -

at 31 march 2018 less than 1 year



over 5 years

Trade and other payables 40 608 266 - - -


157



30. rIsk manaGement (contInUed)

credit risk

credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other party by failing to discharge an obligation. financial assets, which potentially subject sanbI to the risk of non performance by counter parties, consist mainly of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. sanbI limits its treasury counter-party exposure by only dealing with well-established financial institutions approved by national Treasury through the approval of their cash management policy in terms of Treasury Regulation. sanbI’s exposure is continuously monitored by the accounting authority. sanbI does not have any material exposure to any individual or counter-party. sanbI’s largest concentration of credit risk is limited mainly to the sale of plants. no events occurred in the industry during the financial year that may have an impact on the accounts receivable that has not been adequately provided for. sanbI no longer assists qualifying employees to obtain 100% housing loans from financial institutions without a cash deposit, as the financial institution concentrate more on the affordability other than what the staff member qualifies for. However, these guarantees are fully recoverable from the employees’ cash portion of their retirement fund. Due to the nature of the Institute’s financial instruments it is highly unlikely that the Institute will encounter difficulty in raising funds to meet commitments associated

with financial instruments.

maximum exposure to credit risk of financial assets at year-endTrade receivables 11 669 203 7 633 553

cash and cash equivalents 387 209 492 366 845 816

398 878 695 374 479 369

fair value of financial assets at year-endTrade receivables 11 669 203 7 633 553

cash and cash equivalents 388 164 873 367 863 325

399 834 076 375 496 878market risk

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. sanbI obtains competitive rates from approved financial institutions on a monthly basis.

as sanbI has significant interest-bearing assets, hence sanbI’s income and operating cash flows are dependent on changes in market interest rates. sanbI reviews its interest rate exposure on a regular basis. Market rates are compared with stable and credit-rated financial institutions. various institutional rates are simulated taking into consideration terms of deposits, availability of cash resources and any related risk factors. sanbI’s exposure to interest rate risk and the effective interest rates

on financial instruments at the financial reporting date are as follows:

assetscash deposits: 6% effective interest (2018: 5%) 387 209 492 366 845 816

sensitivity analysisInvestment income at a 1% deposit rate increase 3 872 094 3 668 458

sensitivity analysisInvestment income at a 1% deposit rate decrease (3 872 094) (3 668 458)

based on these scenarios, the impact of a positive 1% shift in deposit interest rates will have a R 3 872 094 (2018: R 3 668 458) impact on income.


158



30. rIsk manaGement (contInUed)

foreign exchange risk

The entity does not operate internationally, but undertakes some transactions denominated in foreign currencies, and

is thus exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from fluctuations in foreign currencies. The entity does not hedge itself

against exposure to foreign exchange risk. foreign currency exposure at financial year-end relates to trade payables and is

disclosed in the note to the annual report.

at 31 March 2019, if the currency had strengthened by 11% against the Us dollar with all other variables held constant,the

surplus for the year would have been R 63 645 (2018: R 1 092) higher, mainly as a result of foreign exchange gains or losses

on translation of Us dollar.

foreign currency exposure at statement of financial position date

liabilitiesUsD 36 890 (2018: 840) 538 620 9 923

GbP 1325 (2018: nil) 25 172 -

aUD 1430 (2018: nil) 14 803 -

exchange rates used for conversion of foreign items were:`

UsD 14.5968 11.8128

GbP 18.9977 -

aUD 10.3519 -


159



31. board and execUtIve members’ emolUments

board and committee members fees fees

Ms b.D. ferguson (board chairperson 01/10/18–31/03/18) 146 360 -

Ms M.e. Magomola (board chairperson 01/04/18–31/05/18) 63 090 140 230

Dr J.M. Matjila [ 01/04/18–30/09/18 (acting board chairperson 01/06/18–30/09/18)] 106 619 112 665

Dr M. Rampedi–chief executive officer (ex officio) - -

Prof. c.T. chimimba* (01/04/18–31/03/19) 14 676 31 302

Dr s.T. cornelius (01/04/18–30/09/18) 112 741 95 978

Mr J.G. Dladla* (01/07/18–31/03/19) 14 676 -

Dr l. Dziba* (01/04/18–31/03/19) 18 345 24 346

Ms T. Godongwana (01/04/18–31/03/19) 115 575 74 888

Mr s. Gounden (01/04/18–30/09/18) 82 173 90 872

Mr l.J. Makoro* (01/04/18–30/09/18) 22 014 34 780

Ms s. Mancotywa** (01/04/18–30/09/18) - -

Ms n.n. Mnqeta (01/04/18–30/09/18) 85 842 104 784

Ms b.D. ngidi (01/04/18–30/09/18) 101 994 118 252

Dr y. seleti** (01/04/18–31/03/19) - -

Prof. b.W. van Wilgen (01/04/18–31/03/19) 77 049 86 950

Mr T. Zororo* (01/04/18–30/09/18) 25 683 31 302

Ms J. Hermans (01/10/18–31/03/19) 69 711 -

Dr l.T. luthuli (01/10/18–31/03/19) 77 172 -

Ms v.J. Klein (01/10/18–31/03/19) 94 647 -

Ms l. Makotoko** (01/10/18–31/03/19) - -

Ms P.n. Mngomezulu (01/06/18–31/03/19) 108 237 -

Prof. M. Muthama* (14/01/19–31/03/19) 7 338 -

Dr c.G. olver (01/10/18–31/03/19) 87 196 -

1 431 138 946 349

* board sub–committee member

** no honoraria were paid–state employee


160



31. board and execUtIve members’ emolUments (contInUed)

2019executive members basic non

pensionable allowances

bonuses Pension and medical benefits

Total 2019

M. Rampedi–chief 1 486 918 372 858 - 150 851 2 010 627

executive officer

c.H .Mbizvo–Head of branch: biodiversity Research, Policy and Knowledge Management

1 179 353 568 699 - 119 205 1 867 257

l. sithole–chief financial officer 1 235 589 318 910 - 94 454 1 648 953

M.e. Khoahli–chief corporate officer 924 308 399 869 - 117 440 1 441 617

M.J .netshiombo–chief Director: Human Resources

1 078 358 234 264 - 128 994 1 441 616

c.K .Willis–chief Director: conservation Gardens and Tourism

924 308 404 561 - 108 656 1 437 525

R.J. sebola–chief Director: biosystematics and collections

929 187 224 529 - 85 850 1 239 566

J.s. Donaldson–chief Director: biodiversity Research, Information and Monitoring

897 193 391 994 - 106 622 1 395 809

K.e. Maze–chief Director: biodiversity Planning and Policy advice

845 196 351 276 64 450 107 645 1 368 567

M. barnett–leader: climate fund 784 670 331 060 - 106 967 1 222 697

c. allenby–acting Managing Director nZG

738 833 183 137 - 226 260 1 148 230

11 023 913 3 781 157 64 450 1 352 944 16 222 464


161



31. board and execUtIve members’ emolUments (contInUed)

2018executive members basic non

pensionable allowances

bonuses Pension and medical benefits

Total 2018

M. Rampedi–chief executive officer (ex officio) (01/09/2017 - 31/03/2018)

784 194 213 429 - 74 445 1 072 068

T.e. abrahamse–chief executive office(ex officio) (01/04/2017 - 31/08/2017)

637 121 298 164 57 105 59 059 1 051 449

c.H. Mbizvo–Head of branch: biodiversity Research, Policy and Knowledge Management

1 211 683 549 950 52 225 117 245 1 931 103

l.sithole–chief financial officer 1 171 175 303 213 43 917 89 623 1 607 928

M.e. Khoahli–chief corporate officer 876 121 384 268 38 328 107 094 1 405 811

M.J. netshiombo–chief Director: Human Resources

1 007 038 230 392 37 204 110 136 1 384 770

c.K. Willis–chief Director: conservation Gardens and Tourism

863 175 379 915 37 204 105 391 1 385 685

R.J. sebola–chief Director: biosystematics and collections

867 724 212 555 - 78 237 1 158 516

J.s. Donaldson–chief Director: biodiversity Research, Information and Monitoring

837 855 383 173 36 113 103 492 1 360 633

K.e. Maze–chief Director: biodiversity Planning and Policy advice

837 855 362 441 36 113 104 224 1 340 633

M. barnett–leader: climate fund 732 767 313 737 - 96 342 1 142 846

9 826 708 3 631 237 338 209 1 045 288 14 841 442

32. oPeratInG lease–as lessor

minimum lease payments due- Within one year 5 543 350 5 186 371

- between two to five years 11 691 400 10 546 916

- later than five years - 32 029

17 234 750 15 765 316

The entity has entered into commercial property leases for the maximum duration of five years period. These leases are

negotiated for a term of between one year and five years and rentals are turnover based between 5% and 10% with a

minimum rental amount payable.

There are no contingent rents receivable.


162



33. fInancIal InstrUments dIsclosUre

categories of financial instruments

2019financial assets

at amortised cost totalcash and cash equivalents 388 164 873 388 164 873

Trade and other receivables from exchange transactions 11 669 203 11 669 203

399 834 076 399 834 076

financial liabilitiesat amortised cost total

Trade and other payables from exchange transactions 47 625 639 47 625 639

2018financial assets

at amortised cost totalcash and cash equivalents 367 863 325 367 863 325

Trade and other receivables from exchange transactions 7 633 553 7 633 553

375 496 878 375 496 878

financial liabilitiesat amortised cost total

Trade and other payables from exchange transactions 40 608 266 40 608 266

34. seGment InformatIon

General InformatIon

Identification of segments

The entity is organised and reports to management on the basis of mandated areas. The segments were organised around

the type of service delivered and the target market. Management uses these same segments for determining strategic

objectives. segments were aggregated for the type of services and target market for reporting purposes.

The segmental information have been prepared in accordance with the standards of Generally Recognised accounting

Practice (GRaP), issued by the accounting standards board in accordance with section 91(1) of the Public finance

Management act (act 1 of 1999).

The segment information have been prepared on an accrual basis of accounting and are in accordance with historical cost

convention as the basis of measurement, unless specified otherwise. They are presented in south african Rand.

Information reported about these segments is used by management as a basis for evaluating the segments’ performances

and for making decisions about the allocation of resources. The disclosure of information about these segments is also

considered appropriate for external reporting purposes.


163



34. seGment InformatIon (contInUed)

types of goods and/or services by segment

These reportable segments as well as the goods and/or services for each segment are set out below:

reportable segment Goods and/or servicesconservation gardens and tourism national botanical Gardens and related materials

science policy and research biodiversity research and policy advice

Zoological garden and tourism national Zoological Garden and related materials

Zoological research Zoological research and related materials

2019

conservation garden and

tourism

science policy and research

Zoological garden and

tourism

Zoological research

total

revenueRevenue from non-exchange transactions

100 058 448 238 715 723 - 3 890 000 342 664 171

Revenue from exchange transactions

90 450 796 7 188 683 43 068 634 6 242 530 146 950 643

Interest revenue 4 782 670 1 265 834 - - 6 048 504

total segment revenue 195 291 914 247 170 240 43 068 634 10 132 530 495 663 318Head office revenue 226 013 011

entity’s revenue 721 676 329

expendituresalaries and wages 107 146 867 126 217 426 55 193 024 13 212 352 301 769 669

other expenses 47 310 060 69 877 301 23 003 316 6 706 345 146 897 022

total segment expenditure 154 456 927 196 094 727 78 196 340 19 918 697 448 666 691

total segmental surplus/(deficit)

40 834 987 51 075 513 (35 127 706) (9 786 167) 46 996 627

Total revenue reconciling items

226 013 011

Head office expenditure (258 758 503)

Total segment surplus 46 996 627


164




2018

conservation garden and

tourism

science policy and research

total

revenueRevenue from non-exchange transactions 115 561 515 177 492 275 293 053 790

Revenue from exchange transactions 85 732 353 1 327 750 87 060 103

Interest revenue 4 560 443 4 405 442 8 965 885

total segment revenue 205 854 311 183 225 467 389 079 778Head office revenue 156 621 832

entity’s revenue 545 701 610

expendituresalaries and wages 100 332 560 111 795 156 212 127 716

other expenses 53 310 744 91 352 046 144 662 790

total segment expenditure 153 643 304 203 147 202 356 790 506

total segmental surplus/(deficit) 52 211 007 (19 921 735) 32 289 272Total revenue reconciling items 156 621 832

Head office expenditure (124 894 283)

Total segment surplus 32 289 272

entity’s surplus for the period 64 016 821

additions to non-current assets, total assets and total liabilities of segments have not been disclosed as the amounts are

not regularly provided to management for review.

Information about geographical areas

science policy and research segment is not defined to a specfic geograhical location.

The entity’s conservation garden and tourism operations are in eight of the nine provinces. The entity’s zoological garden

and tourism operates in the Gauteng Province.

The table below indicates their relevant geographical information after eliminating inter segmental transfers:

2019

external revenues from non-exchange transactions

external revenues from exchange transactions

total expenditure

Gauteng 103 410 363 62 078 278 144 649 255

Western cape 114 237 77 976 624 69 927 705

free state 400 000 1 612 112 10 779 836

KwaZulu-natal 200 956 982 8 682 514

Mpumalanga 80 1 692 610 14 722 307

northern cape 23 568 228 026 2 311 388

limpopo - - 1 045 665


165




2018

external revenues from non-exchange

transactions

external revenues from

exchange transactions

total expenditure

Gauteng 75 297 825 13 348 105 42 161 110

Western cape 29 099 979 72 583 367 78 931 253

free state 1 326 439 1 478 675 9 472 687

KwaZulu-natal 7 412 072 1 029 806 7 886 657

Mpumalanga 2 425 200 1 703 482 13 148 827

northern cape - 149 361 2 042 770

total 115 561 515 90 292 796 153 643 304

non-current assets are excluded from the above table as the necessary information is not available and the cost to develop

it would be excessive.

35. IrreGUlar exPendItUre

opening balance 29 528 835 -

add: Irregular expenditure–current year 5 327 700 18 727 088

add: Irregular expenditure–prior year 14 932 518 10 808 674

less: amounts condoned (32 351 122) (6 927)

17 437 931 29 528 835

analysis of expenditure awaiting condonation per age classification

current year 1 284 414 18 720 161

Prior years 16 153 517 10 808 674

17 437 931 29 528 835

details of irregular expenditure – current yeardisciplinary steps taken

non-compliance with scM policy and Treasury Regulation 16a6.1

Disciplinary action taken, awaiting condonation 58 083


Disciplinary action taken, awaiting condonation 33 060

non-compliance with the Delegations of authority

Disciplinary action taken and condoned by aa 3 256 971


Disciplinary action taken and condoned by ceo 786 315

non-compliance with scM policy and Treasury Regulation

awaiting consquence management and condonation

16 125 789

20 260 218


166



35. IrreGUlar exPendItUre (contInUed)

details of irregular expenditure condonedcondoned by (condoning authority)

non-compliance with the Delegations of authority Disciplinary action taken and condoned by aa 10 808 674



36. comParatIve fIGUres

certain expenditure items have been correctly classified into their appropriate classification accounts.

The reclassification affects the operating expenditure and had no effect on the net surplus as previously reported.

The impact of the restatement on the 2018 figures is as follows:

statement of financial Performance as previously stated

adjustment amount restated

employee related costs–basic 204 586 910 -33 678 974 170 907 936

employee related costs–Medical aid company contribution

1 180 075 13 767 793 14 947 868

employee related costs–Risk benefit - 5 437 030 5 437 030

employee related costs–other short term costs 2 051 634 94 453 2 146 087

employee related costs–contract employee remuneration 30 806 053 -192 651 30 613 402

employee related costs–Retirement fund contributions - 13 276 021 13 276 021

employee related costs–Unemployment insurance fund - 1 198 129 1 198 129

lease rentals on operating lease 805 720 -58 774 746 946

advertising 286 553 -39 409 247 144

assessment rates & municipal charges 71 683 -71 683 -

bank charges 1 440 808 6 1 440 814

biological asset cost 1 623 092 234 1 623 326

bursaries 6 273 948 421 819 6 695 767

cleaning 5 014 319 109 431 5 123 750

commission paid 1 009 862 -1 009 862 -

concert–costs - 4 235 965 4 235 965

conferences and seminars 6 664 743 86 875 6 751 618

consulting and professional fees 24 841 563 -1 002 529 23 839 034

consumables - 30 842 30 842

electricity 7 614 808 -7 614 808 -

entertainment 142 394 -92 743 49 651

field trips 806 835 -46 606 760 229

Hire of equipment 339 249 -17 954 321 295

Insurance 2 706 359 4 500 2 710 859


167



IT expenses 13 313 956 515 392 13 829 348

Marketing 8 451 736 -7 661 805 789 931

Motor vehicle expenses 5 334 389 -46 847 5 287 542

Municipal charges - 10 152 302 10 152 302

Postage and courier 662 141 -7 824 654 317

Printing and stationery 5 156 068 -95 705 5 060 363

Project implementer costs 3 465 764 -100 000 3 365 764

Protective clothing 653 786 113 018 766 804

Recruitment costs 802 149 -1 346 800 803

Refuse 466 839 -809 466 030

Repairs and maintenance – PPe 10 233 915 -413 800 9 820 115

Royalties - 1 009 862 1 009 862

security 12 910 732 -23 923 12 886 809

staff welfare 1 726 968 -161 155 1 565 813

subscriptions and membership fees 191 058 -105 640 85 418

sundry expenses 6 273 046 -249 435 6 023 611

sundry garden and operating expenses 9 711 203 977 348 10 688 551

Telephone and fax 2 943 101 137 414 3 080 515

Training 2 786 551 40 576 2 827 127

Travel–local 18 109 689 -18 005 18 091 684

Travel–overseas 3 905 369 2 960 3 908 329

Uniform 50 378 11 372 61 750

venue expenses - 3 563 881 3 563 881

37. PrIor PerIod errors

Property, plant and equipment has been restated from R257 298 628 to R271 364 069 to account for assets not previously

recognised in the asset register and change in estimated useful lives.

Heritage assets has been restated from R17 682 262 to R17 906 324 to account for assets not previously recognised in the

asset register.

Intangible assets has been restated from R7 882 745 to R7 658 225 to account for change in estimate of useful lives.

Payables from exchange transactions has been restated from (R 59 010 005) to (R58 204 092) as a result of a credit note

being received for previously charged services.

These errors could not be split between the segments in the Institute.

The correction of the error results in adjustments on the 2017/2018 figures as follows:

Property, plant and equipment has increased by R 14 065 441, heritage assets increased by R 224 062, intangible assets

decreased by R 224 520 and payables from exchange transactions decreased by R 805 913 with a net adjustment to

opening accumulated surplus of R 14 870 896.

36. comParatIve fIGUres (contInUed)


168



The impact of the prior period errors on the 2018 figures is as follows:

statement of financial Position

as previously stated

reclassification entries

Prior period error

adjustment

amount restated

Property, plant and equipment 257 298 628 14 065 441 271 364 069

Heritage assets 17 682 262 224 062 17 906 324

Intangible assets 7 882 745 (224 520) 7 658 225

Payables from exchange (59 010 005) 805 913 (58 204 092)

accumulated surplus (542 275 495) (14 870 896) (557 146 391)

statement of financial Performance

employee related costs 289 663 330 (98 199) 289 565 131

operating expenses 180 054 301 156 980 (6 344 009) 173 867 272

lease rentals on operating lease 805 720 (58 774) 746 946

Depreciation 24 948 238 188 453 25 136 691

Impairment loss 46 642 (8 715 341) (8 668 699)

38. transfer of fUnctIons betWeen entItIes Under common control

transfer of functions between entities under common control occurring during the current reporting period

entities involved in the transfer of functions were:

Department of science and Technology (DsT) - national Research foundation (nRf).

Department of environmental affairs (Dea) - south african national biodiversity Institution (sanbI) .

The following functions were transferred:

The national Zoological Garden (nZG).

The transfer was due to The nZG being a national research facility under the control and the management of nRf, a public

entity reporting to the DsT. In 2013 , the DsT proposed a transfer of the nZG from the nRf to sanbI, the Dea’s public

entity. following a due diligence exercise commissioned by a high level task team comprising officials of the national

departments and the two public entities, it was determined that the transfer of the nZG to sanbI was both feasible and

desirable.

37. PrIor PerIod errors (contInUed)


169



The transfer of function took place during the 2018/2019 financial year. The transfer was implemented on 01 april 2018.

value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed

Assets transferedProperty plant and equipment 26 279 796 -

Inventory 1 915 560 -

Receivables from exchange transactions 9 183 757 -

cash and cash equivalents 1 424 303 -

38 803 416 -

liabilities assumedTrade and other payables 11 650 810 -

employee benefits 872 810 -

12 523 620 -difference between the carrying amounts of the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and adjustments required to the basis of accounting

26 279 796 -

difference between net assets and the consideration paid 26 279 796 -

contingent liabilities and contingent assets attributable to a transfer of functions

There was no contingent liabilites or contingent assets attributable to the transfer of functions of the national zoological

garden.

revenue and expenditure attributable to a transfer of functions

Revenue from exchange transactions = R 53 808 602

Revenue from non-exchange transactions = R 81 559 000

employee remunerationand other related costs = (R 89 465 728) operational expenditure = (R 50 892 841)

net loss = R 4 990 967

39. servIces In-kInd

The nZG uses buildings and facilities situated at boom street, Pretoria and Mokopane, which belong to the Department of

Public Works. These buildings and facilities are used in a variety of ways including offices, animal holding facilities, research,

restaurants and entertainment. The value of the services in derived from their use is estimated at R 12 442 451. The size of

the areas occupied are included as part of note 10.

38. transfer of fUnctIons betWeen entItIes Under common control (contInUed)


170


ANNEXURE A–DONATIONS, OTHER GRANTS AND SPONSORSHIPSWater 2 474 929 -2 474 929 -Government

march 2019 march 2018agricultural Research council - 20 000

council for scientific and Industrial Research (csIR) 622 758 1 507 752

Department of environmental affairs 250 000 730 000

Department of science and Technology 27 900 000 21 954 000

Department of Tourism - 44 200 000

national Research foundation (nRf) 12 757 546 7 169 321

Rand Water 160 000 -

south african national energy Development Institute 80 190 73 500

Water Research commission 400 000 500 000

42 170 494 76 154 573

foreignconservation beyond borders 59 491 -

critical ecosystem Partnership fund (via birdlife sa) - 52 542

european Union (via United nations Department of economic & social affairs) - 1 071 135

Global biodiversity Information facility (GbIf) - 2 339 459

Global environment facility (via Development bank of south africa) 6 700 205 189 334

Green climate fund 2 386 220 -

International Union for conservation of nature (IUcn) 511 587 133 498

JRs biodiversity foundation 2 371 589 1 964 781

Mohamed bin Zayed foundation 127 775 -

Royal botanic Gardens Kew 1 059 232 676 117

The adaptation fund 3 066 508 32 532 112

Trace Wildlife forensics 77 000 -

Traffic International 445 500 -

Un environment - World conservation Monitoring centre 325 219 -

United nations Development Programme (UnDP) 19 002 405 25 134 357

University of Tel aviv 24 900 -36 157 631 64 093 335

corporatecadbury 80 000 -

offlimit communication (Pty) ltd - 40 000

80 000 40 000

individuals and organisationsa24D24 Dot com (Pty) ltd 47 058 -

Dylan lewis - 62 500

MacGregor family 23 568 -

Mr Iain Hume - 30 000

Table Mountain fund (TMf) 150 000 150 000

The botanical society of south africa 1 738 567 1 352 455

2 074 693 2 415 815

*The supplementary information presented does not form part of the financial statements and is unaudited.


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ANNEXURE A–DONATIONS, OTHER GRANTS AND SPONSORSHIPS

*The supplementary information presented does not form part of the financial statements and is unaudited.

trustsmarch 2019 march 2018

boe Trust ltd 30 000 30 000

botanical education Trust 22 000 12 000

estate late Derek fitzroy du Toit 50 000 60 000

frances M Hawes bequest 932 827

The Green Trust - 471 000

102 932 573 827

otherbench donations - 109 000

sundry donations 7 896 4 909

7 896 113 909

Total donations, grants and sponsorships 80 593 645 143 391 459

conditional donations, grants and sponsorships 33 156 666 133 521 608

Unconditional donations, grants and sponsorships 23 555 107 9 869 851

bequests 30 932 -

exchange revenue 10 847 047 -

Donations 511 606 -

agency 12 492 287 -

80 593 645 143 391 459

South African National Biodiversity InstituteBiodiversity for Life

Copies of this report are available from:South African National Biodiversity InstitutePrivate Bag X7, Claremont, 7735Tel: 021 799 8800 | Fax: 021 762 3229orPrivate Bag X101, Silverton, 0184Tel: 012 843 5000Fax: 012 804 3211www.sanbi.orgFor submission in terms of the Public Finance Management Act No. 1 of 1999, August 2012

ISSN 1021-7460

We acknowledge the photographic contributions of SANBI staff, fellow researchers and conservationists with appreciation.

ANNUAL REPORT 2018/19 - Home - SANBI · In conclusion, I take this opportunity to thank sanbI’s...

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